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1 Acarologia A quarterly journal of acarology, since 1959 Publishing on all aspects of the Acari All information: acarologia@supagro.inra.fr Acarologia is proudly non-profit, with no page charges and free open access Please help us maintain this system by encouraging your institutes to subscribe to the print version of the journal and by sending us your high quality research on the Acari. Subscriptions: Year 2018 (Volume 58): Previous volumes ( ): 250 / year (4 issues) Acarologia, CBGP, CS 30016, MONTFERRER-sur-LEZ Cedex, France The digitalization of Acarologia papers prior to 2000 was supported by Agropolis Fondation under the reference D through the «nvestissements d avenir» programme (Labex Agro: ANR-10-LABX ) Acarologia is under free license and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons-BY-NC-ND which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

2 LARDOGLYPHUS FALCONDUS N. SP. (ACARNA : ACh.RDAE) FROM ТНЕ NEST OF AN AMERCAN KESTREL (FALCO SPARVERUS L.) ВУ ]. R. PНLPS 1 and R. А. N ORTON 2 ABSTRACT Lardoglyphus falconidus п. sp. (Acarina : Acaridae) is described from ап American kestrel (Рагсо sparverius L.) nest in central New York. The biology of Lardoglyphus is briefly discussed and а key to the described species is presented. RESUME Description de Lardoglyphus falconidus п. sp. du nid d'une сп~сегеllе Americaine (Рагсо sparverius L.) du centre de l'etat de New York. Presentation d'une cle des especes decrites du genre Lardoglyphus, et discussion de sa biologie. The genus Lardoglyphus was established Ьу OUDEMANS (1927) for L. zacheri, first found in а culture of the beet1e Dermestes lardarius L. оп hides in South America. HUGHES (1956) ргоvided а тоге complete description of L. zacheri. А second species, L. konoi (Sasa and Asanuma, 1951), is of economic importance. t was first found оп dried fish in ]арап, and later (HUGHES, 1956) оп dried seafood in ndia. VJAYAMBKA and ]OHN (1973, 1974Ь, 1975а, Ь, с) have examined its internal morphology and histology. FAN and CACERES (1973) described another species, L. angolensis, from hypopi found оп ап otter shrew, Potamogale volox. А fourth species, undescribed and also known only from the hypopus, was found Ьу RADOVSKY (1970) оп fecal material found in а human титту in Nevada. HUGHES (1961) reviewed the main characteristics of the genus. The claws of ан legs аге bifid in the female. The chaetotaxy of the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the idiosoma is complete. Setae ve аге finely pectinate and arise at the same level as vi. Setae sce аге longer than sci. N опе of the dorsal leg setae аге thickened as spines. Only heteromorphic males аге formed and there is по posteriorly projecting opisthosomal plate. n the fohowing description, HUGHES' (1961) terminology is fohowed except where noted. АН measurements аге given in micrometers (flm) and represent ranges ог averages from 10 specimens. Claws and pretarsi аге excluded from tarsallength measurements. Femoral measurements include sections inserted in the trochanter Mattakeeset Street, МАТТАРАМ, Mass , U.S.A. 2. State Ппivегsitу of Ne\v York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, SYRACUSE, New York. Acarologia, t. хх, fasc. 1, 1978.

