Worming: key decision factors and ways to improve compliance
|
|
- Hector Blankenship
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession Worming: key decision factors and ways to improve compliance Author : Emma Gerrard Categories : RVNs Date : February 1, 2013 Emma Gerrard DipAVN(Small animal), DipHE, CVN, BSc(Hons), RVN, K-SQP, PHC reviews UK endoparasites and looks at ways of engaging clients Summary WHEN choosing appropriate worming treatments and the frequency of administration, it is important to determine which parasites pose a threat to the animal in the area it lives in. An assessment should take place to establish the risk level based on the interactions between the pet, the owner and the environment. Inadequate worming has serious implications for both the animal s health and from the perspective of zoonotic disease. Therefore, it is important to ensure owners understand why they need to regularly treat their pets with an appropriate worming product. Key words Endoparasites, pet lifestyle, compliance, wormer, VN clinic VETERINARY nurses (VNs) are perfectly placed to offer information on worming to clients because they can provide a good, informative service and, ultimately, become the first port of call for worming queries and advice. First and foremost, it s important that VNs can confidently speak to clients about why worming matters and develop a holistic approach for each pet to ensure each individual s needs are met. This holistic approach to worming should take into account an animal s lifestyle and its owner s ability to carry out any suggested worming protocol. This must 1 / 10
2 then extend to practice reminder systems, which can, ultimately, result in improved owner compliance. Why should we worm? There are several reasons why it is important to worm pets: public health; animal health; and aesthetic reasons. Endoparasites of dogs and cats in the UK Cestodes (tapeworms) Tapeworms do not cause harm to their hosts unless present in large numbers; however, treatment is important for hygiene reasons and because some species are zoonotic. Tapeworms both in their fully grown and larval (cystic) stages pose a threat to the health of the animal and humans when they act as accidental host, after eggs are ingested. There are three main types of cestode: Dipylidium canium; Echinococcus granulosus; and Taenia species. Dipylidium caninum This is the most common helminth and affects both dogs and cats. Adult worms live in the intestine and can grow up to 50cm in length. Eggs are passed in motile egg capsules in the faeces and are ingested by the flea larvae, which is the intermediate host. The life cycle is completed when the flea is ingested by an animal during grooming, which emphasises the importance of incorporating flea and tapeworm treatments together. This must be discussed when developing a parasite programme for an animal. Taenia species Numerous species of this tapeworm exist, some of which are responsible for serious infections in 2 / 10
3 humans. Animals that have access to raw meat, such as farm dogs and hunting cats, can become infected and, in turn, cause infection of intermediate hosts (sheep and cattle), with a cystic stage. These cysts affect the brain, liver or muscles of the intermediate hosts ( Figure 1 ). This can be seen in sheep, where the worm migrates to the brain, causing a condition called gid. Sheep dogs should, therefore, be treated with a broad spectrum anthelmintic. Echinococcus granulosus This is a rare cestode of dogs that may be found in parts of Wales and the Hebrides (Swanton and Wildsmith, 2008) and it is an important zoonosis. Humans who ingest a proglottid or egg may act as an intermediate host, in which the larval stage may present as hydatid cysts in the lungs or liver. Sheep are the most common intermediate host and are infected when eggs are ingested from their environment. Nematodes Ascarids (roundworms) Toxocara cati; Toxocara canis; and Toxascaris leonina. Hookworms (canine) Uncinaria stenocephala (fox hookworm or northern hookworm). Whipworms Trichuris vulpis. Cardiovasular system Dirofilaria immitis; and Angiostrongylus vasorum (lungworm/french heartworm). Lungworms Aelurostrongylus abstrusus; and 3 / 10
4 Oslerus osleri. Urinary Capillaria plica (bladder worm). Toxocara canis T canisis a significant ascarid because of its zoonotic potential and the disease it causes in puppies. Adult worms can grow up to 10cm in length and infection can occur via three routes. Adult dogs ingest infective eggs from the environment through contact with faecal matter. Worms develop in the intestine and eggs are shed in the faeces. Eggs can take several weeks to become infective exact time is dependent on environmental temperature. After ingestion of infective eggs, larvae can migrate to different tissues and during pregnancy these larvae cross the placenta, infecting unborn puppies. Larvae will also pass to puppies in milk during lactation. Infected puppies can suffer as larvae migrate via the liver to the trachea and are coughed up and swallowed, developing into adult worms in the intestines. Large numbers of worms are then present in the faeces of puppies. Most dogs are asymptomatic, but puppies with a heavy worm burden can have diarrhoea and the typical pot-bellied appearance. Some puppies may also present with respiratory symptoms, such as coughing or tachypnoea due to large numbers of migrating larvae. Further clinical signs can include vomiting, anaemia, intestinal obstruction and is potentially fatal. Humans who ingest T canis eggs or larvae are at risk of potentially serious disease and there are two recognised types of disease in humans: Ocular larval migrans occurs when larvae migrate to the eye, leading to pain and, potentially, blindness. Toxocariasis or visceral larva migrans is an illness caused by larvae migrating to organs through the blood stream where they encapsulate themselves in the connective tissue. Symptoms differ according to the organ affected, but may include blindness, hepatomegaly, asthma-like symptoms, central nervous system disorders and lameness. It was thought that only T canis could cause disease in humans; however, there is evidence to suggest that T cati can also pose health risks to humans (Fisher, 2003). Toxocara cati 4 / 10
