The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE. Tuesday 24 August 1999 (2 hours) PAPER I

Transcription

1 The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE Tuesday 24 August 1999 PAPER I Answer FOUR of the following six questions. (Allow 30 minutes per question) Candidates are warned that illegible handwriting may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey 1. Discuss the following aspects of the rabbit as a laboratory animal: i. Biology and husbandry ii. Gastrointestinal disease iii. Respiratory disease. 2. You are asked by a research group to advise on the establishment of a new colony of transgenic mice which they wish to bring into a conventional animal unit. Discuss the issues raised and the advice you would give to the group. 3. Is it morally wrong to experiment on animals? 4. One of the responsibilities of the Named Veterinary Surgeon (NVS) is to advise on appropriate methods of anaesthesia and analgesia for laboratory animals. Discuss your recommendations for the following procedures: (i) (ii) (iii) Terminal anaesthesia in a New Zealand White rabbit to obtain the maximum volume of blood for the extraction of antibodies. Partial hepatectomy in outbred mice to study post-operative hepatocellular proliferation. Vasectomy in the marmoset. 5. Discuss how endpoints may be used to limit severity of procedures with specific reference to the mouse protection test, tumour growth studies and acute toxicity testing. 6. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the Ethical Review Process (ERP). What are the main areas to which the Named Veterinary Surgeon (NVS) can contribute in the ERP?

2 The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE Tuesday 24 August 1999 PAPER II ALL of the following TWELVE questions MUST be answered; (approximately 10 minutes per question should be allowed) Candidates are warned that illegible handwriting may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey 1. Write short notes on the diagnosis and treatment of pinworm infection in the mouse. 2. Write short notes on the following methods of euthanasia for the animals listed mentioning advantages and disadvantages: i. concussion of the brain in a 500g rat ii. exposure to a rising concentration of carbon dioxide in mice. 3. Write short notes on the provision of postoperative care for rats which have undergone laparotomy with recovery. 4. Briefly explain why genetic monitoring of inbred rodent colonies is necessary and list ways in which it can be done. 5. Briefly describe your preferred method of obtaining: i. a single small blood sample from a mouse with recovery ii. a single small blood sample from a rabbit with recovery mentioning advantages and disadvantages. 6. Write short notes on the causes of alopecia in the guinea pig. 7. Write short notes on environmental enrichment for pigs. P.T.O. for Questions 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12

3 8. List the duties of a Project Licence Holder under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, List the common conditions affecting aging rats and write brief notes on one of them. 10. List the methods of monitoring blood pressure in conscious dogs, giving their advantages and disadvantages. 11. Write short notes on the prevention and control of allergies to laboratory animals in a rodent unit. 12. Write short notes on the use of the following agents in rodents: i. ketamine ii. Hypnorm.

4 THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PAPER 1 CONTAINS 6 QUESTIONS Tuesday 22 August 2000 PAPER I Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form requested may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. If insufficient time is available to answer a question fully, it will be acceptable to complete in note form. Candidates are required to answer FOUR of the following six questions. (Allow 30 minutes per question) 1. Discuss the main provisions of the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1986 emphasising how they protect the welfare of animals used in such procedures. Mention any areas where deficiencies might exist. 2. How can pain and distress be alleviated/avoided in the following?: (i) (ii) (iii) bile duct cannulation in the beagle stereotaxic surgery in the rat antibody production in the rabbit. 3. You are asked to design a programme for health monitoring in a barriered rodent breeding unit and a multi-user rodent research facility at your establishment. Outline briefly a suitable programme for each unit and discuss the considerations involved, the reasons for any differences and whether such monitoring is necessary. 4. What are the major potential hazards to animal handlers in the laboratory environment. With respect to one of these hazards, discuss how it can be controlled? 5 How would you design a module 4 course for personal licensees within your establishment? 6. A researcher wishes to import 10 cynomolgous macaques from outside the UK. Discuss the factors that would need to be taken into account throughout the process and on arrival of the animals in your facility

