CODE-MIXING IN TAGALIZED NOVELS. Discussant: Faith G. Santos
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1 CODE-MIXING IN TAGALIZED NOVELS Discussant: Faith G. Santos
2 What is a Tagalized Novel? English Novel translated to Tagalog Twilight (2012) published by Precious Pages Corporation According to the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), translation helps the development of a national language. Translation makes it possible to recognize the contribution of different native cultures by sharing it to the rest of the nation in a language that majority of the people can relate to and understand. Tagalized novels: Twilight, The Hunger Games, Harry Potter and more Written by Ma. Rachel Yapchiongco
3 Code Mixing Mix up English words into daily Filipino utterances Excerpt from Twilight So, kumusta ang school? May mga bagong kaibigan ka ba? Well, may mga kaklase ako sa ilang subjects-si Jessica. Kasalo ko siya sa tanghalian. At mayroon ding lalaki-si Mike-na napaka-friendly. Mukhang mabait naman lahat ng estudyante. (Twilight, pp.40-41) Mas magandang sign. Tiyak na gusto ka nga niya. Sa tingin ko rin, pero ang hirap sabihin, eh. Napaka-cryptic niya palagi, sabi ko for Edward s benefit, sabay buntong-hininga. (Twilight, p.210)
4 Significance of the Study Shed light on the value of the Tagalized Novel as a tool in Second Language Acquisition Help both the Language Teachers and Educators to devise the integration of code mixing in teaching Enable administrators to create relevant language policies to foster an environment conducive for language learning
5 Statement of the Problem How is code-mixing evident in selected Tagalized Novels in terms of the following: - frequency of the usage of Filipino words - frequency of the usage of English words How are the code-mixed words analyzed in terms of their: 2.1 Lexical Structure 2.2 Morphological Structure What are the implications of the study to English Language Teaching and Learning?
6 Lexical Feature & Morphological Structure Lexical Feature - pertains to the category which a word belongs to. This may either be function or content words Morphological Structure - refers to morphological properties such as suffixation, prefixation and compounding
7 Relevant Researches Code-Mixing as a Bilingual Instructional Strategy (Garcia et al. 2014) This study investigated code-mixing practices, specifically the use of L2 (English) in an L1 (Chinese) class in a U.S. bilingual program Findings suggest that strategic use of code-mixing of bilinguals L1 and L2 in instruction may enhance students bilingual development and maximize their learning efficacy.
8 Scope and Delimitation of the Study focused on code mixing in Tagalized Novels Content Analysis was done to assess the structure of selected Best Seller English Fiction Novels Frequencies of usage of the Tagalog and English words were tabulated
9 Conceptual Framework Content Analysis of Tagalized Novels Lexical & Morphological Features Implications to Language Acquisition Code Mixing
10 METHODS OF STUDY AND SOURCES OF DATA Research Design This study used the Qualitative Research Design. Textual Analyses of select Tagalized Novels were done. Data Gathering and Procedure Content Analysis is the analysis of what is contained in a message Units of Analysis Syntactical units consist of discrete units of language, such as individual words, sentences, and paragraphs were analyzed
11 METHODS OF STUDY AND SOURCES OF DATA Code mixed conversations between main characters in the novel were the units of analysis Frequency of usage of English and Filipino words were tabulated and analyzed