5 T cati ( Figure 2 ) is similar to T canis, where eggs can remain in the environment for long periods of time, with the potential to cause human infection. However, this occurs less frequently than with T canis. Larvae are transmitted via the mother s milk (not the placenta) in kittens and older cats by ingesting the paratenic host. Clinical signs in kittens can be respiratory, as larvae migrate to the lungs, or intestinal, such as poor growth, a pot-bellied appearance or diarrhoea. Adult cats often have no clinical signs of infection but they may vomit up worms. Cats are easily infected because of their tendency to roam and their hunting activities. Toxascaris leonina This ascarid is less common and may be seen in adolescence. The infection is passed on when the definitive host (dog, cat or fox) eats the intermediate host (rodents or birds), allowing ingested eggs to hatch into the intestines, developing into adult worms. Uncinaria stenocephala This worm affects dogs, with the main route of infection via ingestion of larvae, which can be present in damp sandy soil. Adult hookworms embed in the intestinal wall of the large intestine. Low numbers of worms may be well tolerated, but a heavy infection can result in bloody diarrhoea and low-grade anaemia. Children and adults fond of gardening or lying on beaches where dogs are walked may be at increased risk from zoonotic infection. Angiostrongylus vasorum A vasorum ( Figure 3 ) is seen in dogs and has recently been found to be of increasing prevalence across the UK (Helm et al, 2009; Yamakawa et al, 2009). Adults live in the pulmonary artery and cause serious disease associated with many clinical signs and may be fatal. The intermediate hosts are slugs and snails, although frogs may act as paratenic hosts. Infection with this worm may cause multisystemic clinical signs. Signs may include respiratory disorders, exercise intolerance, haemorrhagic diathesis and cardiac failure (Perry et al, 1991), all of which are variable and inconsistent. Cardiorespiratory signs vary from mild coughing and gagging to severe exercise intolerance, dyspnoea, tachypnoea, and cyanosis. Right-sided congestive heart failure may develop as a result of chronic lung disease and subsequent pulmonary hypertension, and coagulopathies can include excessive bleeding from minor wounds, epistaxis, ocular bleeds and anaemia. Neurological signs can include seizures, behavioural changes, cranial nerve deficits and ambulatory problems. Lifestyle considerations 5 / 10
6 It is important to establish the lifestyle of the pet and consider the environment in which it resides, so that the VN can advise the client on the correct worming protocol. Certain factors will require a more intense approach to worming, whereas others may indicate a less aggressive programme. The following factors must be considered when devising a worming programme: animal s age; reproductive status; history; health status; environment; nutrition; location; and travel. Adult animals An active adult dog or cat that hunts and scavenges and is regularly outdoors for example, a working dog or farm cat will have different requirements from an animal that is walked on a lead or spends a lot of time indoors. The former will very often have access to rodents, slugs, snails, raw fish and meat including viscera, placenta and aborted foetuses and may be at risk of acquiring endoparasites such as Taenia species, A vasorum, and E granulosus. Reproductive status Pregnant and lactating bitches may pass on T canis larvae in utero or via milk. Lactating queens may pass on T cati in their milk to suckling kittens. Puppies and kittens Puppies and kittens under six months of age require a different approach to worming, depending on the type of wormer being prescribed and/or dispensed. The usual recommended protocol for puppies and kittens is to worm monthly from two weeks of age in puppies and three weeks of age in kittens (ESCCAP, 2010). This is because Toxocara is usually present in puppies and kittens from these ages. It is essential to worm from an early age because Toxocara causes serious 6 / 10
7 diseases in young animals and almost all will be infected. Children and pets Good personal hygiene should be encouraged, especially for children, and advice should include washing hands after handling animals, discouraging face licking and ensuring nails are kept short. It should also be advised that children s play areas are well fenced off and sand pits are covered. Pet Travel Scheme (PETS) Animals that are travelling to certain geographic areas, such as for holidays, house moves, in kennels or for shows, may be at increased risk of infection from non-uk parasites. For example, Echinococcus granulosus has been found in parts of Wales and the Hebrides (Swanton and Wildsmith, 2008). Under PETS, it is mandatory for dogs to be treated for tapeworm. For dogs entering the UK after travel, a treatment for tapeworms containing praziquantel is essential. The treatment must be administered by a veterinary surgeon not less than 24 hours and not more than 120 hours (one to five days) before its scheduled arrival in the UK (DEFRA, 2012). It is therefore important to advise clients about the appropriate endoparasite protocols. Two main types of worm should be discussed with owners of travelling pets: Echinococcus multilocularis; and Dirofilaria immitis. Echinococcus multilocularis This is similar to E granulosus in that it also causes hydatid cysts. Currently it is not in the UK, but it is endemic in continental Europe. The intermediate hosts are rodents, with foxes as the final host, and it can infect dogs and cats to a lesser extent. To prevent E multilocularis becoming established in the UK, it is a requirement that pets travelling under PETS are treated against tapeworms before they enter the country, because of its zoonotic risk. Dirofilaria immitis This is the largest worm and is commonly referred to as the heartworm. It affects dogs and occasionally cats. The intermediate host is the mosquito; therefore, it is not endemic in the UK. However, climatic changes favourable to parasitic development and an increase in travelling pets have increased the risk of infection (ESCCAP, 2010). Pets travelling to other parts of the world, such as southern Europe, the United States and Australia, should be treated with a suitable broad 7 / 10
