Circulation of Toxocara spp. in suburban and rural ecosystems in the Slovak Republic
|
|
- Mary Lewis
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Veterinary Parasitology 126 (2004) Circulation of Toxocara spp. in suburban and rural ecosystems in the Slovak Republic D. Antolová a, *, K. Reiterová a, M. Miterpáková a, M. Stanko b, P. Dubinský a a Parasitological Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, Košice, Slovak Republic b Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Löfflerova 10, Košice, Slovak Republic Received 19 February 2004; received in revised form 29 July 2004; accepted 10 August 2004 Abstract Toxocara spp., the common roundworms of domestic and wild animals, are the causative agents of larval toxocarosis in humans. The migration of Toxocara larvae in men causes clinical syndrome, called larva migrans visceralis or larva migrans ocularis. The objective of the present work was to investigate the prevalence of toxocarosis in dogs, red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and small mammals in the Slovak Republic. T. canis infection was diagnosed in 16.6% out of 145 dogs examined. Young animals showed significantly higher positivity (50.0%) than adults (12.4%). Coprological investigation of 310 red foxes showed 8.1% prevalence of T. canis, with higher occurrence in animals from rural conditions (8.6%) than from suburban environment (5.6%). Out of 710 small mammals examined, anti-toxocara antibodies were detected in 7.7% of the animals. The most frequently seropositive species was Apodemus agrarius (15.9%). Seropositivity of small mammals from suburban localities was higher (10%) compared with rural areas (5.8%), with adult animals exhibiting higher seropositivity (8.0%) than subadults (6.8%). Our results have confirmed the importance of dogs, red foxes and small mammals in circulation of this serious helminthozoonosis in suburban and rural ecosystems. # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Toxocara canis; Dog; Red fox; Small mammals; Epidemiology; Larva migrans * Corresponding author. Tel.: address: halas@saske.sk (D. Antolová) /$ see front matter # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi: /j.vetpar
2 318 D. Antolová et al. / Veterinary Parasitology 126 (2004) Introduction Larval toxocarosis is a serious helmithozoonosis caused by larval stages of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, frequent parasites of domestic and wild carnivores. The life cycle of these parasites is direct but in their circulation paratenic hosts also play a significant role. Adult worms, in the intestinal tract of definitive host, shed eggs via the faeces into the environment where, after the development, they are ingested by definitive or paratenic hosts. In definitive hosts (carnivores), the larvae of Toxocara spp. overcome tracheal or somatic migration. They reach the small intestine in young animals, while in adults they usually stay in the tissues as somatic or dormant larvae. In the intestine of paratenic hosts larvae hatch from the eggs, migrate via blood vessels and then remain as somatic larvae in the tissues (Overgaauv and van Knapen, 2000). This migration in man causes the complex of symptoms called larva migrans visceralis (VLM) or, if the eyes are damaged, larva migrans ocularis (OLM). Milder form of toxocarosis, called covert toxocarosis, is also very common. The most common wild carnivore in the Slovak Republic is red fox (Vulpes vulpes), definitive host of Toxocara spp. In the wildlife, about 50% of its diet consists of small mammals, frequent paratenic hosts of Toxocara spp. A territory of a red fox usually spans over 5 50 km 2, with optimal population density being 2 individuals per 1000 ha (Reichholf, 1996). According to the Associations of Hunters, the current population density of this animal in the Slovak Republic is excessive for seven to eight times that markedly contributes to its spread into suburban and urban areas. Thus the infected red foxes and small mammals, except domestic carnivores seem to be another risk factor in circulation of toxocarosis. From the aspect of urbanisation of foxes is important to point out the fact that T. canis eggs isolated from red foxes showed significant higher infectivity compared with those isolated from dogs (Epe et al., 1999). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of toxocarosis in hosts, which present the major risk factors of larval toxocarosis in humans, i.e. in dogs, red foxes and small mammals. 2. Material and methods 2.1. Red foxes and dogs A total of 310 red foxes collected in the period of October 2002 February 2003 within the monitoring of occurrence of Echinococcus spp. and Trichinella spp. in the Slovak Republic were included in this study. The capture site of every fox was recorded. Samples of faeces from the animals negative for the rabies were stored at 80 8C at least for 7 days to minimise the risk of Echinococcus multilocularis infection. The localities of the origin of these animals were characterised as follows: suburban locality peripheral part of cities, elevation of m above sea level; and rural locality countryside settlements, elevation of m above sea level. Faecal samples were obtained from 145 stray and pet dogs. The data as sex, age, and place of keeping were collected. Animals aged up to 8 months were classified as young.
