Po-Teen LIM, Chui-Pin LEAW Hong-Chang LIM, Toh-Hii TAN, Sing-Tung TENG, Kieng-Soon HII, Nyuk-Fong KON, Leh-Hie YEK, Roziawati Mohd Razali

Transcription

1 Po-Teen LIM, Chui-Pin LEAW Hong-Chang LIM, Toh-Hii TAN, Sing-Tung TENG, Kieng-Soon HII, Nyuk-Fong KON, Leh-Hie YEK, Roziawati Mohd Razali 1 FRST, UNIMAS 2 IBEC, UNIMAS 3 IOES, UM, FRI

2 Outline Nov Protracted blooms of Pyrodinium bahamense in the west coast of Sabah Feb 2014 A phenomenal bloom of Karlodinium australe associated with fish kill Apr 2014 A shift in bloom organisms in the west coast of Sabah

3 November PROTRACTED BLOOMS OF PYRODINIUM BAHAMENSE IN THE WEST COAST OF SABAH

4 Protracted blooms of P. bahmanse November 2012: Sabah Fisheries Dept. detected high PST in shellfish samples from the west coast of Sabah. January 2013: Two teenagers died. February 2013: A women died. Total of 43 PSP cases were reported. Pyrodinium bahamense

5 Sampling activity January 2013 and June 2013: Sampling trips were conducted by the team after the PSP outbreak in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Plankton samples collected were observed and toxin analysis performed.

6 February 2014 A PHENOMENAL BLOOM IN THE WEST JOHOR STRAIT THAT ASSOCIATED WITH MASS MORTALITY OF NET CAGE-CULTURED FISHES

7 Feb 11 Feb Feb Fish kill incident happened, started on Feb 11, 2014; became more serious on the following three subsequent days. It last for at least two weeks. Fish kill incident started. Massive fish kills reported in the press. Field sampling conducted.

8 Type of affected finfish cultured in net cages: - Red Snapper (Lutjanus sp.) - Estuary Cod (Epinephelus coioides Hamilton) - Seabass/Siakap (Lates calcarifer Bloch) - Paddletail Snapper (Lutjanus gibbus Forsskål) - Fourfinger Threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum Shaw)

9 Sampling area No. of net cages farm: 8-9

10 Cell composition Cell density of Karlodinium on 21 st February at West Johor Strait: cells L -1

11 The unarmored dinoflagellate Karlodinium australe Cell length: 22.5 ± 2.1 µm Cell width: 16.2 ± 1.9 µm Nucleus: irregularrounded, anterior Chloroplast: >10 irregularly distributed peripherally

12 Molecular Evidence 28S LSU Tree Strong support with its closest sister species, K. armiger Molecular distance in range of % compared to K. armiger 6% compared to other species. CBCs found between sister taxa.

13 Fish Necropsy protruding eyes/reddening of the iris, discolored and skin sloughing, damaged gills, slightly brownish cast fins reddened at the base, Human skin irritation, itchiness and swelling

14 April 2014 A SHIFT IN BLOOM ORGANISMS IN THE WEST COAST OF SABAH

15 Shift in Bloom Organisms Oct-Nov 2013: Pyrodinium blooms subsided. Early Apr 2014: Red tides was observed along the west coast of Sabah. Investigations were undertaken.

16 Noctiluca blooms Photo courtesy of A. Puyong (SFD)

17 Sampling activity April 2014: Sampling trip was undertaken in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Plankton samples collected were observed.

18 Organisms identified: Cochlodinium polykrikoides Gonyaulax

19 A new toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia species PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA KODAMAE

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21 Pseudo-nitzschia kodamae A new toxigenic species of Pseudo-nitzschia from Malaysian water was characterized. First confirmation of a DA-producing diatom from Malaysia.

22 Significant Achievement List of publications (Journal papers): 1. Tan, T.H., Lim, P.T., Mohd Razali, R., Leaw, C.P. (2013) Harmful Algal Species in the Tebrau Strait: An SEM Observation of the Dinofl agellate Assemblage. Annal of Microscopy 13: Teng, S.T., Lim, P.T., Lim, H.C., Leaw, C.P. (2013) The genus Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) in Malaysia, including new records and a key to species inferred from morphology-based phylogeny. Botanica Marina DOI /bot [IF: ISI] 3. Lim, H.C., Teng, S.T., Leaw, C.P., Lim, P.T. (2013) Three novel species in the Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima complex: P. batesiana sp. nov., P. lundholmiae sp. nov. and P. fukuyoi sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), from the Strait of Malacca, Malaysia. Journal of Phycology DOI: /jpy [IF: ISI] 4. Kon, Y.F., Hii, K.S., Tan, T.H., Yek, L.H., Lim, P.T., Leaw, C.P. (2013) First report of marine dinoflagellate, Alexandrium tamutum (Dinophyceae) from Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Science 32:81-88 [Scopus] 5. Yek, L.H., Hii, K.S., Tan, T.H., Kon, N.F., Lim, P.T., Leaw, C.P. (2013) Rapid Detection of Toxic Dinoflagellate, Alexandrium Minutum (Dinophyceae) Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (Fish) Malaysian Journal of Science 32: [Scopus] 6. Teng, S.T., Lim, H.C., Lim, P.T., Dao, V.H., Bates, S.S., Leaw, c.p Pseudo-nitzschia kodamae sp. Nov. (Bacillariophyceae), a toxigenic species from the Strait of Malacca, Malaysia. Harmful Algae 34: [IF: 2.9 ISI] 7. Kremp, A., Tahvanainen, P., Litaker, W., Krock, B., Suikkanen, S., Leaw, C.P., Tomas, C Phylogenetic relationships, morphological variation, and toxin patterns in the Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) complex: implications for species boundaries and identities. Journal of Phycology. 50: DOI: /jpy [IF: ISI]

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