Programme Factsheet 2016 Tanzania

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Phillip Phillips
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1 Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene For All Programme Programme Factsheet Tanzania In December, % of the households under the Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene For All Results Programme (SSHA-RP) were found to have access to sanitation within Arusha Rural, Monduli, Msalala/Kahama, Itilima, Misungwi, Maswa, Shinyanga, and Hanang districts in Tanzania. The Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene For All (SSHA) is SNV s approach to ensure equitable and sustainable access to improved sanitation and hygiene. We do this by supporting district-wide rural sanitation and hygiene services. Developed since in Asia, the SSHA approach is currently being implemented and scaled up across countries in Asia and Africa. The SSHA Programme integrates best practices in sanitation demand creation and supply chain strengthening, hygiene behaviour change communication, governance, gender and social inclusion. SNV focuses on strengthening the capacities of local stakeholders to plan, implement, monitor and sustain sanitation and hygiene interventions. The SSHA-RP is funded by UKAID under the WASH Results Programme using a results-based funding (RBF) modality. RBF is a type of Payment By Results (PbR) used by the UKAID that makes payments contingent on the independent verification of results. This factsheet presents the status of the Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene For All Results Programme SSHA-RP at the onset of the programme extension phase, based on the findings of the baseline household survey conducted in December. It also gives an overview of the status on poverty, gender and people living with disabilities within the programme area. The information provided covers the three main programme objectives of: Increase access to and sustained use of sanitation facilities Promote hygienic use and maintenance of sanitation facilities Increase access to handwashing stations with soap Survey Data Date of baseline survey November - December Sample size,3 households District Population projection Sample Size Total Wards Total No. of Villages No. of Sampled Wards No. of Sampled villages Itilima 3, 3 3 Maswa,3 Msalala/ Kahama, 3 Misungwi, 3 Monduli,3 33 Arusha Rural, 3 3 Shinyanga, Hanang, 3 Total,,3 3 Table : Tanzania sample distribution

2 Baseline findings Outcome Indicator : Access to sanitation facilities Access to sanitation facilities by poorest and poor wealth quintiles The wealth status of households has a bearing on access to sanitation facilities. As shown in Figure 3 below, in the poorest wealth quintile practise open defecation. Among the poor households open defecation levels are at %. This indicator is measured at the household level. It assesses access to new and improved latrines within the project areas using a ladder, as shown in Figure. Level : Enviromentally safe Level : Improved toilet, fly management Level 3: Improved toilet Level : Unimproved toilet Level : Shared toilet Level : No toilet/open defecation Figure : The sanitation ladder Environmentally safe toilets % % % Improved toilets with fly management Improved toilets Unimproved toilets Shared toilets Poorest (%) No toilet/open defecation Figure 3: Access to sanitation facilities by poorest and poor wealth quintiles Poor (%) Access to sanitation facilities 3% % % % 3% Figure : Access to sanitation facilities No toilet/ Toilet not in use Shared toilet Unimproved toilet Improved toilet Improved toilet with fly management Environmentally safe toilets Within the new project districts, 3 practise open defecation, % have shared toilets and 3% have unimproved toilets. Only % of the households have improved toilets, as seen in Figure. Open defecation levels are slightly higher than the country average, ranging from % - 3%. Access to sanitation facilities by gender of household head The gender of household head does not significantly influence access to sanitation. Open defecation levels are at 33% and 3% for male and female-headed households respectively, as shown in Figure. Improved toilets registered at % for male-headed households, and % for female-headed households. Environmentally safe toilets % % % Improved toilets with fly management Improved toilets Unimproved toilets Shared toilets No toilet/open defecation 33 Figure : Access to sanitation facilities by gender of household head Male-headed Female household (%) -headed household (%) 3 3 SSHA-RP Extension Phase Factsheet Tanzania

3 Proposed interventions In response to the various challenges faced in access to sanitation facilities, the programme will: Pay special attention to areas requiring specific attention. For instance, Monduli and Msalala districts, which have significantly high levels of open defecation rates, at 3% and % respectively. This also includes Shinyanga and Arusha, which have high rates of shared toilets, at 3% and % respectively Prioritise interventions aimed at improving pit toilets with no slabs Sustained use of sanitation facilities Level : Functional, clean and private toilet Level 3: Functional and clean toilet Level : Functional toilet Level : Toilet in use as a toilet Level : No toilet/toilet not in use Figure : Scale of hygenic use and maintenance of toilets This indicator measures the number of people with access to a sanitation facility and are able to use it as intended. Figure shows that only % of toilets within the programme area are functional and are in use. In order to increase levels of sustained use, the programme will focus on improving toilets and interventions that address behaviour change. 3% % % % No toilet/ Toilet not in use In use as toilet Functional toilets functional and clean toilets functional, clean and private toilets % % % Sustained use No sustained use Figure : Hygienic use and maintenance of toilets Hygienic use and maintenance of toilets by poorest and poor wealth quintile Figure : Sustained use of sanitation facilities Outcome Indicator : Hygienic use and maintenance of sanitation facilities This indicator is measured at the household level. It assesses whether a toilet is used and maintained as intended. It also measures the hygienic use and maintenance of sanitation facilities using a ladder, as shown in Figure. Overall Status Only % of toilets within the programme area are functional as intended, while 3% of the toilets are in use, as shown in Figure below. To address this, the programme will pay closer attention to households that have no toilet, and to households that have toilets but are not functional as intended. % % % Poorest (%) Figure : Hygienic use and maintenance of toilets against wealth quintile Poor (%) Functional, clean & private toilet Functional and clean latrines In use as a latrine and functional In use as a latrine 3 No toilet or not in use Figure shows that % of the poorest households have no toilet, or their toilet is not in use, and only 3% have functional toilets. This reveals that the hygienic use and maintenance of toilets varies as the wealth status of the household changes. SSHA-RP Extension Phase Factsheet Tanzania 3

4 To address this, the programme will increase behaviour change interventions targeting households that have toilets but are not using them hygienically. It will also target households that do not have toilets, and as they construct toilets they use them hygienically. Outcome Indicator 3: Access to handwashing stations with soap Measured at the household level, this indicator assesses the existence and quality of handwashing facilities in or near the toilet, and close to food preparation areas. The existence and proximity of these facilities serve as proxy indicators for the practice of handwashing after defecation and before cooking or preparing food respectively, as indicated in Figure below. Critical moments of handwashing 3 % of respondents Before eating Before cooking or preparing food After defecation Before breastfeeding or feeding a child Don t know After cleaning child s bottom or feeding a child After cleaning toilet or potty Figure : Knowledge of critical moments of handwashing Level : station with running tap water Level 3: station with no contamination % Level : station with soap Level : station with no soap Level : No handwashing station Figure : Presence of handwashing station with soap % No handwashing station station with no soap station with soap Knowledge of critical moments of handwashing 3% of respondents are aware of the need to wash their hands before eating. However, only % of respondents know to wash their hands after defecation as indicated in Figure. Access to a handwashing station near the toilet across the eight project districts do not have handwashing facilities near a toilet, as illustrated in Figure. Access to a handwashing station near the toilet by poorest and poor wealth quintile Access to handwashing stations is significantly influenced by a household s wealth status. among the poorest and poor wealth quintiles do not have handwashing stations near their toilets, as seen in Figure. Figure : Access to handwashing station near the toilet % % % stn, no contamination station with soap station with no soap No handwashing station Poorest (%) Poor (%) Figure : station with soap near the toilet by poorest and poor wealth quintiles Overall, access to handwashing stations after defecation is low across all wealth quintiles. To address this, programme interventions will target all households. SSHA-RP Extension Phase Factsheet Tanzania

5 Access to a handwashing station near the toilet by gender of household head There are low levels of access to handwashing stations after defecation across both male and female-headed households. In both instances, % of male-headed and female-headed households do not have handwashing stations near their toilets as seen in Figure 3. % % % stn, no contamination station with soap station with no soap Male-headed household (%) No handwashing station Female -headed household% Figure 3: Access to a handwashing station near the toilet by gender of household head Access to a handwashing station before cooking and food preparation Within the programme area, do not have handwashing stations within steps from the food preparation area, as illustrated in Figure. % % % No handwashing station station with no soap station with soap station, no contamination station, running tap water Figure : station with soap before cooking or food preparation Access to a handwashing station before cooking and food preparation by poorest and poor wealth quintile A household s wealth status has a bearing on access to handwashing stations near cooking and food preparation areas. There are very low levels of access to handwashing stations near cooking and food preparation areas among the poorest and poor wealth quintiles, as seen in Figure. % % % stn, running tap water stn, no contamination station with soap station with no soap Poorest (%) No handwashing station Poor (%) Figure : Access to a handwashing station before cooking and food preparation by poorest and poor wealth quintile The gender of the household head does not influence access to handwashing stations near cooking and food preparation areas. % of both male-headed and female-headed households do not have handwashing stations before cooking and preparing food, as show in Figure. % % % stn, running tap water stn, no contamination station with soap station with no soap Male-headed household (%) No handwashing station Access to a handwashing facility before cooking and food preparation against gender of household head Female -headed household% Figure : Access to a handwashing station before cooking and food preparation by gender of household head SSHA-RP Extension Phase Factsheet Tanzania

use, and from the new toilets that are being targeted for construction.

6 In summary, access to handwashing stations after defecation and near food preparation areas is very low, at an average of 3% of households. In order to address these challenges, the programme will require a robust Behaviour Change and Communication campaign (BCC) that will enable households to access the benefits from existing toilets in use, and from the new toilets that are being targeted for construction. Sanitation coverage among households with people living with disability (PLWDs) Within the programme area, there are no significant differences in access to sanitation facilities in households with and without people living with disabilities, as seen in Figure below. This is also the case for both hygienic use and maintenance of toilets and access to handwashing facilities. Environmentally safe toilets % % % Improved toilets with fly management Improved toilets Unimproved toilets Shared toilets Household Household no disability (%) with disability (%) 3 No toilet/open defecation 3 Figure : Access to sanitation facilities by households with people living with disability 33 3 Due to the fact that households with and without people living with disability have similar access to wealth and to sanitation facilities, project interventions ought to target households with people with disabilities to ensure that sanitation is accessible for all. This extension phase factsheet was produced by the SSHA Programme Management Unit with support from the SSHA Country Project Team in Tanzania. The results presented in this factsheet are based on the performance monitoring data collected, analyzed and independently verified in Tanzania under the SSHA Results Programme. SNV is a not-for-profit international development organisation. Founded in the Netherlands nearly years ago, we have built a long-term, local presence in 3 of the poorest countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Our global team of local and international advisors work with local partners to equip communities, businesses and organisations with the tools, knowledge and connections they need to increase their incomes and gain access to basic services empowering them to break the cycle of poverty and guide their own development. This programme has been funded by UK aid from the UK government; however the views expressed do not necessarily reflect the UK government s official policies. SNV Netherlands Development Organisation Plot, Chole road, Msasani Peninsular P.O. Box 3, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Tel: tanzania@snv.org SSHA-RP Extension Phase Factsheet Tanzania

Progress Update: December 2016: Zambia

Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene For All Programme Progress Update: December 2016: Zambia By December 2016, 364,317 people had gained access to new and improved latrines in the Northern Province since