INTEGRATED TICK MANAGEMENT IN 2016

Transcription

1 INTEGRATED TICK MANAGEMENT IN 2016 Kirby C. Stafford III, Ph.D. Chief Scientist, State Entomologist CT Agricultural Experiment Station New Haven, CT Tick IPM Symposium Washington, D.C. May 16, 2016

2 Skip Weisenburger Barnstable Co. Coop. Ext. Kirby Stafford Integrated Tick Management Integrated Pathogen Management Personal protection measures Habitat Management Chemical control Synthetic insecticides Botanicals, natural compounds Biopesticides Host reduction or exclusion Host-targeted acaricides Host-targeted vaccines Anti-tick vaccines

3 WHAT IS INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT? Classic IPM involves the selection, integration, and implementation of several pest control actions based on predicted ecological, economic, and sociological consequences. Difference between control and management, which implies an acceptable level of pest abundance and acceptable level of damage or loss (i.e., for ticks the risk of disease). Objective of IPM is reduction pest level (or pathogen prevalence) below the economic injury level, the density at which the losses exceed cost of control (cost-benefit analysis). Level tolerated likely different for recreational areas and residential areas. Acceptable level risk or cost considerations for some homeowners may be extremely low. How much reduction in the risk of transmission or disease incidence is the goal?

4 Away from home 21% Indoors at home 0% Outdoors at home 74% Neighborhood 5% K. Stafford Yard work 18% Walking dog 4% Camping 1% Outdoor job 5% Gardening 12% Hiking 7% Play outdoors 47% Other 4% Outdoor Event 2% Pfizer LYME DISEASE RISK ALDF Data: Stamford Health Department , n = 4551 records and 2001, n = 266 records

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6 INTEGRATED TICK MANAGEMENT (ITM) HOMEOWNER OR COMMUNIT Y INITIATIVE Scale of the management or control method Spraying more likely choice for some individual proper ties Vegetative approaches both home or community -based Deer management community or area wide -based Acceptance and cost for tick control strategy, demonstrated ef ficacy Low acceptance chemical acaricides Must be af fordable Increased interest in organic land care, how do standards fit in? KAB Survey ( ) cost tick control WWHD TAHD LLHD $0 $1-99 $ $ >$ Willingness to use chemical pesticide future? WWHD TAHD LLHD 42

7 Town of Wilton, CT Resident KAB-style survey

8 NOFA Standards for Organic Land Care This is the heart of the Organic Land Care Program Provides a definition of organic in land care National standards don t apply to land care (Organic Materials Review Institute, OMRI) Also specifies materials and practices that professionals pledge to use in providing organic land care to their clients

9 TICK (PEST) MANAGEMENT NOFA STANDARDS ORGANIC LAND CARE Preferred Tick bite prevention (avoid tick areas, pants in socks, repellents?) Tick checks to detect and remove before pathogen transmission Environmental modifications (landscape practices) Host management (deer fencing & herbal, soap, human hair as repellents) Allowed Biological agents (parasites & pathogens) Diatomaceous earth & insecticidal soaps Botanical insecticides such as pyrethrum, 24b insecticides. Plant extracts. Sprays of oils derived from plant or animal sources Horicultural oil sprays derived from petroleum distillates which do not contain aromatic compounds such as toluene, benzene, or xylene Prohibited All synthetic insecticides and piperonyl butoxide as an insecticide synergist Any pesticide formulated with any inert ingredient on the EPA List 1: Inert Ingredients of Toxicological Concern.

10 J. Public Health Mgt. Practice :85-92 Assessed the prevention effectiveness of a number of single interventions against blacklegged ticks in a hypothetical community of 10,000 individuals in the northeastern United States using LYMESIM model. Estimates made for baseline, worst-case, and best-case scenarios for each intervention to prevent Lyme disease under varying assumptions of engagement and efficacy. No. Lyme disease cases prevented Intervention Worst scenario Baseline Best scenario Granular acaricide to habitat (2) 278 (3) Acaricide to nesting mice Acaricide to white-tailed deer 113 (1) 272 (1) 306 (2) Removal of white-tailed deer 97 (2) Fencing deer out of properties Reduction of habitat vegetation Repellent and tick checks (4) Lyme disease vaccine 74 (3) 148 (3) 361 (1)

11 STATE OF TICK IPM Management lone star ticks recreational area (Bloemer et al. 1990) Combinations of acaricide applications + vegetative management, acaricide applications + host management, and acaricide applications + vegetative management + host management produced 94, 89, and 96% mean control of all life stages, respectively. Land Between the Lakes Economic threshold for lone star tick in recreational areas proposed of 0.65 ticks per 1-hour CO 2 sample based on attack rate of less than 1 tick per human visitor per day. Bloemer et al J. Med. Entomol. 27(4):