8 spectrum anthelmintic. Adult worms live in the pulmonary artery and right ventricle of the heart, where they cause significant disease, weight loss, immunosuppression and heart failure. Nurse clinics Preventive health care clinics provide the VN and client time to discuss a pet s lifestyle and allow the appropriate worming advice to be given and protocols to be drawn up tailored to the needs of both pet and client. Inviting clients into the practice is an effective way of giving worming advice, among other things. Puppy and kitten clinics and puppy parties are an excellent means of passing on information and clients with new pets are often enthusiastic and eager to learn about all aspects of preventive health care. Many clients are more comfortable discussing matters with VNs, being reluctant to take up too much of the vet s time, so second vaccination clinics are also good opportunities to get the message across. Parasite clinics are another great way of getting clients into the surgery. These are often useful for clients who are unable to medicate their pets, and who are impressed when a VN administers a worming tablet with ease. Nurse clinics may be promoted through interesting and eyecatching notice boards within the waiting area. These are ideal when trying to get the clients attention and they encourage questions during the clinic. Drug manufacturers often run campaigns and/or have promotional materials available to support preventive health campaigns in practice. Owner compliance Owners often forget to worm their pets and may only be reminded when parasites are seen. The use of reminders can help to increase owner compliance for treating their pets with preventive worm treatments. It is vital to educate owners about the importance of a regular worming programme to protect their pets, other animals and people from the risk of disease. VNs should advise owners on the implementation of individual worming programmes, based on a pet s lifestyle and then follow on with treatment reminders, which is an excellent way to improve client compliance. Continual engagement with the subject of worming is paramount and this is where the different types of reminder come into play. They are used to reiterate the importance of worming, offer regular worming treatments and provide information and advice. Benefits of improved levels of client care through the implementation of a worming protocol will not only provide a value-added service, but will ultimately increase client satisfaction, aid client compliance and boost loyalty, as well as increase wormer sales and practice profitability. Worming frequency 8 / 10
9 ESCCAP recommends that dogs and cats are wormed every three months with a reputable anthelmintic to ensure they are worm free and to prevent shedding of eggs into the environment. In increased risk, such as kennels or households where there are children, monthly treatments may minimise the risk of infection. Cats that hunt should be wormed on a monthly basis, while breeding/lactating bitches and queens should be wormed accordingly to reduce the risk of infecting puppies and kittens. Puppies should start to be wormed from two weeks of age, with two-weekly treatments until they are 12 weeks old, reducing to monthly treatments until they are six months old and then three-monthly treatments. Kittens should begin a fortnightly worming programme from three weeks of age; this is because prenatal infection does not occur in kittens. Treatment should continue every two weeks until weaning, then monthly until six months of age. A programme should then be developed according to a cat s lifestyle. Treatments should be given according to the manufacturer s recommendations ( Table 1 ). Conclusions In compliance with the BSAVA s assessment criteria and guidelines for worming, comprehensive parasite prevention programmes can be designed in the practice to meet a pet and owner s needs. This makes it necessary to assess a pet s needs on a case-by-case basis. A benefit-risk assessment of each individual case should determine both choice of anthelmintic, spectrum of anthelmintic activity and frequency of administration. In cases where zoonotic potential is high risk or increased, maximum control according to the manufacturer s recommendation is recommended. In other cases, the risk of reinfection may be so low as to recommend intermittent anthelmintic therapy with longer treatment intervals. Information about the local environmental risk should determine the spectrum of anthelmintic used for example, anthelmintics for lungworm prevention. References and further reading Fisher M (2003). Toxocara cati: an underestimated zoonotic agent, Trends in Parasitology, 19(4): Gerrard E (2012). Worming the many ways of sending reminders and maintaining client compliance, VN Times 12(8): Gerrard E (2012). Worms in companion animals the types, their life cycles and the anthelmintics available to treat them, Animal Health Advisor 1(1): 6-8. Helm J, Gilleard JS, Jackson M et al (2009). A case of canine Angiostrongylus vasorum in Scotland confirmed by PCR and sequence analysis, JSAP 50(5): Morgan E and Shaw S (2010). Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in dogs: continuing spread and developments in diagnosis and treatment, JSAP 51(12): Perry W A, Hertling R and Kennedy M J (1991). Angiostrongylosis with disseminated larval infection associated with signs of ocular and nervous disease in an imported dog, Can Vet J 9 / 10
10 Powered by TCPDF ( 32(7): Swanton S and Wildsmith J (2008). Prevalence of the hydatid diseasecausing tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus among stray dogs in southeast Wales, United Kingdom disease-causing_tapeworm_echinococcus.html Yamakawa Y, McGarry J W, Denk D et al (2009). Emerging canine angiostrongylosis in northern England: Five fatal cases, Veterinary Record 164: Reviewed by Mark Overend, BVMS, GPCert(Cardio), MRCVS 10 / 10
Guard against intestinal worms with Palatable All-wormer
Guard against intestinal worms with Palatable All-wormer WHIPWORMS HOOKWORMS TAPEWORMS ROUNDWORMS Palatable All-wormer, for superior, flexible protection of dogs and cats. GENTLE ON PETS, TOUGH ON WORMS.
More informationFeline and Canine Internal Parasites
Feline and Canine Internal Parasites Internal parasites are a very common problem among dogs. Almost all puppies are already infected with roundworm when still in the uterus, or get the infection immediately
More informationVaccination. Why do I need to vaccinate my dog? many dogs don t survive. Several outbreaks of Parvovirus are reported in the UK each year.
Caring for your Dog This booklet will detail the most important aspects of dog healthcare and preventative care. Part of responsible dog ownership is ensuring all of the routine prevention is up to date.
More informationCOMMON INTESTINAL WORMS IN DOGS AND CATS W. JEAN DODDS, DVM :: HEMOPET/NUTRISCAN :: SALINAZ AVENUE :: GARDEN GROVE, CALIF.
The following is a quick reference guide for pet caregivers about intestinal worms found in dogs and cats. At the end, I have provided my thoughts on treatment options. Roundworms Intestinal Parasite Most
More informationDiagnosing intestinal parasites. Clinical reference guide for Fecal Dx antigen testing
Diagnosing intestinal parasites Clinical reference guide for Fecal Dx antigen testing Screen every dog at least twice a year The Companion Animal Parasite Council (CAPC) guidelines recommend including
More informationDiagnosing intestinal parasites. Clinical reference guide for Fecal Dx antigen testing
Diagnosing intestinal parasites Clinical reference guide for Fecal Dx antigen testing Screen every dog at least twice a year The Companion Animal Parasite Council (CAPC) guidelines recommend including
More informationPARASITE TREATMENTS PROVEN PROTECTION FOR DOGS AND CATS
PARASITE TREATMENTS PROVEN PROTECTION FOR DOGS AND CATS THIS IS WHY For pets and the families who love them Now, more than ever, pets are considered part of the family. But when parasites are involved,
More informationCAZITEL FLAVORED ALLWORMER FOR DOGS
CAZITEL FLAVORED ALLWORMER FOR DOGS For use in dogs only. Do not use on cats or rabbits. For use on puppies and dogs from 2 weeks of age. INDICATION Multi spectrum intestinal wormers for puppies and adult
More informationVICH Topic GL19 EFFICACY OF ANTHELMINTICS: SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CANINES
The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Veterinary Medicines and Information Technology CVMP/VICH/835/99-FINAL London, 30 July 2001 VICH Topic GL19 Step 7 EFFICACY OF ANTHELMINTICS:
More informationHydatid Disease. Overview
Hydatid Disease Overview Hydatid disease in man is caused principally by infection with the larval stage of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. It is an important pathogenic zoonotic parasitic infection
More informationEFFICACY OF ANTHELMINTICS: SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CANINES
VICH GL19 (ANTHELMINTICS: CANINE) June 2001 For implementation at Step 7 - Draft 1 EFFICACY OF ANTHELMINTICS: SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CANINES Recommended for Implementation on June 2001 by the VICH
More informationFighting feline worms: Toxocara in cats and its role in human toxocarosis
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Fighting feline worms: Toxocara in cats and its role in human toxocarosis Author : Ian Wright Categories : Companion animal,
More informationLabel (2 tab) - front panel Issue Date: Page: 1 of 14 The information above this line is not included in the label FOR ANIMAL TREATMENT ONLY
Label (2 tab) - front panel Issue Date: 30-8-00 Page: 1 of 14 FOR ANIMAL TREATMENT ONLY Bay-o-Pet DRONTAL Allwormer FOR LARGE DOGS Infopest Verified Controls all 11 gastrointestinal worms Active Constituents:
More informationEmerging and existing threats a rational approach to pet parasites
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Emerging and existing threats a rational approach to pet parasites Author : Ian Wright Categories : Companion animal, Practical,
More informationWe will need to know your pets weight in order to prescribe the correct dose of medication.
Care Guide Flea and worm prevention. There are many medications available to treat and protect your pets against parasites. We are always happy to advise you on a specific regime tailored to meet your
More informationApril is National Heartworm Awareness month, a
Peer Reviewed Parasite Protocols Parasite Protocols For Your Practice Comprehensive Advice on Parasite Control A Broad Spectrum Approach to Controlling Parasites of Dogs and Cats Recommendations from the
More informationUnderstanding the Lifecycle of the Hydatid Tapeworm
Hydatid Tapeworm The Hydatid Tapeworm (scientific name Echinococcus granulosis) is one of a number of tapeworms that infect dogs. The reason this tapeworm is considered the most significant is that, unlike
More informationSUMMARY of PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS (SPC)
1. Name of the veterinary medicinal product Cestal Plus flavour tablets ad us. vet. active substances: praziquantel pyrantel pamoate fenbendazole SUMMARY of PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS (SPC) 2. Qualitative
More informationVICH Topic GL20 EFFICACY OF ANTHELMINTICS: SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FELINE
The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Veterinary Medicines and Information Technology CVMP/VICH/545/00-FINAL London, 30 July 2001 VICH Topic GL20 Step 7 EFFICACY OF ANTHELMINTICS:
More informationHEARTWORM DISEASE AND THE DAMAGE DONE
HEARTWORM DISEASE AND THE DAMAGE DONE Stephen Jones, DVM There are now more months of the year where environmental conditions favor mosquito survival and reproduction. Warmer temperatures Indoor environments
More informationFOR ANIMAL TREATMENT ONLY
Hangsell card front panel (2 chew) Issue Date: 5/4/2011 Page: 1 of 11 FOR ANIMAL TREATMENT ONLY Each chew contains: 175 mg PRAZIQUANTEL 174.4 mg PYRANTEL as PYRANTEL EMBONATE 875 mg FEBANTEL Controls all
More informationCaring for puppies and kittens advice to share with owners
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Caring for puppies and kittens advice to share with owners Author : Emma Gerrard, Ellie Smith Categories : RVNs Date : January
More informationSummary of Product Characteristics
Summary of Product Characteristics 1 NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Zantel Cat and Dog Tablets 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Active substances (per tablet): Praziquantel Fenbendazole
More informationVetoquinol/DOLPAC Small dogs/european Renewal June 2011 SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Austria Belgium Cyprus Malta Czech Republic Netherlands Greece Portugal Slovakia Hungary Slovenia Germany Finland France Luxembourg
More informationSummary of Product Characteristics
Summary of Product Characteristics 1 NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT ZANTEL 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Active substances: Per tablet Praziquantel 50.0 mg Fenbendazole 500.0 mg
More informationTaking your pets abroad
Taking your pets abroad Your guide to diseases encountered abroad Produced by the BVA Animal Welfare Foundation www.bva-awf.org.uk BVA AWF is a registered charity (287118) Prevention is better than cure!