3 2.2. Small mammals Free-living small mammals were trapped during in localities with different degree of human involvement. They were caught in the standard live and snap traps set in lines. The traps were spaced 5 m apart, and each line was exposed usually in two nights. Trap lines were checked regularly in the morning. The wick soaked in oil and nut mixture were used as baits. Examined small mammals came from six areas of the East Slovakia, namely Košická kotlina basin (alluvial habitats, windbreaks, acacia belts, fields, forest ecotones, gardens, deer parks, m above sea level a.s.l.), Východoslovenská rovina plain (fields, windbreaks, field forests, shrubs, gardens, lowland forests in protected areas, m a.s.l.), Beskydské predhorie Mountains (alluvial habitats in agricultural landscape, forest ecotones, m a.s.l.), Ondavská vrchovina Mountains (alluvial habitats in agricultural landscape, m a.s.l.) and small part of mammals (1.4%) was caught in other areas of the East Slovakia (Valaškovce and Úhorná). Examined material consisted of the following species: Sorex araneus common shrew (Linnaeus, 1758), Sorex minutus pygmy shrew (Linnaeus, 1766), Neomys fodiens water shrew (Pennant, 1771), Clethrionomys glareolus bank vole (Schreber, 1780), Microtus arvalis common vole (Pallas, 1778), Microtus subterraneus common pine vole (de Sélys-Longchaps, 1836), Apodemus flavicollis yellow-necked mouse (Melchior, 1834), Apodemus sylvaticus wood mouse (Linnaeus, 1758), Apodemus agrarius striped field mouse (Pallas, 1711) and Apodemus microps (Kratochvíl and Rosický, 1952). The captured animals were zoologically identified and subjected to necropsy. The hearts with its blood clot were cut open, eluted in 1 ml of saline solution for 24 h and then centrifuged at 500 g for 2 min (Treml and Nesňálová, 1993). Eluates were subsequently used for serological examination Coprological examination D. Antolová et al. / Veterinary Parasitology 126 (2004) In total, 310 red foxes and 145 dogs faecal samples were investigated for the presence of intestinal parasites by the standard flotation method using the Sheather solution (saturated sucrose solution, specific gravity 1.3) Determination of anti-toxocara antibodies by ELISA T. canis larval excretory secretory antigens were prepared by the method of De Savigny (1975). Antibodies were determined in the eluates from the hearts of small mammals using an ELISA modified by Havasiová-Reiterová et al. (1995). Microtitre plates were coated overnight at 4 8C with antigen containing 1 mg/ml protein diluted in carbonate buffer, ph 9.6. The plates were washed three times with phosphate buffer saline ph 7.2 containing Tween 20 (PBS-T20). The eluates (diluted 1:2 in 5% skimmed milk in PBS-T20) were placed to plates in a volume 100 ml per well. After the 1 h incubation at 37 8C the plates were repeatedly washed three times. Horse-radish peroxidase-labelled anti-mouse immunoglobulin (Anti-mouse Polyvalent Immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM; SIGMA) diluted 1:8000 in a volume 100 ml was used as conjugate. After incubation for 1 h plates
4 320 D. Antolová et al. / Veterinary Parasitology 126 (2004) were washed three times and 100 ml of substrate (o-phenylenediamin with 0.05% H 2 O 2 ) was added. The reaction was stopped after 20 min of incubation in the dark at the room temperature by 50 ml of2mh 2 SO 4 and the optical density was measured spectrophotometrically at 490 nm (Thermo Labsystems Opsys MR, USA) Data analysis The significance of the differences in prevalence of T. canis according to the place of the origin, age and species of animals was evaluated by the chi-square test with Yates correction. 3. Results 3.1. Red foxes Out of 310 examined red foxes, T. canis was detected in 25 animals (8.1%). In addition, Toxascaris leonina was found in 47.1% of foxes investigated (146/310). When comparing the occurrence of T. canis and T. leonina in rural and suburban ecosystems, the higher prevalence was recorded in rural foxes (8.6 and 48.4%, respectively) than in foxes captured on the town periphery (5.6 and 40.1%, respectively). No significant association between infection rate and capture site was observed. (Table 1) Dogs Results of coprological investigation of dogs, related to the age and the origin of dogs, are shown in Table 2. T. canis eggs were detected in 24 out of 145 investigated dogs, representing the incidence of 16.6%. The higher positivity was recorded in young dogs (50%) than in dogs older than 8 months (12.4%). This difference in the rate of infection is statistically significant (P < 0.01). Stray dogs were infected significantly more frequently (32.1%) (P < 0.01) than pet ones (7.6%). T. leonina eggs were detected only in one adult of stray dog Small mammals Examination of 710 small mammals revealed 55 positive individuals, representing the prevalence of 7.7%. Trapped animals were classified into 10 species. Among them, the Table 1 Occurrence of Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina in red foxes according to the place of origin Locality Toxocara canis Toxascaris leonina N/n Positivity (%) N/n Positivity (%) Suburban 3/ / Rural 22/ / Total 25/ / N number of positive samples, n number of examined samples.
5 D. Antolová et al. / Veterinary Parasitology 126 (2004) Table 2 Occurrence of Toxocara canis a Toxascaris leonina in dogs according to their role and age Helminths Age of dogs Role of dogs Total positivity of dogs Young Adult Stray Pet N/n % N/n % N/n % N/n % N/n % T. canis 8/ / / / / T. leonina 0/ / / / /1 0.7 N number of positive samples, n number of examined samples, % positivity. Table 3 Species representation of small mammals and occurrence of anti-toxocara antibodies according to the place of origin Small mammals Suburban Rural Total positivity N/n % N/n % N/n % Apodemus agrarius 24/ / / Apodemus flavicollis 4/ / / Clethrionomys glareolus 1/ / / Microtus arvalis 0/1 0 0/70 0 0/71 0 Apodemus microps 0/3 0 0/52 0 0/55 0 Sorex araneus 0/2 0 0/9 0 0/11 0 Apodemus sylvaticus 0/5 0 0/1 0 0/6 0 Microtus subterraneus 0/2 0 0/2 0 Sorex minutus 0/1 0 0/1 0 Neomys fodiens 0/1 0 0/1 0 Total 29/ / / N number of positive samples, n number of examined samples, % positivity. most numerous species was Apodemus agrarius with the highest number of infected animals (46 out of 290 individuals) accounting for the 15.9% seroprevalence. Less numerous was species A. flavicollis with 3.5% positivity. Out of 73 representatives of the species Clethrionomys glareolus, only 2 animals were positive (2.7%). The remaining less frequent species were free of toxocarosis (Table 3). A statistically significant higher occurrence of anti-toxocara antibodies was recorded only in the A. agrarius (P < 0.05) when compared to another positive species. Table 4 Occurrence of anti-toxocara antibodies in small mammals according to the age Age category N n Positivity (%) Adult Subadult Unknown Total N number of positive samples, n number of examined samples.
