Kathleen Krafte, Lincoln Larson, Robert Powell Clemson University ISSRM: June 14, 2015

Transcription

1 Kathleen Krafte, Lincoln Larson, Robert Powell Clemson University ISSRM: June 14, 2015

2 Big cats are keystone carnivore species that drive the structure and function of biological communities in diverse ecosystems around the world. Big cat conservation is a global priority and an immense challenge.

3 Human-cat conflict is a major barrier to global cat conservation efforts (Inskip & Zimmermann, 2009) Threats include: Impacts on cats (poaching, habitat loss, resource competition) Impacts on humans (livestock depredation, injury/death)

4 Despite consistent efforts, management strategies have achieved limited success. Populations continue to decline. Purpose of Study: Explore the current state of knowledge regarding human- Panthera conflict to inform future management decisions and research agendas.

5 Lion Panthera leo Jaguar Panthera onca Tiger Panthera tigris Leopard Panthera pardus

6 Peer-reviewed articles were selected for inclusion based on key word searches in Web of Science. To be included in the review the journal articles had to meet the following criteria: (1) pertain to one or more of the four species being studied (2) address human-wildlife conflict (3) contain at least one of the following key words in the title or key words listed (species name, human, conflict, attack, attitude, coexistence, livestock).

7 Resulting articles were examined for relevancy and 171 publications dating from 1991 to present were coded and included in the review. Identical searches were conducted in Google Scholar to confirm comprehensive coverage. Additional articles (approx. 35) will be added to the Web of Science data.

8 Number of Publications Panthera-human Conflict Literature: Published

9 Top 5 Journals: Biological Conservation: 35 Oryx: 22 Environmental Management: 9 PLOS ONE: 8 Conservation Biology 6

10 Publications by Species Panthera onca (jaguar) Panthera pardus (leopard) Panthera leo (lion) Panthera tigris (tiger) Number of Publications

11

12 Does the article focus on Protected Areas? No 36% Yes 64%

13 Goal* N Percent Assess extent of conflict Quantify impact on animals Quantify impact on humans Document interventions Evaluate interventions Other (primarily biological) *Purpose of research as defined by author(s).

14 Number of Articles Methods Used to Research Human-Panthera Conflict Human Subjects Data: 71 (52.6%) Ecological Data: 46 (34.1%) Hybrid Data: 18 (13.3%) Method

15 Cause of Conflict Indicated or Speculated Cause of Conflict (according to authors) Hunting Roads/Infrastructure Development Human Population Growth Animal Reintroduction Habitat Loss Resource Competition Movement of Prey Species Number of Articles

16 Type of Impact Type of Impact Being Studied Animal Injury of Casualty Impact to Prey Base Impact to Human Livelihood Livestock Loss Human Injury or Casualty Number of Articles

17 Intervention Percent Recommended (n=171) Number Evaluated (n=29) Intervention Percent Recommended (n=171) Percent Evaluated (n=29) Livestock Husbandry 22.2 (38) 12 Technological Monitoring 5.8 (10) 1 Monetary Compensation 19.3 (33) 10 Hunting 2.9 (5) 5 Education 18.1 (31) 4 Relocation of Animal(s) 2.3 (4) 9 Legal Management/ Land Use Local Management 18.1 (31) 2 Dogs 1.8 (3) (23) 4 Use of Deterrents (noise, fire, water, etc) 1.2 (2) 6 Fences 6.4 (11) 10 Relocation of People 0.6 (1) 1

18 Research on human-panthera conflict increasing Geographical gaps exist (e.g. Central America) More research is needed to understand what interventions are attempted and whether they succeed or fail Particular need for social science research on interventions such as education, legal programs, and local/community management.

19 Examine patterns & findings by species Continue coding articles with emphasis on studies evaluating interventions (n = 29) Which interventions work, and why?

20 Contact Information: Lincoln Larson: Katie Krafte: