Hemtologicl nd iochemicl chnges following Ivermectin tretment in mnge infested gots Btool Kthem Hee Coll. of Sci. / Univ. of Bghdd emil: tool_ kthem98@yhoo.com (Received 2 June 2014, Accepted 10 August 2014) Astrct The im of the present study ws to descrie the clinicl fetures of mnge nd to evlute the effectiveness of Ivermectin in tretment of ffected gots referring to hemtologicl nd iochemicl spects. For this purposes locl 180 femle gots (does) kept in Frm Animl- College of Veterinry Medicine-Bghdd University were exmined. Their ges were (1-2) yers nd hd men verge weight of (27.50 ± 2.25) kg. Thirty-six gots out of 180 were infested with mnge. Other 36 ws chosen from the herd nd regrded s control group. The infested group received Ivermectin 1% injected y sucutneous route t dose rte of 0.2 mg/kg B.W., in single dose, while the control group received none. Blood smples were collected septiclly vi jugulr vein puncture t zero time, s well s 28 dys post-ivermectin tretment. Results indicted tht the custive gent ws Srcoptis sciei vr cpre with percent of 20% which were noticed on the muzzle, ers, neck, fce, shoulder nd ck. White lood cells (WBCs) were incresed in the untreted gots compred with the treted gots fter 28 dys of the experiment. Red lood cells (RBCs), hemogloin (H) content nd pcked cells volume (PCV) incresed significntly (p< 0.05) t four weeks fter the commencement of tretment. Totl protein, lumin, gloulin, iliruin nd glucose were significntly decresed (p< 0.05) in untreted group compred with tretment nd control groups. In conclusion, the tretment gots were much more ctive nd hd gone ck to feed with the sence of lesion fter 28 dys post-tretment eside retining the hemtologicl nd iochemicl prmeters to nerly norml vlues. Key words: Mnge, Ivermectin, hemtologicl, iochemicl, gots. التغييرات الدمية و الكيموحيوية بعد العالج بعقار االفرمكتين للماعز المصابة بالجرب الخالصة ترىل كاظى حث ة كه ح انؼهىو / جايؼح تغذاد هذفد انذساسح انحان ح انى يؼشفح انؼالياخ انسش ش ح نهجشب ف ان اػض وذأش ش انؼالج تؼماس االفشيكر نهح ىا اخ ان صاتح يغ انرطشق انى ان ؼا ش انذي ح وانك ىح ى ح. اجش د انذساسح ػهى لط غ ا از ي ياػض يحه يكى ي )180( ح ىا ذاتغ انى حمم كه ح انطة انث طشي جايؼح تغذاد. ذشاوحد اػ اس ان اػض ي )2-1( س ه وت ؼذل وص )±25.70 2.27(. تهغ ػذد انح ىا اخ ان صاتح تانجشب )33( ح ىا ي يج ىع )180( ح ىا وذى اخر اس )33( ح ىا ا سه ا ي تال انمط غ ح س ػذخ يج ىػح س طشج. ػىنجد ان ج ىػح ان صاتح تؼماس االفشيكر %1 تجشػح يفشدج )0.2( يه غشاو \ كغى ي وص انجسى ح س حم ذحد انجهذ ت ا نى سرؼ م اي ش ء ن ج ىػح انس طشج. ج ؼد ارج دو ي انىس ذ انىداج ف انىلد ( صفش ) وكزنك ف ىو 28 تؼذ انؼالج. اشاسخ ان رائج انى ا يسثة انجشب كا ي ىع sciei( )Srcoptis وت سثح % 20 ح س نىحع ػهى ي اطك ان خطى واالرا وانشلثح وانىجه وانكرف وانظهش. اظهشخ كش اخ انذو انث ض ص ادج ف ان ج ىػح ان صاتح لثم ػالجها تان ماس ح يغ ان ىو )28( تؼذ انؼالج. ايا كش اخ انذو انح ش وخضاب انذو وحجى كش اخ انذو ان ضغىطح فمذ سجهد اخرالفا احصائ ا يؼ ى ا ت سثح (0.05 >p) ح س ا خفضد ف انح ىا اخ لثم انؼالج وػاودخ االسذفاع نغا ح ان ىو 28 تؼذ انؼالج. كزنك سجهد فس ان شاهذاخ تان سثح نهثشوذ انكه و 69
االنثىي وانكهىته وانثه شوت وانسكش. سر رج ي ا سثك أ انح ىا اخ ان ؼانجح ػاودخ شاطها وذ اونها انؼهف تصىسج طث ؼ ح يغ اخرفاء انجشب تؼذ )28( ىيا ك ا ا ان ؼا ش انذي ح وانك ىح ى ح ػاودخ انى انم ى ان ماستح نهطث ؼ ح. الكلمات المفتاحية: الجرب, االفرمكتين, المعايير الدميه, الكيموحيوية, الماعز. Introduction Mnge is contgious skin disese, during n outrek of mnge in gots in June ffecting domestic nd wild nimls cusing 2013. skin dmge chrcterized y mrked 2. Smpling nd prsitologicl hyperkertosis with lesions usully strting exmintion: on the hed nd neck lso cuse weight loss, For dignosis of mnge type, smples were irrittion nd deth in severe cses (1). collected y clipping the hir, scrping the Mnge is cused y different types of mites ctive lesion of the mnge with sclpel until which tunnel within the skin of infested lood oozing ws seen. The smples were nimls to suck lood, lymph, cuse sores, collected in sterile Petridishes. Then the scs nd predispose the niml to infection scrped mteril were immeditely processed which spreds quickly without proper in the veterinry lortory ccording to (9) tretment nd prevention (2, 3). The disese in which, few drops of 10% potssium is more in young, stressed, mlnourished, hydroxide ws dded to the smple nd immuno-compromised gots thn dults nd llowed to stnd for 30 minutes. A drop of cn e rpidly trnsmitted through direct the sediment on slide with cover slip ws contct with crrier nimls nd exmined under the microscope for the overcrowding nimls in pens (4, 5). Gots presence of mites. The otined species of prticulrly re infested y 4 types of mites mites were identified morphologiclly. ech morphologiclly distinct from the other 3. Animls: however, with overlpping clinicl A herd of 180 locl reed gots. Thirty-six presenttions (6). Dignosis cn e mde gots were infested with mnge. The nimls tenttively y the clinicl signs nd were ged etween (1-2) yers (ll femles). definitively on the demonstrtion of the They hd men verge weight of 27.50 ± infesting mite in skin scrpings (7). 2.25kg. Animls grzed under nturl Ivermectin is rod spectrum nthelmintic conditions nd fed concentrte. nd hs een reported to hve ctivity nd 4. Experimentl design: excellent potency ginst mny immture The gots were rndomly llocted into two nd mture nemtode, rthropod nd ecto- groups s follow: prsites, such s Srcoptic, Psoroptes A. The first group (tretment group): this mnge of ruminnt, horses s well s dogs. group consisted 36 infested gots which were Becuse of its potent nti-prsitic ctivity, received Ivermectin (Ivomec 1% Germny) therpeutic sucutneous dosge of injected sucutneously in (single dose) in Ivermectin is low (0.2 mg/kg) in most niml hirless re t dose rte of 0.2mg/kg ody species. Higher dosges produce CNS weight. depression, listlessness, txi nd B. The second group, 36 pprently helthy recumency in nimls (8). This study is gots ws chosen from the remining 144 ssigned to descrie the occurrence, the gots. This group serve s control group (no clinicl fetures of mnge nd their effect on ny tretment ws used). lood nd iochemicl prmeters nd to Blood smples were collected under septic evlute the role of Ivermectin tretment of condition through the jugulr ven-puncture mnge in gots. for oth hemtologic nd serum iochemicl evlution. Collection ws mde t the onset Mterils nd methods of the study nd then four weeks post- 1. Loction of study re: Ivermictin therpy. Ten milliliters of lood The reserch ws conducted t the Teching ws drwn nd plced in two sterile test nd Reserch Frm of College of Veterinry tues (5ml of ech). The first tue contining Medicine-Bghdd University (in Aogr) EDTA for hemtologicl evlution which 70
Prmeters Prmeters AL-Qdisiy Journl of Vet. Med. Sci. Vol. 14 No. 1 2015 included white lood cells count (WBCs), red lood cells count (RBCs), hemogloin (H) nd pcked cells volume (PCV). In contrst the second tue without EDTA which ws sujected to centrifugtion t 3000 rpm for five minute to seprted lood from serum which kept immeditely in refrigertor t 4C o for the iochemicl prmeters which included the totl protein, lumin, gloulin, iliruin nd glucose (10). Dt nlysis: All the vlues were expressed s men (M) ± stndrd error (SE). The hemtologicl nd serum iochemicl vlues were evluted independently y using generl liner models of nlysis of vrince (ANOVA). The proility p-vlue <0.05 ws considered significnt (11). Results The results clered tht out of 180 inspected gots, 36 (20%) were found to e infested with mnge. Clinicl signs ssocited with mite infesttion reveled inppetnce, lopeci, pruritus with mrked crusting of the skin. Severely ffected nimls were often in poor ody condition due to reduced feed intke. Lortory exmintion of skin scrping reflected tht the ectoprsite identified on the gots ws Srcoptes sciei vr cpre (fig. 1). Of 36 gots with lesions t the time of tretment, 12 were clssified s medium infesttion while 19 gots showed extensive lesion. In the remining 5 gots the lesions covered most of the niml's ody. The gross lesions were chrcterized y pruritus, dermtitis, kertiniztion, thickening of the skin, exudtion nd loss of hir nd some were leed. The results of the physicl oservtion of the conditions of the experimentl nimls showed tht the eyes, muzzle, ers, neck, fce, shoulder nd ck were the re s most frequently ffected (Fig. 2, nd c). Mny of these nimls were wek nd emcited. After 28 dys of tretment with Ivermectin, the skin infested with mnge grdully regined integrity. The generl condition of ll gots hd mrkedly improved with new hir growth nd ovious weight gins. Complete recovery ws chieved y ll gots. Lortory exmintions of skin scrpings fter tht time were negtive for Srcoptes sciei. The results of the hemtologicl prmeters of the infested nimls t the onset of the infection s well s 4 weeks post tretment re presented in tles (1). White lood cells (WBCs) prior to tretment ws incresed significntly (p< 0.05) nd reched (12000.20 ± 1.03) then declined in the tretment gots (9000.50 ± 0.80) t the end of the experiment which resemle the norml vlue. Red lood cells (RBCs) counts were (4.20±0.25) in infested gots nd reched (5.35± 0.12) in tretment gots. Hemogloin (H) content in infested gots were (7.50 ± 0.33) nd reched (10.15 ± 0.18) in tretment gots. This mens tht oth RBCs nd H were incresed significntly (p<0.05) in gots, 4 weeks fter Tle 1: Hemtologicl vlues of infested gots prior to nd 4 weeks post Ivermectin tretment (Men ± SE). Tle 2: Serum iochemicl vlues of infested gots prior to nd 4 weeks post Ivermectin tretment. Infested group Control group Infested group Control group WBCs (10 3 / µl) RBCs (X10 6 / µl) pretretment post tretment 12.20 ± 1.03 9.50± 0.80 4.20±0.25 5.35± 0.12 H (g/dl) 7.50 ± 0.33 10.15 ± 0.18 8.80 ±0.75 5.60±0.50 12.06 ± 00.26 35.50 ± 02.10 PCV (%) 24.20± 1.36 32.00 ± 3.80 Men with different superscripts etween columns refer to significnt (p<0.05). 71 Totl protein (g/dl) Alumin (g/dl) Gloulin (g/dl) Biliruin (mg/dl) Glucose (mg/dl) pretretment 5.53 ± 00.25 post tretment 7.75 ± 00.32 8.20 ± 00.57 2.75 ± 00.15 3.50 ± 00.18 3.80 ±00.30 3.10 ± 01.70 3.85 ± 01.15 4.15 ± 00.50 0.85 ± 00.15 0.92 ± 00.29 1.10 ± 00.00 32.50 ± 0.75 37.01± 0.53 40.20± 0.12 Men with different superscripts etween columns refer to significnt (p<0.05).
the commencement of tretment compred with tht efore tretment. Pcked cells volume (PCV) incresed (p<0.05) following tretment of gots (32.00 ± 3.80) compred with vlues otined prior to tretment of infested gots (24.20 ± 1.36). Dt fixed in tle (2) reflected the serum iochemicl Discussion Results of the present study reveled tht Srcoptic sciei vr cpre is the most common identified mite species isolted from ll infested gots. Our findings gree with those (12) in Irqi gots nd (13), who recorded tht sheep nd gots re infested with Srcoptes nd Psoroptes mites only. Also is in cceptnce with the findings reported y (14) in Indi in humn nd nimls lso with (15) in sheep in Irn. During this field study, gots with Srcoptic mnge received single dose of Ivermectin which resulted in mrked regression of the lesions nd protected the nimls from this prmeters. Totl protein, lumin, gloulin, Biliruin nd glucose were found to e significntly different (p<0.05) efore nd fter tretment with Ivermectin. There were lck of significntly (p>0.05) when compring vlues of the tretment group with the control group. well s the difference in temperture etween these res lso y herd mngement. The finl WBCs counts in the untreted gots re higher when compred with the treted gots nd this tends to gree with the reports of (21) in sheep, who found tht prsitic infesttion usully ssocite with incresed numer of eosinophils. The decresed in the levels of WBCs in treted gots reflect the reduction of mnge. Higher immune responses fter Ivermectin tretment my e relted to mssive relese of ntigen due to deth of prsite, lthough the type of immune chnges seems to depend on the type of prsite nd the host species (22). In our study the tretment group hd etter responses to feeding nd ody weight possily due to the effect of Ivermectin which rised their immunity nd this gree with (23). The RBCs, H nd PCV counts showed significnt (p< 0.05) differences in infested got prior to nd post Ivermectin injection. Similr findings otined for West Africn Dwrf Gots (16). The vlues of PCV otined from our study shows the dverse effects of mnge on the untreted gots nd the positive effect of Ivermectin on gots which resulted in increse the PCV nd diminishing the lesion in the dy28 fter tretment. In reserch in Bldi gots (24) showed tht PCV vries from reed to reed nd proportiontely with serum totl protein nd this suggests tht PCV is eneficil in ssessing the protein sttus. The lower level of RBCs coupled with low H vlues for untreted gots my ttriute to decrese food intke nd nemi cused y prsitic infesttion. Similr finding noticed y (25) who referred tht RBCs re responsile for crrying oxygen to the ody s tissue, nd fewer RBCs in the ody results in nemi. The totl serum protein, lumin, gloulin, disese. All post-tretment skin scrpings re negtive for mnge mites for ten months following tretment. The uthors (16) explined tht the tretment with Ivermerctin effectively rid the skin of the infested gots with mnge nd therey relieving the treted gots from the dverse effects of the mites especilly on the lood. Ivermectin hs mjor dvnce in the tretment nd control of mnge. Advntges over conventionl tretment nd control procedures include ese of dministrtion, only one tretment is required nd tretment is not restricted y sesonl or wether conditions (17).The importnt clinicl signs of the gots infested with mite in the present study included itching nd loss of hir nd this gree with (18) in pigs nd (19) in sheep, whom clrified tht the cuses of intense irrittion nd itching is toxins secreted from prsite led to sensitiztion of nimls. The overll percent of infesttion in this study with mnge mites in gots is 20%. This prevlence is less to wht is reported 30% y (20) in cttle. Prevlence index etween 11 nd 33% re reported in Nigeri (10) in Red Sokoto Gots nd (3) in Ethiopi in smll ruminnt. These differences might e relted to the difference in the species of nimls s iliruin nd glucose re significntly 72
lowered in infested gots which suggested poor nutritionl sttus. While vlues of these prmeters incresed t dy 28 fter tretment nd control groups due to improvement of food consumption. This findings re in greement with findings of (26) in sheep nd (27) in cprine. In conclusion, dministrtion of single dose of Ivermectin cn e erdicted mnge in infested gots which regined feeding nd helth fter 28 dys post-tretment eside tht the hemtologicl nd iochemicl prmeters retrined to its nerly norml vlues. References 1-Bekele J, Triku M, Aee R (2011) Externl prsites infesttion in smll ruminnts in Wolmer district of oromiy region, centrl Ethiopi. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 10 (4):518 523. 2-Chnie M, Negsh T, Sirk, A (2010) Ectoprsites re the mjor cuses of vrious types of skin lesions in smll ruminnts in Ethiopi. Trop. Anim. Helth Produc., 42:1103 1109. 3-Sheferw D, Degefu H, Bnteyirgu D (2010) Epidemiologicl study of smll ruminnt mnge mites in three gro-ecologicl zones of Wolit, Southern Ethiopi. Ethiopi Vet. J., 14(1): 31-38. 4-Hssnien O E (1994) Control of skin prsites mong sheep flocks. M.Sc. Thesis in Vet. Hygiene. Fculty of Vet. Med., Zgzig Univ. 5-Nidu M M, Ro D V (1999) Clinicl nd hemtologicl oservtions in gots with Srcoptic mnge. Indin Vet. J., 76:730-732. 6-Zeryehun T, Tdesse M (2012) Prevlence of mnge mite on smll ruminnts t Nekemte Veterinry Clinic, Est wolleg zone, North west Ethiopi. Middle Est J. of scientific Res., 11(10): 1411 1416. 7-Hfeez U A, Sindhu Z, Iql Z, Jr A, Tswr Z (2007) Prevlence of Sheep Mnge in (Pkistn) nd Associted Hemtologicl/ Biochemicl Disturnces. Inter. J. of Agricu. nd Biology, 9 (6):917-920. 8-Adou Kh A, Shrkwy A A (2004) Some toxicologicl studies on Ivermectin in gots. Proceeding of the 20 Annul meeting of the Egyptin Society of toxicology. Ferury 18 19, Biliothec Alexndri. 9-Soldoye A O (2003) Hemtologicl nd iochemicl prmeters of West Africn Dwrf Gots. Dept. of Anim. Produc, University of Ilorin, Nigeri, Pp:1-9. 10-Tmuwl F M, Agle B M, Bngn A (2002) Hemtologicl nd iochemicl vlues of pprently helthy Red Sokoto gots. Proceedings of 27 th. Ann. Conference. Nigerin Society of Anim. Produc. (NSAP), Nigeri, Pp: 50-53. 11-Steel R G O, Torrie J H (1980) Principles nd Procedures of Sttistics. A Biometricl pproch. 2 nd (Ed). McGrw-Hill. New York, USA., P: 633. 12-Ahmed W A, Al-Azwi A K, Kdhim F S, Rsool H S (2009) Study of the Mnge in Mountin Gots In Irq. Al- Anr J. Vet. Sci., 2 (1): 20-24. 13-Asghr A, Hssnien O, Alsdi A, Fed H, Fthi S (2011) Prevlence of Scies dignosed in sheep nd gots during Hjj seson in Mkh. J. of Agricu. nd Vet. Sci. Qssim Univ., 4 (1): 37-43. 14-Mitr M, Mhnt S K, Sen S, Ghosh C, Hti A K (1993) Srcoptes Sciei in nimls spreding to mn. Trop Geogr Med; 45(3):142-3. 15. Rhri S, Nin S, Bhonr A R (2009) Some oservtions on sheep Srcoptic mnge in Tehrn province, Irn. Trop. Anim. Helth Produc., 41(3):397-401. 16-Akoms S C, Oijuru O C, Herert U (2011) Hemtologic nd serologic chnges following Ivermectin tretment in mnge infested west Africn dwrf gots. Adv. Enviro. Biology, 5(9): 2557-2560. 17-Cozm V, Suteu E, Chermn C, Losson B ( 2010 ) Therpy with Ivermectine nd dizinon of Psoroptic mnge in sheep from Trnsylvni. Romni Sci. prsitology, 11 (2):105-107. 18-Dvies P R, Moore M J, Pointon A M (1991) Srcoptic mites hypersensitivity nd skin lesion in slughtered pigs. Vet. Rec., 129:520-523. 19-Al nimi O A, Al-drni B A ( 2010) Dignosis of Psoroptic mnge in Sheep y modified ELISA test. J. of Anim. nd Vet. Adv., 9 (13): 1880-1884. 20-Cozm V E, Ngre O, Chermn C, Sndru D (1999) Tretment of ovine Srcoptic mnge. Comprtive efficiency Ivermectin nd dormectine in mnge nd myisis of livestock. Univ. of Cluj, Romonin, Pp:51-53. 21-Chineme G N, Bid S A, Nuru S (1979) Srcoptic mnge of sheep in Kdun Stte, Nigeri. Bull. Anim. Helth Prod. Afr., 27: 41-45. 22-Cooper P J, Schwrtz L B, Irni A M, Awdzi K, Guderin R H, Nutmn T B (2002) Assocition of trnsient derml mstoicytosis nd elevted plsm tryptse levels with development of dverse rections fter tretment of onchocercisis with Ivermectin. J. Infect. Dis., 186: 1307-1313. 23-Kuhn C, Lucius R, Mtthes H F, Meusel G, Reich B, Klinn B H (2008) Chrcteriztion of recominnt immunorective ntigens of the sc mite Srcoptes sciei. Vet. Prsitology, 153(3-4):329-37. 24-Az M E, Adel-Mksourd H A (1999) Chnges in some hemtologicl nd iochemicl prmeters during pre-prtum nd post-prtum periods in femle Bldi gots. Smll Ruminnt Res., 34: 77-85. 25-Adejinmi J O, Sdiq N A, Fshnu S O, Lsisi O T, Ekundyo S (2004) Studies on lood prsites 73
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