6 322 D. Antolová et al. / Veterinary Parasitology 126 (2004) In accordance to the place of the origin, the higher incidence of toxocarosis was observed in suburban (10%) than in rural conditions (6.2%). However, there was no significant difference observed between these amounts (Table 3). The number of anti- Toxocara positive animals was higher in adult hosts (8%) than in subadult ones (6.8%), with no significant difference recorded (Table 4). 4. Discussion Relatively expansive spread of red foxes and their expansion into town areas implicate the risk of dissemination of T. canis and also of other parasite eggs. Deposition of faeces on public places can lead to infection, especially in children. Since Toxascaris leonina is able to circulate between the red foxes and small mammals (its paratenic hosts), we have also surveyed its prevalence in the Slovak region. Our results indicate that T. leonina is a more prevalent nematode (47.1%) in red foxes in the Slovak Republic than T. canis (8.1%). Similar data were recently acquired in the Spanish territory (52.2 and 4.4%, respectively) (Criado-Fornelio et al., 2000). However, our observations regarding prevalence do not correspond with the previous report from the Slovak Republic presented by Letková et al. (2001) (14.9 and 27.7%, respectively) and reports from other European countries. For example, Balicka-Ramisz et al. (2003) observed T. leonina in 0.9% and T. canis in 39.8% of red foxes in Poland and Smith et al. (2003) found 0.3 and 62%, respectively, positive foxes in Great Britain. A possible explanation of striking variation in prevalence might be attributed to the fact that T. canis is more common in young animals than in older animals in which larvae remain as somatic larvae in their tissues and T. leonina infects mainly adult carnivores (Jurášek and Dubinský, 1993). The adult foxes prevailed in our epidemiological study. In addition, the research of Letková et al. (2001) was carried out not in the whole territory of Slovakia, but only in the east Slovak region. The occurrence of both, T. canis and T. leonina, was higher in rural localities in comparison to suburban areas. This is in agreement with observations of Richards et al. (1995) who found higher positivity in red foxes originating from rural areas (76%) than from urban areas (61.1%). Dogs represent another important host implying environmental contamination with T. canis eggs. Our study revealed the 16.6% prevalence of T. canis and 0.7% of T. leonina, that is similar to results of Barutzki and Schaper (2003) who observed prevalences of 22.4 and 1.8%, respectively, in Germany. Significant differences were recorded between the occurrence of T. canis in young dogs (50%) and adult dogs (12.4%), that corresponds to the findings of Habluetzel et al. (2003) who found prevalences of 42.7 and 15.7%, respectively, in Italy. Stray dogs were more than four times positive for T. canis than domestic ones. This fact is due to the lack or complete absence of deworming of free-living animals. We detected 7.7% prevalence of anti-toxocara antibodies in small mammals. The majority of captured micromammals belonged to the Order Rodentia (A. agrarius, A. flavicollis, A. microps, A. sylvaticus, C. glareolus, P. subterraneus, M. arvalis), remaining originated from the Order Insectivora. Anti-Toxocara antibodies were recorded only in the rodent species. The most abundant species with the highest number of seropositive animals (15.9%) was that of striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius). This species is very abundant in mammal communities of East Slovakia with strong non-cyclic
7 D. Antolová et al. / Veterinary Parasitology 126 (2004) changes of densities (Stanko, 1994) and frequent occurrence in the suburban and urban areas of mentioned territory (Mošanský, 1984; Stanko et al., 1990). A. agrarius was also found as one of the most numerous and seropositive (30.4%) species under Slovak conditions in a study of Dubinský et al. (1995). They found a higher seropositivity (15.1%) compared with our data. Small mammals as paratenic hosts serve as the significant reservoir of Toxocara larvae, which can survive in their tissues for several months or years. Daily intake of red fox is approximately kg of meaty food that corresponds to about micromammals (Sládek and Mošanský, 1985). Localities with a higher density of small mammals are more frequently visited by foxes what results in accumulation of their faeces containing parasite eggs in such places. Lactogenic transfer of T. canis larvae from mothers to the progeny of paratenic hosts is an important epidemiological phenomenon that contributes to the maintenance of their high prevalence in the rural and urban regions (Tomašovičová et al., 1993). Presence of larval toxocarosis in paratenic hosts is influenced by the age composition of population, with higher occurrence in adults than in young animals, as it was confirmed by our data. The food structure has also apparently played an important role in the pattern of infection since omnivores showed a higher prevalence than insectivores. Changes in the number of small mammals throughout different years depend on climatic conditions (Stanko, 1994) and might substantially influence the prevalence of toxocarosis in definitive hosts. Consequently, we suppose that prevalence of larval toxocarosis in paratenic hosts may indicate the degree of environmental contamination. The present study has pointed out the crucial role of red foxes, dogs and small mammals in the circulation and maintenance of toxocarosis in suburban and rural localities. The circulation constantly present in examined ecosystems throughout the studied period implicate major public health threat. Findings of many authors suggest the importance and zoonotic potential of toxocarosis. The study by Havasiová et al. (1993) revealed 13.65% seropositivity in healthy blood donors in the Slovak Republic, Demirci et al. (2002) found seropositivity of 19.4% in patients without eosinophilia in Turkey, and Deutz et al. (2003) recorded the 17% seroprevalence in a group of 149 hunters in Austria. Acknowledgements This study was financed by the Agency for Support Science and Technology of the Slovak Republic through the support of the project APVT , and partially financed by the Slovak Grant Committee VEGA, Grant No. 2/4179/04. References Balicka-Ramisz, A., Ramisz, A., Pilarczyk, B., Bienko, R., Fauna of gastro-intestinal parasites in red foxes in Western Poland. Med. Weter. 59, Barutzki, D., Schaper, R., Endoparasites in dogs and cats in Germany Parasitol. Res. 90, Criado-Fornelio, A., Gutierrez-Garcia, L., Rodriguez-Caabeiro, F., Reus-Garcia, E., Roldan-Soriano, M.A., Diaz- Sanchez, M.A., A parasitological survey of wild red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from the province of Guadalajara, Spain. Vet. Parasitol. 92,
8 324 D. Antolová et al. / Veterinary Parasitology 126 (2004) Demirci, M., Korkmaz, M., Sakru, N., Kaya, S., Kuman, A., Diagnostic importance of serological methods and eosinophilia in tissue parasites. J. Health Popul. Nutr. 20, Deutz, A., Fuchs, K., Schuller, W., Nowotny, N., Auer, H., Aspock, H., Stunzner, D., Kerbl, U., Klement, C., Kofer, J., Sero-epidemiological studies of zoonotic infections in hunters in South-Eastern Austria prevalences, risk factors, prophylaxis. Berl. Munch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr. 116, De Savigny, D.H., In vitro maintenance of Toxocara canis larvae and a simple method for the production of Toxocara ES antigen for use in serological tests for visceral larva migrans. J. Parasitol. 61, Dubinský, P., Havasiová-Reiterová, K., Pet ko, B., Hovorka, I., Tomašovičová, O., Role of small mammals in the epidemiology of toxocariasis. Parasitology 110, Epe, C., Meuwissen, M., Stoye, M., Schnieder, T., Transmission trials. ITS2-PCR and RAPD-PCR show identity of Toxocara canis isolates from red fox and dog. Vet. Parasitol. 84, Habluetzel, A., Traldi, G., Ruggieri, S., Attili, A.R., Scuppa, P., Marchetti, R., Menghini, G., Esposito, F., An estimation of Toxocara canis prevalence in dogs, environmental egg contamination and risk of human infection in the Marche region of Italy. Vet. Parasitol. 113, Havasiová, K., Dubinský, P., Štefančíková, A., A seroepidemiological study of human Toxocara infection in the Slovak Republic. J. Helminthol. 67, Havasiová-Reiterová, K., Tomašovičová, O., Dubinský, P., Effect of various doses of infective Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati eggs of the humoral response and distribution of larvae in mice. Parasitol. Res. 81, Jurášek, V., Dubinský, P., Veterinárna parazitológia. Príroda, Bratislava, 382 pp. (in Slovak). Letková, V., Csizsmárová, G., Goldová, M., Lazar, P., Čurlík, J., Košuth, P., Parasitoses of Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) in East Slovak Region. Folia Venatoria 3031, Mošanský, L., Small mammals of the Košice town (Fauna drobných zemných cicavcov Košíc). Acta Rer. Natur. Mus. Nat. Slov. 25, (in Slovak). Overgaauv, P.A.M., van Knapen, F., Toxocarosis. In: Macpherson, C.N.L., Muslin, F.X., Wandeler, A.I. (Eds.), Dogs, Zoonoses and Public Health. CABI Publishing, Oxon, pp Reichholf, J., Cicavce (Sprievodca prírodou). Ikar, Bratislava. Richards, D.T., Harris, S., Lewis, J.W., Epidemiological studies on intestinal helminth parasites of rural and urban red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the United Kingdom. Vet. Parasitol. 59, Sládek, J., Mošanský, A., Cicavce okolo nás. Osveta, Martin, 256 pp. (in Slovak). Smith, G.C., Gangadharan, B., Taylor, Z., Laurenson, M.K., Bradshaw, H., Hide, G., Hughes, J.M., Dinkel, A., Romig, T., Craig, P.S., Prevalence of zoonotic important parasites in the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Great Britain. Vet. Parasitol. 118, Stanko, M., Mošanský, L., Gajdoš, O., Small mammals (Insectivora, Rodentia) of the ZOO Košice. (Drobné zemné cicavce (Insectivora Rodentia) územia zoologickej záhrady v Košiciach. Acta Rer. Natur. Mus. Nat. Slov. 31, 9 21 (in Slovak). Stanko, M., Bionomics and ecology of Apodemus agrarius (Pall.) (Rodentia: Muridae) on Východoslovenská Nížina lowland. II. Population structure and density. Biológia (Bratislava) 49, Tomašovičová, O., Havasiová-Reiterová, K., Dubinský, P., Hovorka, I., Intrauterine and lactogenic transfer of Toxocara canis larvae in paratenic hosts. Helminthologia 30, Treml, F., Nesňálová, E., Serological screening of the occurrence of antibodies to leptospires in free-living small mammals. Vet. Med. 38,
Small rodents permanent reservoirs of toxocarosis in different habitats of Slovakia
2013 Parasitological Institute of SAS, Košice DOI 10.2478/s11687-013-0103-9 HELMINTHOLOGIA, 50, 1: 20 26, 2013 Small rodents permanent reservoirs of toxocarosis in different habitats of Slovakia K. REITEROVÁ
More informationData were analysed by SPSS, version 10 and the chi-squared test was used to assess statistical differences. P < 0.05 was considered significant.
Toxocara canis is one of the commonest nematodes of the dog and most often this nematode is the cause of toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans) [1]. People become infected by ingestion of eggs from soil,
More informationELlSA Seropositivity for Toxocara canis Antibodies in Malaysia,
ELlSA Seropositivity for Toxocara canis Antibodies in Malaysia, 1989.. 1991 S. L. Hakim, MSc ].w. Mak, MRCPath P.L.W. Lam, MSc Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur Introduction
More informationEndoparasites of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the Slovak Republic with the emphasis on zoonotic species Echinococcus multilocularis and Trichinella spp.
2009 Parasitological Institute of SAS, Košice DOI 10.2478/s11687-009-0015-x HELMINTHOLOGIA, 46, 2: 73 79, 2009 Endoparasites of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the Slovak Republic with the emphasis on zoonotic
More informationAge-Dependant Prevalence of Endoparasites in Young Dogs and Cats up to One Year of Age
Parasitol Res () :S9 S DOI./s46--86-6 Endopar asites Age-Dependant Prevalence of Endoparasites in Young Dogs and Cats up to One Year of Age Dieter Barutzki (*), Roland Schaper Veterinary Laboratory Freiburg,
More informationQuantifying the risk of zoonotic geohelminth infections for rural household inhabitants in Central Poland
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 2017, Vol 24, No 1, 44 48 www.aaem.pl ORIGINAL ARTICLE Quantifying the risk of zoonotic geohelminth infections for rural household inhabitants in Central
More informationOCCURRENCE OF ENDOPARASITES IN INDIGENOUS ZAMBIAN DOGS. Bruce-Miller, M., Goldová, M.
DOI: 10.1515/FV-2016-0023 FOLIA VETERINARIA, 60, 3: 19 23, 2016 OCCURRENCE OF ENDOPARASITES IN INDIGENOUS ZAMBIAN DOGS Bruce-Miller, M., Goldová, M. Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary
More informationToxocariasis: serological diagnosis by enzyme
Journal of Clinical Pathology, 1979, 32, 284-288 Toxocariasis: serological diagnosis by enzyme immunoassay D. H. DE SAVIGNY, A. VOLLER, AND A. W. WOODRUFF From the Toxocaral Reference Laboratory, Department
More informationStray dogs and cats as potential sources of soil contamination with zoonotic parasites
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 2017, Vol 24, No 1, 39 43 www.aaem.pl Stray dogs and cats as potential sources of soil contamination with zoonotic parasites Katarzyna
More information31/05/2011. Epidemiology and Control Programs for Echinococcus multilocularis. - geography? - frequency? - risk factors? - geography? - frequency?