12 Table1. Frequency of Code Mixed Words Sample Code Mixed Words Word Class Frequency Percentage Rating dina-dazzle verb hina-hunt verb ia-assign verb i-ambush verb i-appreciate verb ibe-break down verb i-cure verb i-dazzle verb i-describe verb i-distract verb i-enjoy verb i-excuse verb i-expose verb i-figure out verb i-handle verb ikinaka-curious verb iko-connect verb i-lure verb i-meet verb imi-meet verb i-modulate verb ina-analyze verb ine-expect verb in-expose verb ino-organize verb interview-hin verb
13 Table1. Frequency of Code Mixed Words Word Sample Code i-operate Mixed Words Class verb Frequency 1 Percentage 0.54 Rating 2 i-outrun verb i-persuade verb ipina-photocopy verb ipo-promote verb i-provoke verb i-pursue verb i-rearrange verb ire-report verb i-restart verb i-set verb i-sum up verb i-total wreck verb ito-tone verb i-track down verb itse-check verb i-turn down verb ka-confuse adjective ka-creative adjective ka-insignificant adjective ka-late adjective
14 Table1. Frequency of Code Mixed Words Sample Code Mixed Words Word Class Frequency Percentage Rating ka-rude adjective ka-superstitious adjective ka-tempting adjective ma-distract verb mae-exempt verb ma-excuse verb mafi-figure out verb ma-frustrate verb mag-a-assist verb mag-back off verb mag-camping verb mag-check out verb mag-commercial break verb mag-contribute verb mag-drive verb mag-e-effort verb mag-e-enjoy verb mag-flirt verb mag-focus verb
15 Table1. Frequency of Code Mixed Words Sample Code Mixed Words Word Class Frequency Percentage Rating mag-hunting verb mag-i-interrupt verb mag-join verb magka-cancel verb magka-cancel verb magma-match verb magmi-meet verb mag-on verb mag-order verb mag-pose verb mag-react verb mag-relax verb mag-repress verb magse-serve verb magshe-share verb mag-shopping verb magso-softdrink verb mag-spend verb mag-stay verb magta-try verb
16 Table1. Frequency of Code Mixed Words Sample Code Mixed Words Word Class Frequency Percentage Rating mai-massacre verb makaka-empathize verb makaka-recover verb makaka-survive verb makapag-stay verb makipag-interact verb maki-team verb male-late verb ma-overhear verb mare-realize verb naba-bother verb na-depress verb na-excite verb nafifigure-out verb nag- i-snow verb nag-a-apply verb nagba-blood typing verb nag-dare verb nagde-dare verb nagdedeliver verb
17 Table1. Frequency of Code Mixed Words Sample Code Mixed Words Word Class Frequency Percentage Rating nag-detour verb nagdya-juggling verb nag-eavesdrop verb nag-e-edit verb nag-e-enjoy verb nag-e-exist verb nag-e-expect verb nag-enroll verb nag-evolve verb nagfi-fit in verb nag-give-up verb nagha-hunt verb nagha-hyperventilate verb nag-identify verb nag-invest verb nagka-camping verb nagka-crush verb nagke-crave verb nagle-labor verb nag-off verb nag-offer verb
18 Table1. Frequency of Code Mixed Words Sample Code Mixed Words Word Class Frequency Percentage Rating nag-o-offer verb nagpe-play verb nag-react verb nag-recommit verb nagse-search verb nagsi-sink in verb nag-stay verb nag-work out verb na-homesick verb na-imagine verb na-inlove verb nai-record verb naka-develop verb nakaka-frustrate verb naka-lock verb nakapag-lab verb naka-sale adjective naka-strap verb naka-survive verb
19 Table1. Frequency of Code Mixed Words Sample Code Mixed Words Word Class Frequency Percentage Rating naka-wheelchair adjective naki-join verb nakikipagdate verb nakipag-break verb na-mesmerize verb na-miss verb nanda-dazzle verb nangha-hunting verb nangha-hunting verb napaka-busy adjective napaka-challenging adjective napaka-civil adjective Napaka-cryptic adjective napaka-cute adjective napaka-friendly adjective napaka-interesting adjective Napaka-safe adjective napaka-subjective adjective na-realize verb nare-realize verb na-sidetrack verb na-take over verb
