Wynnum Redlands Budgerigar Society inc

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1 Wynnum Redlands Budgerigar Society inc December 2013 XMAS Newsletter. MERRY CHRISTMAS AND A HAPPY NEW YEAR. The Club s Web Page is : The Newsletter Editor milton.ludlow@gmail.com Wynnum Redlands Budgerigar Society Inc. would like to state, that it s objective in reporting various articles & advice in our Newsletter & communication, both verbal and written, is merely to disseminate information, and not to make recommendations or directives. Wynnum Redlands Budgerigar Society Inc would like to state, that the views expressed therein are not necessarily those of Wynnum Redlands Budgerigar Society Inc

2 Your Committee is as follows: President Trevor Broadbent Ph Vice President Kerri Potts Ph Secretary Kay Ralph Ph Treasurer Bill Sedgwick Ph Ring Steward Bill Sedgwick Ph Show Secretary Pat Sedgwick Ph Show Steward Ian Anderson Ph Frank McGill... Editor Milton Ludlow Ph Caterer Val Scott Ph Social Director Kay Ralph Ph Web Editor Mark Jones Ph Committee Members:- Milton Ludlow, Ray Saunders, Val Scott, Mel & Shane Whell. Minutes of Committee Meeting, Oct. No meeting. Editorial. Hi from your editor. The past month has had its ups and downs, on a sad note:- Vale. It is with depest regret, that we have to inform you of the passing of one of our Junior members, Samantha Jones. Her life was cut short at a very young age. Our condonlances must go to Mark and Belinda Jones and their families. Sam will be sadly missed at club meetings and functions, she was a fantistic lovely youg lady, and we will all miss her. Sick List.Darryl Smith has been on the mend after a few ups and downs, but the news at presant isnt the best, we are thinking of you and if you need help with anything, just ask. Going UP.We are pleased to anounce that Darryl Hoffman has gained the necessary points in Novice to be elevated to intermediate, as of Congratulations. Merit Award Draw. For work and / or support at your club fixtures over the past year. So bring a carry cage, to take home a bird, if you are lucky enough to have your name drawn out. There are over 2000 tickets in this draw. The more you assisted at club events, the more tickets you acquired, therefore the bigger your chance of winning. Rings for 2014.To all members. Just a quick note re rings for balance of 2014 and the current rings (Black) will run through until the end of December rings will run from 1 January 2015 to end December As you may be aware Chapman Rings will supply rings for 2014 but to be sure you are covered it is suggested that you review your ring requirements (coded & uncoded) for 2014 and put in an order as soon as you can if you think you will require extra rings to take you through to the end of 2014

3 In the next few weeks (I am waiting for a costing from ANBC) I will be sending out the order form for 2015 rings. There will not be coded rings in Because of the change of manufacturer you will need to be certain that you order sufficient rings for 12 months. SQBBA will have a stock of rings but my suggestion to you is for your own peace of mind you need to be sure to order enough up front. Bill Sedgwick WRBS ring Steward W.R.B.S. Auction FOR The auction has been transferred to the Sunday 27 th April WHERE. The Assembly Hall Cleveland. To all club members. If you feel that you have budgies that are of a high standard, and you are making a name for yourself on the show bench, and you would like to enter some of your birds and be part of the auction please contact. Trevor Broadbent Why seniors still need newspapers. I was visiting my Granddaughter last night when I asked if I could borrow the newspaper. This is the 21 st century, she said, I don t waste money on newspapers, Here use my i Pad. I can tell you this. That fly never knew what hit him. For Sale. Each monthly meeting members can bring along their birds that you wish to sell, 4 to a cage max. Preferring different colours and types. Not only birds, but second hand items you wish to sell, could be a breeding cabinet or the better half. As long as the item is clearly marked with a price. A table for sale items will be near Marks Sales Table. Milton will organize this. IF Mark sells the same item then don t bring yours along. I was always taught to respect my elders, but it keeps getting harder to find one. CHRISTMAS Trophy Night. Saturday 23 rd Nov. This was a Catered event, and as we stated the club had to cover the cost of all members, even though the club subserised each member for the full cost, the night went off with a bang. Santa [Keith G] entertained the little ones very sucessfully with no tears or terrifying screams. Frank McGill [Rillees granddad] had a birthday bash on top of the night out with his family,a great night for them. He reckons he was only 60, but Ryllee stuck up a couple more fingers. The food wasnt excessive, but the quality and types of different foods offered were extremely mouth watering, the prawns were scrumptious as usual,if you missed out on going, then you missed a very good night.especially the members whom stated they were comming, but didnt arrive, we still had to pay for the absentees. You know who you are, and a big thank you.a telephone call would have been appreciated.

4 Kay doing her swindle rounds. Bill making some importment anouncements. King of the kids, The catering team, just a final check. Part of a scrumptious meal. Eyes tell a story, YUM, YUM. Happy Birthday Frank. Frank with some special G/kids. 2, 4, 6, 8, bog-in, dont wait.

5 Some of our Trophy winners. Champion Young Bird. A Kent. Beginner Table Show Alex. Young Lutino. D. Hoffman. What a great night for around 60 adults and 10 children got together at the Cleveland Show Grounds on Saturday 23 rd November. Great food, Great Company and some give aways as well. Then there were the Trophy winners. CLUB MEETINGS. There will be no Table Show for the January meeting. Gary Menzies will be our lecturer for the January meeting. Topic. Any birds you are unsure of their breeding, or variety, or colour. Bring them along and Gary will put you on the right track. Hopefully. You can bring the youngsters, and their parents which will assist identacation. Dont forget, the draw for the Merrit Award scheme will take place. SQBBA has Budgie seed. Sourced from Riverina Seeds. Mix is 1/3, 1/3, 1/3. This seed will be available to all member at $22 00 per bag. This is probably your last chance at this price, maybe a new price soon. You must ring Bill S. and arrange where to collect your order and pay for it. It is your responsibility to arrange for your collection.

6 UNDERSTANDING RECESSIVE INHERITANCE. By Michael Stuart Christian. The array of expressions displayed in the recessive variety of budgerigars can be ranked as some of the most attractive seen in this fascinating little parakeet. Regrettably, many enthusiasts find a multitude of problems with perpetuating the various recessive manifestations and believe the recessive rules too complex to pursue. However, once the ratio of transmission is recognised for one, and it is understood that the same rule applies to all, enthusiasts begin to appreciate that recessive transmission is a concept they are more than able to deal with. Ratio of Transmission: Enthusiasts who have examined the available literature will have become acquainted with the 25:50:25 ratios, which constitute the basic laws of Mendelian recessive inheritance. For readers not familiar with this law, the concept is relatively straightforward and occupies little space to explain. Recessive x Normal=100% Normals Recessive x Normal/Recessive= 50% Normal/Recessive & 50% Recessive Normal/Recessive x Normal/Recessive= 25% Recessive, 25% Normal, 50% Normal/Recessive Recessive x Recessive= 100% Recessive Number of Varieties: In Budgerigars, six varieties that are carried as recessive genes are recognised in the Australian National Standard. These are: Danish (or harlequin) pieds, clearwings, Greywings, black-eyed clears, Fallows and blues (any variety). Many of the problems enthusiasts have with developing an understanding of the nature of recessive inheritance result from too limited an explanation in the available literature. The majority of writers provide ample information on the ratio of transmission but neglect to discuss the physical means by which these characteristics are perpetuated. This key knowledge is a major failing to the development of a working knowledge of recessive inheritance. The most valuable tools in establishing a sound understanding of the phenomenon are some theoretical background (such as provided in this text), accurate records and experience handled with careful observation. Genetics is a precise science, and what may appear to be the case is not always so, especially where gauging with a small number of results. Recessive Transmission: The genetic composition of your budgerigar is determined at conception. Each parent contributes a sex cell (gamete) that contains a half chromosome complement and, therefore, half the Genetic information necessary to form the "blueprint" to construct a new individual. This new cell is called a zygote. The zygote divides to become an embryo and eventually, the new individual. Chromosomes sort themselves into homologous pairs (chromosomes of identical shape, gene, and loci arrangement and size. Each pair of chromosomes then potentially has two genes for a particular characteristic. Since there are two "instructions" on how the organism is to develop, these two "instructions" need to reconcile to one another. They either work together to build, or they "agree" that one gene s instructions override the other. That is, one gene becomes silent in terms of its instructions. Such a gene is termed recessive.

7 Genes and Characteristics: Each recessive characteristic (colour, feature, etc.) is determined by a specific gene (or genes; however, multiple gene affects are outside the scope of this article and will not be dealt with here). Chromosomes come in pairs and have finite numbers in an organism. These chromosomes are partitioned into sites called loci (singular form: locus). The loci are very important, they are particular to characteristics. A gene not on the correct locus will simply not be expressed (in terms of the given characteristics). This information is fundamental to accepting why there can be no hierarchy of recessive varieties. Chromosome Composition: Since chromosomes come in pairs, they pair specifically. Each chromosome contributed by one parent is paired with another identical chromosome from the other parent. Because they are identical, they share the same gene arrangement and have the same loci for various characteristics. With recessive characteristics, each gene from the expression needs to be matched by another identical gene on the same locus existing on the corresponding chromosome. Recessive varieties realistically do not all occupy the same chromosomes, but for our purpose, it is simpler that they do. To understand Recessiveness, the three features discussed above must be recognised and understood. It is in the genes occupying loci on corresponding chromosomes that the issue of understanding how one recessive variety can be split for another rests. Once this is accepted, it is immediately understood why one recessive variety is unable to dominate another. Genes (How They Work): Genes determine all aspects of the shape and structure of an organism by directing protein synthesis. Colour and markings are the result of this process. Where a gene is recessive, for it to affect protein synthesis, it is necessary for it to be present on the loci for the character on both chromosomes in the pair. Where the corresponding chromosome holds the "wild type" gene on that specific locus, the effect becomes latent (recessive). A gene can also have more than one effect, but, again, that is moving outside the scope of this article. Wild type: The fourth element of genetics is not frequently addressed in avian literature, but it has to be introduced and expanded upon. The "wild type" is the gene on a given focus in its unaltered state. The various colours, varieties and other characteristics that we are accustomed to dealing with in budgerigars (and in other parrots) are the result of a change in the chemical composition of a given wild type gene. They are mutations. This is regardless of whether they are dominant, sex linked or recessive. As already outlined, for a recessive characteristic to be manifest, the gene for it must be present on the appropriate site (locus) of each of the two homologous chromosomes. For example, for clearwing to be expressed, a gene for clearwing must be present on the loci for it on both chromosomes. Where are clearwing genes is accompanied by a wild type, (that is, the gene on that locus that has not been subjected to the type of mutation causing the clearwing effect), the individual will be a split, or more precisely, the clearwing phenotype becomes latent. Hierarchy of Recessiveness: A major impediment to the understanding of recessive transmission is a subscription to a "hierarchy of Recessiveness" on the part of many enthusiasts. Part of this belief may be due to the frequency of certain composite phenotypes. Clearwing-fallow composites are, or at least were in the early 1980s, a relatively common occurrence.

8 Such composites explicitly stated that each clearwing of a pair producing clearwing-fallow composites was split for fallow. Breeders quickly recognised that the clearwing could be split for fallow but, since the opposite did not occur with any frequency, failed to explore why this was so. The frequency of this clearwingfallow phenomenon is a result of the use that breeders put fallow into clearwing production and may be due to the probability that clearwing and fallow are linked--that is, these two varieties do, in fact, share the same chromosome. Consequently, when breeders bred these two varieties (for reasons too numerable to enter into here) as a breeding pair, in many instances the genes crossed over, and the linkage was established. Once a chromosome carried Genes for both varieties, and if the loci for the two varieties are close, they become extremely difficult to separate, and, as already noted, the composite persisted. Exception: Greywing and clearwing appear to be a separate mutation of the same wild type gene, have a very similar composition and share the same locus. As a result, these two recessive expressions, when present in the one individual, combine to produce a composite effect. That composite is typically called a "fullbody-colored Greywing. The fact that the expression is termed a qualified "Greywing" is a matter of semantics; it is not a statement on dominance of one recessive over another. Equally, that the majority of their number typically appear more like a Greywing in no way supports the proposition that one is "dominant" over the other or that one is 'more recessive" than the other. That it appears so is a visual phenomenon. If a full body-coloured Greywing, or more correctly, a clearwing-greywing composite, were paired to a normal (that is, an individual not carrying a gene for either of these two expressions), 50 percent of the offspring would be split clearwing only, and 50 percent would be split Greywing only. Another Example: Very few enthusiasts would dispute that normal blue can be split for recessive varieties--that is, other recessive varieties. The fact of the matter is that blue is the result of a specific gene that functions like all other recessive genes. When we consider composites, blue fallow is just as much a composite as is clearwing-fallow. Why we don't think of blue in this light is simply that we have learned to think of them in separate terms--normal! But this is only the way we think about the expression. In reality, blue is a modification of green, the "normal" colour. Normal is the natural markings unmodified by any gene in any of the three Mendelian categories. So, by extension, when you have a "blue fallow" or a blue any other recessive variety, you have a modifying gene on each of two homologous chromosomes: one gene affecting colour and, equally, another modifying gene on each of two other (or possibly the same) homologous chromosomes affecting markings. Composites: Where two different recessive varieties are mated, the resulting offspring are nearly always normal, split for both - the Greywing/clearwing being the exception. (The term normal is not specific for unmodified phenotype, but purely relative to the two or more recessives in question.)

9 Where expectations will vary is where each of the member pair is carrying some other recessive characteristic not accounted for in the mating. If we continue with the blue and fallow example, you could use a fallow (which is green) to a blue (which is normal). The result would be a normal green split for blue and fallow, not blue-fallow composites as some breeders may assume. If you were to mate two normal greens split for blue and fallow, the resulting offspring ratio would be: 25 percent Green/blue and fallow, 12.5 percent Green Fallow/Blue, 12.5 percent Blue Normal/fallow, 12.5 percent Green Normal/fallow, 12.5 percent Green Normal/Blue, 6.25 percent Green Normal, 6.25 percent Green Fallow, 6.25 percent Normal Blue, and 6.25 percent Fallow- Blue. Glossary: Gametes: Sperm or ova. Linkage: The phenomenon where the loci for different characteristics are close together on the same chromosomes; the closer they are, the greater the degree of linkage. Cross over: A phenomenon where sections of a chromosome cross one another and exchange portions and, in consequence, genes. The more closely Genes are linked, the greater the chances of them being passed together. Recessive Pied budgerigar mutation From Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia The Recessive Pied budgerigar mutation is one of approximately 30 mutations affecting the colour of budgerigars. It is the underlying mutation of the Danish Pied variety, aka Harlequin. It is believed by Inte Onsman of MUTAVI to be the same mutation as the Anti-dimorphic Pied (ADM Pied) found in some parrots. Appearance All pied budgerigars are characterised by having irregular patches of completely clear feathers appearing anywhere in the body, head or wings. Such patches are devoid of the black melanin pigment and show just the ground colour yellow in green-series birds and white in blue-series. The remainder of the body is coloured normally. In the Recessive Pied the clear areas are very extensive and many Recessive Pieds are predominantly clear with quite small irregularly shaped areas of normal pigmentation. Although normally coloured, these areas seem to carry a heightened brilliance which is particularly attractive in the stronger colours such as Cobalt, Violet and Dark Green. As with all pieds, there is a large variation in the position and extent of the variegated patches, but the typical striations are almost always present around the eyes. In general, hens are more heavily marked on the wings than cocks. The eye itself is solid, lacking the white iris ring, and in certain lights a dark reddish plum coloured tint can sometimes be seen, although this is not very obvious. Usually one or several spots are missing, and the cheek patch is usually part violet and part silverygrey giving it a shimmering appearance. The mask is unaffected, but may appear to be extended downwards if it runs into a clear patch on the body.

10 In addition to inhibiting the production of melanin pigment in random areas the Recessive Pied mutation also modifies the distribution of the yellow pigment in green-series birds: the intensity of yellow pigmentation in the leading or outermost edge of the wing primaries is enhanced. As this is the only part of the primaries visible in the folded wing the wings appear much yellower than those of the Lutino, which most clearly shows the normal distribution of the yellow pigment. A similar effect in the wing covert feathers imparts a more uniform yellow colouration to the clear parts of the wing, which in consequence entirely lack the ghost markings visible in the Lutino. The long tail feathers are similarly affected, being a deeper yellow than those of the Lutino. The cere and beak are coloured like the Lutinos. The cere is pale brown in hens and pinkish-grey in cocks. The beak is orange rather than the usual greenish horn colour. The feet are flesh-coloured. Historical notes The details of the origin of the Recessive Pied come entirely from C af Enehjelm, a Finnish fancier who spent much of his time in Denmark. Writing in the Budgerigar Bulletin in 1948, he recalled the events leading to the establishment of the Recessive Pied as follows. The first Recessive Pied budgerigar, a green and yellow cock of unknown pedigree, was seen at a Copenhagen bird show about It was bought by two Danish fanciers, Kai Riis-Hansen and A Reddersen. It was initially housed with Mr Reddersen and paired to a Dilute Skyblue hen, producing four or five chicks all normal Light Green in appearance. These would, of course, all have been split for Recessive Pied, Blue and Dilute. These young were paired among themselves over the following two years and several pieds in green-yellow and blue-white were bred. Three pieds, two green and one blue, together with several splits were then taken to the aviaries of Mr Riis- Hansen, leaving the original cock and some pieds with Mr Reddersen. The stock remaining with Mr Reddersen seems to have died out soon after, leaving Mr Riis-Hansen and a few others (unknown) to build up the strain and see it safely through the war years. After the war, Mr af Enehjelm himself, as well as a few others, obtained stock from Mr Riis-Hansen and the mutation gradually spread, being known as Harlequins at the time. The first Recessive Pieds to be seen in Britain were obtained by Cyril Rogers from Mr af Enehjelm in The mutation is not known to have appeared anywhere else and all Recessive Pieds are descended from that single cock exhibited in Copenhagen. Genetics The Recessive Pied is an autosomal mutation causing recessive changes which inhibit melanin pigmentation in seemingly random areas over the body. The distribution of melanin pigment is not affected at all in the pigmented areas the melanin patterns are exactly the same as the patterns in a Normal budgerigar. The mutation does affect the distribution of the yellow pigment, causing it to appear in some areas which are white or greyish in the Normal. There is no universally accepted genetic symbol for either the locus or mutant allele, so the simple symbol r + for 'recessive' will be adopted here for the wild-type allele at this locus, and the symbol r for the Recessive Pied mutant allele, in keeping with the symbol used by Taylor and Warner and Martin.

11 In its visual effect, the Recessive Pied mutation is recessive to its wildtype allele, so a bird possessing a single Recessive Pied allele (the heterozygote, r + / r) is identical in appearance to the wild-type Light Green. That is, the presence of a single wild-type allele is sufficient to permit the full production and normal distribution of the black melanin pigment. Among the budgerigar fancy such a bird is said to be a Light Green split recessive pied, usually written Light Green/recessive pied. Genotype r + / r + r + / r r / r Phenotype Normal Normal (/recessive pied) Recessive Pied In a bird which has two Recessive Pied alleles, (the homozygote, r / r) the lack of the wild-type allele means that normal black melanin pigment is suppressed in random areas over the body. The factors governing the distribution of the residual pigmentation are not known. Nothing's changed, you can't trust Telstra. Telstra Phone book for anyone contemplating using the Sensis directory service number, 1234, DON'T! Sensis, as you may or may not know, is a subsidiary of Telstra. The 1234 number is replacing the Telstra directory assistance number, but this time with outrageous costs attached: 40c to call the number, then 4c A SECOND! By law, Telstra must provide a FREE directory assistance number. They choose however not to pass this number on to the public The free number is 1223 Thumbs down to Telstra for finding a way to 'charge' for a service that is supposed to be provided for free. Of course, feel free to forward this on. Ben Hardwick Lawyer Commercial Litigation Department Slater & Gordon GPO Box 4864VV Melbourne, Vic, 3001 SAY A PRAYER. Little Johnny and his family were having Sunday dinner at his Grandmother's house. Everyone was seated around the table as the food was being served. When Little Johnny received his plate, he started eating right away. "Johnny! Please wait until we say our prayer." said his mother. "I don't need to," the boy replied. "Of course, you do." his mother insisted. "We always say a prayer before eating at our house." "That's at our house." Johnny explained. "But this is Grandma's house and she knows how to cook!" Son: ' Mom, when I was on the bus with Dad this morning, he told me to give up my seat to a lady.' Mom: 'Well, you have done the right thing.' Son: 'But mom, I was sitting on daddy's lap.' A man is recovering from surgery when the Surgical Nurse appears and asks him how he is feeling. 'I'm O. K. But I didn't like the four letter-words the doctor used in surgery,' he answered. 'What did he say,' asked the nurse. 'Oops!'

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13 WYNNUM REDLANDS BUDGERIGAR SOCIETY INC. Nominations for office bearers for 2014 Nominations must be signed by the proposer, seconder and the person nominated Please have signed forms in the hands of the Secretary by the 29th January 2014 Position Nominee Proposer Seconder Nominee signature Chairman Secretary Vice Pres. Treasurer Show Secretary Ring Steward Show Steward Committee Committee

14 Committee Committee Committee Committee Wife : 'Do you want dinner?' Husband : 'Sure! What are my choices?' Wife : 'Yes or No.' Steve Davies MP State Member for Capalaba P: (07) F: (07) PO Box 523, CAPALABA DC QLD 4157 Shop 60, Capalaba Park Shopping Centre, Capalaba Mt Cotton Rd, Capalaba QLD 4157 We thank Steve, Lachlan and Chloe for the printing of the Newsletter and all other printing, Thanks Wife: 'What are you doing?' Husband: Nothing. Wife: 'Nothing...? You've been reading our marriage certificate for an hour.' Husband: 'I was looking for the expiry date. A wife asked her husband: 'What do you like most in me, my pretty face or my sexy body?' He looked at her from head to toe and replied: 'I like your sense of humor.'