Epidemiology and Control Programs for Echinococcus multilocularis - geography - frequency - risk factors Thomas Romig Universität Hohenheim Stuttgart, Germany - geography - frequency - risk factors Global
More informationIDEXX PetChek IP A new approach to intestinal parasites in veterinary medicine
IDEXX PetChek IP A new approach to intestinal parasites in veterinary medicine Making next-generation testing a part of parasite control programmes Introduction Veterinary practices routinely implement
More informationFighting feline worms: Toxocara in cats and its role in human toxocarosis
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Fighting feline worms: Toxocara in cats and its role in human toxocarosis Author : Ian Wright Categories : Companion animal,
More informationFactors Influencing the Circulation of Toxocara in Different Ecosystems in Slovakia
Mitt. Österr. Ges. Tropenmed. Parasitol. 17 (1995) 51-6 Parasitologisches Institut der Slowakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Kosice (Direktor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. P. Dubinsky) (1) Abteilung für Medizinische
More informationCoproantigen prevalence of Echinococcus spp. in rural dogs from Northwestern Romania
Coproantigen prevalence of Echinococcus spp. in rural dogs from Northwestern Romania Ştefania Seres 1, Eugeniu Avram 1, Vasile Cozma 2 1 Parasitology Department of Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Direction,
More informationJOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 2.417, ISSN: , Volume 4, Issue 2, March 2016
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTION OF CATS IN SOUTHWEST OF ALBANIA SHEMSHO LAMAJ 1 GERTA DHAMO 2 ILIR DOVA 2 1 Regional Agricultural Directory of Gjirokastra 2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
More informationVICH Topic GL20 EFFICACY OF ANTHELMINTICS: SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FELINE
The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Veterinary Medicines and Information Technology CVMP/VICH/545/00-FINAL London, 30 July 2001 VICH Topic GL20 Step 7 EFFICACY OF ANTHELMINTICS:
More informationOriginal article: Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2
Original article: RISK FACTORS AND PREVALENCE OF TOXOCARIASIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN AND DIABETIC PATIENTS COMPARED TO HEALTHY ADULTS IN ILAM PROVINCE, WESTERN IRAN Vahid Raissi, Zahra Sohrabi 2, Muhammad Getso,
More informationTitle: ontamination of the hair of owned dogs with the eggs of Toxocara spp.
Title: ontamination of the hair of owned dogs with the eggs of Toxocara spp. Authors: Jason Devoy Keegan, Celia V. Holland PII: S0304-4017(10)00343-2 DOI: doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.06.010 Reference: VETPAR
More informationGuard against intestinal worms with Palatable All-wormer
Guard against intestinal worms with Palatable All-wormer WHIPWORMS HOOKWORMS TAPEWORMS ROUNDWORMS Palatable All-wormer, for superior, flexible protection of dogs and cats. GENTLE ON PETS, TOUGH ON WORMS.
More informationHelminthic food-borne infection in Japan
Helminthic food-borne infection in Japan Raw meat consumption as a risk factor for zoonotic roundworm infections Ayako Yoshida Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences,
More informationThe prevalence of anti-echinococcus antibodies in the North-Western part of Romania
The prevalence of anti-echinococcus antibodies in the North-Western part of Romania Anca Florea 1, Zoe Coroiu 2, Rodica Radu 2 1 Prof. dr. Octavian Fodor Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,
More informationEnzyme immunoassay for the qualitative determination of antibodies against Toxocara canis in human serum or plasma
Toxocara canis IgG - ELISA Enzyme immunoassay for the qualitative determination of antibodies against Toxocara canis in human serum or plasma For laboratory research only. GenWay Biotech, Inc. 6777 Nancy
More informationCardiac blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes as described in Chapter 2, and
48 Cardiac blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes as described in Chapter 2, and stored in a refrigerator for processing later. Following euthanasia, adhesive tape swabs were collected from each dog
More informationChapter 8. Effect of a government education campaign in the Netherlands on awareness of Toxocara and toxocarosis. P.A.M. Overgaauw
Chapter 8 Effect of a government education campaign in the Netherlands on awareness of Toxocara and toxocarosis. P.A.M. Overgaauw Virbac Nederland B.V, P.O. Box 313, 3770 AH Barneveld, The Netherlands
More informationParasitic contamination of urban and rural environments in the Slovak Republic: dog s excrements as a source
2014 Institute of Parasitology, SAS, Košice DOI 10.2478/s11687-014-0241-8 HELMINTHOLOGIA, 51, 4: 273 280, 2014 Parasitic contamination of urban and rural environments in the Slovak Republic: dog s excrements
More informationDiurnal variation in microfilaremia in cats experimentally infected with larvae of
Hayasaki et al., Page 1 Short Communication Diurnal variation in microfilaremia in cats experimentally infected with larvae of Dirofilaria immitis M. Hayasaki a,*, J. Okajima b, K.H. Song a, K. Shiramizu
More informationDiagnosing intestinal parasites. Clinical reference guide for Fecal Dx antigen testing
Diagnosing intestinal parasites Clinical reference guide for Fecal Dx antigen testing Screen every dog at least twice a year The Companion Animal Parasite Council (CAPC) guidelines recommend including
More informationScientific background concerning Echinococcus multilocularis. Muza Kirjušina, Daugavpils University, Latvia
Scientific background concerning Echinococcus multilocularis Muza Kirjušina, Daugavpils University, Latvia Echinococcus multilocularis Infection with the larval form causes alveolar echinococcosis (AE).
More informationTrichinellosis in pigs: country perspective preventing human infection through on farm measures
Trichinellosis in pigs: country perspective preventing human infection through on farm measures SLOVAK REPUBLIC STATE VETERINARY AND FOOD ADMINISTRATION OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC http://www.svssr.sk/ Fridolín
More informationThe Prevalence of Some Intestinal Parasites in Stray Dogs From Tetova, Fyr Macedonia
The Prevalence of Some Intestinal Parasites in Stray Dogs From Tetova, Fyr Macedonia Abdilazis Llokmani (Msc), Regional Unit of Food and Veterinary Inspection, FYR Macedonia Dhimitër Rapti (Prof. Dr) Department
More informationSEROPREVALENCE OF BRUCELLA SPP, LEPSTOSPIRA SPP AND TOXOPLASMA GONDII IN WILD BOARD (SUS SCROFA) FROM SOUTHERN BRAZIL
SEROPREVALENCE OF BRUCELLA SPP, LEPSTOSPIRA SPP AND TOXOPLASMA GONDII IN WILD BOARD (SUS SCROFA) FROM SOUTHERN BRAZIL Iara Maria Trevisol 1, Beatris Kramer 1, Arlei Coldebella¹, Virginia Santiago Silva
More informationDiagnosing intestinal parasites. Clinical reference guide for Fecal Dx antigen testing
Diagnosing intestinal parasites Clinical reference guide for Fecal Dx antigen testing Screen every dog at least twice a year The Companion Animal Parasite Council (CAPC) guidelines recommend including
More informationNematodes 2. Lecture topics. Ascarid life cycle. Main features of the Ascarids. Adults L 5 L 1 L 4 L 2 L 3. Groups that you need to know about
Lecture topics Nematodes 2 BVM&S Parasitology T.W.Jones The Ascarids Migratory & non-migratory species Hypobiosis Paratenic hosts The Strongyles Tissue feeders Migratory & non-migratory species The Hookworms
More informationDevelopment of the serological response in rabbits infected with Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina
TRAN~A~~ONS OF THE ROYAL SOCXETY OF TROPICAL. MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, Vor. 76, No. 1, 1982 89 Development of the serological response in rabbits infected with Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina Huw V.
More informationNematodes 2. BVM&S Parasitology T.W.Jones
Nematodes 2 BVM&S Parasitology T.W.Jones Lecture topics The Ascarids Migratory & non-migratory species Hypobiosis Paratenic hosts The Strongyles Tissue feeders Migratory & non-migratory species The Hookworms
More informationVICH Topic GL19 EFFICACY OF ANTHELMINTICS: SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CANINES
The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Veterinary Medicines and Information Technology CVMP/VICH/835/99-FINAL London, 30 July 2001 VICH Topic GL19 Step 7 EFFICACY OF ANTHELMINTICS:
More informationScholars Research Library
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Annals of Biological Research, 2011, 2 (5) :246-251 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0976-1233 CODEN (USA): ABRNBW Epidemiological
More informationCitationJapanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 66(3): 203- Issue Date DOI. Doc URL. Type. File Information /jjvr.66.3.
Title The presence of Alaria alata fluke in the red fox (V Author(s)Tylkowska, Agnieszka; Pilarczyk, Bogumiła; Pilarczyk CitationJapanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 66(3): 203- Issue Date 2018-08
More informationPCR detection of Leptospira in. stray cat and
PCR detection of Leptospira in 1 Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran 2 Department of Microbiology, School of Veterinary
More informationCopyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere
More informationCumbria Biodiversity Data Centre Cumbria Mammal Group
Cumbria Biodiversity Data Centre Cumbria Mammal Group Cumbria Mammal Atlas Cumbria Biodiversity Data Centre and Cumbria Mammal Group November 17 Copyright Notice Maps are copyright Cumbria Biodiversity
More informationEFFICACY OF ANTHELMINTICS: SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CANINES
VICH GL19 (ANTHELMINTICS: CANINE) June 2001 For implementation at Step 7 - Draft 1 EFFICACY OF ANTHELMINTICS: SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CANINES Recommended for Implementation on June 2001 by the VICH
More informationEchinococcus multilocularis Diagnosis. Peter Deplazes. Medical Faculty. Swiss TPH Winter Symposium 2017
Medical Faculty Swiss TPH Winter Symposium 2017 Helminth Infection from Transmission to Control Echinococcus multilocularis Diagnosis Peter Deplazes Global distribution of E. multilocularis Deplazes et
More informationAbove: life cycle of toxoplasma gondii. Below: transmission of this infection.
Toxoplasmosis PDF This article is based on a paid for research paper dated 1972 of similar title and authored by J.K.Frenkel and J.P. Dubey. It was published by The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol.
More informationEnzootic Bovine Leukosis: Milk Screening and Verification ELISA: VF-P02210 & VF-P02220
Enzootic Bovine Leukosis: Milk Screening and Verification ELISA: VF-P02210 & VF-P02220 Introduction Enzootic Bovine Leukosis is a transmissible disease caused by the Enzootic Bovine Leukosis Virus (BLV)
More informationHydatid Disease. Overview
Hydatid Disease Overview Hydatid disease in man is caused principally by infection with the larval stage of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. It is an important pathogenic zoonotic parasitic infection
More informationVetoquinol/DOLPAC Small dogs/european Renewal June 2011 SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Austria Belgium Cyprus Malta Czech Republic Netherlands Greece Portugal Slovakia Hungary Slovenia Germany Finland France Luxembourg
More informationA revolution in the parasite control for cats. Dr Anne Bollart Merial Technical & Marketing Manager - Pets Business
A revolution in the parasite control for cats Dr Anne Bollart Merial Technical & Marketing Manager - Pets Business Jelgava 11/09/2014 AGENDA The cat endectocide market & Results of an epidemiological survey
More informationEvaluation of Different Antigens in Western Blotting Technique for the Diagnosis of Sheep Haemonchosis
Original Article Evaluation of Different Antigens in Western Blotting Technique for the Diagnosis of Sheep Haemonchosis *B Meshgi, SH Hosseini Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University
More informationCharacterization of a Toxocara canis
Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol. 45, No. 1: 19-26, March 2007 Characterization of a Toxocara canis species-specific excretory-secretory antigen (TcES-57) and development of a double sandwich ELISA for
More informationPrevalence of Toxocara antibodies among patients clinically suspected to have ocular toxocariasis: A retrospective descriptive study in Sri Lanka
Iddawela et al. BMC Ophthalmology (2017) 17:50 DOI 10.1186/s12886-017-0444-0 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Prevalence of Toxocara antibodies among patients clinically suspected to have ocular toxocariasis:
More informationWhat s Hiding in your Pet?
What s Hiding in your Pet? by Erin Quigley, DVM Potentially harmful parasites! A parasite is an organism that lives on (external) or in (internal) an organism of another species (such as dog, cat or human),
More informationPrevalence of Various Intestinal Zoonotic Parasites in Dogs of Jammu Region of Jammu and Kashmir
Page116 Original Research Prevalence of Various Intestinal Zoonotic Parasites in Dogs of Jammu Region of Jammu and Kashmir Irfan Ali Shah*, H.K. Sharma, M. A. Shah 1, R. Katoch 2 and M. A. Malik Department
More informationSpatial Distribution of Toxocariaisis in Dogs
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) e-issn: 2319-2380, p-issn: 2319-2372. Volume 4, Issue 1 (Jul. - Aug. 2013), PP 26-32 Spatial Distribution of Toxocariaisis in Dogs Shahida
More informationB. Good, C.V. Holland* and P. Stafford. Department of Zoology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
Journal of Helminthology (2001) 75, 175±181 DOI: 10.1079/JOH200178 The influence of inoculum size and time post-infection on the number and position of Toxocara canis larvae recovered from the brains of
More informationSEMESTER ONE 2007 INFECTION and IMMUNITY GRADUATE ENTRY PROGRAMME PARASITOLOGY PRACTICAL 9 Dr TW Jones NEMATODES
SEMESTER ONE 2007 INFECTION and IMMUNITY GRADUATE ENTRY PROGRAMME PARASITOLOGY PRACTICAL 9 Dr TW Jones NEMATODES Objectives After this class I expect you to be able to: 1. Describe and recognise the range
More informationChapter 9 Summarizing discussion
Chapter 9 Summarizing discussion P.A.M. Overgaauw Virbac Nederland B.V, P.O. Box 313, 3770 AH Barneveld, The Netherlands Introduction The purpose of this thesis is to study some aspects of the epidemiology
More informationSerodiagnosis of Toxocara among Infants and Pregnant Women Suspected of Ocular or Visceral Toxocariasis Using Two Types of ELISA Antigens
Serodiagnosis of Toxocara among Infants and Pregnant Women Suspected of Ocular or Visceral Toxocariasis Using Two Types of ELISA Antigens Ragaa Mohamed Issa * Department of Parasitology, Research Institute
More informationThe use of serology to monitor Trichinella infection in wildlife
The use of serology to monitor Trichinella infection in wildlife Edoardo Pozio Community Reference Laboratory for Parasites Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy The usefulness of serological tests
More informationMexican Wolves and Infectious Diseases
Mexican Wolves and Infectious Diseases Mexican wolves are susceptible to many of the same diseases that can affect domestic dogs, coyotes, foxes and other wildlife. In general, very little infectious disease
More informationCurriculum Vitae. Education: DVM University of Shiraz, School of veterinary medicine
Curriculum Vitae Name :Mohammad Reza Siavashi Address: Pasteur Institute of Iran,No: 69, Pasteur Ave., Tehran, Iran 1316943551 Tel: +98 21 66968855 Fax: +98 21 66968855 E mail: m_siavashi@hotmail.com Nationality:
More informationCOMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU)
L 296/6 Official Journal of the European Union 15.11.2011 COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) No 1152/2011 of 14 July 2011 supplementing Regulation (EC) No 998/2003 of the European Parliament and of the
More informationSeroprevalence of human Toxocara infections in the Roma and non-roma populations of Eastern Slovakia: a cross-sectional study
Epidemiol. Infect. (2015), 143, 2249 2258. Cambridge University Press 2015 doi:10.1017/s0950268814003665 Seroprevalence of human Toxocara infections in the Roma and non-roma populations of Eastern Slovakia:
More informationReport on the third NRL Proficiency Test to detect adult worms of Echinococcus sp. in the intestinal mucosa of the definitive host.
Report on the third NRL Proficiency Test to detect adult worms of Echinococcus sp. in the intestinal mucosa of the definitive host March-April, 2011 page 1 of 11 Table of contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Scope
More informationLarge Animal Topics in Parasitology for the Veterinary Technician Jason Roberts, DVM This presentation is designed to review the value veterinary
Large Animal Topics in Parasitology for the Veterinary Technician Jason Roberts, DVM This presentation is designed to review the value veterinary technicians can add to mixed or large animal practices
More informationHazards oftransborder transmission oftrichinellosis and echinococcosis
Mitt. Österr. Ges. Tropenmed. Parasitol. 23 (2001) 27-32 Parasitological Institute of the Slovak Academy of Science (Director: Prof. Pavol Dubinsky, D. Sc.) Hazards oftransborder transmission oftrichinellosis
More informationMonitoring methods and systems
Monitoring methods and systems Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Jürgen Krücken Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin What suitable and validated tools/tests
More informationLecture 4: Dr. Jabar Etaby
Lecture 4: Dr. Jabar Etaby 1 Introduction : Cutaneous larva migrans(clm),frequently termed creeping eruption,is a parasitic skin infection that is caused by the filariform larvae of various animal hookworm
More informationTitle. CitationJapanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 52(2): 101- Issue Date Doc URL. Type. File Information
Title INFORMATION: Thesis for the Doctor of Veterinary Med CitationJapanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 52(2): 101- Issue Date 2004-08 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/10515 Type bulletin File Information
More informationCanine giardiosis in an urban are Title source on infection of man. NikoliĆ, Aleksandra, DimitrijeviĆ Author(s) BobiĆ, Branko
' ' Canine giardiosis in an urban are Title source on infection of man NikoliĆ, Aleksandra, DimitrijeviĆ Author(s) BobiĆ, Branko The Journal of Protozoology Resea Citation 61-65 Issue Date 2001-10 URL
More informationDepartment of Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue
CVI Accepts, published online ahead of print on 9 September 2009 Clin. Vaccine Immunol. doi:10.1128/cvi.00251-09 Copyright 2009, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions.
More informationAcademia Arena 2017;9(3) Prevalence of parasites in soil samples in Tehran public places.
Prevalence of parasites in soil samples in Tehran public places M Tavalla 1, H Oormazdi 1, L Akhlaghi 1, E Razmjou 1, M Moradi Lakeh 2, S Shojaee 3, R Hadighi 1 *AR Meamar 1 1 Department of Medical Parasitology
More informationEstimation of canine intestinal parasites in Córdoba (Spain) and their risk to public health
Veterinary Parasitology 143 (2007) 7 13 www.elsevier.com/locate/vetpar Estimation of canine intestinal parasites in Córdoba (Spain) and their risk to public health F.J. Martínez-Moreno *, S. Hernández,
More informationThe Ecology of Lyme Disease 1
The Ecology of Lyme Disease 1 What is Lyme disease? Lyme disease begins when a tick bite injects Lyme disease bacteria into a person's blood. Early symptoms of Lyme disease usually include a bull's-eye
More informationOIE international standards on Rabies:
Regional cooperation towards eradicating the oldest known zoonotic disease in Europe Antalya, Turkey 4-5 December 2008 OIE international standards on Rabies: Dr. Lea Knopf Scientific and Technical Department
More informationParasites in Sheep Flocks
Parasites in Sheep Flocks 1 WHAT IS NEW IN PARASITE CONTROL FOR SHEEP FLOCKS? Drew E. Hunnisett, DVM Honeywood and Warder Veterinary Services 132 Commerce Park Drive, Unit N Barrie, Ontario L4N 8W8 705
More informationWorming: key decision factors and ways to improve compliance
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Worming: key decision factors and ways to improve compliance Author : Emma Gerrard Categories : RVNs Date : February 1, 2013
More informationECHINOCOCCOSIS. By Dr. Ameer kadhim Hussein. M.B.Ch.B. FICMS (Community Medicine).
