Gross and histological comparison of hydatid cyst infection in livers of sheep and cows

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1 Gross and histological comparison o hydatid cyst inection in livers o sheep and cows M.A.H. Al Se adawy. M. J.A.AlKaled Coll. o Scie./ Unive.o Al-Muthanna Coll. o Vet.Med./ Unive. o AlQadisiya Abstract 3 samples o ertile hydatid cysts and 3 other sterile were collected rom sheep liver and 3 samples o sterile hydatid cysts rom cows liver. Inected liver samples with hydatid cyct were obtained rom meat seal shops in AL-Muthanna province in December 2010,then measured dimentions o cysts and calculated quantity o hydatid luid and viability o protoscolices by staining with eosin stain then examining under light microscope o 40x. petechial hemorrhage and paleness around cysts were important gross lesions in sheep in addition to calciication in cow hydatid cysts, on other hand the histological lesions were thickened ibrous layer and sever necrosis with iniltrations o eosinophils and extensive calciication in cows liver. There was signiicant eect o amount o hydatid cyst, thickness o ibrous layer and thickness o necrotic layer. Hydatid disease due to cystic echinococcosis is one o the most important public health and economic problems in dierent countries including Iraq. Hydatid disease is a zoonosis caused by the tapeworm o Echinococcus spp. These species include E. granulosus, E multilocularis, E vogeli or E oligarthrus 1. These parasites live as a small intestinal tapeworm o dogs and occasionally other carnivores 2. Their larval orm causes hydatidosis in domestic animals and man 3. The shedding o gravid proglottids or eggs in the eces occurs within 4 6 weeks ater inection o the deinitive host. Ingestion o eggs by intermediate host animals (sheep, cattle, goats, horses, camels) or human results in the release o an oncosphere into the gastrointestinal tract, which then migrates to primary target organs such as liver and lungs, and less requently to other organs 4. Usually the ully mature metacestode (i.e. hydatid cyst) develops within several months or years. The hydatid disease is prevalence where livestock is raised in association with dogs. 3 samples o ertile hydatid cysts and 3 other sterile were collected rom sheep liver and 3 samples o sterile hydatid cysts rom cow s liver. Inected liver samples with hydatid cysts are obtained rom meat seal shops in AL-Muthanna province in Introduction Materials and Methods ;6 Those endemic areas include Australia, Latin America, Europe, Arica and the Middle East 5.Liver is the most common site o cystic development, in over 90% o liver cysts; the oncosphere is trapped in the central veins o the hepatic lobules and the resultant cyst may be deep or supericial and it causes compression o the liver cells which can lead to biliary stasis and cholangitis 6. The cyst may present as a liver abscess and large cyst can produce localized or diuse hepatomegaly 7. Local pathological eects depend on the site o the hydaid cyst; ruptured liver cyst through the diaphragm can produce a pleural eusion or bronchobiliary istula 8.The parasite destroys the liver parenchyma, bile ducts and blood vessels resulting in symptoms o biliary obstruction, portal hypertension and necrosis o the central portion o the cyst with abscess ormation. Growth o the germinal membrane into blood vessels produces metastasis to almost any organ, but they are more commonly ound in the lungs and brain 9. December 2010 and put the samples in cleaned container and transerred to laboratory.in irst time important gross pathological changes recorded on inected samples like petechial hemorrhage, iniltrations, bloody patches around cycts

2 and calciications, Then measured ( length while other green are alive 10,11.Cysts and width ) o cysts and calculated the opened careully and noticed germinal quantity o hydatid luid and collected in layer which isolated in container then clean and disinected containers. Hydatid cutting the cyst with part o liver tissue or luid was aspirated rom cyst by syringe certain distances (1cm,2cm and 3cm) rom and protoscolices were scraped rom sides cysts and tissues put in ormalin 10 % then o germinal layer and putting in test tubes discharging o ormalin and replaced with then centriuged at 2500 rpm or 5 minute, another ormalin ater one day.sas 12 the supernatant discharged and sediment Users Guide used with Complete used or measuring viability o Randomized Design in analyzing o protoscolices by staining with eosin stain research data, the dierences between then examining under light microscope o averages were tested at P 0.05 by 40x. the red protoscolices consider dead Duncan 13. The samples were evaluated grossly and histology Grossly Sheep Sterile cysts : petechial hemorrhage and iniltrations inlammatory cells around cysts. Fertile cysts : blood patches, iniltrations o inlammatory cells around cysts and paleness o most areas o liver. Cows Sterile cysts : calciications, blood patches and iniltrations o inlammatory cells around cysts and pale on margins o liver.length, width and amount o luid in sheep or sterile hydatid cysts were 7247 centimetres(cm), 4272 cm and millilitres (ml) respectively while or ertile hydatid cysts were 7272 cm, 5272 cm and 492:2 ml respectively. In cows or sterile hydatid cysts were 7272 cm, 4272 cm and :27: ml respectively (table 1,2) (igure 1,2). The signiicant eect exist at p 0.05 o amount o luid o hydatid cysts. Histology Sheep: Sterile cysts : thickened ibrous layer and sever necrosis (neuclei o hepatocytes appear in dierent stages o necrosis, some neuclei appear pyknotic or Karyorrhexis while other appear Results ;7 karyolysis) with iniltrations o eosinophils (eosinophilia). Ater these layers, the normal tissue appears with normal hepatocytes and sinosides without iniltrations o inlammatory cells (picture 5,6). Fertile cysts : thickened ibrous layer and sever necrosis with eosinophilia and severe scattered o inlammatory cells with ibrous tissue. Ater these layers, the normal tissue appears with oci o inlammatory cells(picture 7,8). Cows Sterile cysts : Thickened ibrous layer and sever necrosis with eosinophilia and extensive calciication along hepatic tissue. The normal tissue appears with severe scattered o inlammatory cells and ibrous tissue (picture 9,10).Thickness o ibrous layer o sterile and ertile hydatid cysts in sheep and sterile cysts in cows were micrometer, 6:264 micrometer and ;52;6 micrometer respectively, thickness o necrotic layer in sheep o sterile and ertile hydatid cysts and sterile cysts in cows were micrometer,95239 micrometer and micrometer respectively. The signiicant eect exist at p 0.05 (table 3) (igure 3). Table (1) length o sterile and ertile hydatid cysts in sheep and cows Sheep cow sterile cysts ertile cysts sterile cysts length o cysts(cm) N.S width o 4272 cysts(cm) N.S Signiicant level

3 Table (2) amount o luid o sterile and ertile hydatid cysts in sheep and cows Sheep cow Signiicant sterile cysts ertile cysts sterile cysts level amount o b* a* c* luid o :2 :27: 2227 cysts(cm 3 ) *The dierent letters in the same row reer to presence o signiicant eect at p length width sheep(sh) cow(sh) sheep(fh) Fig. (1) length and width o sterile and ertile hydatid cysts in sheep and cows Fig. (2) amount o luid (cm 3 ) o sterile and ertile hydatid cysts in sheep and cows ;8

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 thickness o necrotic layer

(micrometer) o sterile and ertile hydatid cysts in

(1) Liver o sheep inected with hydatid cyst Pic.

4 thickness o necrotic layer thickness o ibrous layer 10 0 sheep(sh) cow(sh) sheep(fh) Fig. (3) thickness o ibrous layer and necrotic layer (micrometer) o sterile and ertile hydatid cysts in sheep and cows Pic. (1) Liver o sheep inected with hydatid cyst Pic. (2) Brood capsule rom inected sheep liver by eosin(red) Pic. (3) Dead protoscolex Stained by eosin (Red) Pic(4)Alive protoscolices Stained by eosin (Green) ;9

necrosis(n) o sterile cysts in sheep Pic.

necrosis(n) o sterile cysts in sheep n Pic.

eosinophilia(n) o ertile cyst in sheep ;: Pic.

5 n n Pic. (5) thickened ibrous layer() and sever necrosis(n) o sterile cysts in sheep Pic. (6) thickened ibrous layer() and sever necrosis(n) o sterile cysts in sheep n Pic.(7) ibrous layer() and sever necrosis with eosinophilia(n) o ertile cyst in sheep ;: Pic.(8)ibrous layer with severe scattered o inlammatory cells with ibrous tissue() o ertile cyst in sheep

histological lesions represented in inlammatory reaction, ibrosis and necrosis in the area near to the cysts.

6 c Pic.(9) (4X) extensive calciication(c) along hepatic tissue o sterile cysts in cow Pic.(10) ibrous layer and sever necrosis with eosinophilia() o sterile cysts in cow The present study revealed that the presence o hydatid cysts in the liver o sheep and cows resulted in dierent histological lesions represented in inlammatory reaction, ibrosis and necrosis in the area near to the cysts. Such o these eects were mostly documented in dierent animals inected with dierent species o Echinococcus 6,14,15.In goat and sheep, Blanton et al. (1998) 16 showed evidence o marked host cellular reaction consisting o iniltration o the adventitial layer with neutrophils, eosinophils, and plasma cells. In addition to this inlammatory iniltrate, the new space between the liver tissue and cyst wall contained disorganized ibroblasts and Discussion ;; mesenchymal cells. In the most necrotic areas, the laminate layer could not be collected together with adherent liver tissue and the adventitial layer appeared completely degenerated and it was replaced by acute inlammatory cells.also, Ritter (1987) 17 suggested that the liver cell necrosis may be either due to progressive action o intracellular enzymes o the injured cells or to a metabolic disturbance and inhibition o synthesis needed o DNA and hence protein synthesis.there is signiicant eect o amount o hydatid cyst which is higher in ertile cyst that contain alive and prolierated protoscolices which based on hydatid luid components in nutritional requirements.the thickness o

7 ibrous and necrotic layer is signiicantly educated not to contact with wild animals. aect between sheep and cows due to There is a need or a suitable eradication dierent o deense mechanism and program, so that untreated dogs as well as cellular eects with dierence o animal oxes, which play an important role in the species.in conclusion, echinococcosis is contagiousness o the disease in rural still an important health problem in Iraq areas, can be eradicated as an inectious that needs urther study. The people agent. traveling to endemic areas should be 1. Lewis, J.W.; Koss, N. and Kerstein; M.D. (1975). A review o echinococcal disease. Ann. Sug., 181: Dent, C.R. and Kelly, J.D. (1976). Cestodes parasites o dog in central table land o New South Wales. Aust. Vet. J., 52: Baldock, F.C.; Thompson, R.A. and Kumaratilake, L.M. (1985). Strain identiication o E. granulosus in determining origin o inection in a case o human hydatid disease in Australia. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trap. Med. Hyg., 79: Amman, R.W. and Eckert, J. (1996). Cestodes: Echinococcus. Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am., 25: Schaeer, J.W. and Khan, M.Y. (1991). Echinococcosis (hydatid disease): lessons rom experience with 59 patients. Rev. Inect. Dis., 13: Kebede, N. Mitiku, A. and Tilabun, G. (2009). Hydatidosis o slaughtered animals in Bahir Dar abattoir, northwestern Ethiopia. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 41(1): Moro, P.L.; Gonzalez, A.E. and Gilman, R.H. (2000). Cystic hydatid diseases. In: Hunter's Tropical Medicine and Emerging Inectious Disease, 8th ed. (Stickland G. T.) W. E. Saunders Co. USA: Reerences Gerazounis, M.; Athanassiadi, K.; Metaxas, E.; Athanassiou, M. and Kalantzi, N. (2002). Bronchobiliary istulae due to echinococcosis. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., 22: Gutierrez, Y. (1990). Diagnostic Pathology o Parasitic Inections with Clinical Correlations. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger., Smyth, J. and Baret,N.J.(1980). Procedure or testing viability o human hydeid cyst olling surgical, especially ater chemotherapy.trans roy soc trop med hyg 74: Smyth,J.D. and davies,z.(1974).accourance o physiolyicd strains o Echinococcus granulosus demonstrated by invitro culture o protoscolices rom sheep and horse hydetid cyst.in.j. parasitol.4: SAS. (2001). SAs users guide. Statistics version SAS institute, Inc, cary, NC. 13. Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11: Sereettin, M.; Merih, G.; Tulay, C. and Astarcioglu, H. (2003). The Pathology o Echinococcosis and the Current Echinococcosis Problem in Western Turkey (A Report o Pathologic Features in

8 80 Cases). Turk. J. Med. Sci., 33: Dai, W.; Waldvogel, A.; Slles-Lucas, M.; and Gottstein, B. (2004). Echinococcus multilocularis prolieration in mice and respective parasite 14-3-gene expression is mainly controlled by an α β ++ CD4 T-cellmediated immune response. Immunology, 112: Blanton, R.; Ernest, M.; Wachira, T.; Magambo, K.; Zeyhle; E.; and Schantz, P. (1998). Oxendazole Treatment or Cystic Hydatid Disease in Naturally Inected Animals. Am. Soc. Microbiol., 42(3): Ritter, E. J. (1987). Altered Biosynthesis. In: Handbook o Teratology. Vol.2 Plenum Press, New York. مقارنة عيانية ونسيجية لإلصابة باألكياس العذرية في أكباد األغنام واألبقار هه ذ عثذ الحض ي حوزج الضعذاوي كل ح العلىم / جاهعح الوث ى ه صىر جذعاى عل الخالذي كل ح الطة الث طزي/ جاهعح القادص ح الخالصة ذن اخذ ع اخ أك اس عذر ح هي أكثاد أغ ام ( 5 ع اخ عق وةح وهثلهةا خصةثح و 5 ع ةاخ هةي األك ةاس العق وةح ية أألتقةار هصةةاتح هةةي هحةةصخ القصةةات ي يةة هحاي ةةح الوث ةى خةصش رةهز كةةا ىى األوش لضة ح ق ضةد أتعةاد األك ةاس وحضةثد كو ةح وح ى ةح الةز وس األول ةح تاصةرخذام بةث ح او ىصة ي ذحةد الواهةز الاةىو تةالقىج 2X62 ثةن أخةذخ هقةا ض ا ح لهذ األكثاد ولوضاياخ هع ح وقزأ الرأث ز الوزض لهذ األك اس على أ ضاح الكثذ وأك اس الصفزاء 2 وجةذ أى ال ةز ألحثزي والشحىب ية أكثةاد األغ ةام الوصةاتح تااضةايح للةركلش ية أكثةاد األتقةار أهةن ا يةاخ الع ا ةح الوشةاهذج أهةا ا يةاخ ا ل ض ا ح يق ذ لىح د ا لطثق ة ح ا ل ل ف ة ح ا لض ةو ك ح و ثق ة ح ا ل خ ةز و ارذش ةاي ا لخص ةا ا لحو ا ة ح و ا ل ةرك لش الىاصة الشةاهل لكةل أجةزاء الو طقح الوصاتح ي أكثاد األتقار الوصاتح 2 ظهز الرأث ز الوع ىي ي كو ح الضاول العذري وصوك الطثقح الل ف ح وصوك ثقةح ال خز 2 323

Histological Effects of Cystic Echinococcosis on the Liver of Sheep

The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine (2009) Vol., 37: 656-663 Histological Effects of Cystic Echinococcosis on the Liver of Sheep Nabeel Zaki Zahed Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science,