3 Lardoglyphus faloonidus п. sp. FЕМЛLЕ Length of idiosoma ; greatest width Body widest between second and third pairs of legs ; posteriorly shallowly bilobed (Fig. 1А). Dorsal and ventral surfaces most1y striate ; posterodorsal region spiny, not striate. Spines smaller, rounded and scale-like оп lateral and anterior portions of opisthosoma. Three pairs of opisthosomal cupules (ia, im, ip) 1. Lateroopisthosomal gland (gla) opens between la and lp. diosomal setae fi.nely barbed. Propodosomalopisthosomal groove indistinct, indicated Ьу changes in pattern of striation. Lengths of setae : vi ; ve 60-92; sci ; sce ; d ; d ; dз ; d4, ; hi ; he ; hv 61-80; la ; lp ; sai , sae Ventrally, two pairs of coxal setae, three pairs of genital setae, fi.ve pairs of anal setae (а ; а ; аз 60-80; а4, 16-28; as 12-26) and two pairs of postanals (ра ; ра ). Bursa copulatrix opening posteroventrally. Gnathosoma slender. Chelicerae 69-82; fi.xed digit with опе large tooth; movable digit with опе very small tooth. Legs long and slender, with well developed pretarsi and bifi.d claws. Leg segment lengths given in ТаЫе 1. Setation given in ТаЫе 2. Solenidion times the length of 002' Famulus (Fig. 1В) short, partially sunken in integument, distally rounded, dorsoventrally flattened. Solenidion 2long, whiplike ; solenidion а1 about fi.ve times longer than а2' Supracoxal seta tapering, fi.nely barbed, length МЛLЕ Length of idiosoma ; greatest width diosomal shape similar to female except rounded posteriorly (Fig. 2А). diosoma with dorsal and ventral striations but without spines ог scales. Posterior dorsal and ventral hysterosoma smooth. diosomal setae and cupules as in female. Setallengths: vi ; ve 53-66; sci ; sce ; d ; d ; d з ; d4, ; hi 65-94; he ; hv 50-70; la ; lp ; sai ; sae Ventrally, with two pairs of coxal setae and three pairs of genital setae. Anal setae anterior to anal suckers (Fig. 2В), bifi.d (Fig. 2С), length Three pairs of postanal setae : ра ; ра ; раз Aedeagus between сохае V. Gnathosoma and chelicerae as in female. Cheliceral length Legs (Tables 1, 2) terminating in а single claw which is modifi.ed оп leg П (Fig. 2D). Setae r and s spinose оп legs П and V. Leg V (Fig. 2Е) with two setae replaced Ьу suckers in the distal half of the tarsus. Supracoxal seta as in female, length Hypopus Length of idiosoma ; greatest width diosoma rounded (Fig. 3А). Ргороdosomal and hysterosomal shields reticulate, punctate as in other species of the genus. Lengths 1. These cupules are homologous to those descrihed Ьу Grandjean (1933) for orihatid mites. Hughes (1961) used the term "chitinous rings " for these structures. Acarologia, t. хх, fasc. 1,

4 FG А. Lardoglyphus falconidus п. sp. Female dorsal aspect. В. fa mulus, L. falconidus. с. famulus, 1_. zacheri and L. konoi,

5 - 131-, \ / / /, FG Lardoglyphus falconldus, п. sp. male. А. dorsal aspect. В. апаl region. С. апаl seta. D. tarsus, dorsal aspect. Е. tarsus V, dorsal aspect.

6 А '\... Е FG. з. - Lardoglyphus falconidus, 11. sp. hypopus. А. dorsal aspect. В. seta d 1. с. ve11tral sucker plate. D. gnathosoma, ve11tral aspect. Е. yariation in leaflike tarsal setae. F. paddle-like tarsal seta.

7 of propodosomal setae : vi 18-22; ve 8-11 ; sci ; sce Setae of the d series ranging from thin and setiform (d 1, Fig. 3В) to thicker spines (dз, а 4 ). Seta hv laterally inserted. Lengths of hysterosomal setae : d ; а ; d з 8-11 ; а4 8-11, hi ; he 8-15 ; hv ; la ; lp 10-12; sai ; sae 5-8. Ventral surface smooth. Epimeres 1 unite to form а short sternum. Epimeres -V free. Three pairs of chitinous rings ; опе pair оп coxal fields 1 and 111, and опе pair between сохае 11 and 111. А pair of setae present between сохае 11 and 111 and а pair between сохае V. Anal setae (а) bifid (Fig. 3С), length 8-9. Sucker plate (Fig. 3С) with а hyaline margin; two large central suckers, two anterior, four posterior and two lateral. Length of sucker plate ; width Two ridged horns lateral to central suckers as in L. konoi. Central sucker width ; anterior suckers sometimes asymmetrical, width 5-9. Gnathosoma (Fig. 3D) divided distally, \vith two pairs of setae. Length of apical solenidion (о) Legs with а single claw; leg V clawless but terminating in two long f1.agellate setae. Segment lengths and chaetotaxy given in Tables 1, 2. Tarsi 1 and 11 with five leaf-like setae (Fig. 3Е). Tarsus 111 with seven widened setae, ranging from leaf-like to paddle-like (Fig. 3F). Tarsus V with three paddle-like setae. PROTONYMPH Length of idiosoma ; greatest width Body oval, striate. diosomal setae аэ in adult, lengths : vi ; ve ; sci ; sce ; а ; а ; d з ; а ; hi ; he ; hv ; la ; lp ; sai ; sae Chelicerae as in adu1t, length Leg setation and segment lengths in Tables 1, 2. Legs -V monodactyl. Supracoxal seta as in adu1ts, length LARVA Length of idiosoma ; greatest width Body oval, striate. Odiosomal setae lengths : vi 21-26; ve 7-13, sci 12-20; sce 37-48; а ; а ; d з 14-20; а ; hi 11-14; he ; hv 8-12; la ; lp Chelicerae аэ in adu1ts. length Legs monodactyl. Leg setation and segment lengths in Tables 1, 2. Supracoxal seta as in adults, length Leg V absent. EGG Elliptical. Length Width REMARKS The spiny opisthosoma readily distinguishes females of this species from its congeners. The striations are also apparently unique to the adu1ts of this species. Descriptions of L. zacheri and L. konoi both state that the skin is smooth in both sexes. We have examined females of both species and males of L. zacheri and found по striations. The famulus is quite distinct from that of L. zacheri and L. konoi in ан stages. t is long and tapering in the latter two species (Fig. 1С).

8 TABLE 1: Меап Leg Segment Lengths (in рт) of Lardog1yphus fa1conidus Deve1opmenta1 Stage Leg Tarsus '"ibia Genu Femur 1arva protonymph V hypopu V fema1e V та1е V TABLE 2: Leg Setation of described species of Lard0S/:1YEhus (tarsus to tr.:>chanter, famu1us not inc1uded) Species Stage Leg 1 Leg Leg Leg V L. fa1conidus 1arva protonymph hypopus fema1e та1е L. zacheri protonymph hypopus та1е fema1e '0-1-0 L. konoi fema1e

9 n the male, the bifid anal setae аге distinctive, as well as legs П and V. There is some confusion in the literature regarding the claw and spine-like structures оп tarsus П. SASA and ASNUMA (1951) stated that tarsus П had two separate terminal claws in L. konoi. According to HUGHES (1956), the ambulacrum of leg П is replaced Ьу two spinelike structures in L. zacheri. We examined males of L. zacheri under polarized light and found that the larger spine is derived from the claw ; the smaller spine is а hypertrophied seta s. This is the case in ан three species of Lardoglyphus. n L. 1alconidus, the larger spine is curved and тоге claw-like than in the other two species, and seta s is а much smaller spine. Оп tarsi П and V, seta r is а wider, shorter spine than in the other two species. The suckers of tarsus V аге тоге distally placed in L. 1alconidus than in L. zacheri and L. konoi. The hypopus also possesses distinctive bifid anal setae. We have examined тапу hypopi and only found one in which these setae were not bifid. n that case, the setae were each tгifid, with а very thin central branch. The tarsal setae also differentiate this hypopus from the other species. L. zacheri has попе which аге leaf-or paddle-like. L. konoi has only one leaf-like seta (!) оп tarsi 1 and П, and only two paddle-like setae оп tarsus V. ТУРЕ MATERAL Туре series from the nest of an American kestrel (Р alco sparverius L.), J amesville, N. У., 24 J une 76, collected Ьу J. R. Philips. Holotype female, allotype male, and paratype hypopus, protonymph and larva deposited in the United States National Museum (Washington, D.C.). Paratypes deposited at the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology (Cambridge, Mass.), the Acarology Laboratory (Columbus, Ohio), the Hungarian Natural History Museum (Budapest) and the Prince Leopold nstitute for Tropical Medicine (Antwerp). KEYS ТО ТНЕ DESCRВED SPECES OF LARDOGLYPHUS (modifi.ed from Hughes, 1961) Females 1. Dorsal opisthosoma striate, with spines and scales falconidus n. sp. Dorsal opisthosoma smooth Setae d 4 approximately equal to d з konoi (S. & А.) Setae d 4 longer than twice d з zacheri Ouds. Males 1. Legs 1 and П with bifid claws zacheri Ouds. Legs 1 and П with undivided claws Anal setae bifid, anterior idiosoma striate.... Anal setae simple, anterior idiosoma smooth.... Hypopi falconidus n. sp. konoi (S. & А.) 1. No leaf-like tarsal setae... zacheri Ouds. Some leaf-like tarsal setae Anal setae bifid falconidus n. sp. Anal setae simple... 3