ECHINOCOCCOSIS By Dr. Ameer kadhim Hussein. M.B.Ch.B. FICMS (Community Medicine). INTRODUCTION Species under genus Echinococcus are small tapeworms of carnivores with larval stages known as hydatids proliferating
More informationMonitoring of environmental contamination by Echinococcus multilocularis in an urban fringe forest park in Hokkaido, Japan
Environ Health Prev Med (2009) 14:299 303 DOI 10.1007/s12199-009-0083-z SHORT COMMUNICATION Monitoring of environmental contamination by Echinococcus multilocularis in an urban fringe forest park in Hokkaido,
More informationFACULTY OF MEDICINE INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY SYSTEMS AND GENETIC RESEARCH HELENE TONNER
FACULTY OF MEDICINE INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY SYSTEMS AND GENETIC RESEARCH HELENE TONNER THE MOST LIKELY INFECTION PATHWAYS OF TOXOCARA SPP. AND COMPARISON OF INFECTION RISK AMONG STUDENTS OF THE LITHUANIAN
More informationEpidemiology of Opisthorchis felineus in the European Union
Epidemiology of Opisthorchis felineus in the European Union Edoardo Pozio European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome, Italy World distribution and human prevalence
More informationSeroprevalence and risk factors of infections with Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in hunting dogs from Campania region, southern Italy
Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS doi: http://folia.paru.cas.cz Research Article Seroprevalence and risk factors of infections with Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in hunting dogs from
More informationEfficacies of fenbendazole and albendazole in the treatment of commercial turkeys artificially infected with Ascaridia dissimilis
Efficacies of fenbendazole and albendazole in the treatment of commercial turkeys artificially infected with Ascaridia dissimilis Jessica Perkins, Thomas Yazwinski, Chris Tucker Abstract The goal of this
More informationToxocarosis, an important zoonosis
ZOONOSES Toxocarosis, an important zoonosis P.A.M. Overgaauw (1) F. van Knapen (2) SUMMARY This paper reviews the current knowledge about an important zoonotic dog and cat parasite, Toxocara. A good understanding
More informationVERMINOUS PNEUMONIA AND TRACHEOBRONCHITIS IN FOXES AND THEIR ZOONOTIC POTENTIAL
VERMINOUS PNEUMONIA AND TRACHEOBRONCHITIS IN FOXES AND THEIR ZOONOTIC POTENTIAL D. LALOŞEVIC 1,4, S. PRAŞOVIC 2, VESNA LALOŞEVIC 3, VERICA SIMIN 1, I. CAPO 4, N. OBRADOVIC 1, M. BOZIC 1, S. PUTIC 1, N.
More informationIntroduction to Helminthology
Introduction to Helminthology HELMINTHES (WORMS) - Characteristics Eukaryotic, multicellular animals that usually have digestive, circulatory, nervous, excretory, and reproductive systems. Worms with bilateral
More informationFECAL EGG AND OOCYST COUNTS IN DOGS AND CATS FROM ANIMAL SHELTERS FROM SOUTH DAKOTA
Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, Vol. 81 (2002) 227 FECAL EGG AND OOCYST COUNTS IN DOGS AND CATS FROM ANIMAL SHELTERS FROM SOUTH DAKOTA M.B. Hildreth, J.A. Bjordahl and S.R. Duimstra
More informationGuidelines for Veterinarians: Prevention of Zoonotic Transmission of Ascarids and Hookworms of Dogs and Cats
Guidelines for Veterinarians: Prevention of Zoonotic Transmission of Ascarids and Hookworms of Dogs and Cats Alphabetical Listing Travel Guidelines for Veterinarians: Prevention of Zoonotic Transmission
More informationEVALUATION OF THE SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF THE EHRLICHIA CANIS DIAGNOSTIC TEST: Anigen Rapid E.canis Ab Test Kit
EVALUATION OF THE SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF THE EHRLICHIA CANIS DIAGNOSTIC TEST: Anigen Rapid E.canis Ab Test Kit FINAL REPORT Research contract (art. 83 of the L.O.U) between the Ehrlichiosis Diagnostic
More informationSEROPREVALENCE TO CATTLE BABESIA SPP. INFECTION IN NORTHERN SAMAR ABSTRACT
SEROPREVALENCE TO CATTLE BABESIA SPP. INFECTION IN NORTHERN SAMAR A. Amit College of Ve terina ry Me dicine, U niversi ty of East ern P hi lii ppi nes Cata rman, Nort hern Sam ar ABSTRACT Babesiosis is
More informationAspects of Toxocara epidemiology in the Netherlands
Aspects of Toxocara epidemiology in the Netherlands Epidemiologische aspecten van Toxocara in Nederland (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan
More informationRabies in the Slovak Republic
Rabies in the Slovak Republic Prof. Jozef BíreB reš,, DVM. Sci. CVO of the Slovak Republic SCoFCAH, Brussels, 15.01.2013 Rabies in the Slovak Republic - situation by the end of the year 2012 rabies case
More informationMultiserology via Microarray
Multiserology via Microarray Meemken, D. 1 ; Pingen, S. 2 ; Greiner, M. 2 ; Blaha, T. 2 1 Freie Universitaet Berlin, Germany 2 University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany At a glance Why multi-serology?
More informationFeline and Canine Internal Parasites
Feline and Canine Internal Parasites Internal parasites are a very common problem among dogs. Almost all puppies are already infected with roundworm when still in the uterus, or get the infection immediately
More informationToxocara Spp. Eggs in Public Parks of Urmia City, West Azerbaijan Province Iran
Iranian J Parasitol: Vol. 3, No. 3, 2008, pp. 24-29 Original Article Toxocara Spp. Eggs in Public Parks of Urmia City, West Azerbaijan Province Iran *M Tavassoli 1, M Hadian 2, S Charesaz 3, S Javadi 2
More informationClinical Study Investigation of Anti-Toxocara Antibodies in Epileptic Patients and Comparison of Two Methods: ELISA and Western Blotting
Epilepsy Research and Treatment Volume 2013, Article ID 156815, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/156815 Clinical Study Investigation of Anti-Toxocara Antibodies in Epileptic Patients and Comparison
More informationMost clients are well aware that puppies
D i a g n o s t i c s P A R A S I T O L O G Y Michael W. Dryden, DVM, MS, PhD, & Patricia A. Payne, DVM, PhD Kansas State University Fecal Examination Techniques Intestinal parasites are both a real and
More informationChapter 4. Nematode infections in dog breeding kennels in the Netherlands, with special reference to Toxocara.
Chapter 4 Nematode infections in dog breeding kennels in the Netherlands, with special reference to Toxocara. P.A.M. Overgaauw 1 and J.H. Boersema 2 1 Virbac Nederland B.V, P.O. Box 313, 3770 AH Barneveld,
More information