12 INTEGRATED USE 4-POSTER, BAIT BOXES AND ACARICIDE APPLICATIONS Conducted in Millstone Township, Monmouth Co., NJ One 4-poster per 20 ha Maxforce TMS fipronil bait boxes Barrier application granular deltamethrin Reduced larval & nymphal tick burdens 92.7 & 95.4%, respectively Control host-seeking nymphs, larvae, and adult I. scapularis by 94.3, 90.6, and 87.3%, respectively Aerial photograph area Millstone Township, NJ showing bait box deployment sites, locations 4-poster devices, and control areas. Schulze et al J. Med. Entomol. 44(5):

13 INTEGRATED TICK MANAGEMENT (ITM) CONNECTICUT CDC COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT AND US BIOLOGIC, INC. PI S KIRBY STAFFORD, SCOTT WILLIAMS, GOUDARZ MOLAEI (ITM) Project Application Met52 EC Biopesticide Select TCS Rodent Bait Boxes Deer Reduction Reservoir-Targeted Vaccine (RTV)(oral rodent Lyme vaccine bait from US Biologic, Inc.) ITM Treatment Neighborhoods RTV Treatment Neighborhoods

14 RESERVOIR TARGETED VACCINE (RTV) IN CONNECTICUT Danbury News Times 2014 Inactivated, recombinant OspA vaccine coated on small bait pellets. Used Sidekick bait boxes 2014, bait consumption study over summer at 22 residences and bait was amended with the dye Rhodamine-B in late summer 91% of mice showed evidence of consuming the Rhodamine-B laced bait either through visual inspection or whisker analysis 2015, vaccine coated bait distributed 23 residential sites Trials are being repeated in 2016 Danbury News Times, 4/4/2014

15 TICK-BORNE DISEASE TOOLBOX Personal protection measures Avoid tick habitat Treatment/ vaccination in humans Antibiotic prophylaxis after tick bite Landscape/ vegetation management Xeroscaping/ hardscaping Protective clothing Human vaccine Short grass, remove weeds Tick checks & prompt removal ticks Synthetic chemical repellent Natural productbased repellent Permethrin-treated clothing Natural productbased soap/lotion Remove leaf litter and brush Remove rodent harborage Killing hostseeking ticks Synthetic chemical acaricide Natural productbased acaricide Rodent - targeted approaches Topical acaricide bait box Oral vaccine Deer-targeted approaches Topical acaricide feeding station Deer reduction Fungal acaricide Oral antibiotic bait Deer fencing Acaricide with semiochemicals Oral tick growth regulator Oral tick growth regulator Anti-tick vaccine for deer denotes intervention used in combination with another tick control method denotes intervention with some supporting data on reduction Lyme disease Adapted from slide by Ben Beard, CDC-Division Vector-Borne Diseases

16 WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? There are many tools available for killing ticks Killing ticks in your own yard doesn t necessarily equate to reducing risk of illness Tick control responsibility should be shared between homeowners and local communities Safe and effective (and affordable) prevention tools & ITM data badly needed In the absence of a human vaccine, the best solutions will probably be IPM methods evaluated across a variety of local settings K. Stafford Pfizer ALDF K. Stafford Adapted from slide by Ben Beard, CDC-Division Vector-Borne Diseases

17 CAES TICK TEAM Megan Linske Dr. Goudarz Molaei Saryn Kunajukar Dr. Laura Hayes (now at CT DPH) Heidi Stuber Numerous seasonal assistants Michael Short Dr. Scott Williams Dr. Kirby Stafford

18 TICKS! The foulest and nastiest creatures that be. Pliny the Elder, Roman Writer, Historia Naturalis This small vile creature [the tick] may, in the future, cause the inhabitants of this land [U.S.] great damage unless a method is discovered which will prevent it from increasing at such a shocking rate. Pehr Kalm, 1754 Few agricultural or health problems confronting human societies have proved as intractable as control of ticks and the many diseases they transmit. Dan Sonenshine Biology of Ticks, Vol. 2, 1993 Almost everyone would agree that humans would be better off without ticks. Jesse L. Goodman, et.al. [ed.] 2005 Tick-Borne Diseases of Humans Kirby C. Stafford III, Ph.D. CT Agricultural Experiment Station 123 Huntington Street-Box 1106, New Haven, CT Ph: (203) ; Kirby.Stafford@ct.gov