~5 mins Working scientifically How parasites are transmitted

Transcription

1 Please note, this lesson is the second of two on the topic of Pets and Parasites (Lesson 1: Fleas; Lesson 2: Worms). While it is recommended that both lessons are delivered, each lesson can also standalone (although this lesson [lesson 2] lacks a general introduction to the concept of parasites). This lesson on worms can be carried out either indoors or outdoors, as it does not require access to IT equipment. Activity Length Content included from the KS2 Maths/Science curriculum Building on the KS2 curriculum 1.Introduction ~10 mins Working scientifically Introducing the specific topic of the lesson: Charlie the dog and his worms 2. Guessing the length of the longest worm in pets Title Lesson on Pets and their Parasites 2: Worms Authors Lucy Welch (BSc Hons Zoology), Heather Vincent Contact Maggy.fostier@manchester.ac.uk Target level KS2 Primary (specifically aimed at Year 5) Publication date September 2013 ~5 mins Working scientifically How parasites are transmitted 3. Squirmy worm facts ~5 mins Working scientifically Establishing why worms are a problem 4. Worm detectives ~20 mins Working scientifically Investigating worms around the home 5. Perfect Paws Veterinary Surgery ~15 mins Decimals; using money; rounding; converting lengths; addition; subtraction; multiplication; division Understanding how to prevent / treat worms; applying maths to sciencebased problems Optional extra activities 6. Making a modelling clay worm ~15 mins Understanding worm body parts 7. Egg throwing contest ~10 mins Reinforcing the idea of how worms are transmitted 8. Wormy world card game ~20 mins Converting lengths; addition; subtraction; multiplication; division Summarising lesson; applying maths to sciencebased problems It is recommended that the first five activities are completed in the order given above. However, the last three activities can be considered optional extras, as they do not introduce new information, and instead serve to reinforce the information already given.

2 - Activity 1 is an introduction which uses printed out images (suggested commentary is included). - Activity 2 is more practical and involves using a few pieces of pre-cut string. - Activity 3 is also practical and requires class participation. - Activity 4 is a worksheet which asks the children to match an object to a description. - Activity 5 is another worksheet which has some maths-based problems. Optional extra activities: - Activity 6 is a practical modelling exercise to make a worm. - Activity 7 is a throwing contest. The children engage in a competition to see who can get their polystyrene eggs to land on a picture of a pet. - Activity 8 is a card game to summarise what has been learnt.

3 Lesson on Pets and Parasites 2: Worms Activity 1: Paper Introduction - ~10 mins. This activity aims to introduce the specific topic of the lesson: Charlie the dog and his worms. This is a whole class activity. Before the lesson, it is recommended that the images for Activity 1 in the uploaded PDF are printed (and laminated), ready for use. Materials needed: 2 A3 laminated worm body parts (suggested commentary is in the uploaded PDF document) Optional extra materials: Charlie, the soft toy dog; a sample of real parasitic worms; magnifying glass. [A sample of real parasitic worms can be borrowed from a local museum/university.] Show two A3 laminated pictures of close-up body parts of various types of worm (i.e. features which help these worms to live inside the body). Activity 2: Guessing the length of the longest worm in pets - ~5 mins. This activity aims to illustrate the problem of worms by demonstrating the surprising length some worms can grow to. This is a whole class activity. The lengths of string required should ideally be cut to the right lengths prior to the lesson. Materials needed: 3 lengths of string: 35cm, 1m, 8.8m. Three volunteers are needed, each to hold one length of string. Everyone in the class then votes on how high they think fleas can jump (e.g. by raising their hands). The correct answer is 1m. Another interesting point you may wish to discuss is that some of the longest worms can be 8.8m long in humans (but they are not quite this long in pets).

4 Activity 3: Squirmy worm facts - ~5 mins This activity aims to establish why worms are a problem. This is a whole class activity. Prior to the lesson, it is recommended that the next 6 pages are printed into A3 paper, so that children can be asked to hold them up. Materials needed: 6 A3 sheets [next 6 pages] Six volunteers are needed to hold up one A3 sheet each. Each sheet contains a fact about worms. Some of these facts are intended to stimulate further discussion: o Pets have the same body organs as humans do. o Worm eggs are too small to see with the naked eye, and so it is possible to swallow them without realising. o One worm can lay millions of eggs in a day. o How do you think having worms makes pets feel? If the worms are living in the gut, some types eat the food passing through, meaning pets can get very hungry and, as a result, may become very thin. Some types of worm can cause pets to scoot across the floor (drag their bottom to relieve itching). They may also get diarrhoea or become very tired.

5 Worms Worms live in: Heart and Lungs blood live inside the body. Intestines

6 Worms living inside pets are very different from the type of worm you find in your garden! (Garden earthworms are not parasites!)

7 Some worms feed on your pet s blood, but some steal the food your pet has eaten! How do you think this makes pets feel?

8 Some types of worms are really long and flat (like ribbon), (Attach piece of ribbon here) but some are small and round (like string). (Attach piece of string here)

9 Some types of worm can live inside people! (So make sure you wash your hands!)

10 Worms move from pet to pet by laying eggs

11 Activity 4: Worm detectives - ~20 mins. This activity aims to investigate the problem of worms. This is a group activity, and ideally children should be split into 5 equally-sized groups. Before the children can begin, it is recommended that the props described below are set up, along with an associated number. Materials needed: a Worm Detectives worksheet per child [see next page]; a completed worksheet with answers [see next pages]; 5 A4-sized laminated number markers [see the uploaded PDF document]; 5 PROPS: described below The 5 props for use during this activity: 1. A soft toy cat ( Jess ) 2. Laminated pictures of a slug and snail [see uploaded PDF] in a bowl. 3. Dog/cat poo * and poo bags. 4. Laminated picture of a fox [see uploaded PDF]. 5. Soil and sand * Poo can be made before the lesson by mixing one cereal biscuit (e.g. Weetabix), one teaspoon of coffee granules, and one tablespoon of warm water. This can then be moulded into a realistic shape. Each of the five props, along with a laminated number, should be placed in different locations. The props demonstrate: o Sources of worm eggs infected pets (object 1); infected wild animals (objects 2 & 4). When food/water bowls are left outdoors, slugs and snails can often be found in them. Pet owners should always make sure that bowls are kept clean and slug/snail-free. o Where worm eggs can be found in poo (object 3); anywhere that infected animals have had a poo (object 5). o How to prevent further infection clear up pet poo (also object 3).

12 Another point to mention is that eggs might not just be in poo, soil and sand, but also in infected meat. This is one of the reasons why it is important to cook meat properly. The children should be split into five equal-sized groups. Each group should discuss their object and then fill in a Worm Detectives worksheet. The worksheet has five boxes on the left hand side containing names of the objects, with some missing letters. They should fill in any missing letters and then match the objects to their descriptions on the right hand side of the worksheet. About two minutes per object should be enough time for the children to do this. They will then move on to the next object. Once each group has visited all five objects, the correct answers [see next pages] will be discussed as a class.

13 Worm detectives! Working together in groups, decide what the objects are and draw lines to match each one to the correct description. Fo_es Do_ or c_t po_ Dogs eat these, but they contain parasites which are very dangerous and might even kill pets. She s back again! She might be cute, but she keeps pooing in the garden, leaving millions of worm eggs all over the place! _ess th_ c_t They might be wild animals, but they visit our gardens and leave worm eggs which can infect pets! _lug_ and s_ai_s Fun to play in, but also where Jess likes to have a poo Soi_ and s_n_ This may have up to 1 million worm eggs in it! But these eggs are usually too small to see. What is this?

14 Worm detectives! Working together in groups, decide what the objects are and draw lines to match each one to the correct description. Foxes Dogs eat these, but they contain parasites which are very dangerous and might even kill pets. Dog or cat poo She s back again! She might be cute, but she keeps pooing in the garden, leaving millions of worm eggs all over the place! Jess the cat They might be wild animals, but they visit our gardens and leave worm eggs which can infect pets! Slugs and snails Fun to play in, but also where Jess likes to have a poo Soil and sand This may have up to 1 million worm eggs in it! But these eggs are usually too small to see. What is this? A worm head

15 Activity 5: Perfect Paws Veterinary Surgery - ~15 mins. This activity aims to collect results and begin to solve the problem of worms. For this activity, children can either work alone or in pairs. Materials needed: Perfect Paws Vets Price Lists (enough for 1 per child, or 1 between 2) [see next page]; a Perfect Paws Vets Shopping List Worms worksheet per child [see next pages]; Answers to worksheet [see next pages]; plastic money (i.e. enough for each child to have, or share, around 10). As a whole class, read through the blurb at the top of the Perfect Paws Vets price list. Each child can then be given a worksheet to fill in. Plastic money can be supplied to help any children who may need it to work out the answers. After about 10 minutes, the correct answers can be discussed as a class [see next pages].

16 Vets Welcome to Perfect Paws Veterinary Surgery. We have everything you need to keep pets free from parasites! Here is a price list for all the items that we sell. These items all help pets to stay parasite-free. The treatments for fleas and worms are mixed up, so make sure you check the list carefully! Follow the instructions on your worksheet to find out which items you need to buy. Flea comb 79p Worming syrup 4.90 Cat flea collar 2.59 Poo bags Worming tablets 1.49 (pack of 50 bags) 6.43 (box of 4 tablets) Household flea spray 6.25 Flea tablets Flea drops (for skin) Worming drops (for skin) 6.60 (box of 6 tablets) 9.80 (box of 3 tubes) 8.21 (box of 2 tubes) Dog flea collar 3.59 Flea shampoo 3.35 Cat litter tray 2.55

17 Vets Shopping list Use the plastic money to help you to work out the answers! 1. List all the items you think might help to get rid of Charlie s worms. 2. You decide to buy some worming tablets from our surgery. It says on the box that 1 tablet will kill worms for 6 weeks. a. How many worming tablets are in 1 box? b. How many weeks will 1 box kill worms for? 3. You are a responsible dog owner and so you buy some poo bags. a. How many bags do you get in a pack? b. The poo bags are on special offer and cost you half the price that it says on the price list. How much do you pay for them? 4. You realise that you need to stop Jess the cat from pooing in the garden, so you also buy a cat litter tray. a. How much is a cat litter tray? b. What is the price of this rounded to the nearest whole? 5. In the end, you realise you only have 9 in your pocket. You decide to buy some worming syrup, a pack of poo bags and a cat litter tray from our surgery. a. How much will this cost? b. How much change will you get?

18 Vets Shopping list Use the plastic money to help you to work out the answers! 1. List all the items you think might help to get rid of Charlie s worms. Worming syrup, poo bags, worming tablets, worming drops (for skin), cat litter tray. 2. You decide to buy some worming tablets from our surgery. It says on the box that 1 tablet will kill worms for 6 weeks. a. How many worming tablets are in 1 box? 4 tablets. b. How many weeks will 1 box kill worms for? 24 weeks. 3. You are a responsible dog owner and so you buy some poo bags. a. How many bags do you get in a pack? 50 bags. b. The poo bags are on special offer and cost you half the price that it says on the price list. How much do you pay for them? 74p or 75p. 4. You realise that you need to stop the Jess the cat from pooing in the garden, so you also buy a cat litter tray. a. How much is a cat litter tray? b. What is the price of this rounded to the nearest whole? In the end, you realise you only have 9 in your pocket. You decide to buy some worming syrup, a pack of poo bags and a cat litter tray from our surgery. a. How much will this cost? 8.94 (or 8.19/8.20 if they buy the poo bags for half price) b. How much change will you get? 6p (or 81p/80p if they buy the poo bags for half price).

19 Optional extra activities: Activity 6: Making a modelling clay worm - ~15 mins. This activity aims to reinforce the idea of the variety of sizes and shapes of worm that can be found inside a pet s body. For this activity, children work independently. Before the lesson, it is advisable to make a worm body part as an example of what it expected. Materials needed: 2 pictures of close-up worm body parts (the same ones that were used in Activity 1); at least 1 strip of modelling clay per child; a pre-made modelling clay worm body part (for demonstration); reward stickers. Each child should be given a strip of modelling clay and asked to mould it into a worm of whatever size they want to, e.g. long and flat-bodied, or small and roundbodied. Each child is then told to use their strip of modelling clay to make a replica of one of the worm body parts shown on the two laminated pictures previously used. The best attempts can receive a sticker. Optional extra activities: Activity 7: Egg throwing contest - ~10 mins. This activity aims to reinforce eggs as an important method of transmission between pets. For this activity, children compete in pairs. Before the lesson, it is recommended that the laminated animal shapes are cut out and taped together, and a scoreboard printed out, ready for use. Materials needed: a large, laminated dog ( Charlie ) [see uploaded PDF]; a large, laminated cat [see uploaded PDF]; several polystyrene eggs; a scoreboard [see next page]; rewards, e.g. stickers. [Polystyrene eggs can be purchased from most craft shops.] Position the two laminated pets on an even surface. Two at a time, the children should be given an equal number of eggs each; the aim is to throw the eggs so that they land on one of the pets. The winner in each pair of children (i.e. the person who got most eggs in their pet) wins a sticker. After having a go, the children then write their names on the contest scoreboard, while another two have their go. Once all of the children have had a go, the overall winner gets another reward sticker.

20 1 Worm Egg Challenge Write your name next to your score

21 Optional extra activities: Activity 8: Wormy World card game - ~20 mins. This activity aims to summarise the lesson by bringing together knowledge about worms and ways to get rid of them, and also to use this knowledge to solve some mathematical problems. An activity for groups of 3 children. Before the lesson, it is recommended that enough game cards are prepared for each group of children (i.e. printed onto coloured card, cut and put into envelopes). A full set of Wormy World game cards to be used by one group of three children. Materials needed: a set of Wormy World cards per group of 3 children (i.e. each set has 15 cards) [see next pages]; rewards, e.g. stickers. Each group can be given an envelope containing three different colours of card. There are five cards of each colour; the children should split the cards out so that each person has all of one card colour. Some cards contain quick maths, some use knowledge acquired from earlier and some are Shhh! cards. The Shhh! cards must not be read out instead, they must be acted out. (The cards can be in any order in each player s pile.) The children should then take it in turns to read out (or act out) the question written on the card at the top of their pile, while the other two children listen. After hearing the question/watching the mime, the two listening children must then compete against each other to be the first to answer the question. The child who read the question out asks whoever raises their hand first to give the answer. If they get it wrong, the other child gets a chance to answer. Whoever gets the answer right first is given the card they have just answered a question from, which they put to one side as a way of keeping track of their score ; make it clear that they don t read this question out after the card has been won. If no one gets the answer right, the correct answer is read out, but then the card gets put to the back of the pile and read out again at the end of the game (to see if the children can remember the answer).

22 The person to the left then gets to read out their card and the game continues in this way until all questions have been asked and (eventually) answered correctly. Each child should then count up the number of cards they have won. The winner in each group receives a reward, e.g. a sticker.

23 [Game cards on next 6 pages]

24 PRINT ON GREY CARD, THEN CUT OUT INTO INDIVIDUAL PLAYING CARDS. Shhh! Pretend to clean up Charlie s poo. Can worms live inside people? Answer: Yes, some types can - to make sure you don t get them, wash your hands after touching your pet, cleaning up poo, or playing in any of the places you might find eggs. Charlie has 6 worms in his intestines, Jess has 4, and Rufus has 10. How many worms do they have altogether? Winnie the worm lays 2000 eggs in 1 day. How many eggs does she lay altogether in 2 days? Answer: 20 worms Answer: 4000

25 PRINT ON GREEN CARD, THEN CUT OUT INTO INDIVIDUAL PLAYING CARDS. Shhh! Pretend to give Charlie a worming tablet. Think of 2 places that worm eggs can be found? Answer: Poo, soil, sandpits, pet fur William the worm is 8cm long. How long is this in mm? Charlie has 18 worms inside him. If Jess has 7 less than this, how many does she have? Answer: 80mm Answer: 11 worms

26 PRINT ON PINK CARD, THEN CUT OUT INTO INDIVIDUAL PLAYING CARDS. Shhh! Pretend to wash your hands. Think of 3 ways that you can help Charlie get rid of his worms. Answer: Lots of ways! Worming syrup, worming tablets, worming drops, making sure he doesn t eat poo, slugs and snails, making sure Jess uses her cat litter tray Yuk! You accidentally stand in some dog poo left on the pavement. The poo has 1000 worm eggs in it. If half of these eggs get stuck to the bottom of your shoe, how many eggs are there now on your shoe? One dog poo can have up to 1 million worm eggs in it! If Charlie does 1 poo every day for 4 days, how many eggs have come out in his poo altogether? Answer: 500 eggs Answer: 4 million

27 PRINT ON GREY CARD (THIS IS THE FIFTH CARD IN GREY SET OF CARDS, REPEATED FOUR TIMES FOR ECONOMICAL PRINTING). Where do worms live in your pet? Where do worms live in your pet? Answer: Inside the body. Most live in the intestines, but some might live in the heart, lungs and blood. Answer: Inside the body. Most live in the intestines, but some might live in the heart, lungs and blood. Where do worms live in your pet? Where do worms live in your pet? Answer: Inside the body. Most live in the intestines, but some might live in the heart, lungs and blood. Answer: Inside the body. Most live in the intestines, but some might live in the heart, lungs and blood.

28 PRINT ON GREEN CARD (THIS IS THE FIFTH CARD IN GREEN SET OF CARDS, REPEATED FOUR TIMES FOR ECONOMICAL PRINTING). What is a sign that a pet might have worms? What is a sign that a pet might have worms? Answer: being very thin, having diarrhoea (runny poo), being tired, being very hungry, scooting Answer: being very thin, having diarrhoea (runny poo), being tired, being very hungry, scooting What is a sign that a pet might have worms? What is a sign that a pet might have worms? Answer: being very thin, having diarrhoea (runny poo), being tired, being very hungry, scooting Answer: being very thin, having diarrhoea (runny poo), being tired, being very hungry, scooting

29 PRINT ON PINK CARD (THIS IS THE FIFTH CARD IN PINK SET OF CARDS, REPEATED FOUR TIMES FOR ECONOMICAL PRINTING). What do worms feed on? What do worms feed on? Answer: the food an animal eats, or blood. Answer: the food an animal eats, or blood. What do worms feed on? What do worms feed on? Answer: the food an animal eats, or blood. Answer: the food an animal eats, or blood.

30 ****** End of lesson ******