More informationHorse Owner s Guide To Worming
Horse Owner s Guide To Worming Bimeda Equine is proud to promote best practice targeted worming regimes, to help protect both today s horses and future generations. Bimeda Equine Proudly Promoting Responsible
More informationPARASITES IN CATS AND DOGS: MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk PARASITES IN CATS AND DOGS: MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT Author : HANY M ELSHEIKHA Categories : Vets Date : January 20, 2014 HANY
More informationSHE SINGS ALONG TO EVERY SONG...
Prevention. Protection. SHE SINGS ALONG TO EVERY SONG... Protect your best friend with the 5-IN-1 HEARTWORM MEDICINE THAT USES LUFENURON TO STOP FLEAS BEFORE THEY START. Prevention. Protection. POWERED
More informationWhat s Hiding in your Pet?
What s Hiding in your Pet? by Erin Quigley, DVM Potentially harmful parasites! A parasite is an organism that lives on (external) or in (internal) an organism of another species (such as dog, cat or human),
More informationSummary of Product Characteristics
Summary of Product Characteristics 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Prazitel Plus XL Tablets For Dogs 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each tablet contains: Active substances: Praziquantel
More informationSUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Drontal Plus XL Flavour Tablets for Dogs 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each tablet contains: Febantel Pyrantel
More informationIn a tasty bone shape.
Drontal Plus Taste Tabs the worms enemy, the dog s friend Easy to administer Can help increase owner compliance Effective against the most common types of intestinal worms found in dogs The most comprehensive
More informationIDEXX PetChek IP A new approach to intestinal parasites in veterinary medicine
IDEXX PetChek IP A new approach to intestinal parasites in veterinary medicine Making next-generation testing a part of parasite control programmes Introduction Veterinary practices routinely implement
More informationNematodes 2. Lecture topics. Ascarid life cycle. Main features of the Ascarids. Adults L 5 L 1 L 4 L 2 L 3. Groups that you need to know about
Lecture topics Nematodes 2 BVM&S Parasitology T.W.Jones The Ascarids Migratory & non-migratory species Hypobiosis Paratenic hosts The Strongyles Tissue feeders Migratory & non-migratory species The Hookworms
More informationSUMMARY of PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
SUMMARY of PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. Name of the veterinary medicinal product HELM-EX Flavour Tablets 2. Qualitative and quantitative composition Each tablet contains: Active ubstances Praziquantel 50.0
More informationNematodes 2. BVM&S Parasitology T.W.Jones
Nematodes 2 BVM&S Parasitology T.W.Jones Lecture topics The Ascarids Migratory & non-migratory species Hypobiosis Paratenic hosts The Strongyles Tissue feeders Migratory & non-migratory species The Hookworms
More informationTablet. A light-brown to brown, meat flavoured, bone shaped tablet scored on both sides that can be divided into halves.
1 NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Drontal Dog Tasty Bone 150/144/50 mg tablets 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each tablet contains: Active Substances: 150 mg Febantel 50 mg Pyrantel
More informationHorse Owner s Guide To Worming
Horse Owner s Guide To Worming Bimeda Equine is proud to promote best practice targeted worming regimes, to help protect both today s horses and future generations. Bimeda Equine Proudly Promoting Responsible
More informationCardiac blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes as described in Chapter 2, and
48 Cardiac blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes as described in Chapter 2, and stored in a refrigerator for processing later. Following euthanasia, adhesive tape swabs were collected from each dog
More informationNutrition of Kittens
Nutrition of Kittens Your kitten s health and vitality depends on what you feed it. Kittens need the right balance of nutrients carefully matched to their age and activity level. They need a diet that
More informationSEMESTER ONE 2007 INFECTION and IMMUNITY GRADUATE ENTRY PROGRAMME PARASITOLOGY PRACTICAL 9 Dr TW Jones NEMATODES
SEMESTER ONE 2007 INFECTION and IMMUNITY GRADUATE ENTRY PROGRAMME PARASITOLOGY PRACTICAL 9 Dr TW Jones NEMATODES Objectives After this class I expect you to be able to: 1. Describe and recognise the range
More informationPush flea protection forward
Push flea protection forward Advantage Multi (imidacloprid + moxidectin) pushes protection forward The imidacloprid in prescription-only Advantage Multi starts working through contact fleas don t have
More informationNEW. paralysis ticks fleas heartworm intestinal worms
NEW paralysis ticks fleas heartworm intestinal worms Dog owners are confused With so many different products to choose from, many owners are unsure what parasites their dogs are currently protected against.
More informationTHE VETERINARIAN'S CHOICE. Compendium clinical Trials. Introducing new MILPRO. from Virbac. Go pro. Go MILPRO..
THE VETERINARIAN'S CHOICE. Introducing new MILPRO from Virbac. Compendium clinical Trials Go pro. Go MILPRO.. milbemycin/praziquantel Content INTRODUCTION 05 I. EFFICACY STUDIES IN CATS 06 I.I. Efficacy
More informationA revolution in the parasite control for cats. Dr Anne Bollart Merial Technical & Marketing Manager - Pets Business
A revolution in the parasite control for cats Dr Anne Bollart Merial Technical & Marketing Manager - Pets Business Jelgava 11/09/2014 AGENDA The cat endectocide market & Results of an epidemiological survey
More informationA NEW PUPPY! VACCINATION
A NEW PUPPY! Congratulations on the arrival of your new puppy! The following information is provided to help you with the essential health care for your new family member. VACCINATION Some canine diseases
More informationKITTENS RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OWNERS
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OWNERS Owning a cat is an extremely rewarding experience, but also carries responsibilities. We hope these notes will be of help - if you have further questions concerning any subject
More informationTreatment of mixed infections by nematodes and cestodes of the following species:
1 NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Drontal Tasty Bone Multi-worm XL 525/504/175 mg tablets 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each tablet contains: Active Substances 525 mg febantel 175
More informationScientific background concerning Echinococcus multilocularis. Muza Kirjušina, Daugavpils University, Latvia
Scientific background concerning Echinococcus multilocularis Muza Kirjušina, Daugavpils University, Latvia Echinococcus multilocularis Infection with the larval form causes alveolar echinococcosis (AE).
More informationParasite control in beef and dairy cattle
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Parasite control in beef and dairy cattle Author : Louise Silk Categories : Farm animal, Vets Date : August 22, 2016 Control
More informationSummary of Product Characteristics
Summary of Product Characteristics 1 NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Prazitel Plus XL Tablets For Dogs 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each tablet contains: Active substances: Praziquantel
More informationDOG 14 DOGS AND HUMAN HEALTH
DOG 14 DOGS AND HUMAN HEALTH Owning a pet is one of life s pleasures and, unlike some other pleasures, pets are positively good for children and adults alike. Pet owners have a reduced risk of heart disease
More informationPARASIT XPERT. Cat Lungworm IN CLINIC EDITORIAL NEWSLETTER. Issue 1 ABOUT THE CAT LUNGWORM
NEWSLETTER Issue 1 PARASIT XPERT EDITORIAL It is a real pleasure to introduce Parasit Xpert, a newsletter that is devoted to you who are willing to be updated with emerging and reemerging cat and dog parasites,
More informationThe Prevalence of Some Intestinal Parasites in Stray Dogs From Tetova, Fyr Macedonia
The Prevalence of Some Intestinal Parasites in Stray Dogs From Tetova, Fyr Macedonia Abdilazis Llokmani (Msc), Regional Unit of Food and Veterinary Inspection, FYR Macedonia Dhimitër Rapti (Prof. Dr) Department
More informationFor the treatment of mixed parasitic infections in cats caused by roundworms and tapeworms of the following species:
Printed from (http://www.noahcompendium.co.uk). (c) Copyright 2018. All Rights Reserved. Date: Wednesday, October 24, 2018 11:47 Bayer plc Telephone:0118 206 3000 Website:www.bayer.co.uk Email:animal.health@bayer.com
More informationMOXIDECTIN SPOT-ON SOLUTION FOR KITTENS AND SMALL CATS. 280 mg/ml FLURALANER 14 mg/ml MOXIDECTIN Also contains: 339 mg/ml DIMETHYLACETAMIDE (solvent)
Product Name: BRAVECTO PLUS FLEA, TICK AND WORM 112.5 MG FLURALANER AND 5.6 MG MOXIDECTIN SPOT-ON SOLUTION FOR KITTENS AND SMALL CATS APVMA Approval No: 85418/113229 Label Name: BRAVECTO PLUS FLEA, TICK
More informationANNEX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
ANNEX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1 [Single-dose pipettes] 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Profender 30 mg/7.5 mg spot-on solution for small cats Profender 60 mg/15 mg spot-on solution
More informationSurvey of endoparasitic of Norway infections of dogs in a region of Norway. Survey of endoparasitic infections of dogs in a region
University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest (UVMB), University Department of Veterinary of Parasitology Medicine and Budapest Zoology (UVMB), Department of Parasitology and Zoology Survey of endoparasitic
More informationSUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Veloxa Forte Chewable Tablets for Dogs (in Greece and Hungary) Veloxa 175/504/525 mg Chewable Tablets for Dogs (in Denmark,
More informationSummary of Product Characteristics
Summary of Product Characteristics 1 NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Prazical Plus XL Tablets For Dogs 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each tablet contains: Active substances: Praziquantel
More informationKITTEN CARE VACCINATION
KITTEN CARE Congratulations on your new kitten. The team at Cairns Veterinary Clinic are excited to welcome your new addition to The Cairns Vet Family. As a new kitten owner there is a lot that you, as
More informationSUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT CESTEM Flavoured tablets for large dogs [UK, IT, DE, AT, BE, NL, LU, ES, PL, BG, CY, CZ, EE, EL, HU, LT, LV, PT, RO, SK, SI]
More informationWorm control in backyard poultry