10 Seta га setiform angolensis (F. & с.) Seta га spine-like konoi (S. & А.) ВЮLОGУ OF LARDOGLYPHUS SPECES According to HUGHES (1956) the lifе cycles of L. zacheri and L. konoi mау Ье completed in days at 23 0 с. Both species possess а tritonymph stage, and neither is parthenogenetic. No tritonymphs of L. jalconidus have been found, and this stage appears to Ье lacking in this specles. HUGHES cu1tured L. zacheri and L. konoi оп dried heart muscle, whereas VJAYAMВlKA and J OHN (1974а) cultured L. konoi оп dried anchovy. L. konoi has been collected from butchers' offal, dried fi.sh and dried shellfi.sh, while L. zacheri is known from butchers' offal, bones, hides and sheepskin (HUGHES, 1961). RADOVSKY'S undescribed species represents an additional carrion record. L. jalconidus was collected from а nest-box 6 m high in а dead tree. The kestrels fiedged four young (D. CRUMB, pers. соmm.) and the nest was collected the day анег the last young left the nest. The nest was composed mainly of small bits of grass, wood, and leaves, with sawdust. Eggshell fragments, excreta and а few bones and feathers were present, as well as some regurgitated pellets consisting mainly of indigestible hair and chitin from ргеу. А pellet sample, extracted separately from other nest material in Tullgren funnels, also contained many specimens of L. jalconidus. The nest material weighed 705 g dry weight ; water content was 28 % of dry weight. We estimated the total nest population of L. jalconidus to Ье in excess of 8,000, in the following ргорог Among females, tions : larvae 8 %, protonymphs 39 % ; hypopi 41 % ; males 5 % ; females 7 %. 14 % contained three eggs, 37 % contained two eggs, 26 % contained one egg, and 23 % contained по eggs. We have observed fullgal spores (ргоьаыу Aspergillus sp.) in the guts of ан feeding stages. L. jalconidus was Ьу far the numerically dominant mite in this nest. t likely served as ргеу for such predators as Staphylinidae, Histeridae, Cheyletus trouessarti Ouds., Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopo1i), Dendrolaelaps sp. and Poecilochirus necrophori Vitzthum, also found in this nest. None of the above predators have previously been reported from American kestrel nests (HCKS, 1959, 1962, 1971). HUGHES (1956, 1961) found that food shortage caused hypopus formation in L. zacheri. 1n contrast, VJAYAMВlKA and ]OHN (1974а) found that overcrowding and food scarcity were not respollsible for hypopus formation in this species. 1n addition, по signifi.cant correlations were found between humidity, temperature and counts of hypopi. They believed that the ability of protonymphs to transform to deutonymphs тау Ье hormone-controlled. Hypopi of L. zacheri аге know to Ье phoretic оп larvae of Dermestes maculatus DeGeer, D. lardarius L., D. jrischii Kugelann, and NecroЫa rufipes DeGeer, and even adults of their own species (HUGHES, 1956). Hughes isolated а dermestid larva carrying 25 hypopi; nymphs appeared in three days, but one hypopus remained attached for 13 days. Hypopi showed по inclination to attach to dermestid adults, a1though they would seem to Ье far тоге effective dispersal hosts. SASA and ASANUMA (1951) found L. konoi hypopi attached to hairs of larvae of Dermestes sp. We have found hypopi of L. jalconidus attached to the abdomen and thorax of larvae of Dermestes pulcher Lec. from the nest. crevices and skin folds. Up to 21 hypopi рег larva were attached mainly at inter-segmental

