CURRICULUM VITAE. 2.POSITION: Professor

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1 CURRICULUM VITAE 1.NAME: Lilly Caroline Bebora (Mrs); BVM, MSc, PhD (Veterinary microbiologist, immunologist; specialist in poultry diseases) 2.POSITION: Professor 3. CONTACT ADDRESS: University of Nairob College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology P.O. Box Kangemi, Nairobi, Kenya 4. TELEPHONE NUMBER: ADDRESS; 6. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND (a)schools attended : Alliance Girls High School, Kikuyu. Did Higher School Certificate Examination in 1969, and passed : Baptist High School, Mombasa. Did Cambridge School Certificate Examination in 1967, and passed with Division One : Buxton Intermediate School, Mombasa. Did Kenya Preliminary Education Examination in 1963, and passed : Freretown Primary School, Mombasa. Did Common Entrance Examination in 1959, and passed 1

2 (b)university qualifications (i) PhD in Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology (1988) University of Nairobi (ii) MSc in Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology (1979) University of Nairobi (iii) Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine (BVM) (1976) University of Nairobi 7. CAREER RECORD Present position Professor (Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology), University of Nairobi Appointments and Promotions Employed at the University of Nairobi since August 1976, first as assistant lecturer ( /11/79), then as lecturer (29/11/79-16/12/88), then as senior lecturer (16/12/88-May 2002), then as Associate Professor (May 2002 May 2013), now as full Professor (May 2013 to date) 8. AREAS OF SPECIALISATION AND RESEARCH INTERESTS (i) Veterinary microbiology (bacteriology and mycology) and respective immunology; particular interest in Salmonella and E. coli bacteria (ii) Antibiotic sensitivity testing of various bacteria (iii) Zoonotic and Food microbiology; Food safety (iv)poultry disease diagnosis, prevention and control 9. EXPERIENCE 9.1 Research (i) Have researched extensively in various aspects of microbiology (and/or immunology) in various animals (mostly in poultry), and disseminated the respective research findings through publications in refereed journals (73 publications) and also through participation in scientific conferences and seminars (60 presentations). Currently 2 books on microbiology (co-authored with Drs. Odongo, Kagunya and Prof. Mbuthia of the department) are undergoing publishing by the University of Nairobi Press. They are entitled Bacteriology and mycology handbook for veterinary students and Bacteriology and mycology manual for veterinary students. Another book on Poultry management, nutrition and disease, solely published by me, is ready for publication. (ii) Have supervised postgraduate students (both MSc and PhD) in researches and thesis writing: 21 MSc and 8 PhD finished; 4 MSc and 4 PhD ongoing 2

3 9.2 Teaching Have 42 years experience in teaching, as follows: UNDERGRADUATES (i) Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine 2 nd year students: Microbiology (Bacteriology and Mycology) and Immunology 3 rd year students: Disease description, Avian post-mortem 4 th year students: Differential diagnosis in avian medicine and avian post-mortem 5 th year students: Clinical exposure in poultry disease diagnosis, prevention and control (ii) BSc in Biomedical Technology (up to year 2013) Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology (iii) BSc in Wildlife management and Tourism Aetiology of disease (iv) BSc in Biochemistry Bacteriology and Mycology (v) BSc in Agriculture (Animal health option) Aetiology of disease POSTGRADUATES (MSc coursework) (i) For all above-mentioned programmes -Advanced bacteriology and/or mycology -Advanced immunology and/or Vaccinology -Host-bacterial/fungal relationship -Bacterial/fungal epidemiology -Advanced laboratory techniques -Laboratory safety and quality control 3

4 (ii)for students taking MSc in Pathology and diagnostics Pathology of poultry diseases (iii) For students of MSc in veterinary epidemiology and economics (MVEE) (run by department of Public Health Pharmacology and Toxicology) Poultry disease prevention and control 9.3 Diagnostics (i) Diagnostic bacteriology: Specimen processing, bacterial identification, antibiotic/disinfectant sensitivity testing (ii) Poultry disease diagnosis both clinical and pathological (departmental poultry clinic) 9.4 Consultancy (i) Bacteriology and mycology (including respective immunology and antibiotic sensitivity testing) (ii) Poultry management, disease diagnosis, prevention and control 9.5 Examinations (vii) Setting examinations for undergraduate students, respective marking and processing of the marks (vi) Setting examinations for postgraduate students, respective marking and processing of the marks (v) Appointed external examiner for undergraduate and postgraduate (thesis) students:- Undergraduates (a) Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania ( ) (b) Makerere University, Uganda ( ) (c) University of Zimbabwe ( ); (2017 to date) 4

5 Postgraduates Served as external examiner for theses from Sokoine University, Tanzania; Kenyatta University and Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Kenya. Kenyatta University and JKUAT still send me theses for examination. (iv) Appointed examination moderator (for both undergraduate and postgraduate students) for School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Dept. of Microbiology and Parasitology, severally (for over 6 years up to year 2009) (iii) Appointed Internal Examiner for several MSc and PhD theses for students at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, as well as at School of Medicine, University of Nairobi (ii) Appointed Board Member for several MSc and PhD thesis defences at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and School of Medicine, University of Nairobi (i) Reviewed papers for promotion to Associate Professorial position as follows:- (a) One for University of Ghana (2017) (b) Three for University of Nigeria: - year 2011, 2014 (c) Two for University of Zimbabwe years 2011; 2013 (d) One for Makerere University, Uganda (e) One for Sokoine University 9.6 Curriculum development and reviews (vi) Have been involved in developing curricula for several undergraduate and postgraduate academic programmes. In particular, have developed 5 MSc programs (+ respective PhD ones): MSc in Bacteriology MSc in Virology MSc in Mycology MSc in Immunology MSc in Poultry Health Management The first three are ongoing (currently being reviewed); the latter 2 are at advanced stage of processing, awaiting clearance by the University Senate 5