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Worm control in backyard poultry Author : Alastair Johnston Categories : Vets Date : November 28, 2011 Alastair Johnston examines
More information04/02/2013. Parasites and breeding dogs: These parasites we don t hear so much about. Main internal parasites found in breeding kennels
Parasites and breeding dogs: These parasites we don t hear so much about Main internal parasites found in breeding kennels Isospora sp. Giardia sp. Toxocara canis Something else? Breeders burden I m kind
More informationProceeding of the LAVC Latin American Veterinary Conference Oct , 2010 Lima, Peru
Close this window to return to IVIS www.ivis.org Proceeding of the LAVC Latin American Veterinary Conference Oct. 25-27, 2010 Lima, Peru Next LAVC Conference: Oct. 24-26, 2011 Lima, Peru Reprinted in the
More informationCompanion Animal Spring Newsletter 2015
Sanatorium Road Cardiff CF11 8DG Tel: 029 2038 2211 www.park-vets.com Companion Animal Spring Newsletter 2015 OUR SMALL ANIMAL TEAM Simon Moat Suzanne Baxter Welcome to our Companion Animal Spring Newsletter..we
More informationDiseases of the Travelling Pet Part 4
Diseases of the Travelling Pet Part 4 Emerging Diseases and Chemoprophylaxis Ian Wright BVMS, MSc, MRCVS www.vet-ecpd.com www.centralcpd.co.uk Diseases of the travelling pet Ian Wright BVMS.Bsc. Msc. MRCVS
More informationGuidelines for Veterinarians: Prevention of Zoonotic Transmission of Ascarids and Hookworms of Dogs and Cats
Guidelines for Veterinarians: Prevention of Zoonotic Transmission of Ascarids and Hookworms of Dogs and Cats Alphabetical Listing Travel Guidelines for Veterinarians: Prevention of Zoonotic Transmission
More informationGeneral introduction
Spirometra mansoni General introduction Distributed worldwide, mainly in southeast Asia. Larval infection of S. mansoni may cause serious clinical disease ---Sparganosis Morphology Adult worm measures
More information1.3.1 Milbemycin oxime + Praziquantel SPC, Labeling and Package Leaflet GB
ANNEX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS SmPCPIL095728_1 04.07.2017 Updated: 04.07.2017 Page 1 of 17 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Milquantel 2.5 mg/25 mg tablets for small dogs and puppies
More informationIssue 03 July September 2017
Parasite Forecast Issue 03 July September 2017 UK & lreland Welcome Welcome to the ESCCAP UK & Ireland quarterly newsletter. Over the past 3 months, ESCCAP UK & Ireland have continued to work with its
More informationIntestinal Worms CHILDREN SAY THAT WE CAN. Intestinal worms affect millions of children worldwide.
Intestinal worms affect millions of children worldwide. Older children can learn and share knowledge about the life cycle of intestinal worms, the available treatment for worms and what they can do to
More informationIntroducing the Elanco Pet Reach Program
Introducing the Elanco Pet Reach Program reach your clients with this free marketing program A NEW WAY TO KEEP YOUR CLIENTS COMING BACK The Elanco Pet Reach Program makes it easy to connect with your clients.
More informationModern Parasitology For The Cat:
Modern Parasitology For The Cat: Fleas, Mites, and Worms, Oh My! Annette Litster BVSc PhD FACVSc (Feline Medicine) MMedSci (Clinical Epidemiology) Senior Veterinary Specialist, Zoetis Chris Adolph DVM,
More informationFarm Newsletter - February 2017
Farm Newsletter - February 2017 Lung Worm in Cattle The disease is caused by the worm Dictyocaulus viviparus. Adult worms live in the animal s lungs where they produce eggs which hatch quickly. The first
More informationLecture 4: Dr. Jabar Etaby
Lecture 4: Dr. Jabar Etaby 1 Introduction : Cutaneous larva migrans(clm),frequently termed creeping eruption,is a parasitic skin infection that is caused by the filariform larvae of various animal hookworm
More informationWe Check Your Pets For Internal Parasites
We Check Your Pets For Internal Parasites Why have a fecal exam done twice yearly? Hookworm egg, whipworm egg, roundworm egg Question: Vets typically want to a microscopic exam of a stool sample from our
More informationAntihelminthic Trematodes (flukes): Cestodes (tapeworms): Nematodes (roundworms, pinworm, whipworms and hookworms):
Antihelminthic Drugs used to treat parasitic worm infections: helminthic infections Unlike protozoa, helminthes are large and have complex cellular structures It is very important to identify the causative
More informationHookworms in Dogs & Cats Blood-Sucking Parasites in our Pets
Hookworms in Dogs & Cats Blood-Sucking Parasites in our Pets Recently I came across a news story of a couple who visited the Dominican Republic. While in the tropical paradise, they became infected with
More informationDetermining the Most Prevalent Parasitic Worms Found in Canines Surrounding the Bryan/College Station Area
Determining the Most Prevalent Parasitic Worms Found in Canines Surrounding the Bryan/College Station Area Yineli Carreon, Katie Freeman, Jesus Garcia, Cierra Briggs, Koren Dunn, Morgan De Shields, and
More informationIssue 02 April July 2017
Parasite Forecast Issue 02 April July 2017 UK & lreland Welcome Welcome to the second issue of the quarterly ESCCAP UK & Ireland Parasite Forecast. Following the general election we have a new UK government
More informationMcLEOD VETERINARY HOSPITAL. Your. New Puppy
McLEOD VETERINARY HOSPITAL Your New Puppy Congratulations Congratulations on the new addition to your family and thank you for choosing McLeod Veterinary Hospital. This can be both a fun and overwhelming
More informationFederal law (U.S.A.) restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian.
BAYER HEALTHCARE LLC Animal Health Division USA Product Label http://www.vetdepot.com P.O. BOX 390, SHAWNEE MISSION, KS, 66201-0390 Customer Service Tel.: 800-633-3796 Customer Service Fax: 800-344-4219
More informationDear Doctor: Our sincerest thanks, Stephen A. Connell, DVM Director, Technical, Academic and Consumer Services Elanco Companion Animal Health
Dear Doctor: As a trained professional, you understand the loss of a pet is incredibly difficult. Every pet owner responds differently as they grieve. We believe the recent negative media coverage of Trifexis
More information10/29/14. Things to Consider. Common Care for Dogs & Cats. Direct Transfer. Zoonotic Disease. Transfer via waste. Vector borne
Things to Consider Common Care for Dogs & Cats Zoonotic Disease Vaccines Surgery Prophylactics Intestinal Parasites Basic Maintenance Zoonotic Disease Pathogen can be transmitted from animal to human and
More informationFeline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)
Virus (FeLV) FIV and FeLV are both viruses within the same family of retroviruses, but they are in different groups within that family: FIV is in one group called lentiviruses these cause lifelong infections
More informationTraining Module No 3
Training Module No 3 Theory 1. Pneumonia 2. Condition scoring 3. Tapeworm cyst (Turning disease/draaikop) 4. Visual Examination 17-point check Property of Abafuyi Media Training Module 3 Pneumonia treat
More informationQuantifying the risk of zoonotic geohelminth infections for rural household inhabitants in Central Poland
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 2017, Vol 24, No 1, 44 48 www.aaem.pl ORIGINAL ARTICLE Quantifying the risk of zoonotic geohelminth infections for rural household inhabitants in Central
More informationEquine internal parasites: their types and management
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Equine internal parasites: their types and management Author : Katie Snalune Categories : RVNs Date : July 1, 2008 Katie Snalune
More informationGeneral Practice Service Willows Information Sheets. Looking after your pregnant cat
General Practice Service Willows Information Sheets Looking after your pregnant cat Looking after your pregnant cat The following information is aimed at ordinary cat owners rather than cat breeders. It
More informationIt s a dog s life: vet nursing at Dogs Trust centre, Leeds
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk It s a dog s life: vet nursing at Dogs Trust centre, Leeds Author : Vicky Tonks Categories : RVNs Date : May 1, 2008 Vicky
More informationAscarids, Oxyuris, Trichocephalids
LABORATORY Laboratory 4 Pg. 1 4 Introduction: Ascarids, Oxyuris, Trichocephalids The ascarids are large parasitic nematodes that usually live in the small intestine of their host. All ascarids have 3 lips
More informationCongratulations. on your new Puppy/Dog!
Congratulations on your new Puppy/Dog! This handout is being provided to help you better understand the medical needs of your new pet. Hearing all this information at one time can be overwhelming. This
More informationANNEX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
ANNEX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Advocate 40 mg + 4 mg spot-on solution for small cats and ferrets Advocate 80 mg + 8 mg spot-on solution for large
More informationSUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS Revised: May 2016 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Milpro 12.5 mg/125 mg film-coated tablets for dogs Milpro Vet. 12.5 mg/125 mg film-coated tablets for dogs
More informationPET CARE BRINGING YOUR PUPPY HOME:
PET CARE BRINGING YOUR PUPPY HOME: When bringing a new puppy home, ensure that you are able to keep the dog securely confined to your own property. For the first few nights, the puppy will fret for the
More informationFECAL EGG AND OOCYST COUNTS IN DOGS AND CATS FROM ANIMAL SHELTERS FROM SOUTH DAKOTA
Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, Vol. 81 (2002) 227 FECAL EGG AND OOCYST COUNTS IN DOGS AND CATS FROM ANIMAL SHELTERS FROM SOUTH DAKOTA M.B. Hildreth, J.A. Bjordahl and S.R. Duimstra
More informationECHINOCOCCOSIS. By Dr. Ameer kadhim Hussein. M.B.Ch.B. FICMS (Community Medicine).
ECHINOCOCCOSIS By Dr. Ameer kadhim Hussein. M.B.Ch.B. FICMS (Community Medicine). INTRODUCTION Species under genus Echinococcus are small tapeworms of carnivores with larval stages known as hydatids proliferating
More information