Agricultural Biotechnology International Conference September 12-15, 2010, Saskatoon, SK, Canada One Health Concept

Transcription

1 Agricultural Biotechnology International Conference September 12-15, 2010, Saskatoon, SK, Canada One Health Concept Cyril G. Gay, DVM, PhD Senior National Program Leader Animal Production and Protection Agricultural Research Service

2 Presentation Outline What is One Health? Who is leading the One Health movement? One Health Initiative One Health in Action Opportunities

3 Presentation Outline What is One Health? Who is leading the One Health movement? One Health Initiative One Health in Action Opportunities

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5 One Health Concept Linking human, animal and environmental health The One Health Concept is a worldwide strategy for expanding interdisciplinary collaborations and communications in all aspects of health care for humans, animals and the environment. The synergism achieved will advance health care in the 21st century and beyond by accelerating biomedical research discoveries, enhancing public health efficacy, and expeditiously expanding the scientific knowledge base. When properly implemented, it will help protect and save untold millions of lives in our present and future generations.

6 Pioneers of One Health In 1864 Dr. Chambon, a physician, succeeded in obtaining vaccination material from heifers and then a medical officer by the name of Vaillard was able to set up in Paris, at the Val de Grace Hospital, the first vaccination institute for the military using vaccine pulp that had been preserved with glycerol.

7 Pioneers of One Health Impact One of the founders of microbiology Coined the term Vaccine Germ theory Silk Worm industry Wine industry Pasteurization ( )

8 Pioneers of One Health Impact USDA Bureau of Animal Industry Cattle Tick Fever Water sanitation Comparative pathology ( )

9 Pioneers of One Health Jean-Marie Camille Guérin Impact Tuberculosis BCG Vaccine ( ) ( )

10 Pioneers of One Health Important Contributions from Veterinarians Henri-Mamer-Onésime Delafond ( ) - Anthrax Jean-Joseph-Henri Toussaint ( ) - Fowl Cholera Bernhard Lauritz Frederik Bang ( ) Brucellosis Jean-Marie Camille Guérin ( ) Tuberculosis Robert Royston Amos Coombs ( ) - Coombs Test Peter Charles Doherty ( Present) - Immunology

11 Presentation Outline What is One Health? Who is leading the One Health movement? One Health Initiative One Health in Action Opportunities

12 American Medical Veterinary Association American Medical Association Definition of One Health One Health is the collaborative effort of multiple disciplinesworking locally, nationally, and globally to attain optimal health for people, animals and our environment. Vision Statement To promote and improve the health of humans, animals and our environment, individually and collectively, by encouraging and ensuring the acceptance and adoption of One Health and its associated activities.

13 Scope of One Health The scope of One Health is impressive, broad, and growing agro-and bio-terrorism animal agriculture and animal sciences antimicrobial resistance basic and translational research biomedical research clinical medicine combating existing and emerging diseases and zoonoses comparative medicine conservation medicine diagnosis, surveillance, control, response and recovery entomology food safety and security global food and water systems global trade and commerce

14 Scope of One Health The scope of One Health (cont.) health of the environment and environmental preservation implications of climate change infectious disease ecology integrated systems for detection land use and production systems and practice microbiology education occupational health public awareness and public communications public health and public policy regulatory enforcement scientific discovery and knowledge creation support of biodiversity veterinary and environment health wildlife promotion and protection

15 U.S Department of the Interior Zoonotic and environmentally-transmitted diseases present potential public health, resource, and economic risks.

16 European Commission

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18 International Atomic Energy Agency

19 FAO-OIE-WHO Committed to working more closely together to align activities related to the animalhuman-ecosystems Interfaces. MISSION: A world capable of preventing, detecting, containing, eliminating, and responding to animal and public health risks attributable to zoonoses and animal diseases with an impact on food security through multisectoral cooperation and strong partnerships.

20 Presentation Outline What is One Health? Who is leading the One Health movement? One Health Initiative One Health in Action Opportunities

21 One Health Initiative

22 One Health Initiative Mission: Recognizing that human health (including mental health via the humananimal bond phenomenon), animal health, and ecosystem health are inextricably linked, One Health seeks to promote, improve, and defend the health and well-being of all species by enhancing cooperation and collaboration between physicians, veterinarians, other scientific health and environmental professionals and by promoting strengths in leadership and management to achieve these goals. Vision: One Health is dedicated to improving the lives of all species human and animal through the integration of human medicine, veterinary medicine and environmental science.

23 One Health Initiative One Health shall be achieved through: 1. Joint educational efforts between human medical, veterinary medical schools, and schools of public health and the environment; 2. Joint communication efforts in journals, at conferences, and via allied health networks; 3. Joint efforts in clinical care through the assessment, treatment and prevention of cross-species disease transmission; 4. Joint cross-species disease surveillance and control efforts in public health; 5. Joint efforts in better understanding of cross-species disease transmission through comparative medicine and environmental research; 6. Joint efforts in the development and evaluation of new diagnostic methods, medicines and vaccines for the prevention and control of diseases across species and; 7. Joint efforts to inform and educate political leaders and the public sector through accurate media publications.

24 Presentation Outline What is One Health? Who is leading the One Health movement? One Health Initiative One Health in Action Opportunities

25 Epidemic Dynamics The Human-Animal Interface. From: Lloyd-Smith, J O, George, D, Pepin, K M, Pitzer, V E, Pulliam, J R C, Dobson, A P, Hudson, P J, and Grenfell, B T (2009) Epidemic dynamics at the human-animal interface, Science 326: (4 December 2009), Figures 1A and 1B.

26 Henipavirus - Key Information Paramyxoviridae with wide host range New virus classification Henipavirus Two viruses Hendra and Nipah virus Wildlife reservoir - bats Zoonotic (40 percent mortality) Exposure from domestic animals or direct human-to-human transmission Nipah virus outbreaks in Malaysia Hendra virus outbreaks in Australia

27 Henipavirus Transmission HeV NiV Malaysia NiV Bangladesh

28 Henipavirus One Health Research One Health Collaborators: HHS Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, U.S Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, AU National Center for Foreign Animal Diseases, Winnipeg, CA Merial, Athens, U.S Veterinary College, Iowa State University Bossart K. N., Crameri G., Dimitrov A. S., Mungall B. A., Feng Y-R, Patch J. R., Choudhary A., Wang L-F., Eaton B. T., and Broder C. C. (2005). Receptor Binding, Fusion Inhibition, and Induction of Cross-Reactive Neutralizing Antibodies by a Soluble G Glycoprotein of Hendra Virus. J Virol.; 79(11): Mungall B. A., Middleton D., Crameri, G., Bingham J., Halpin K., Russell, G., Green D., McEachern J., Pritchard L. I., Eaton B. T., Wang L-F., Bossart K. N., and Broder C. C. (2006). Feline Model of Acute Nipah Virus Infection and Protection with a Soluble Glycoprotein-Based Subunit Vaccine. J Virol.; 80(24): Weingartl H. M., Berhane Y., Caswell J. L., Loosmore S., Audonnet J-C., Roth J. A., and Czub M. (2006). Recombinant Nipah Virus Vaccines Protect Pigs against Challenge. J Virol.; 80 (16):

29 Rift Valley Fever - Key Information Mosquito-transmitted viral disease Zoonotic (insect bites or direct contact with animals) Ruminants and humans amplify the virus Rapid short viremia Wild-life reservoir - Unknown Mosquito transovarial (vertical) transmission Vector competence Knowledge incomplete

30 Rift Valley Fever Transmission

31 Rift Valley Fever One Health Research One Health Collaborators: USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, MD, USA University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, U.S Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, U.S National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Gauteng, SA Agricultural Research Service, USDA Department of Homeland Security, S&T, Washington DC Morrill J.C, Mebus C.A, Peters C.J. (1997). Safety and efficacy of a mutagenattenuated Rift Valley fever virus vaccine in cattle. American Journal of Veterinary Research 1997 Oct;58(10): Turell M.J, Dohm D.J, Mores C.N, Terracina L., Wallette D.L Jr, Hribar L.J, Pecor J.E, Blow J.A.(2008). Potential for North American mosquitoes to transmit Rift Valley fever virus. J Am Mosq Control Assoc Dec;24(4): Bird BH, Albariño CG, Hartman AL, Erickson BR, Ksiazek TG, Nichol ST. (2008). Rift valley fever virus lacking the NSs and NSm genes is highly attenuated, confers protective immunity from virulent virus challenge, and allows for differential identification of infected and vaccinated animals. J Virol.; 82(6):

32 Presentation Outline What is One Health? Who is leading the One Health movement? One Health Initiative One Health in Action Opportunities

33 Leadership

34 Funding

35 Opportunities Animal Health Research 1. Animal diseases impact economies and public health The incidence of certain livestock diseases such as the highly contagious Foot- and-mouth Disease (FMD) can have significant impact on economies and global food security. Trade consequences from an FMD introduction into the U.S include projected losses at more than $37 Billion. Some disease conditions that affect only animals still have wide consequences on human health by having major consequences on the food supply chain and on the economies of countries dependent on animal agriculture. A significant number of animal diseases are also zoonotic diseases that pose a significant threat to public health and require an integrated approach to disease control.

36 Opportunities Animal Health Research 2. Animal health research contributions to public health Comparative medicine and associated scientific disciplines Infection models in relevant animal host species Epidemiology and ecology of biological threat agents Molecular vaccines designed for control and eradication Diagnostics for disease surveillance, control, and recovery Biotherapeutics and alternatives to antibiotics Genomics tools to understand host-pathogen interactions, mechanisms of disease transmission, immune evasion, and disease susceptibility Veterinary countermeasures to control diseases at the source is the most cost-effective means of controlling zoonoses

37 Conclusion What is One Health? Who is leading the One Health movement? One Health Initiative One Health in Action Opportunities

38 Thank you!