11 BALGOOYEN (1976) found dermestid beetles, usually in high numbers, in every kestrel nest he examined in the Sierra N evadas. Mare nests of kestrels and other birds need to Ье examined to determine the distribution of L. falconidus and whether it uses adult dermestids as а dispersal agent for nest calonization. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are very grateful to D. CRUMB for notifying us of the nest and allowing us to collect it, D. MERRLL for assisting in collecting the nest, and D. L. DNDAL, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, N.Y. {ог advice and assistance. G. S. DE, Acarology Laboratory, Columbus, Ohio, kindly loaned us specimens of L. zacheri and L. konoi. LТERATURE CТED BALGOOYEN (Т. G.), Behavior and ecology of the American kestrel (Falco sparverius L.) in the Sierra Nevada of California. - Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 103 : FAN (А.) and CACERES (1.), Notes sur la faune acarologique de l'angola. Familles Acaridae, Saproglyphidae, Glycyphagidae et Pyroglyphidae (Sarcoptiformes). - Publ. Cult. Со. Diam. Ang. Lisboa (1973) : GRANDJEAN (F.), Observations sur les Oribates (5 е serie) - ВиН. Mus. Nat. Hist. Natur. (2), 5 : HCKS (Е. А.), Check-list and bibliography оп the оссипепс е of insects in birds' nests. - owa State Press, Ames, 681 рр Check-list and bibliography оп the оссипепсе of insects in birds' nests. -- Suppl.. owa State J. Sci. 36 (3) : Check-list and bibliography оп the оссипепсе of insects in birds' nests. - Suppl. П. owa State J. Sci. 46 (3) : HUGHES (А. М.), The mite genus Lardoglyphus Oudemans, 1927 (Hoshikadania Sasa and Asaпита, 1951). - Zool. Meded. 34: The mites of stored food. - Tech. ВиН. No. 9. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London, 287 рр. OUDEMANS (А. с.), Acarologische Aanteekeningen LXXXV. - Ent. Ber. VП : RADOVSKY (F. J.), Mites associated with coprolites and mummified human remains in Nevada. - Cont. Univ. Calif. Archaeol. Res. Facility 10 : SASA (М.) and ASANUMA (к.), А new food infesting acarid mite, Hoshikadania konoi п. g., п. sp., with notes оп the comparative morphology of its different sexes and stages. - ] ар. J. Ехр. Med. 21 : VJAYAMBKA (У.) and ]OHN (Р. А.), nternal morphology of the hypopus of Lardoglyphus konoi, а tyroglyphid pest оп dried stored fish. - Acarologia, 15 : а. - Observations оп the environmental regulation of hypopial formation in the fish mite Lardoglyphus konoi. - Acarologia, 16 : Ь. - nternal morphology and histology of the fish mite Lardoglyphus konoi (Sasa and Asaпита) (Acarina : Acaridae). 1. Digestive system - Acarologia, 16 : а. - nternal morphology and histology of the fish mite Lardoglyphus konoi (Sasa and Asaпита) (Acarina : Acaridae). 2. The reproductive system - Acarologia, 17 : Ь. - nternal morphology and histology of the fish mite Lardoglyphus konoi (Sasa and Asaпита) (Acarina : Acaridae). 3 Nervous system. - Acarologia, 17 : с. - nternal morphology and histology of the post-embryonic stages of the fish mite Lardoglyphus konoi (Sasa and Asanuma) (Acarina : Acaridae) 1. Larva - Acarologia, 17 : Paru еn Janvier 1979.