20 Table1. Frequency of Code Mixed Words Sample Code Mixed Words Word Class Frequency Percentage Rating na-torture verb na-upset verb nire-rate verb pag-a-assume verb pagda-drive verb pagshe-share verb paki-page verb pangha-hunting verb Pinaka-sensitive adjective taga-la Push (in La Push) adjective tino-torment verb uma-absent verb um-order verb Total 186
21 Excerpts from Twilight: Code Mixed Words as Content Words (Verbs) Sino iyong lalaking may reddish brown na buhok? tanong ko kay Jessica. Siya si Edward. He s gorgeous, siyempre pa, pero huwag ka nang magsayang ng oras. Hindi siya nanliligaw o nakikipag-date. Apparently, walang sinuman sa mga babae rito ang pumapasa sa taste niya. (Twilight, p.27) Kilala mo ba ang Cullen family? nag-aalinlangang tanong ko. Ang pamilya ni Doctor Cullen? Oo naman. Mabuting tao si Doctor Cullen. Iyong...iyong mga batang Cullen...medyo kakaiba silang lahat. Parang hindi sila nagfi-fit in nang maayos sa school...nagka-camping trip sila every other weekend. Wow, sabi ni Mike. Nag-i-snow, o. (Twilight, pp.40-41)
22 Excerpts from Twilight: Code Mixed Words as Content Words (Adjectives) So, kumusta ang school? May mga bagong kaibigan ka ba? Well, may mga kaklase ako sa ilang subjects-si Jessica. Kasalo ko siya sa tanghalian. At mayroon ding lalaki-si Mike-na napakafriendly. Mukhang mabait naman lahat ng estudyante. (Twilight, pp.40-41) Mas magandang sign. Tiyak na gusto ka nga niya. Sa tingin ko rin, pero ang hirap sabihin, eh. Napaka-cryptic niya palagi, sabi ko for Edward s benefit, sabay buntong-hininga. (Twilight, p.210)
23 Code-Mixed Words in terms of Morphological Structure Table 2. Derivational Morphemes Word Samples Structure in terms of Derivational Morpheme English Equivalent ikinaka-curious i+ki+naka+curious, Tagalog prefixes i+ki+naka+english word being curious about ina-analyze i+na+analyze, Tagalog prefixes i+na+english word analyzing ino-organize i+no+organize, Tagalog prefixes i+no+english word organizing kino-cover ki+no+cover, Tagalog prefixes ki+no+english word Covering naba-bother na+ba+bother, Tagalog prefixes na+ba+english word Bothering nafifigure-out na+(fi)+figure-out, Tagalog prefix na+reduplication of 1st syllable of English word+ English word figuring it out
24 Code-Mixed Words in terms of Morphological Structure Table 2. Derivational Morphemes Word Samples Structure in terms of Derivational Morpheme English Equivalent nagba-blood typing nag+ba+blood typing, Tagalog prefixes nag+ba+english word blood typing nag-i-snow nag+i+snow, Tagalog prefixes nag+i+english word Snowing nagka-camping nag+ka+camping, Tagalog prefixes nag+ka+english word Camping nakaka-frustrate na+ka (ka)+frustrate, Tagalog prefixes na+ka+english word frustrating nakikipagdate na+ki (ki)+pag+date, Taglog prefixes na+ki+pag+english word Dating tino-torment ti+no+torment, Tagalog prefixes ti+no+english word tormenting uma-absent um+a+absent, Tagalog prefix um+a+ English word being absent
25 RESULTS Majority of words used are in Filipino Lexical Structure- similar to grammatical function Morphological Structure Morphological Adaptation of unassimilated borrowings - Phonological citations embedded into Tagalog Morphological System, rootwords - Hyphen between unassimilated root & Tagalog prefix - Derived borrowings:conjugated forms of Tagalog verbs - Repetition of 1 st letter of verb plus word, i plus hyphen
26 IMPLICATION & RECOMMENDATION Tagalized Novels as potential Instructional Materials Experimental Study using Tagalized Novels in order to compare the reading comprehension of the experimental and control groups: Acceptability of Translated Novels in Understanding the English Language
27 THANK YOU SA INYONG PAG-LISTEN!
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