6 (v) I am also continuously involved in reviews of other running curricula (undergraduate and postgraduate) (iv) Have also actively participated in formulating practical manuals to suit the various groups of students. (iii) 20 and : Attended UoN/UNIDO Food safety curricula development workshop, for MSc, Diploma, Certificate and Short courses, to be launched at the Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nairobi; held at Jacaranda hotel, Nairobi, Kenya (ii) : Attended Stakeholders workshop on curricula for Certificate, Diploma, Bachelors degree, Masters degree and PhD in Leather Technology; to be launched at the University of Nairobi, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; held at Holiday Inn, Nairobi, Kenya (i) 08.12,2009: Participated in a one-day workshop on curriculum development in Natural Products Technology and Value Chain Management, held at KCB centre, Karen; organized by University of Nairobi and RISE-AFFNET 9.7 Microbiology, Immunology and Antibiotic/Disinfectant susceptibility/resistance testing, etc (xi) nd December 2017: Workshop for Review and Development of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) awareness messages in Machakos (x) 4-8 th December 2017; rd February 2018: Workshops to Develop the Agriculture Sector National Plan for Surveillance of AMR in Nakuru (ix) 3 rd to 5 th October 2017: Attended Regional meeting on AMR, AM residues and surveillance mainly to map-up surveillance system for the region held at Jacaranda hotel, Nairobi, Kenya organized by FAO (viii) Was part of the taskforce that formulated the AMR National policy, AMR National action plan and AMR National surveillance strategy, aimed at reduction of antimicrobial usage for subsequent reduction of AMR They were launched during the Global AMR awareness week; , by PS Ministry of Livestock and Cs Ministry of Health at Kenyatta National Hospital grounds 6

7 (vii) TH November 2014: Attended workshop held to prepare roadmap for reduction of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animals held at the National Veterinary Laboratories Kabete (facilitated by EDES and Director of Veterinary Services) (vi) Is a member of the GARP (Global Antimicrobial Resistance Partnership) group, Kenyan chapter, which has joined effort with the World bodies to fight further development of antimicrobial resistance. (v) Teaching various aspects of microbiology, immunology and antibiotic/disinfectant susceptibility/resistance (for 39 years) (iv) Together with others, running departmental Microbiology laboratory, where various clinical specimens are processed and tested for antibiotic (and sometimes disinfectant) susceptibility/resistance (iii) Have supervised several MSc and PhD students on researches on various microorganisms in various animals, mostly poultry Have also supervised research projects carried out by final-year students taking BSc in Biomedical Technology and Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine (ii) Have published a number of papers on this in refereed journals, as given in the list of publications (i)two books, as given below, are already accepted for publication by the University of Nairobi Press: (1) Bebora L.C., Odongo M.O., Karaba W.W., Mbuthia P.G. and Kagunya D.K.: Bacteriology and Mycology Laboratory Manual for veterinary students (2) Odongo M.O., Bebora L.C., Karaba W.W., Mbuthia P.G. and Kagunya D.K.: Bacteriology and Mycology Handbook for veterinary students 9.8 Poultry disease diagnosis, prevention and control (ix) Teaching poultry disease description, diagnosis, prevention and control to students taking Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine (for 39 years) (viii) Together with others, running departmental poultry clinic where poultry disease diagnosis is done, followed by consultative interaction with the respective farmer 7

8 (vii) Have supervised several MSc and PhD students in researches based on poultry diseases (vi) 6 th August 2014: Organized a poultry training workshop on Practical approaches for diagnosis and treatment of poultry diseases ; held at the department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi; supported by University of Nairobi and Kenya Veterinary Board (v) Participated in the Kenya Veterinary Association (KVA) continuing education seminar (refresher course) on poultry keeping (1988). Made presentation on the various poultry Diseases (iv) Participated in the continuing education (refresher course) on poultry diseases, held on 1-2 nd July 2005; organized by Kenya Veterinary Board (sponsored by Kenchic, Intervet, etc). Made presentation on poultry post-mortem examination procedure and various lesions associated with poultry diseases. (iii) Have given talks on poultry diseases and treatment when various drug companies were launching their new drugs or holding informative fora, and to some of the KVA sub-branches. Latest one was between 21 st and 22 nd October 2015, when I articipated in launching of a drug, Denagard, marketed by ELANCO, a South African company, in partnership with Ultravetis, for treating mycoplasmosis (Chronic respiratory disease) in chickens - gave a presentation on causes and manifestations of the disease. The venues were Nakuru, Naivasha and Nairobi. (ii) Have published a number of papers on this in refereed journals, as given in the list of publications (i) One book entitled: Poultry keeping: A complete book on management, nutrition and disease control is ready for publication This is part of efforts to increase poultry production for the sake of food security and economic empowerment of the farmer 9.9 Postgraduate student administration and supervision (xi) Currently Chairperson, Faculty of veterinary medicine postgraduate studies committee (from year 2008) 8

9 (x) Currently coordinator of postgraduate activities in the departmental Microbiology section (from year 2008) (ix) Attended Phases I and II of Training of Trainers training workshop on PhD Supervision (which can also be applied to MSc supervision), in years 2009 (7-11 th September) and 2010 (4-8 th January), respectively; at Moshi and Arusha, Tanzania, respectively. The course was funded by PREPARE PhD project (EU). I can, therefore, organize and run such a course. So far, I and others have carried out four such trainings for our colleagues at the University of Nairobi (viii) Involved in revising Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Rules and Regulations for MSc and PhD training; including formats for proposal and thesis writing * (vii) Involved in developing bench marks and rules of operation for the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Postgraduate Studies Committee, in order to improve its efficiency (vi) Two books on PhD supervision and guidelines are published listed at end of CV (v) Have supervised to completion 21 MSc and 8 PhD students. Currently supervising 4 PhD and 4 MSc Students (iv) Have also helped many students, not under my supervision, in their laboratory work; some of who have acknowledged me in their theses. (iii) Since mid 2008 to December 2011: Continuously attended meetings/workshops organized by PREPARE PhD project held variously in Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya (ii) 10 th December 2013: Attended a sensitization workshop for University of Nairobi senior managers (University Management Board, Senate, Chairpersons of Faculty Postgraduate Studies Committees) on postgraduate matters; organized by Office of University of Nairobi Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research, Production and Extension) and Board of Postgraduate Studies, held at the University of Nairobi (i) 1-6 th December 2008: Visited University of Copenhagen, Denmark, to see how they manage their PhD courses and students. The trip was funded by PREPARE PhD project (EU) 9