5 THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PAPER ll CONTAINS 12 QUESTIONS Tuesday 22 August 2000 PAPER ll Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form requested may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. Candidates are required to answer ALL TWELVE of the following questions. (Allow 10 minutes per question) 1. Write short notes on two of the following: (i) (ii) (iii) Aplastic anaemia in the ferret Scurvy in guinea pigs Red leg in amphibians. 2. What genetic defect does the nude mouse have and how does it differ from a scid mouse? What category do these animals belong to under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1986 and what protection does it offer them? 3. Write notes on retinal degeneration in rodents. 4. Give one method for each of the following: (i) (ii) detecting oestrus in rats. synchronising oestrus in mice 5. Write short notes on: (i) (ii) environmental enrichment for ferrets socialisation of beagle puppies bred for laboratory use. P.T.O. FOR QUESTIONS, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 AND 12

6 6. List methods of obtaining a blood sample from a hamster. Briefly give the advantages and disadvantages of each method. 7. Write short notes on two of the following: (i) (ii) (iii) Vitamin D3 deficiency in New World primates Polyarteritis in the beagle Calicivirus infection in rabbits (viral haemorrhagic disease). 8. Write short notes on individually ventilated cages. 9. For each of the following give two methods of medium-term injectable anaesthesia for surgery: (i) (ii) (iii) Rat Rabbit Guinea pig. 10. Briefly explain the welfare concerns of transgenesis. 11. Write short notes on: (i) (ii) Kilham rat virus Sendai in mice. 12. Distinguish between re-use and continued use. How does the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1986 control re-use?

7 THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE TUESDAY 7 AUGUST 2001 PAPER I Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form requested may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. If insufficient time is available to answer a question fully, it will be acceptable to complete in note form. Candidates are required to answer FOUR of the following six questions. (Allow 30 minutes per question) 1. A researcher reports that 7 out of 25 rats have died unexpectedly after surgery carried out to place intracerebral ventricular cannulae. Outline the steps you would take to investigate the problem and discuss the factors you would consider when doing so. 2. Discuss the provision of postoperative analgesia to rats including assessment of need and options available. 3. List the various ways in which infection can enter a specific pathogen free (SPF) unit. Discuss what types of barrier are available to prevent infection and how you would monitor their efficiency. 4. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the marmoset as a laboratory animal under the following headings: a) Biology b) Husbandry and diet c) Diseases. 5. List and briefly describe the various ways in which compounds can be administered to experimental animals. Discuss how the severity of such procedures may be reduced. 6. Discuss the role of the certificate holder and how the role interacts with those of the other named people in the establishment to ensure compliance with Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act

8 THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE TUESDAY 7 AUGUST 2001 PAPER ll Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form requested may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. Candidates are required to answer ALL TWELVE of the following questions. (Allow 10 minutes per question) 1. Write short notes on sialodacryoadenitis virus infection of rats. 2. List the advantages and disadvantages of automatic devices for the provision of drinking water to research animals. 3. Write short notes on Schedule 1 euthanasia of sheep. 4. Suggest two anaesthetic/analgesic regimens for the insertion of an indwelling jugular catheter in dogs. 5. Write notes on the significance of: a) Helicobacter hepaticus and b) Corynebacterium bovis. 6. Write short notes on the measures you would recommend to assure maintenance of the inbred status of several strains of mice in a breeding facility. 7. List the zoonotic diseases of primates likely to be encountered in the animal house. P.T.O. for questions 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12

9 8. Give two methods of anaesthesia for each of the following: a. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) b. African clawed toad (Xenopus laevis). 9. Write short notes on mucoid enteropathy in rabbits. 10. Give TWO environmental parameters which are routinely monitored in the animal room. For ONE of these, write brief notes on problems which may arise when levels fall outside the recommended range. 11. What factors can affect the availability of vitamin C in laboratory animal diets? 12. Write short notes on Home Office Guidelines on the use of neuromuscular blockers

10 THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE TUESDAY 30 JULY 2002 PAPER I Candidates are required to answer ALL TWELVE of the following questions. Allow 10 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form requested may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. 1 a) List THREE common hereditary conditions of beagles. b) List THREE commonly used methods of measuring arterial blood pressure in the beagle. 2. Give TWO anaesthetic methods for each of the following species and give an example of a procedure for which each method would be suitable: a) marmoset b) pig. 3. List the potential causes of laboratory animal allergy (LAA)? Give FIVE ways in which LAA can be managed and prevented. 4. What is an inbred rodent strain? Give an example of an inbred rodent strain. List FOUR ways of monitoring the authenticity of inbred strains. 5. For each of these Acronyms, write what the letters stand for: a) APC b) LAVA c) ACLAM d) GLP e) COSHH f) CITES P.T.O. for Questions 6-12

11 6. Write short notes on the following: a) Recognised methods of slaughter of large animals listed in Schedule 1. b) Methods in which death may be confirmed under Schedule List TWO potential adverse effects for each of the following: a) oral gavage b) osmotic minipumps c) blood sampling in rats via the tail vein. 8. Write short notes on each of the following: a) Pinworms in rats b) Hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits. 9. What is a transgenic animal? List FOUR methods of taking DNA samples from a transgenic mouse. 10. Write short notes on situations where veterinary determination or certification is required or may be sought under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, Write short notes on each of the following: a) Control of persistent oestrus in a ferret b) Epilepsy in Gerbils. 12. Write short notes on sterilisation methods for diets

12 THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE TUESDAY 30 JULY 2002 PAPER ll Candidates are required to answer FOUR of the following SIX questions. Allow 30 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form requested may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. If insufficient time is available to answer a question fully, it will be acceptable to complete in note form. 1. A research laboratory would like to use cynomolgus monkeys. What advice would you give with regards to the following: a) Supply b) Legislation c) Housing d) Husbandry and Enrichment. 2. How does the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1986 control severity? 3. What advice would you give a licensee who wants to set up recovery surgery in mice for the first time? Write your answer under the following headings: a) Pre-surgery considerations b) Anaesthesia and analgesia c) Surgical technique d) Post-operative care. 4. List the main infectious agents in rats. Outline a system for monitoring the health of rats in an experimental unit. P.T.O. for Questions 5-6

13 5. Write an essay on environmental enrichment of laboratory animals used in regulatory toxicology studies. 6. Write an essay on control of medicines in the laboratory animal unit under the following headings: a) Purchase b) Storage c) Prescribing d) Dispensing e) Disposal

14 THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE TUESDAY 29 JULY 2003 PAPER I Candidates are required to answer ALL TWELVE of the following questions. Allow 10 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form requested may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. 1. With reference to an outbred strain being produced in a commercial facility what do the following terms refer to and what is the principle reason for maintaining separation between colonies? i) expansion colony ii) production colony. 2. Write short notes on the importance of the following: i) Fibre (e.g. hay) in the rabbit diet. ii) Vitamin C in the guinea pig diet. 3. Write short notes on the specific requirements for housing of dogs for experimental purposes. 4. Briefly describe the problems of health-screening immune compromised animals and how these problems may be overcome? List the infectious agents you would particularly test for in an immune compromised colony. 5. Briefly describe how the following could be prepared to ensure aseptic technique is observed when surgically implanting a catheter into the carotid artery of a rat for a longterm experiment: i) the rat ii) the surgeon iii) the instruments iv) the catheter. P.T.O. for Questions, 6, 7, 8, 9,10, 11 and 12

15 6. What are the 3 R s? Write short notes on ONE of them. 7. List the possible causes of rectal/anal prolapse in laboratory mice and techniques you would use to investigate each to reach a diagnosis. What might be your advice if a positive diagnosis is confirmed? 8. Write short notes on: i) mucoid enteropathy in rabbits ii) SDAV infection in rats. 9. List the methods available for identification of laboratory rodents and state a possible disadvantage associated with each method. 10. List the measures that may be employed to control exposure to laboratory animal allergens. 11. Write short notes on decapitation as a method of euthanasia of laboratory mice and rats. 12. Briefly describe the unusual aspects of the reproductive biology of ferrets and how these affect the management systems of this species

16 The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE TUESDAY 29 JULY 2003 PAPER ll Candidates are required to answer FOUR of the following SIX questions. Allow 30 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form requested may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. 1. Outline the following procedures and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each: i) orbital sinus bleeding in the guinea pig ii) oesophageal gavage in the rat iii) collection of rat urine and faeces using a metabolism cage. 2. Describe possible enrichmment strategies, including advantages and disadvantages for: i) the rabbit ii) the beagle. 3. a) Briefly describe (annotated diagrams may be used) THREE methods of creating genetically manipulated mice. b) Explain briefly the following terms with reference to genetically manipulated mice: i. Genotype ii. Phenotype iii. Background strain iv. Backcrossing v. Speed congenics. 4. What factors would you consider and why if you were asked to develop a health monitoring scheme for a 40 room rodent scientific facility? P.T.O. for Questions 5 and 6

17 5. Briefly describe THREE methods of pain assessment. Discuss the difficulties associated with assessment of pain in the laboratory rat, mouse and dog. How would you incorporate pain assessment into a pain management programme for a high throughput surgical model in rats? 6. List the responsibilities of the Named Veterinary Surgeon (NVS) and Named Animal Care and Welfare Officer (NACWO) under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (ASPA) and discuss how their roles overlap and where their roles complement each other.

18 THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE TUESDAY 27 JULY 2004 PAPER I Candidates are required to answer ALL TWELVE of the following questions. Allow 10 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form requested may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. 1. What is the full name of the following organisations? a. AALAS b. LAVA c. PETA d. LASA e. UFAW f. ECLAM. 2. Write short notes on the following agents: a. Carprofen. b. Buprenorphine. c. Bupivicaine. 3. By what routes may a test compound be administered to a mouse? Briefly indicate any major adverse effects that may result from each dosing technique. 4. Describe the appropriate methods of euthanasia listed under Schedule 1 of the Animal (Scientific Procedures) Act for: a. an adult mouse b. rana pipiens c. adult cat. P.T.O. for Questions 5-12

19 5. Briefly outline the aims of the Ethical Review process. 6. Define the term humane end-point and how it may be determined in tumour studies in rodents. 7. List the possible causes (infectious and non-infectious) of hind limb weakness / paralysis in a genetically altered mouse. 8. Write short notes on: a. Timed mating in rats. b. Hand mating in hamsters. 9. Write short notes on TWO of the following: a. Aleutian disease in ferrets b. Hepatic coccidiosis in the rabbit. 10. Briefly outline the social, behavioural and environmental needs of the laboratory rabbit. 11. Write notes on the aquatic environment for Xenopus laevis. 12. List the key features of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) in the United Kingdom

20 The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE TUESDAY 27 JULY 2004 PAPER ll Candidates are required to answer FOUR of the following SIX questions. Allow 30 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form requested may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. 1. Describe the factors and people that may influence the selection of an anaesthetic agent for a specific study. What is the specific role of the Named Veterinary Surgeon (NVS) within this process? 2. Describe the responsibilities of the Personal Licence Holder, Project Licence Holder and Certificate of Designation Holder that ensure animal welfare is maintained within an institution. 3. Describe the use of rodents in regulatory toxicology studies. 4. Discuss the impact of respiratory disease in the laboratory animal and the consequences for an experimental study. List the causes of respiratory disease in the following species: a. Rat b. Ferret c. Guinea pig. 5. Write an essay on the macro-environment and micro-environment and their control in: a. a research facility for rodents b. an experimental farm animal facility. P.T.O. for Question 6

21 6. Define the 3 R s and their application in the following: a. Creation of genetically altered (GA) mice. b. Breeding and maintainance of GA mice. c. Tissue sampling for genotyping?

22 THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE TUESDAY 26 JULY 2005 PAPER I Candidates are required to answer ALL TWELVE of the following questions. Allow 10 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form requested may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. 1. Write short notes on TWO of the following: a) Encephalitozoon cuniculi in rabbits. b) Nasal dermatitis in gerbils. c) Ectoparasites in mice. 2. Write short notes on the following methods of euthanasia: a) Decapitation in rodents. b) Schedule 1 method in sheep. 3. Female ferrets are obtained for a study where they will be anaesthetised for dental treatments with survival for up to 1 year. a) List the main health issues to be considered and write short notes on ONE of them. b) Suggest a suitable anaesthetic and analgesic regimen. 4. List methods for minimising heat loss during anaesthesia and surgery in a 30g nude mouse, together with their advantages and disadvantages. P.T.O. for Questions 5-10