10 9.10 Food safety (xv) st October 2014: Attended a Regional Technical Workshop on food safety, with respect to Early warning capabilities/systems; held at Jacaranda Hotel, Nairobi, Kenya; organized by FAO and AU-IBAR (xiv) 6 th August 2014: Organized a poultry training workshop on Practical approaches for diagnosis and treatment of poultry diseases ; held at the department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi; supported by University of Nairobi and Kenya Veterinary Board (xiii) th December 2012: Attended a One health quality assurance workshop, held at La Mada hotel, Kiambu road, Nairobi; organized by OHCEA (xii) 5 th December 2012: Attended a one-day workshop on Urban agriculture and food safety, at Jacaranda hotel, Westlands, Nairobi; organized by UNIDO/UoN (xi) : Participated in a one-day workshop on Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture and Food safety: Measures to reduce food safety risks in peri-urban leafy vegetables value chains, at Jacaranda hotel, Westlands, Nairobi, Kenya. Co-organised by Swedish university of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) and University of Nairobi. (x) : Attended a two-day regional workshop on Poultry biosecurity guidelines, organised by FAO-ECTAD, in Bujumbura, Burundi (ix) 29 th April to 8 th May 2009: Attended a training on Poultry Health and Development; held at Agricultural Information Center, Nairobi. The course was organized by University of Nairobi, Kenya Government, UC Davis, and CRSP (viii) Attended WHO/CDC Global Salmonella Surveillance (GSS) Training course for Central and Eastern Africa, held at KEMRI, Kenya Levels I, II and III in years 2007 (29 th October to 3 rd November), 2009 (19 th to 24 th January) and 2010 (1 st to 6 th November), respectively. The courses were on Food-borne disease surveillance and antimicrobial resistance testing, and included Salmonella, Vibrio, Shigella and Campylobacter (vii) 26-29/11/2007: Attended Bovine tuberculosis network workshop, held in Arusha, Tanzania; organized by Wellcome Trust 10

11 (vi) 31/10/2003 1/11/2003: Attended 2 nd Poultry Network Workshop, held at ILRI, Nairobi; financed by DANIDA (v) : Annual Scientific meetings cum workshops for IHEPRUCA (Improving the health and productivity of the urban chickens in Africa), held at different venues, including Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya (iv) Have attended several sessions organized by poultry/pharmaceutical organizations, for example: Agriner Poultry, Intervet E.A. Ltd, ELANCO, which were addressed by several guest speakers, on various issues including poultry management, drug dynamics, birds immunological responses, vaccinations, etc. I also gave presentations on coccidiosis, salmonellosis, mycoplasmosis. (iii) Have also learnt a lot through listening to other papers presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Scientific conferences (10 to date); at the Poultry continuing education course organized by the Kenya Veterinary Board (sponsored by Kenchic, Intervet, etc) in year 2005, and the one organized by us on 6 th August (ii) A number of my MSc and PhD students have worked on issues of microbial food safety, in terms of vegetables, especially with respect to usage of wastewater for irrigation, and products from various animals, especially poultry. Trainings/Workshops on poultry are part of efforts to increase production for the sake of food security and economic empowerment of the farmer; and also for the sake of food security (i) ) Two books on milk hygiene published: Gitao G.C, Bebora L.C. and Wanjohi G. (2014): Camel Hygiene: Analysis of camel milk contamination in Garissa and Wajir counties in Kenya. Lambert Academic Publishing - ISBN Gitao C.G, Mbindyo C. and Bebora L.C. (2014): Dairy goat milk hygiene: Analyses in Mt. Kenya region. Lambert Academic Publishing - ISBN OTHER EXPERIENCES 10.1 Administration (ix) Acted as Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine 22 nd November to 31 st October

12 (viii) Served as member of University of Nairobi Council, representing College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences ( ) (vii) Served as Chairman, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Nairobi, for six years (mid January 1998 end February 2004) (vi) Served as member of University of Nairobi Senate for the six years I was departmental chairman. Now attending as representative for College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences. (v) Serving as member of the College Academic Board (CAVS), from year 1998 to date (iv) Served as coordinator of Microbiology Section, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, from 2/1/86 to mid January 1998 (12 years). (iii Have served in various Faculty and Departmental committees, on academic and administrative matters:- Committees at Faculty level (a) Committee set to discuss guidelines for scientific publications (b) Committee set to discuss introduction of fish medicine into the Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine (BVM) curriculum (c) University editorial committee (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine) for 3 years (d) Faculty biennial scientific conference planning committee (1998 to 2008) (e) Planning committee for the workshop on strategic planning (f) Faculty Postgraduate Studies Committee (2004 to date). Now serving as Chairperson for the committee Committees at departmental level (a) Committee to look into possible money generating projects (continuing) I m heading the group (b) Agricultural Society of Kenya (show) committee, with respect to University s participation 12

13 (c) Staff welfare committee (up to 2004 = for 6 years) (d) Curriculum committee (briefly) (e) Committee to draw strategic plan for the department (f) Departmental postgraduate studies committee (continuing) (ii) Acted as Dean s representative to the Deans grants science-based subcommittee (up to May, 1999) (i) Served as Chairperson, Poultry subcommittee, Agricultural Society of Kenya (ASK), Nairobi Branch, from 1998 to The subcommittee was expanded in 2004 to include pigs (Pigs and Poultry subcommittee) 10.2 Editorial (iv) Member of editorial committee Kenya veterinary association journal, Kenya veterinarian, for six years (iii) Have reviewed papers for: Avian Pathology journal Bio Med Central: The Open Access Publisher Kenya veterinarian Discovery and Innovation journal African Academy of Sciences (journal) African journal of laboratory medicine (AJLM) (ii) Have reviewed research proposals (for funding) for the following scientific organizations:- (a) National council for science and technology (b) Rockfeller Foundation (i) Nominated to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Editorial Board for 3 years 13

14 10.3 Appointments to special taskforces/advisory committees for the faculty/department, etc Ministry of Health appointment 20 th December 2015: Appointed to join the Ministry of Health Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and National Action Plan Technical Working Group Presidential appointment October 2015: Appointed as Board member for Kenya Veterinary Vaccines Institute (KEVEVAPI) Now appointed Chairman of the Board s Technical subcommittee and Member of the Board s Audit subcommittee Faculty ones (ii) : Appointed as member of the Faculty advisory committee, Ref: Application for award of Doctor of Science degree of University of Nairobi (i) : Appointed to Faculty Brainstorming Taskforce to study and make recommendations on how the Faculty may accommodate Participatory Epidemiology in the BVM and Masters curricula Departmental ones (ii) : Taskforce to review charges on all laboratory services rendered by the Department (i) Year-2010: Task force to review departmental strategic plan for period Other workshops attended (x) th February Workshop to draft strategic plan for KEVEVAPI for period at Fish Eagle Inn Naivasha (ix) th December 2015: Attended e-writers workshop held at University of Nairobi, Central catering unit (CCU). 14

15 (viii) th October 2015: Attended a proposal writing workshop at Convent International Guest house, Lavington, organized by One Health Initiative, OHCEA.. (vii) rd June 2011: Attended a STRAPA strategic planning workshop, held at Arusha, Tanzania (vi) : Attended a consultative meeting on how to strengthen and improve academic programs/related activities at the University of Nairobi, at the Council Chamber, University of Nairobi (meeting of non-senate-attending professors) (v : Attended a consultative workshop on women scientists of University of Nairobi, at the Council Chamber, University of Nairobi (iv) 19-25/11/2006: Attended a Training workshop on Proposal and Scientific writing, at KCB training centre, Karen, Nairobi; organized by UoN, CAVS (iii) 26-28/8/2005: Attended a workshop on Curriculum reviews, held at Kenya Wildlife Training Institute, Naivasha; organized by Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (ii) 10-14/9/2003: Attended a workshop to deliberate on the Faculty Strategic Plan (5-year plan; ), held at Aberdares Country Club, Kenya (i) 1-7/11/1998: 1 st Eastern and Southern African Women Veterinarians Workshop, held in Nairobi. Theme: Beyond the year 2000 ; organized by the Kenya Women Veterinary Association (KWVA) Other continuing education sessions attended (Xiii) 6-8 th November 2017: Risk management and assurance training for Board members and senior managers at Panari Hotel Nairobi (xii) 28 th September 5 th December, 2015: Attended State Corporation Boards Induction session at Mombasa Continental Resort, Mombasa (xi) nd November 2015 Attended the 4 th IPNET (Infection prevention network) regional conference (21 countries participated), followed by GARP (Global Antimicrobial Resistance Partnership) workshop, held at Enashipai Hotel, Naivasha. 15

16 (x) 28 th -31 st October 2015: Attended Induction of Boards of State Corporations at Mombasa Continental Resort, Mombasa I am a Board member for Kenya Veterinary Vaccines Institute (KEVEVAPI) (ix) Attended a two-day training workshop on Trends in Veterinary Parasitology 10 & 11 th August 2011, held at the department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Nairobi. Co-organised by University of Nairobi and Kenya Veterinary Board (viii) Attended one-day training workshop on Forensic Veterinary Science 18 th May 2011,, held at the department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Nairobi. Co-organised by University of Nairobi and Kenya Veterinary Board. (vii) 9 th November 2010: Attended training for e-resources, at College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (CAVS), University of Nairobi. (vi) Attended course on Performance Enhancement Strategies, held at the University of Nairobi, 31 st January The course was jointly organised by University of Nairobi and Empowerment Resource Technologies Ltd. (v) Attended a one-day training at Taifa Hall, University of Nairobi, on Rapid Results Initiative, on 27/11/2007 (iv) Attended the address by the Principal, CAVS, on Academic mentorship (2007) (iii) Attended staff training on new performance appraisal tools, on 13 th December, 2007, at CAVS (ii) Attended a training course on running and management of culture collections in Brno, Czechoslovakia (July 6-18, 1981) (i) Attended the 4 th International Conference on culture collections held in Brno, Czechoslovakia (July 20-24, 1981) 10.6 Miscellaneous activities (viii) Have been involved in various other activities: *inspection of Animal Health programs offered by various universities, as mandated 16

17 by the Kenya Veterinary Board, as part of quality assurance and standardization exercise *preparation of seed bacteria for Fowl typhoid vaccine for chickens *preparation of stained antigen for quick screening for fowl typhoid in chickens *continually testing the various disinfectants in Kenyan market, through student projects, and advising Chief technologist on the effective ones (vii) 6 th August 2014: Successfully organized a poultry training workshop on Practical approaches for diagnosis and treatment of poultry diseases ; held at the department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi; supported by University of Nairobi and Kenya Veterinary Board (vi) 4 th December 2013: Successfully organized an end-of-research project feedback workshop at Mbeere, Eastern Province. (v) th December 2013: Was part of Kenya Veterinary Board s team (task force) that inspected Animal health diploma course offered by Mount Kenya University (iv) Have sat in a number of staff appointments committees at the University of Nairobi (iii Had temporary employment with Ministry of Health, National Research Laboratories, Kenyatta National Hospital (December March 1970), where I worked in Blood Bank section, doing blood grouping and cross-matching (ii) Worked with Shell Chemical (K) Ltd. (April 1970 May 1972), where I helped with field work, including testing the efficacy of various acaricides (i) Spent sabbatical leave of 9 months (1/3/92 30/11/92) attached to KEMRI, Microbiology section. I worked on common causes of bacterial diarrhea in children, with emphasis on E. coli, Salmonella and Shigella; covering general bacteriology, toxicology, serology, plasmid extraction and separation, DNA DNA hybridization, and PCR 11.RESEARCH FUNDINGS INVOLVED IN: ( 4 funded by RUFORUM) (4) Title: Enhancing indigenous village and smallholder commercial chicken productivity through use of effective Gumboro disease vaccination regimes and immune 17