23 5. List the classes of drug that may be used as analgesic agents. For each class, give an example of its appropriate use during a laboratory procedure. 6. Write short notes on the provisions of the following under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986: a) Schedule 2. b) Schedule 2A. 7. Outline the circumstances under which foetal, larval and embryonic forms of the following become protected animals under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986: a) mammals b) birds c) fish. List the Schedule 1 killing methods that are acceptable for each of these forms. 8. Write short notes on factors that could affect the quality of laboratory animal diets. 9. In each of the species below list suitable sites for obtaining a single blood sample without general anaesthesia: a) A zebra finch. b) A hamster. c) A mini pig. State, with reasons, which would be your preferred site. 10. Write short notes on the importance of temperature and humidity control in laboratory animal houses. P.T.O. for Questions 11-12

24 11. A group of four 7-year old male cats have been used as blood donors for a feline viral study in an SPF facility and are to be re-homed after 5 years on study. Write brief notes on the factors for consideration when re-homing these animals. 12. What are the following and give a brief explanation of their relevance to laboratory animal science: a) RIDDOR b) UKCCCR c) NC3Rs.

25 The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE TUESDAY 26 JULY 2005 PAPER ll Candidates are required to answer FOUR of the following SIX questions. Allow 30 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form requested may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. 1. Write an essay on the benefits of environmental and social enrichment for laboratory rodents and beagles. Include an outline of how biological containment strategies could affect the choice and use of enrichment items for rodents. 2. Give an account of what an inbred strain is, their importance to experimental research and the value of genetic quality control. List the methods used to monitor genetic quality in rodents. 3. A breeding colony of rats has recently tested positive for pinworm, Kilham Rat Virus, Sialodacryoadenitis Virus and Mycoplasma pulmonis. There has been a recent increase in anaesthetic deaths and the scientist has asked for advice. Considering the test results discuss possible reasons for the deaths, the options available to improve the overall health of the colony and their advantages and disadvantages. 4. You are asked to present a Module 4 course for prospective personal licence holders. Discuss your approach to the presentation and delivery of the module and briefly outline the information you would cover. P.T.O. for Questions 5-6

26 5. Discuss the role of the Named Veterinary Surgeon in promoting animal welfare and the 3 R s in the local Ethical Review Process. 6. Outline ONE suitable method of anaesthesia for THREE of the following: a. Long-term (over 6 hours) non-recovery bowel surgery in the rat. b. Partial hepatectomy in SCID mice. c. Inspection / repair of fight wounds in a non human primate. d. Ovariectomy in Xenopus toad. Your answer should include reasons for your choice of agent, method of restraint during induction, route of administration and a brief description of monitoring systems that could be useful.

27 THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE WEDNESDAY 19 JULY 2006 PAPER I Candidates are required to answer ALL TWELVE of the following questions. Allow 10 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form requested may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. 1. Write short notes on the following: a. Marmoset Wasting Disease. b. Marmoset requirement for vitamin D3. 2. Outline the possible fate of animals at the end of a series of experimental procedures. 3. Write short notes on the following: a. SHRsp rat b. NOD mice c. T145 mice. 4. Write short notes on the use of neuromuscular blocking agents in laboratory animals. 5. Write short notes on the following: a. Detection of oestrus in the mouse. b. Timed mating in the rat. c. Pregnancy diagnosis in the rabbit. 6. Write short notes Mouse Hepatitis Virus. P.T.O. for Questions 7-12

28 7. Write short notes on the following: a. Pasteurella pneumotropica. b. Tyzzer s disease in gerbils. c. Wet tail in hamsters. 8. Outline the Prescribing Cascade and its application to laboratory rats. 9. Describe a technique for achieving endotracheal intubation in the rabbit and in the rat. 10. Outline the advantages and disadvantages of carbon dioxide as an agent for euthanasia in adult and neonatal guinea pigs. 11. Write short notes on laboratory animal allergy. 12. List the main signs of social disorder in group of housed adult male mice and outline methods of treatment and prevention.

29 The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE WEDNESDAY 19 JULY 2006 PAPER ll Candidates are required to answer FOUR of the following SIX questions. Allow 30 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form requested may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. 1. Genetically altered mice are frequently obtained from other scientific establishments, either as live animals or in the form of germplasm. Outline the information you would wish to have before accepting the import. How would you use this information to advise on establishing a new colony in an SPF mouse breeding unit? 2. Define the term humane end-point. Discuss the use of humane end-points to limit the severity of procedures during studies into: a) Ageing. b) Tumour growth studies. c) Arthritis. 3. Write notes on the following diseases in the laboratory rabbit: a) Hepatic coccidiosis. b) Mucoid Enteropathy. 4. A researcher reports that 6 of twelve outbred rats died unexpectedly within 1 week of surgery to implant in-dwelling catheters in the jugular and femoral veins. How would you investigate this problem? What are the possible causes of the deaths? Discuss possible corrective strategies. P.T.O. for Questions 5 and 6

30 5. Write an essay on the responsibilities of the Named Veterinary Surgeon (NVS) under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act (ASPA). How do these complement the responsibilities of the Named Animal Care and Welfare Officer (NACWO) and Certificate Holder? 6. List zoonotic diseases of relevance to laboratory animal scientists in the following species: a. Laboratory rats. b. Chickens. c. Sheep. d. Rhesus macaques. Discuss diagnosis, control, monitoring and prevention of disease in TWO of these species.

31 THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE TUESDAY 22 JULY 2008 PAPER I Candidates are required to answer ALL TWELVE of the following questions. Allow 10 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form requested may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. 1. Write short notes on TWO of the following: (i) Pregnancy toxaemia in guinea pigs. (ii) Beagle pain syndrome. (iii) Red leg in amphibia. 2. List differential diagnoses for: (i) A rabbit with hindlimb paralysis. (ii) A ferret with a swollen vulva and/or vaginal discharge. (iii) Rectal prolapse in mice. 3. List the principle diseases of zoonotic concern when the following species are kept for research purposes: (i) Sheep. (ii) Cynomologus macaque. Choosing ONE disease from your list, outline briefly how the chosen disease can be diagnosed, monitored and controlled. 4. Write short notes on: (i) Norovirus infection in mice. (ii) Parvovirus infection in rats. In each case state the likely impact on research. P.T.O for Questions 5-12

32 5. Write short notes on common conditions of aging rats with particular reference to their importance in regulatory toxicology studies. 6. Briefly outline the main responsibilities of a Personal Licence holder under A(SP)A. Give TWO examples of regulated procedures for which personal licence authority may be delegated. 7. Define the following terms and give ONE example of each. (i) Adverse event. (ii) Humane end point. 8. Write short notes on common hazards in the animal unit. Choosing ONE example, explain what steps may be taken to control the risk posed to staff. 9. Write short notes on the use of the following agents in rabbits: (i) Pentobarbitone. (ii) Halothane. (iii) Fentanyl/fluanisone. 10. Write short notes on TWO of the following: (i) Oral gavage in guinea pigs. (ii) Venepuncture in minipigs. (iii) Retro-orbital sinus bleeding in mice. 11. Write short notes on the following: (i) Nude mouse. (ii) SCID mouse. (iii) Zucker (fa/fa) rat. 12. What do the following acronyms stand for? Describe briefly the purpose of these organizations. (i) FELASA (ii) AAALAC (iii) ECLAM (iv) APC.

33 The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE TUESDAY 22 JULY 2008 PAPER ll Candidates are required to answer FOUR of the following SIX questions. Allow 30 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form requested may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. 1. What are the 3Rs? How, and by whom, can they best be implemented within a research establishment? 2. Discuss the use of inhalation agents for euthanasia at designated establishments. 3. Discuss strategies to maintain and improve the health and well-being of breeding marmosets kept in the laboratory. 4. Discuss infection control with reference to a specified pathogen free (SPF) facility breeding genetically modified mice. Compare and contrast your approach to designing an appropriate health monitoring programme for a facility using: (i) (ii) Multi-cage Isolators. Individually ventilated cages. 5. Discuss methods available for obtaining blood, urine and faeces samples from rats, outlining in each case advantages and disadvantages of the method and circumstances under which it might be indicated. 6. Outline your recommendations for suitable anaesthetic and analgesic regimes for the following procedures: (i) Oocyte harvesting in Xenopus. (ii) Telemetry surgery (including thoracotomy) in a beagle. (iii) Terminal lung function measurements in guinea pigs. In each case discuss your advice on anaesthetic monitoring.

34 THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE TUESDAY 21 JULY 2009 PAPER I Candidates are required to answer ALL TWELVE of the following questions. Allow 10 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form requested may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. 1. Briefly outline the statutory responsibilities of the Named Veterinary Surgeon (NVS) in relation to acquisition and use of veterinary medicines within a research establishment. 2. Write short notes on the key husbandry requirements and main laboratory uses of: (i) gerbils (ii) zebrafish. 3. Outline the advantages and disadvantages of automated blood sampling in rats. 4. Give TWO examples of immunodeficiency in mice, explaining the nature of the defect in each case. List methods available for sterilisation of materials entering an isolator housing immunodeficient rodents. 5. Outline suitable methods of euthanasia as listed in Schedule 1 of the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 for: (i) a 3Kg NZW rabbit. (ii) a 250g rat. (iii) an adult rainbow trout. P.T.O. for Questions 6-12

35 6. List common hazards to personnel encountered when working in an animal unit. Choosing ONE example, explain what steps may be taken to control the risk posed to staff. 7. Write short notes on: (i) OR (ii) Indwelling intravenous catheter care in beagle dogs undergoing chronic drug infusion in toxicology studies. Rodent models of diabetes mellitus. 8. Suggest a suitable anaesthetic & analgesic protocol for: (i) (ii) (iii) Cranial implant surgery in the Lister Hooded rat. Telemetry implantation in the beagle. Embryo transfer in mice. 9. List differential diagnoses for the following: (i) (ii) (iii) Diarrhoea in marmosets. Hair loss in guinea pigs. Wasting disease in athymic mice. 10. Define inbreeding in the context of laboratory rodents. Write short notes on the genetic characteristics of inbred lines, and the advantages and disadvantages of using inbred rodents in research. 11. Write short notes on TWO of the following: (i) (ii) (iii) Distemper in ferrets. Tyzzer s disease in rabbits. Sialodacryoadentis virus infection in rats. 12. What provision does the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 make in relation to potential conflicts of interest over care of animals which have undergone regulated procedures at a designated establishment?

36 THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE TUESDAY 21 JULY 2009 PAPER ll Candidates are required to answer FOUR of the following SIX questions. Allow 30 minutes per question. Illegible handwriting or failure to answer the question in the form requested may result in examiners being unable to award marks for information which candidates intended to convey. 1. Outline the principal methods by which genetically modified mice are created. Discuss the major ethical and welfare concerns associated with the use of genetically modified mice and how best practice may be applied. 2. Discuss the importance of environmental control in the animal unit. How do environmental factors impact on animal well-being and quality of research? 3. On a routine visit to a rodent breeding facility (genetically altered, inbred and outbred), the NACWO informs you that there appears to be an increase in neonatal and/or pre-weanling mortality. Discuss your preliminary investigation of this problem, the differential diagnoses you would consider, and further testing or investigation you would conduct to determine the cause. 4. Discuss how proposed changes to European Union Directive 86/609 may impact on use of animals in biomedical research in the United Kingdom. P.T.O. for Questions 5 and 6

37 5. As Named Veterinary Surgeon (NVS) you are advising a project licence applicant planning an imaging study of tumour growth in rats. Briefly, adult rats will undergo laparotomy under anaesthesia for injection of tumour cells into the liver. They will be monitored for 6 weeks, during which time they may have blood withdrawn, drugs administered to influence tumour growth, and MRI scanning to monitor tumour growth. At the end of the procedure they will be terminated by a Schedule 1 method or by perfusion fixation under general anaesthesia. Discuss your advice in relation to potential adverse effects that should be included in Section 19b (vi), along with methods of prevention and control, and humane endpoints that should be applied. 6. How may quality of life be improved for cynomologus macaques imported for use in regulatory toxicology studies? List the principal diseases of zoonotic concern for staff engaged in the care and use of such animals and outline how you would manage the risk of ONE such disease.