18 stimulants in Kenya As co-researcher + others from the University of Nairobi and Ministry of Livestock Development PI: Dr. Lucy Njagi,, University of Nairobi Ongoing (3) Title: Determining the prevalence of brucellosis in livestock in selected pastoral/agropastoral areas in Kenya and evaluating the efficacy of rapid diagnostic kits used for diagnosis of brucellosis in humans As co-researcher + others from the University of Nairobi and Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation PI: Dr. Lilian W. Waiboci, Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi Completed (2)Title: Enhancing village chicken productivity through parasite management for effective Newcastle disease vaccination in Eastern province, Kenya. As PI Working together with others from the University of Nairobi and Ministry of Livestock Development Completed (1) Title: Developing capacity for implementing innovative PPR control strategies based on the epidemiology and socio-economic aspects of the disease in the East African region As co-researcher + others from the University of Nairobi and Ministry of Livestock Development PI: Dr. C. G. Gitao,, University of Nairobi Completed (One funded by National Council for Science and Technology) (1)Title: Controlling Infectious Bursal disease through development of local vaccines and establishing effective vaccination program As co-researcher + others from the University of Nairobi and Ministry of Livestock Development PI: Dr. Lucy Njagi,, University of Nairobi Ongoing 18

19 12. SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT (1) By participating at the Nairobi Show Poultry stand annually ( ), I mingled with poultry farmers and afforded them free consultation on poultry matters. They still consult me informally (ii) Kenya Women Veterinary Association (KWVA) is involved with communal education (educational fora) going out to educate, especially women in the field, about various aspects of veterinary interest based on the particular community s needs done at least once a year. (iii) I have participated actively towards encouraging the girl-child to excel both academically and towards life in general. I believe in establishing the rightful position of females in general, whether human or animal. I played a great part in having male and female birds competing separately at the ASK show, Nairobi. Before this, birds were competing randomly, especially at Champion levels; the males winning most of the time. (iv) Was Guest of Honour at a Prize-giving ceremony at Happy Tots Academy, Nairobi, on 19 th November, 2003 (v) As service to the people, I have translated three articles/advertisements/posters from English to Kiswahili, a language that most rural people understand. These were:- (1) one on Amitraz acaricide, (2) one on Tsetse flies and trypanosomosis and (3) one on cysticercosis, caused by Taenia solium 13. AWARDS (i) October 2015: Presidential appointment as Board member for Kenya Veterinary Vaccines Institute (KEVEVAPI) (ii) Best teacher in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine for the year 2005/2006 (iii) Member of Kenya Academy of Sciences ( from 2005) (iv) Founder member: Kenya Veterinary Board, College of Pathology (2002) (v) Consultant: Microbiology, Immuno-microbiology, Poultry specialist (awarded by Kenya Veterinary Board, College of Pathology) (2002) 19

20 (vi) Awarded 10 and 20 years service awards in years 1992 and 2002, respectively, in recognition for service to the Agricultural Society of Kenya (ASK). I am being considered for 30-year award this year. 14. MEMBERSHIP TO PROFESSIONAL BODIES (i) Kenya Veterinary Board (ii) Kenya Veterinary Association (iii) Kenya Women Veterinary Association (iv) Kenya Academy of Sciences (vii) Livestock Committee, Agricultural Society of Kenya (Pigs and Poultry subcommittee chairperson ) 15. MEMBERSHIP TO SOCIAL GROUPS (i) Musenangu Women Group composed of ladies from lower Coast. I have served as Treasurer for 15 years now. (ii) Maweni Ladies Group composed of ladies from Maweni sublocation, Mombasa district. I have served as Chairlady for 15 years now. 16. PUBLICATIONS IN REFEREED JOURNALS 73. Bwihangane A.B, Gitao C.G, Bebora L.C, Tarekegu M.G, Nicholas S, Bacigale S. and Suitek N. (2018): Mitochondrial DNA variation of indigenous goat populations from Pestedes-petits-ruminants outbreak in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. Livestock Research for Rural Development (LRRD) 30(1) 72. Bwihangane A.B, Gitao C.G, Ntagereka B.P, Christopher O. and Bebora L.C. (2017): Mixed infection of Peste-des-petits ruminants and Capripox in goats in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. J. of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research 4(4): ISSN Bwihangane A.B, Gitao C.G, Bebora L.C. and Nicholas S, (2017): Current Knowledge on Peste des petits ruminants: A comprehensive review on clinical signs, diagnostic test and vaccination. Research Opinions in Animal & Veterinary Sciences 7(3): EISSN:

21 70. Gitao C.G, Wanjohi G.M, Bebora L.C. and Muchemi G.M (2017): Camel milk quality and bacterial contamination along market chain in Wajir and Garissa counties of Kenya. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Research 4(10):1114. Open access ISSN X 69. Bwana, moses; Njagi, Lucy; Nyaga, Philip; Mbuthia, Paul; Bebora, Lily; Wahome, Margaret; Mutinda, Wanzila; Kitala, Philip (2017): Stinging Nettle and Neem enhance antibody response to local killed and imported live Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccines in Indigenous Chicken in Kenya. Poultry Science journal 97: ; Mutua J, Gitao G.C, Bebora L.C. and Mutua F. (2017): Antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from the nasal cavity of camels in Samburu, Nakuru and Isiolo counties of Kenya. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Volume 2017, Article ID , 6 pages Wahome M.W, Njagi L.W, Nyaga P.N, Bebora L.C, and Bwana M.O. (2017): Occurrence of antibodies to infectious bursal disease virus in non-vaccinated indigenous chicken, ducks and turkeys in Kenya. International journal of veterinary science 6(3): ; P-ISSN ; E-ISSN: Jean Pierre Mpatswenumugabo, Lilly Caroline Bebora, George C Gitao, Olivier Kamana, Victor A Mobegi, Blaise Iraguha and Benjamin Shumbusho (2017): Prevalence of subclinical mastitis and distribution of pathogens in dairy farms of Rubavu and Nyabihu districts, Rwanda. J. of Veterinary Medicine, Article ID pages Chege H.W, Kemboi D. C, Bebora L. C, Maingi N, Mbuthia P. G, Nyaga P. N and Njagi L. W. (2017): Efficacy of Piperazine citrate, Levamisole hydrochloride and Albendazole in the treatment of chicken naturally infected with gastrointestinal helminths. Livestock Research for Rural Development 29(5): Bwana M O, Njagi L W, Nyaga P N, Mbuthia P G, Bebora L C, Wahome M W, Mutinda W U and Kitala P M (2017): Effects of Different Infectious Bursal Disease Vaccination Regimes on Biochemical and Haematological Parameters of Indigenous Chicken in Kenya. Livestock Research for Rural Development.Volume 29, Article #103. Retrieved from (63) Mutinda W.U, Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C. and Mbuthia P.G. (2015): Vaccination against Infectious Bursal Disease fails to yield protective antibody titers in chickens in Kwale, Kenya. Kenya Veterinarian 39(1):

22 (62) Mutinda W.U, Njagi L.W, Nyaga, P.N, Bebora L.C, Mbuthia P.G, Kemboi D, Githinji J.W.K., and Muriuki A. (2015): Isolation of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Using Indigenous Chicken Embryos in Kenya. International Scholarly Research Notices, Volume 2015 (2015), Article ID , 7 pages (61) W. G. Dundon, S. M. Kihu, G. C. Gitao, L. C. Bebora, N. M. John, J. O. Oyugi, A. Loitsch and A. Diallo Detection and Genome Analysis of a Lineage III Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus in Kenya in 2011 Transboundary and Emerging diseases 1-7 DOI: /tbed Dundon W.G.,Kihu S.M.,Settypalli T.B.K.,Gitao C.G.,Bebora L.C., John N.M. Oyugi J.O., Silber R.Loitsch A., Diallo A First Complete Genome Sequence of a lineage III Peste des petitsruminants virus. Genome Announcement 2(5) doi /genomeA (60) Simon M. Kihu, George C. Gitao, Lily C Bebora, Njenga M. John, Gidraph G. Wairire, Ndichu Maingi and Raphael G. Wahome (2015): Economic losses associated with Peste des petitsruminants in Turkana County Kenya Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice 5:9 DOI /s (59) Simon M. Kihu, J. M. Gachohi, E. K. Ndungu, G. C, Gitao, L C Bebora, M.J. Njenga, G.G, Wairire, N. Maingi, R. G. Wahome and R. Ireri (2015): Sero-epidemiology of Peste Des Petits ruminants virus infection in Turkana County, Kenya BMC Veterinary Research 11:87 DOI /s (58) Kihu S.M, Gitao G.C, Bebora L.C, Njenga M J, Wairire G.G,, Maingi N, Wahome R.G. and Ireri R. (2015): Detection of Peste des pestis ruminants virus in formalin-fixed tissues. Tropical Animal Health and Production DOI /s ; ISSN (57) Kihu, S.M., Gitao G.C., Bebora, L.C., Njenga M.J., Wairire, G.G., Maingi, N., Wahome, R.G., Karanja, D.N., Oyugi, J.O., Lutomia, E. (2014): Clinical, Pathological and Molecular Investigations of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection in Goats from Turkana County in Kenya. British Journal of Virology,1(3): (56) Kihu S.M, Gitao C. G, Bebora L.C, Njenga M. J., Wairire G.G., Maingi N., Wahome R. G. (2014): Appraisal of Peste des petits ruminants disease by Turkana pastoral community of Turkana County in Kenya. American Journal of Research Communication, 2014, 2(10): } ISSN: (55) Mutinda W.U, Nyaga P.N, Mbuthia P.G, Bebora L.C. and Muchemi G. (2014): Risk factors associated with infectious bursal disease vaccination failures in broiler farms in Kenya. Tropical Animal Health Journal and Production 46(4):

23 (54) Kemboi D.C, Chege H.W, Bebora L.C, Nyaga P.N, Njagi L.W, Maingi N, Mbuthia P.G.. and Githinji J.M. (2014): Effect of parasite control on immune response to Newcastle disease vaccination in village chicken, Mbeere sub-county (Kenya0. Livestock research for Rural Development 26(2): February issue, Paper number 34 (53) Chege H.W, Kemboi D.C, Bebora L.C, Maingi N, Nyaga P.N, Mbuthia P.G, Njagi L.W. and Githinji J.M. (2014): Chicken parasites and local treatments used against them in Mbeere District, Kenya. Livestock Research for Rural Development 26(1), 2014 (52) Sabuni A.Z, Mbuthia P.G, Maingi N, Nyaga P.N, Njagi L.W, Bebora L.C. and Michieka J.N. (2013): Skin lesions associated with ectoparasitic infestation in indigenous chickens in Eastern Province of Kenya. Research Journal of Poultry Sciences 6(3): (51) Kemboi D.C, Chege H.W, Bebora L.C, Maingi N, Nyaga p.n, Mbuthia P.G, Njagi L.W. and Githinji J.M. (2013): Seasonal Newcastle disease antibody titer dynamics in village chickens of Mbeere District, Eastern Province, Kenya. Livestock Research for Rural Development (LLRD) 25(10): 1-7 (50) Wanjohi M, Gitao C.G,. and Bebora L.C. (2013): Subclinical mastitis affecting hygienic quality of marketed camel milk from North-Eastern Province, Kenya. Microbiology Research International 1(1): 6-15 (49) Kihu S.M, Gachohi J.M, Gitao C.G, Bebora L.C, Njenga M.J, Wairire G.G, Maingi N. and Wahome R.G. (2013): Analysis of small ruminants pastoral management practices as risk factors of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) spread in Turkana District, Kenya. Res. Opin. Anim. Vet. Sci. 3(9): (48) Olwande P.O, Ogara W.O, Bebora L.C. and Okuthe S.O. (2013): Comparison of economic impact of alternative constraint control measures in indigenous chicken production in Nyanza Province, Kenya. Livestock Research for Rural Development (LLRD) 25 (2): paper number 24 (47) Kihu S.M, Gitao C.G, Bebora L.C, Njenga M.J, Wairire G.G, Maingi N. and Wahome R.G. (2012): Participatory risk assessment of Peste des petit ruminants; Factor analysis of small ruminants pastoral management practices in Turkana District, Kenya. Research Opinions in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 2(9):

24 (46) Willian O, Portas O, Lily B, Samuel O, Maurice O. and Rubin O. (2012): Survey of bacterial and parasitic organisms causing disease and lowered production in indigenous chickens in Southern Nyanza, Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. 60: (45 Wanjohi M, Gitao C.G. and Bebora L.(2012): The prevalence of Brucella spp. In camel milk marketed from North-Eastern Province, Kenya. Research Opinions in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 2(7): (44) Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Mbuthia P.G. and Minga U.M. (2012: Effect of immunosuppression on Newcastle disease virus persistence in ducks with different immune status. International Scholarly Research Network (ISRN) Volume 2012, Article 1D, pages 1-6 (43) Kutto E., Ngigi M., Karanja N., Kang ethe E., Bebora L.C., Carl J., Mbuthia P.G. and Njagi L.W. (2011): Bacterial contamination of kale (Brassica okracca Accphala) along the supply chain in Nairobi and its environs. East African Medical Journal: 88(2): (42) Sabuni Z.A., Mbuthia P.G., Maingi N., Nyaga P.N., Njagi L.W., Bebora L.C. and Michieka J.K. (2011): Prevalence of haemoparasites infection in indigenous chickens in Eastern Province of Kenya. Livestock Research for Rural Development (LLRD) 23(11): 1-6 (41) Karanja D.N., Ngatia T.A., Wabacha J.K. and Bebora L.C. (2011): Cases of pig poisoning encountered naturally in smallholder farms in Nairobi and its environs. Kenya Veterinarian 35 (issue 1): (40) Karanja D.N., Ngatia T.A., Wabacha J.K., Bebora L.C. and Ng ang a C.J. (2011): Pathogenic effects associated with natural gastrointestinal helminth infections in pigs in Kenya. Bull. Anim.. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 59:53-59 (39) Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Minga U.M., Christensen J.P. and Olsen J.E. (2011): Time course investigation of infection with a low virulent Pasteurella multocida strain in normal and immune-suppressed 12-week-old free-range chickens. Avian Pathology 4096):

25 (38) Njagi L.W., Mbuthia P.G., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C. and Minga U.M. (2011): Viral nucleoprotein localization and lesions of Newcastle disease in tissues of indigenous ducks. Published on line, Tropical Animal Health and Production,IISSN , DO /S , Springer (37) Sabuni Z.A., Mbuthia P.G., Maingi N., Nyaga P.N., Njagi L.W., Bebora L.C. and Michieka J.N. (2011): Prevalence of ectoparasites infestation in indigenous free-ranging village chickens in different agro-ecological zones in Kenya. Livestock Research for Rural Development.(LRRD) journal 22 (11): (36) Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Mbuthia P.G., Bebora L.C., Michieka J.N., Kibe J.K. and Minga U.M. (2010): Prevalence of Newcastle disease virus in village indigenous chickens in varied agroecological zones in Kenya. Livestock Research for Rural Development (LRRD) 22(05): 1-9. (35) Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Mbuthia P.G., Bebora L.C., Michieka J.N. and Minga U.M. (2010): A retrospective study of factors associated with Newcastle disease outbreaks in village indigenous chickens. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa. 58(1): (34) Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Mbuthia P.G., Bebora L.C., Michieka J.N., Kibe J.K., Munene A.K. and Minga U.M. (2008): Newcastle disease virus and antibody levels in matched sera, ovules and mature eggs of indigenous village hens. Kenya Veterinarian 32 (1): 1-6 (33) Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Minga U.M., Kamundia J. and Olsen J.E. (2008): Pasteurella multocida in scavenging family chickens and ducks: carrier status, age susceptibility and transmission between species. Avian Pathology 37(1):51-57 (32) Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Bebora L.C., Mugera G.M., Ngatia T.A., Munyua W.K., Nyaga P.N., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2007): Preliminary findings on the carrier status of Pasteurella multocida in farmed and traded healthy-appearing scavenging indigenous chickens and ducks in Kenya. Kenya Veterinarian 31:1-5 (31) Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Mugera G.M., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2007): Hatchability and fertility of indigenous chicken and duck eggs, and some causes of chick and duckling mortality in Kenya. Kenya Veterinarian 31:

26 (30) Bebora L.C., Thaiya A.G., Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Ngatia T.A. and Nyaga P.N. (2006): A case of Newcastle disease in parrots in Nairobi, Kenya. Bulletin Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 55: (29) Bebora L.C., Mbuthia P.G., Macharia J.M., Mwaniki G., Njagi L.W. and Nyaga P.N. (2005): Appraisal of village chicken s potential in egg production. Kenya Veterinarian 29:10-13 (28) Bebora L.C., Oundo J.O. and Munene M.N. (2005): Isolation of enterotoxigenic E. coli from food handlers in selected tourist-class hotels in Nairobi. Kenya Veterinarian 29:14-17 (27) Bebora L.C., Bii C.C. and Waitindi H.K. (2005): Pigeon-frequented areas, garbage piles and dog faeces as possible sources of Candida and Chryptococcus infections for humans and animals. Kenya Veterinarian 29:18-20 (26) Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Mugera G.M., Kamundia J., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2005): Comparison of carrier status of P. multocida between farm and live market indigenous birds. Kenya Veterinarian 29:45-47 (25) Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Mugera G.M., Kamundia J., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2005): Comparison between fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and culture method in detection of Pasteurella multocida in organs of indigenous birds. Kenya Veterinarian 29:53-56 (24) Odongo M.O., Bebora L.C. and Njoroge G.S. (2005): Comparative evaluation of five Widal test kits used in Kenya for the serological diagnosis of typhoid fever. Kenya Veterinarian 29:94-98 (23) Mbuthia P.G., Njagi L.W., Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C., Mugera G.M, Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2005): Indigenous ducks are better reservoirs of P. multocida than indigenous chickens. Kenya Veterinarian 29: (22) Njagi L.W., Mbuthia P.G., Bebora L.C., Nyaga P.N., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2005): A study on effectiveness of seven disinfectants against possible bacterial contaminants of coops and premises inhabited by indigenous chickens and ducks. Kenya Veterinarian 29:

27 (21) Njagi L.W., Mbuthia P.G., Bebora L.C., Nyaga P.N., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2004): Carrier status for Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria species in free-range farm and market, healthy indigenous chickens and ducks. E.A. Medical Journal 81(10): (20) Njagi L.W., Mbuthia P.G., Bebora L.C., Nyaga P.N., Minga U.M. and Olsen J.E. (2004): Sensitivity of Listeria species recovered from indigenous chickens, to antibiotics and disinfectants. E.A. Medical Journal 81(10): (19) Gathumbi J.K. and Bebora L.C. (2000): Occurrence of aflatoxin in poultry tissues collected in Nairobi, Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 48:61-62 (18) Wabacha J.K., Gitau G.K., Bebora L.C., Bwanga C.O., Wamuri Z.M. and Mbithi P.M.F. (1998): Occurrence of dermatomycosis (ringworm) due to Trichophyton verrucosum in dairy calves and its spread to animal attendants. J.S. Afr. Vet. Assoc. 69(4): (17) Bebora L.C., Nyaga P.N. and Kimoro C.O. (1998): Comparison of immune responses of two Salmonella gallinarum strains viewed as possible vaccines for fowl typhoid in Kenya. Onderstepoort J. of Vet. Research 65(2):67-73 (16) Karanja M.W., Bebora L.C. and Mbugua P.N. (1998): Pathogenicity of E. coli isolated from normal healthy chickens. Kenya Veterinarian 23:87-88 (15) Bebora L.C. (1997): Role of plasmids in virulence of enteric bacteria. E.A. Medical Journal 74(7):43-45 (14) Bebora L.C. (1996): The arratic nature of Enterobacteriaceae with particular mention to the genera Escherichia, Shigella and Salmonella: A practical review. Discovery and Innovation 8(3): (13) Gathumbi J.K., Bebora L.C., Muchiri D.J. and Ngatia T.A. (1996): Mycological examination of poultry feeds used in Nairobi, Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 44:19-22 (12) Gathumbi J.K., Bebora L.C., Muchiri D.J. and Ngatia T.A. (1995): A survey of mycotoxins in poultry feeds used in Nairobi, Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 43:

28 (11) Bebora L.C., Yamamoto H., Sang W.K., Oundo J.O., Khamala J., Mwangudza A. and Mukundi P.W. (1994): Plasmid profiles of E. coli, Salmonella and Shigella organisms isolated from three districts in Kenya. E.A. Medical Journal 71(10): (10) Bebora L.C., Oundo J.O. and Yamamoto H. (1994): Resistance of E. coli strains, recovered from chickens, to various antibiotics used for treatment of humans, with particular attention to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (septrin). E.A. Medical Journal 71(10): (9) Bebora L.C., Oundo J.O., Khamala J., Saidi S., Sang W.K., Yamamoto H. and Mukundi P.W. (1993): Some E. coli strains causing septicaemia in chicks in Kenya. Kenya Veterinarian 17:1-3 (8) Gitao C.G. and Bebora L.C. (1992): Histomoniasis in a peacock. Indian Vet. Journal 69: (7) Bebora L.C. and Nyaga P.N. (1989): Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella gallinarum isolates recovered from Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. Special issue, 1989, pp (6) Kaminjolo J.S., Ayoade J.A., Makhambera T.P.E., Nyaga P.N. and Bebora L.C. (1988): Contagious ecthyma in a boer goat: short communication. Bull Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 36:83-85 (5) Bebora L.C. (1987): Common poisons poultry. Kenya Veterinarian 11:7-8 (4) Nyaga P.N., Bebora L.C. and Kaminjolo J.S. (1985): Occurrence of Shigella dysenteriae-3 in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) in Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 33: (3) Bebora L.C., Waiyaki P.G. and Kamonjolo J.S. (1979): A bacteriological and serological survey of avian salmonellosis in four farms and a slaughterhouse. Kenya Veterinarian 3(2):36-38 (2) Bebora L.C., Waiyaki P.G. and Kaminjolo J.S. (1979): Occurrence of Proteus ammoniae in domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). Kenya Veterinarian 3(2): (1) Nyaga P.N., Kaminjolo J.S., Mutiga E.R. and Bebora L.C. (1979): Occurrence of atypical fowl pox in poultry farms in Kenya. Avian Diseases 23: