KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ABOUT ANTIBIOTIC USE AMONG THE GENERAL PUBLIC IN MALAYSIA
|
|
- Teresa Blankenship
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES ABOUT ANTIBIOTIC USE AMONG THE GENERAL PUBLIC IN MALAYSIA Frid Islhudin, Aly Mdihh Ahmd Tmezi nd Norid Mohmed Shh Fculty of Phrmcy, Universiti Kebngsn Mlysi, Kul Lumpur, Mlysi Abstrct. Antibiotic resistnce is mjor problem globlly. Awreness of the impct nd significnce of ntibiotic resistnce is first step in hindering its progression. We conducted this survey to evlute knowledge, ttitudes nd prctices regrding ntibiotic use in Mlysi. A totl of 373 respondents were surveyed, 219 (58.1%) were femle nd 312 (83%) were Mly ethnicity. Eighty-four point two percent (314) hd used ntibiotics more thn once (>1) during the previous yer. We found respondents who were less likely to tke ntibiotics ( 1) during the previous yer were more likely to gree tht ntibiotic resistnce ws serious public helth issue compred to those tht took ntibiotic more thn once during the previous yer (p<0.0001). A significntly greter number of ptients (67.2%) who took ntibiotics more thn once during the previous yer did not complete the full course thn those who took ntibiotics no more thn once (55.9%) during the previous yer (p<0.01). We found the frequency of ntibiotic use ws relted to knowledge bout ntibiotics mong the study popultion. It is essentil to develop eductionl interventions to correct the misuse nd misunderstnding of ntibiotics. Keywords: ntibiotics, knowledge, ttitude, prctices, generl public, Mlysi INTRODUCTION Antibiotic resistnce is globl issue (Morgn et l, 2011). Infectious diseses cused by resistnt bcteri re often difficult to tret nd my led to greter morbidity nd mortlity mong ptients (Ntgiopoulos et l, 2007). A mjor cuse of ntibiotic resistnce is inpproprite use of ntibiotics, which commonly occurs due to lck of prudent ntibiotic use nd the ese t which medicine cn be Correspondence: Frid Islhudin, Fculty of Phrmcy, Universiti Kebngsn Mlysi, Jln Rj Mud Abdul Aziz, Kul Lumpur, Mlysi. Tel: E-mil: fridislhudin@yhoo.com obtined by ptients without prescription (McNulty et l, 2007). There is lso n incresing trend in tking ntibiotics for virl indictions, such s the common cold (Srdmm et l, 2000). This inpproprite behvior hd consequences, one is using n ntimicrobil without perceived benefit (Morgn et l, 2011). The lck of new clss of ntibiotics within the pst decde hs lso contributed to the high risk for resistnt strins (Chn et l, 2012). The lck of knowledge regrding ntibiotic use mong the public could led to inpproprite ntibiotic use nd ultimtely ntibiotic resistnce (Chn et l, 2012). One study found the public took ntibiotics without knowing the exct indiction for tretment (Chn et l, 2012) Vol 45 No. 6 November 2014
2 Antibiotic Knowledge, Attitudes nd Prctices in Mlysi The public tend not to finish course of ntibiotics becuse they were unwre of the importnce of finishing course of ntibiotics (Duong et l, 1997). The impct of the knowledge, ttitudes nd prctices of the generl public on ntibiotic use is importnt to prevent misuse of ntibiotics nd ntibiotic resistnce (Chn et l, 2012). Eduction cn improve understnding of ntibiotic use mong the public to potentilly reduce resistnce (Morgn et l, 2011). An understnding of the current knowledge, ttitudes nd prctices of the public in regrd to ntibiotic use is importnt to inform intervention development plns. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study design This study ws performed s cross sectionl, prospective study. Respondents were recruited conveniently mong the generl public in Kuntn nd Kul Lumpur, Mlysi. Volunteers from shopping mlls round the Kuntn nd Kul Lumpur re were recruited with informed consent. Inclusion criteri for the study were: 18 yers, bility to red nd understnd both English nd Mly, nd understnding the term ntibiotic. Respondents unble to complete the questionnire were excluded. The dt were collected from August 2013 to November Ethicl pprovl ws obtined from the Ntionl University Hospitl Ethics Committee (UKM /244/NF ). Demogrphic dt Gender, rce, dte of birth, ge nd level of eduction were collected for ech ptient using stndrdized form. Ech respondent ws sked to nswer questions regrding frequency of ntibiotic use. The frequency of ntibiotic use ws ctegorized into two groups: those hving used ntibiotics no more thn once during the previous yer ( 1), nd those who used ntibiotics more thn once (>1) during the previous yer. Knowledge, ttitudes nd prctices questionnire The knowledge, ttitudes nd prctices regrding ntibiotic use were collected using questionnire (Khn et l, 2013). The knowledge, ttitudes nd prctices questions re found in Tbles 1-6. Dt nlyses All nlysis ws performed using the sttisticl pckge SPSS version 17.0 (IBM; Armonk, NY). Descriptive sttistics, such s mens, stndrd devitions nd frequencies were used to nlyze continuous nd ctegoricl dt, such s respondent demogrphic fctors nd their knowledge level. A chi-squre test ws used to mke comprisons nd evlute possible ssocitions regrding their knowledge, ttitudes nd prctices. RESULTS Demogrphics A totl of 373 subjects were included in the study. The mjority of the respondents were femle (n=219, 58.1%), ged 21 to 60 yers old. Most of the subjects were Mly (n=224, 78.9 %), followed by Indins (n=30, 7.9%), Chinese (n=25, 6.7%) nd other rces (n=9, 2.4%). A mjority of subjects were non-professionls (n=167, 44.8%) or unemployed (n=156, 41.8%). A totl of 299 subjects (79.3%) hd tertiry eduction. Most of the subjects (n=314, 84.2%) hd tken ntibiotics more thn once during the previous yer. Knowledge bout ntibiotics The knowledge section evluted two key res: ntibiotic use nd ntibiotic resistnce (Tble 1). Most subjects Vol 45 No. 6 November
3 Tble 1 Knowledge bout ntibiotics (N=373). Knowledge sttements True (n) Flse (n) p-vlue Indiscriminte use of ntibiotics cn led to: Ineffective tretment Incresed dverse effects Excerbtion or prolongtion of illness Emergence of bcteril resistnce Additionl cost to the ptient If tken too often, ntibiotics re less likely to work in the future Bcteri re germs tht cuse the common cold nd flu Agree Uncertin Disgree p-vlue (n) (n) (n) Antibiotic resistnce is n importnt public helth issue: Fcing the world In our country In our hospitl were wre tht inpproprite ntibiotic use hd hrmful effects (Tble 1). Most subjects found ntibiotic resistnce ws problem (Tble 1). No significnt ssocition ws seen between the frequency of ntibiotic use nd knowledge bout ntibiotics nd between the frequency of ntibiotic use during the previous yer nd knowledge bout ntibiotic resistnce (Tble 2). Subjects who took ntibiotics 1 time during the previous yer were more likely to gree tht ntibiotic resistnce ws serious public helth problem (Tble 2). Attitudes bout ntibiotic use Attitudes bout ntibiotic use vried mong subjects (Tble 3). In the ttitudes section, subjects were sked bout ntibiotic use, resistnce nd sfety. The mjority of subjects believed fever nd colds should be treted with ntibiotics (Tble 3). The mjority of subjects were uncertin if tking n ntibiotic could contribute to ntibiotic resistnce. A significntly lrge number of subjects were uncertin if ntibiotics were sfe or not. No ssocition ws seen between ttitudes bout ntibiotic use nd the frequency of ntibiotic use (Tble 4). Prctices regrding ntibiotic use Prctices regrding ntibiotic use vried (Tble 5). Mny subjects stted tht they stopped tking ntibiotics once they felt better, prior to finishing the course. Mny subjects seldom finished the complete ntibiotic course. Most subjects did not give their remining unused ntibiotics to others or sved their ntibiotics for future use once they felt better. Most subjects consulted doctor before strting ntibiotics nd checked expiry dtes prior to using ntibiotics (Tble 5). Subjects who took 1 courses of ntibiotics during the previous yer were significntly more likely to finish the course of ntibiotics (Tble 6) Vol 45 No. 6 November 2014
4 Antibiotic Knowledge, Attitudes nd Prctices in Mlysi Tble 2 Antibiotic knowledge nd frequency of ntibiotic use (N=373). Knowledge sttements True (n) Flse (n) p-vlue Indiscriminte use of ntibiotics cn led to : Ineffective tretment > Incresed dverse effects > Excerbtion or prolongtion of illness > Emergence of bcteril resistnce > Additionl cost to the ptient > If tken too often, ntibiotics re less likely to work in the future > Bcteri re germs tht cuse the common cold nd flu > Agree Uncertin Disgree p-vlue (n) (n) (n) Antibiotic resistnce is n importnt nd serious public helth issue: Fcing the world > In our country > In our hospitl > = took ntibiotics no more thn once during the previous yer. >1 = took ntibiotics more thn once during the previous yer. DISCUSSION Antibiotic use by the generl public is common prctice worldwide (Krds et l, 2005). Antibiotics esily vilble to the generl public cn contribute to ntibiotic resistnce (Pomoni, 2010). With the rise in ntibiotic resistnce over the pst decde (Ntgiopoulos et l, 2007), methods to curb inpproprite ntibiotic use need to Vol 45 No. 6 November
5 Tble 3 Attitude bout ntibiotic use. Attitude sttements Agree Uncertin Disgree p-vlue When I hve cold, I should tke ntibiotics to prevent getting more serious illness. When I get fever, ntibiotics help me to get better more quickly. When I tke ntibiotics, I contribute to the development of ntibiotic resistnce. Skipping one or two doses of ntibiotics does not contribute to the development of resistnce. Antibiotics re sfe nd cn be used commonly be improved. In our study lrge number of subjects stted they took ntibiotics more thn once during the previous yer. This finding is similr to nother study (Krds et l, 2005), nd demonstrtes the need to better understnd the resons for injudicious use of ntibiotics mong the generl public. Interestingly, knowledge bout ntibiotic use mong the subjects in our study ws good, with pproximtely 80% of respondents stting indiscriminte use of ntibiotics could led to poor outcomes. Our results re similr to previous study from Mlysi who found 76% of respondents t n outptient phrmcy were ble to correctly identify the proper use of ntibiotics (Oh et l, 2011). In study from Jordn the respondents were lso wre of the problems cused by misusing ntibiotics (Shehdeh et l, 2012). Despite understnding tht misuse of ntibiotics could led to ntibiotic resistnce, dverse rections nd increse the economic burden on the ntionl helth system (Gyssen 2001), mny respondents in our study took ntibiotics more thn once during the previous yer. In our study, n ssocition ws observed between the frequency of ntibiotic use nd knowledge bout ntibiotic resistnce. Respondents were less likely to hve tken ntibiotics during the previous yer if they were wre of the problem of resistnce, similr to other studies (Eng et l, 2003; Shehdeh et l, 2012). This demonstrtes the impct of knowledge bout ntibiotic resistnce on preventing injudicious use of ntibiotics. Further studies of the effect of ptient eduction bout correct ntibiotic use on ntibiotic resistnce need to be conducted. Approximtely hlf of our study subjects greed tht ntibiotics my be used to tret common cold nd fever. Public ttitudes bout ntibiotic use ply n importnt role in tretment outcomes (Oh et l, 2011). A csul ttitude bout ntibiotic use cn led to incresed risk of ntibiotic resistnce (Chn et l, 2012). In our study, firly lrge number of subjects were uncertin bout wht ttitudes were ssocited with ntibiotic resistnce. This finding ws lso reported by previous study (Oh et l, 2011). The poor understnding of the importnce of completing the full course of ntibiotics seen in our study ws seen in 1478 Vol 45 No. 6 November 2014
6 Antibiotic Knowledge, Attitudes nd Prctices in Mlysi Tble 4 Assocition between ttitudes bout ntibiotic use nd frequency of ntibiotic use. Attitude sttements Agree Uncertin Disgree p-vlue When I hve cold, I should tke ntibiotics to prevent getting more serious illness > When I get fever, ntibiotics help me to get better more quickly > When I tke ntibiotics, I contribute to the development of ntibiotic resistnce > Skipping one or two doses of ntibiotics does not contribute to the development of resistnce > Antibiotics re sfe nd cn be used commonly > = took ntibiotics no more thn once the previous yer. >1 = took ntibiotics more thn once the previous yer. Tble 5 Prctices regrding ntibiotic use. Prctice sttements Alwys Sometimes Seldom p-vlue /never The doctor prescribes course of ntibiotic for you. After tking 2-3 doses you strt feeling better. Do you stop tking the ntibiotics? Do you sve the remining ntibiotics for the next time you get sick? Do you discrd the remining ntibiotics? Do you give the leftover ntibiotics to someone else who is sick? Do you complete the full course of ntibiotics? < Do you consult doctor before strting ntibiotics? Do you check the expiry dte of the ntibiotic before using it? Do you prefer to tke ntibiotics when you hve < cough or sore throt? Vol 45 No. 6 November
7 Tble 6 Prctices regrding ntibiotic use by frequency of ntibiotic use. Prctice sttements Alwys Sometimes Seldom p-vlue /never The doctor prescribes course of ntibiotic for you. After tking 2-3 doses you strt feeling better. Do you stop tking the ntibiotics? > Do you sve the remining ntibiotics for the next time you get sick? > Do you discrd the remining ntibiotics? > Do you give the leftover ntibiotics to someone else who is sick? > Do you complete the full course of ntibiotics? <0.01 > Do you consult doctor before strting ntibiotics? > Do you check the expiry dte of the ntibiotic before using it? > Do you prefer to tke ntibiotics when you hve cough or sore throt? > = took ntibiotics no more thn once the previous yer. >1 = took ntibiotics more thn once the previous yer. similr study (Shehdeh et l, 2012). Only 55% of the subjects in our study consulted doctor prior to tking ntibiotics. This demonstrtes the ese which ntibiotics cn be obtined by the generl public in Mlysi. Other studies hve lso found purchsing ntibiotics without prescription is common prctice (Llor et l, 2009). Directly purchsing ntibiotics my hve been done to void the cost of consulting doctor (Dmeh et l, 2012). Seventy percent of those who used ntibiotics more thn once during the previous yer in our study filed to complete the course of ntibiotics; this cn led to insufficient erdiction of the infection (McNulty et l, 2007). Fctors such s feeling better fter few dys of tretment or believing the ntibiotics were not working re common resons for not completing 1480 Vol 45 No. 6 November 2014
8 Antibiotic Knowledge, Attitudes nd Prctices in Mlysi tretment (McNulty et l, 2007). Filing to complete the course of tretment could be reson why ntibiotics were used more thn once during the previous yer in our study. The lck of knowledge bout correct ntibiotic use in our studied popultion poses problem. The ssocition between frequent use of ntibiotics nd lck of knowledge nd poor prctices demonstrtes lck of knowledge bout correct use of ntibiotics in the study popultion. There were some limittions with our study. The ccurcy of the survey depends on the honesty of the subjects. The subjects were chosen by convenience smpling, thus the results re subject to bis nd cnnot be pplied to other popultions. Our results suggest eduction progrms for the public regrding correct ntibiotic use need to be developed to reduce the risk of ntibiotic resistnce. Eductionl interventions for prctitioners nd the generl public cn significntly improve knowledge regrding ntibiotic indictions nd resistnce (Trepk et l, 2001). This study provides vluble informtion bout the knowledge regrding correct ntibiotic use in the studied popultion. REFERENCES Chn YH, Mndy M, Fok CM, et l. Antibiotic nondherence nd knowledge in community with the world s leding prevlence of ntibiotics resistnce: Implictions for public helth intervention. Am J Infect Control 2012; 40: Dmeh M, Norris P, Green J. New Zelnd phrmcists experiences, prctices nd views regrding ntibiotic use without prescription. J Prim Helth Cre 2012; 4: Duong DV, Binns CW, Le TV. Avilbility of ntibiotics s over-the counter drugs in phrmcies: thret to public helth in Vietnm. Trop Med Int Helth 1997; 2: Eng JV, Mrcus R, Hdler JL, et l. Consumer ttitudes nd use of ntibiotics. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9: Gyssens IC. Qulity mesures of ntimicrobil drug use. Int J Antimicrobil Agents 2001; 17: Krds P, Devine S, Golembesky A, Roberts C. A systemic review nd met nlysis of misuse of ntibiotic therpies in the community. Int J Antimicrobil Agents 2005; Khn A, Bnu G, Reshm K. Antibiotic resistnce nd usge: A survey on the knowledge, ttitude, perceptions nd prctices mong the medicl students of southern Indin teching hospitl. J Clin Dign Res 2013; 7: Llor C, Sierr N, Hernndez S, et l. The higher the number of dily doses of ntibiotic tretment in lower respirtory trct infection the worse the complince. J Antimicrobil Chemother 2009; 63: McNulty CA, Boyle P, Nichols T, Clppison P, Dvey P. Don t wer me out: The public s knowledge of nd ttitudes to ntibiotics use. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 59: Morgn DJ, Okeke IN, Lxminryn R, Perencevich EN, Weisenberg S. Nonprescription ntimicrobil use worldwide: systemtic review. Lncet Infect Dis 2011; 11: Ntgiopoulos PG, Prmythiotou E, Antonidou A, Gimrellou H, Krbinis A. Impct of n ntibiotic restriction policy on the ntibiotic resistnce ptterns of Grmnegtive microorgnisms in n intensive cre unit in Greece. Int J Antimicrobil Agents 2007; 30: Oh AL, Hssli MA, Al-Hddd MS, Syed Sulimin SA, Shfie AS, Awisu A. Public knowledge nd ttitudes towrds ntibiotic usge: cross-sectionl study mong the generl public in the stte of Penng, Vol 45 No. 6 November
9 Mlysi. J Infect Dev Ctries 2011; 5: Pomoni C. Differences in urbn nd suburbn schools. (2010, Jul 11), Andover: Helium, [Cited 2014 Jun 15]. Avilble from URL: items/ differences-in-urbn-ndsuburbn-schools 2010 April 11 Srdmm RD, Higginbothm N, Nichter M. Socil fctors influencing the cquisition of ntibiotics without prescription in Kerl Stte, South Indi. Soc Sci Med 2000; 50: Shehdeh M, Suifn G, Drwish RM, Wzify M, Zru L, Alj fri S. Knowledge, ttitudes nd behvior regrding ntibiotics use nd misuse mong dults in the community of Jordn. A pilot study. Sudi Phrm J 2012; 20: Trepk MJ, Belongi EA, Chyou PH, Dvis JP, Schwrtz B. The effect of the community intervention tril on prentl knowledge nd wreness of ntibiotic resistnce nd pproprite ntibiotic use in children. Peditr 2001; 107: E Vol 45 No. 6 November 2014
Knowledge, attitude and practice of antibiotics prescribing among medical officers of public health care facilities in the state of Kedah, Malaysia
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Knowledge, ttitude nd prctice of ntibiotics prescribing mong medicl officers of public helth cre fcilities in the stte of Kedh, Mlysi Tn Wei Leong, MD*, Siti Rhmh@Noor Syhireen Mohmmed,
More informationHigh Frequency of Antimicrobial Resistance in Human Fecal Flora
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Dec. 1988, p. 181-186 66-484188112181-6$2./ Copyright 1988, Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 32, No. 12 High Frequency of Antimicrobil Resistnce in Humn Fecl
More informationAppropriateness of antimicrobial therapy: a multicentre prevalence survey in the Netherlands,
Surveillnce nd outbrek reports Appropriteness of ntimicrobil therpy: multicentre prevlence survey in the Netherlnds, 28 29 I Willemsen 1, T vn der Kooij 2, B vn Benthem 2, J Wille 3, J Kluytmns (jnkluytmns@gmil.com)
More informationAntibiotic prescribing for sore throat: a cross-sectional analysis of the ReCEnT study exploring the habits of early-career doctors in family practice
Fmily Prctice, 2016, Vol. 33, No. 3, 302 308 doi:10.1093/fmpr/cmw014 Advnce Access publiction 18 Mrch 2016 Helth Service Reserch Antibiotic prescribing for sore throt: cross-sectionl nlysis of the ReCEnT
More informationfact sheet Stage 1: Puppy breeding & raising Puppy Breeding
fct sheet Stge 1: Puppy breeding & rising It tkes two yers nd costs more thn $35,000 to trnsform plyful puppy into responsible Guide Dog. Not ll pups re suitble for guiding people who re vision impired.
More informationA Study on Morbidity Management among Lymphatic Filariasis Patients in Udupi district, Karnataka, India
Int J Med. Public Helth. 2017; 7(2):91-95 A Multifceted Peer Reviewed Journl in the field of Medicine nd Public Helth www.ijmedph.org www.journlonweb.com/ijmedph Originl Article A Study on Morbidity Mngement
More informationStudy of antibiotic prescribing among dental practitioners in Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
Study of ntibiotic prescribing mong dentl prctitioners in Shirz, Islmic Republic of Irn G. Vessl, 1 A. Khbiri, 2 H. Mirkhni, 3 B.D. Cookson 4 nd M. Askrin 2 دراسة حول وصف املضادات احليوية بني أطباء األسنان
More informationPhysicians responsibility for antibiotic use in infants from periurban Lima, Peru
Investigción originl / Physicins responsibility for ntibiotic use in infnts from periurbn Lim, Peru Lucie Ecker, 1 Liset Olrte, 2 Gustvo Vilchez, 1 Theres J. Ocho, 2 Isbel Amemiy, 1 An I. Gil, 1 nd Cludio
More informationSedation in the PICU is vital for patient comfort and to
Long-Term Dexmedetomidine Use nd Sfety Profile Among Criticlly Ill Children nd Neontes* Lest D. Whlen, MD; Jne L. Di Gennro, MD; Gretchen A. Irby, PhrmD; Ofer Yny, MD; Jerry J. Zimmermn, MD, PhD, FCCM
More informationMapping educational opportunities for healthcare workers on antimicrobial resistance and stewardship around the world
Rogers Vn Ktwyk et l. Humn Resources for Helth (2018) 16:9 DOI 10.1186/s12960-018-0270-3 RESEARCH Open Access Mpping eductionl opportunities for helthcre workers on ntimicrobil resistnce nd stewrdship
More informationDragon genetics, pt. II: Monohybrid crosses
Lesson 6.4 Drgon genetics, pt. II: Monohybrid crosses Nme Dte Period Key Terms Monohybrid cross Dominnt trit Recessive trit Engge BCKGROUND: long time go, in world fr, fr wy, gret rce of beings lived on
More informationESTIMATION OF (CO) VARIANCE COMPONENTS OF EWE PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS IN KERMANI SHEEP
Slovk J. Anim. Sci., 46, 2013 (2): 45-51 2013 CVŽV ISSN 1337-9984 ESTIMATION OF (CO) VARIANCE COMPONENTS OF EWE PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS IN KERMANI SHEEP M. R. MOHAMMADABADI*, R. SATTAYIMOKHTARI Deprtment of
More informationA retrospective study of the causes of morbidity and mortality in farmed elk (Cervus elaphus) Murray R. Woodbury, John Berezowski, Jerry Haigh
A retrospective study of the cuses of morbidity nd mortlity in frmed elk (Cervus elphus) Murry R. Woodbury, John Berezowski, Jerry High Abstrct A survey of North Americn frmed elk (Cervus elphus) producers
More informationBVD = Bovine Viral Diarrhea
George Perry, South Dkot Stte University 11/2/17 Influence of Modified Live Vccines on Reproductive Performnce in Beef Cttle George A. Perry, Russell F. Dly, nd Christopher C. Chse Deprtment of Animl Science
More informationComparative Study on Production Efficiency of Two Strains of Brown and White Egg Laying Hens in Kuwait
Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 12 (7): 383-389, 2013 ISSN 1682-8356 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 2013 Comprtive Study on Production Efficiency of Two Strins of Brown nd White Egg Lying
More informationSo much more than friendship
So much more thn friendship How to include Assistnce Dogs Austrli in your Will, nd build brighter future filled with love, friendship nd greter freedom for people with disbilities. By leving gift in your
More informationContinuous Subcutaneous Infusion of Morphine vs. Hydromorphone: A Controlled Trial
Vol. 18 No. 1 July 1999 Journl of Pin nd Symptom Mngement 9 Originl Article Continuous Subcutneous Infusion of Morphine vs. Hydromorphone: A Controlled Tril Mry G. Miller, MB, MRCP (Irelnd), Noel McCrthy,
More informationCHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH OUT CROSSING IN A SHORT DURATION IMPROVED RICE (Oryza sativa L) VARIETY AT307
CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH OUT CROSSING IN A SHORT DURATION IMPROVED RICE (Oryz stiv L) VARIETY AT307 Kumr APA 1, Dhnyke Nilnthi 1 *, Phthinyke BD 2 nd Sennyke SGJN 1 1 Deprtment of Agriculturl Biology,
More informationEffect of mating strategies on genetic and economic outcomes in a Montbéliarde dairy herd
Umotest Umotest Effect of mting strtegies on genetic nd economic outcomes in Montbélirde diry herd MARIE BERODIER M. BROCHARD, C. DEZET TER, N. BAREILLE, V. DUCROCQ Study funded by MO3 The Montbélirde
More informationTECHNICAL SUMMARY October 2013
TECHNICAL SUMMARY October 2013 GeneSTAR MVPs Moleculr Vlue Predictions for beef feed efficiency, 1 mrbling 2 nd tenderness Key Points GeneSTAR is DNA-mrker test for importnt production trits in ll breeds
More informationRobert H. Six 1*, William R. Everett 2, Melanie R. Myers 1 and Sean P. Mahabir 1
Six et l. Prsites & Vectors (2016) 9:93 DOI 10.1186/s13071-016-1374-z RESEARCH Comprtive speed of kill of srolner (Simpric ) nd spinosd plus milbemycin oxime (Trifexis ) ginst induced infesttions of Ctenocephlides
More informationIndications for penetrating keratoplasty in the Philippines
VOL. 30 NO. 4 PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF Ophthlmology OCTOBER ORIGINAL ARTICLE - DECEMBER 2005 M. Doming B. Pdill, MD Mrie Antonette T. Eltnl-Pscul, MD Snt Luci Interntionl Eye Bnk of Mnil Sentro Oftlmologico
More informationASPECTS OF THE BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE GENTOO PENGUIN PYGOSCELIS PAPUA AT VOLUNTEER BEACH, FALKLAND ISLANDS, 2001/02
ASPECTS OF THE BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE GENTOO PENGUIN PYGOSCELIS PAPUA AT VOLUNTEER BEACH, FALKLAND ISLANDS, 2001/02 HELEN M. OTLEY, 1 ANDREA P. CLAUSEN, 1 DARREN J. CHRISTIE 1 & KLEMENS PÜTZ 2 1 Flklnds
More informationIncreasing survival of wild macaw chicks using foster parents
Gbriel Vigo Truco,b,c nd Donld J. Brightsmithbb,c Deprtment of Wildlife nd Fisheries, Texs A&M University,b Schubot Exotic Bird Helth Center, Texs A&M University, c Tmbopt Mcw Project, Mdre de Dios, Perú
More informationEffects of mercury exposure on the reproductive success of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor)
Ecotoxicology (2008) 17:133 141 DOI 10.1007/s10646-007-0163-z Effects of mercury exposure on the reproductive success of tree swllows (Tchycinet bicolor) Rebeck L. Brsso Æ Dniel A. Cristol Accepted: 20
More informationImmune Responses and Efficacy After Administration of a Commercial Brucella abortus Strain RB51 Vaccine to Cattle*
Immune Responses nd Efficcy After Administrtion of Commercil Brucell bortus Strin RB51 Vccine to Cttle* Steven C. Olsen, DVM, PhD United Sttes Deprtment of Agriculture Bcteril Diseses of Livestock Reserch
More informationComparison of the Incidence of Post-operative Wound Infection between Skin Staples and Conventional Sutures in Abdominal Skin Closures
Print ISSN: 2321-6379 Online ISSN: 2395-1893 DOI: 10.17354/SUR/2016/52 Originl Article Comprison of the Incidence of Post-opertive Wound Infection etween Skin Stples nd Conventionl Sutures in Adominl Skin
More information3 MENSURATION TASK cm. 8 cm 12 cm. x cm. 30 m. 20 m. 24 m. 40 m
1 3 MENSURTIN TSK 3.1 Give nswers to one deciml plce if necessry. Find the re of ech shpe elow. ll lengths re in cm. 1. 12 2. 4 10 3. 8 10 8 14 9 4. The re of the prllelogrm is equl to the re of the trpezium.
More informationDistribution and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in broiler farms with or without enrofloxacin use
Shng et l. BMC Veterinry Reserch (2018) 14:257 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1590-1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Distribution nd dissemintion of ntimicrobil-resistnt Slmonell in broiler frms with
More informationPrevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus Species Isolated from Retail Meats
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Dec. 2003, p. 7153 7160 Vol. 69, No. 12 0099-2240/03/$08.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.12.7153 7160.2003 Prevlence nd Antimicrobil Resistnce of Enterococcus Species Isolted
More informationLuteolysis and pregnancy outcomes after change in dose delivery of prostaglandin F2α in a 5-day timed artificial insemination program in dairy cows
Knss Agriculturl Experiment ttion Reserch Reports Volume Issue 2 Diry Reserch (94-24) Article 9 24 Luteolysis nd pregnncy outcomes fter chnge in dose delivery of prostglndin F2α in -dy timed rtificil insemintion
More informationEVALUATION OF S FOR FLY (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) CONTROL AS A FEED-THROUGH COMPOUND FOR POULTRY, CATTLE, AND SWINE'
EVALUATION OF S-31183 FOR FLY (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) CONTROL AS A FEED-THROUGH COMPOUND FOR POULTRY, CATTLE, AND SWINE' R. W. Miller Livestock Insects Lbortory, LPS! ARS, USDA Beltsville, MD 275 (Accepted
More informationIntroduction: Definition of Palatability
Mesurement of pltility of common ingredients used in feed mixes for lms nd ewes A. Mereu,, G. Molle, V. Giovnetti, M. Acciro, M. Decndi, A. Cnns Diprtimento di Scienze Zootecniche, Università di Sssri,
More informationEnlargement 2. Scale and Enlargement
Scle nd Enlrgement Enlrgement 2 Here is picture of Andy. He is 7 5 cm tll in the picture. In rel life, Andy is ctully twenty times the size he ppers to e in the picture. We sy tht this picture hs scle
More informationEfficacy of Clarithromycin for Treatment of Experimental
ANTIMICROBLAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, June 1993, p. 1329-1333 0066-4804/93/061329-05$02.00/0 Copyright X) 1993, Americn Society for Microbiology Vol. 37, No. 6 Efficcy of for Tretment of Experimentl Lyme
More informationEffect of Rumensin on Health and Reproduction of Lactating Dairy Cows
Scientific Updte From Elnco Animl Helth Effect of Rumensin on Helth nd Reproduction of Lctting Diry Cows NADA 095-735 Dvid G. McClry, DVM, MS; Howrd B. Green, MS; Gerld D. Mechor, DVM; nd John I. D. Wilkinson,
More informationPLASMA CORTISOL LEVEL AND MAIN METABOLISM EVOLUTION IN PREGNANT EWE
PLASMA CORTISOL LEVEL AND MAIN METABOLISM EVOLUTION IN PREGNANT EWE N. Dojnă, Iulin Codrenu, Costin Budică Fculty of veterinry medicine Buchrest, Romni, dojn2001@yhoo.com. Abstrct The purpose of this reserch
More informationTourniquet Paralysis. CLINICAL MATERIAL OF necessity, a very large sample of procedures
TOURNIQUET PARALYSIS MIDbLETON AND VARIAN Tourniquet Prlysis K. W. D. MIDDLE TON^ AND J. P. VARIAN~ Royl Alexndr Hospitl for Children, Sydney The prnciplcs of the use of the limb tourniquet hve been unchnged
More informationThe following Supplemental Tables represent the data upon which Figures 3 and 4, respectively, are based.
The following Supplementl Tbles represent the dt upon which Figures 3 nd 4, respectively, re bsed. Tble S1: Existence of incidents of unconfined dogs, cts, ferrets: impct on wildlife Effects on Wildlife
More informationReal Life Problems involving Area
Rel Life Prolems involving Are Prolems occur often in everydy life. Exmple :- A edroom wll is to e wllppered. (300 cm) The wll hs een mesured nd is 6 metres y etres, s shown. The rolls of wllpper to e
More informationSurvey of bloodstream infection isolates: SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program in Buenos Aires, Argentina ( )
Jordá Vrgs L, et l Survey of bloodstrem infection isoltes... rtículo originl/rtigo originl Survey of bloodstrem infection isoltes: SENTRY Antimicrobil Surveillnce Progrm in Buenos Aires, Argentin (1997-2002)
More informationI hold it true, whate er befall; I feel it, when I sorrow most; Tis better to have loved and lost Than never to have loved at all.
How to help owners (nd yourself) del with the deth of beloved pet* Amy I. Bentz, VMD, DACVIM Veterinry Lerning Systems Yrdley, Pennsylvni Christin Bch, MSW, LSW Director of Clinicl Socil Work nd Pet Berevement
More informationJ. Wat. Treat. Biol. Vol.37 No.2
Direct Observtion biilm's surfce bcteril prt pcked n clerly seen B), ct section s spheres rods (Fig., frequently 10μm size. smooth boundries clumps where ded s process. A polymer drk-light res All structure
More informationComparative Studies on the Prevalence of Ixodid Ticks on Some Selected Sedentary Farms and Trade Cattle in Adamawa State, Nigeria
Interntionl Journl of Scientific nd Reserch Publictions, Volume 7, Issue 9, September 2017 505 Comprtive Studies on the Prevlence of Ixodid Ticks on Some Selected Sedentry Frms nd Trde Cttle in Admw Stte,
More informationISSN: Isolation of High Antibiotic Resistant Fecal Bacteria Indicators, Salmonella and Vibrio Species from Raw
ISSN: 2276-7762 Isoltion of High Antibiotic Resistnt Fecl Bcteri Indictors, Slmonell nd Vibrio Species from Rw Abttoirs Sewge in Peri- Urbn Loctions of Nirobi, Keny By Nymboy Rosemry Atieno Okemo Pul Owuor
More informationThe ARESC study: an international survey on the antimicrobial resistance of pathogens involved in uncomplicated urinary tract infections
The ARESC study: n interntionl survey on the ntimicrobil resistnce of pthogens involved in uncomplicted urinry trct infections Gin Crlo Schito, Kurt G. Nber, Henry Botto, Jun Plou, Teresit Mzzei, Lur Gulco,
More informationThe ability of lasers to induce hair growth was
Originl Article Access this rticle online Wesite: www.ijtrichology.com DOI: 10.4103/0974-7753.1584 Quick Response Code: Use of Low Level Lser Therpy s Monotherpy or Concomitnt Therpy for nd Androgenetic
More informationAre stray dogs confined in animal shelters at increased risk of seropositivity to Leishmania infantum? A case control study
12 SARIDOMICHELAKIS (M.N.) AND COLLABORATORS Are stry dogs confined in niml shelters t incresed risk of seropositivity to Leishmni infntum? A cse control study M.N. SARIDOMICHELAKIS 1 *, K.N. APOSTOLIDIS
More informationA Model for Promoting Poultry Industry Development in Togo: Part 1. Management Practices and Incubation Conditions
Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 13 (3): 176-184, 2014 ISSN 1682-8356 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 2014 A Model for Promoting Poultry Industry Development in Togo: Prt 1. Mngement Prctices
More informationVerticillium wilt in a cotton variety test at the Judd Hill Cooperative Research Station in 2017
Arknss 2017 Cotton Vriety Test Verticillium wilt in cotton vriety test t the Judd Hill Coopertive Reserch Sttion in 2017 F. Bourlnd W. Brnett C. Kennedy L. Mrtin A. Rouse nd B. Robertson ARKANSAS AGRICULTURAL
More informationPrevalence of Cattle Diseases and Productive and Reproductive Traitsof Cattle in Ilu Aba Bora Zone, South Western Ethiopia
Glol Veterinri 10 (5): 614-619, 2013 ISSN 1992-6197 IDOSI Pulictions, 2013 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.gv.2013.10.5.6687 Prevlence of Cttle Diseses nd Productive nd Reproductive Tritsof Cttle in Ilu A Bor Zone,
More informationAgreed by the Antimicrobial Advice ad hoc Expert Group (AMEG) 2 May Adopted by the CVMP for release for consultation 19 May 2016
27 July 2016 EMA/CVMP/CHMP/231573/2016 Committee for Medicinl Products for Veterinry use (CVMP) Committee for Medicinl Products for Humn Use (CHMP) Updted dvice on the use of colistin products in nimls
More informationBand-tailed Pigeon Population Status, 2010
University of Nebrsk - Lincoln DigitlCommons@University of Nebrsk - Lincoln US Fish & Wildlife Publictions US Fish & Wildlife Service 2010 Bnd-tiled Pigeon Popultion Sttus, 2010 Todd A. Snders U.S. Fish
More informationEvaluation of the Hologic Gen-Probe PANTHER, APTIMA Combo 2 Assay in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
AJCP / Originl Article Evlution of the Hologic Gen-Probe PANTHER, APTIMA Combo 2 Assy in Tertiry Cre Teching Hospitl Annie Cheng, MT, nd Jmes E. Kirby, MD From the Deprtment of Pthology, Beth Isrel Deconess
More informationESTIMATION OF BREEDING VALUES AND THEIR ACCURACIES USING MULTIVARIATES ANIMAL MODEL ANALYSIS FOR GROWTH TRAITS IN THREE LOCAL STRAINS OF CHICKENS
Egypt. Poult. Sci. Vol. 0 (IV) Dec. 000 (98-00) ESTIMATION OF BREEDING VALUES AND THEIR ACCURACIES USING MULTIVARIATES ANIMAL MODEL ANALYSIS FOR GROWTH TRAITS IN THREE LOCAL STRAINS OF CHICKENS M. M. IRAQI,
More informationMarketing of Exotic Chicken Products and Constraints under Small Scale Intensive Urban Poultry Production in Addis Ababa
World Journl of Agriculturl Sciences 14 (1): 17-24, 2018 ISSN 1817-3047 IDOSI Pulictions, 2018 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wjs.2018.17.24 Mrketing of Exotic Chicken Products nd Constrints under Smll Scle Intensive
More informationInfluence of 2-hydroxy-4-(Methylthio)butanoic Acid on Early Egg and Chick Weights of Broiler Breeders
Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 2 (6): 430-437, 2003 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion 2003 Influence of 2-hydroxy-4-(Methylthio)utnoic Acid on Erly Egg nd Chick Weights of Broiler Breeders
More informationI hold it true, whate er befall; I feel it, when I sorrow most; Tis better to have loved and lost Than never to have loved at all.
How to help owners (nd yourself) del with the deth of horse Feture Amy I. Bentz, VMD, DACVIM Veterinry Lerning Systems Yrdley, Pennsylvni Christin Bch, MSW, LSW Director of Clinicl Socil Work nd Pet Berevement
More informationShell Thickness of Turkey Eggs Affects Cardiac Physiology and Embryo Survival 1
Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 5 (8): 796-80, 2006 ISSN 682-856 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 2006 Shell Thickness of Turkey Eggs Affects Crdic Physiology nd Emryo Survivl 2 2 4 2 V.L.
More informationSusceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Pathogens Associated With Otitis Media At Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
Susceptibility Ptterns of Bcteril Pthogens Associted With Otitis Medi At Murtl Muhmmd Specilist Hospitl, Kno, igeri A. H. Kwo* 1, B. M. Diyb 1, M. Yush u 1 * 1 Microbiology Unit, Deprtment of Biologicl
More informationMeasurement 1: Surface Area and Volume
Mesurement 1: Surfce Are nd Volume Student Book - Series M-1 Mthletics Instnt Workooks Copyright Mesurement 1: Surfce re nd volume Student Book - Series M Contents Topics Topic 1 - The re of prts of circle
More informationSELECTED LIFE HISTORY ASPECTS AND HABITAT USE BY MERRIAM'S WILD TURKEYS IN OREGON
SELECTED LIFE HISTORY ASPECTS AND HABITAT USE BY MERRIAM'S WILD TURKEYS IN OREGON by Robert Scott Lutz A THESIS submitted to Oregon Stte University in prtil fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
More informationEfficacy of noviflumuron gel bait for control of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) laboratory studies
Pest Mngement Science Pest Mng Sci 62:434 439 (2006) Efficcy of noviflumuron gel it for control of the Germn cockroch, Blttell germnic (Dictyopter: Blttellide) lortory studies Chnglu Wng nd Gry W Bennett
More informationEffect of Rearing Program, Body Conformation and Protein Level of Breeder Feed on Broiler Breeder Hen Reproductive Performance
Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science (): 670-679, 0 ISSN 68-856 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 0 Effect of Rering Progrm, Body Conformtion nd Protein Level of Breeder Feed on Broiler Breeder
More informationINCUBATION BEHAVIOR AND BODY MASS OF FEMALE GREATER SNOW GEESE
The Condor 97:993-1001 0 The Cooper Ornithologicl Society 1995 INCUBATION BEHAVIOR AND BODY MASS OF FEMALE GREATER SNOW GEESE AUSTIN REED Cndin Wildlife Service, 1141 Route de I Eglise, Ste-Foy, Quebec,
More informationThere are important differences between blood transfusions
Revised My 2012 1 CE Credit Idiosyncrsies in Feline Blood Trnsfusions DeeDee Schumcher, CVT, VTS (ECC), MEd Des Moines Are Community College Ankeny, Iow There re importnt differences between blood trnsfusions
More informationGenetic divergence of early song discrimination between two young songbird species
In the formt provided y the uthors nd unedited. Genetic divergence of erly song discrimintion etween two young songird species Dvid Whetcroft* nd Ann Qvrnström SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION VOLUME: 1 ARTICLE
More informationAn Integrated Population Pharmacokinetic Meta-Analysis of Propofol in Morbidly Obese and Nonobese Adults, Adolescents, and Children
Originl Article Cittion: CPT: Phrmcometrics & Systems Phrmcology (13), e73; doi:1.138/psp.13.7 13 ASCPT All rights reserved 163-836/1 www.nture.com/psp An Integrted Popultion Phrmcokinetic Met-Anlysis
More informationCoccidioidal Meningitis
ccidioidl Meningitis The Use of Amphotericin B in Tretment HAS E. ESTE, M.D., CHARLES W. HOLEMA, JR., M.D., LEWS L. SADDGE, M.D., nd DAVD H. HOLDE, M.D., Bkersfield THE EED for n effective therpeutic gent
More informationFilmArray Blood Culture Identification Panel Quick Guide
FilmArry Pnel FilmArry Blood Culture Identifiction Pnel Quick Guide Testing on the FilmArry should be performed within 8 hours of the positive reding from continuously monitoring blood culture instrument.
More informationEffect of Dwarfism on Reproductive and Meat Yield Parameters of Crossbred Chicken
Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 4 (6): 372-377, 2005 ISSN 1682-8356 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 2005 Effect of Dwrfism on Reproductive nd Met Yield Prmeters of Crossred Chicken 1 2 3
More informationHereditary ataxia in the Jack Russell Terrier (JRT) is a
J Vet Intern Med 2004;1:1 21 Hereditry Atxi in the Jck Russell Terrier Clinicl nd Genetic Investigtions Annette Wessmnn, Thoms Goedde, Andre Fischer, Peter Wohlsein, Henning Hmnn, Ottmr Distl, nd Andre
More informationInsecticide Resistance of the Green Rice Leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps, to the Systemic Insecticides Used for Seedling-Box Application
ScienceAsi 31 (25): 151-158 Insecticide Resistnce of the Green Rice Lefhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps, to the Systemic Insecticides Used for Seedling-Box Appliction Jirpong Jirin,* Nouki Kojim nd Toru
More informationOriginal Article. E Oz 1, *H Cetin 1, J E Cilek 2, O Deveci 3, A Yanikoglu 1
Irnin J Pul Helth, Vol. 39, No.3, 2010, Irnin pp. 102-108 J Pul Helth, Vol. 39, No.3, 2010, pp. 102-108 Originl Article Effects of Two Temperture Storge Regimes on the Efficcy of 3 Commercil Gel Bits ginst
More informationResurgence of leptospirosis in dogs in Ontario: recent findings
ARTICLE Resurgence of leptospirosis in dogs in Ontrio: recent findings John F. Prescott, Beverly McEwen, Judith Tylor, J. Pul Woods, Anthony Abrms-Ogg, Brin Wilcock Abstrct A mrked increse in leptospirosis
More informationFeasibility of Miscanthus as alternative bedding for dairy cows
Veterinrni Medicin,, 1 (3): 11 13 Originl Pper doi: 1.171/9-VETMED Fesibility of Miscnthus s lterntive bedding for diry cows S. Vn Weyenberg, T. Ulens, K. De Reu, I. Zwertvegher, P. Demeyer, L. Pluym Institute
More informationSources of contamination, prevalence, and antimicrobial resistance of thermophilic Campylobacter isolated from turkeys
Veterinry World, EISSN: 2231-0916 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Sources of contmintion, prevlence, nd ntimicrobil resistnce of thermophilic Cmpylobcter isolted from turkeys Rdi Bouhmed 1, Leil Bouyd 1,
More informationHow do cuckoos find their hosts? The role of habitat imprinting
ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR, 1998, 56, 1425 1433 Article No. r980931 How do cuckoos find their hosts? The role of hbitt imprinting YVONNE TEUSCHL, BARBARA TABORSKY & MICHAEL TABORSKY Konrd Lorenz-Institut für Vergleichende
More informationMERCURY EXPOSURE AFFECTS THE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF A FREE-LIVING TERRESTRIAL SONGBIRD, THE CAROLINA WREN (THRYOTHORUS LUDOVICIANUS)
The Auk 128(4):759 769, 2011 The Americn Ornithologists Union, 2011. Printed in USA. MERCURY EXPOSURE AFFECTS THE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF A FREE-LIVING TERRESTRIAL SONGBIRD, THE CAROLINA WREN (THRYOTHORUS
More informationCHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH OUT CROSSING IN A SHORT DURATION IMPROVED RICE (Oryza sativa L) VARIETY AT307
CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH OUT CROSSING IN A SHORT DURATION IMPROVED RICE (Oryz stiv L) VARIETY AT37 Kumr APA 1, Dhnyke Nilnthi 1 *, Phthinyke BD 2 n Sennyke SGJN 1 1 Deprtment of Agriculturl Biology,
More informationThe Japanese Quail: A Review
Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 7 (9): 95-9, 008 ISSN 68-856 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 008 The Jpnese Quil: A Review Nsrollh Vli Deprtment of Animl Sciences, Fculty of Agriculture,
More informationThe Prevalence and Distribution of Human Onchocerciasis in Two Senatorial Districts in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Americn Journl of Infectious Diseses nd Microbiology, 2014, Vol. 2, No. 2, 39-44 Avilble online t http://pubs.sciepub.com/jidm/2/2/3 Science nd Eduction Publishing DOI:10.12691/jidm-2-2-3 The Prevlence
More informationBELIEFS AND PRACTICES OF PARENTS ON THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS FOR THEIR CHILDREN WITH UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION
PIDSP Journal 2009 Vol 10No.1 Copyright 2009 BELIEFS AND PRACTICES OF PARENTS ON THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS FOR THEIR CHILDREN WITH UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION Micheline Joyce C. Salonga, MD* ABSTRACT
More informationLuciana G. Brito, 1 Fábio S. Barbieri, 1 Rodrigo B. Rocha, 1 MárciaC.S.Oliveira, 2 and Elisana Sales Ribeiro Introduction
SAGE-Hindwi Access to Reserch Veterinry Medicine Interntionl Volume 2011, Article ID 806093, 6 pges doi:10.4061/2011/806093 Reserch Article Evlution of the Efficcy of Acricides Used to Control the Cttle
More informationCurrent Canine Guidelines for the. Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) Infection in Dogs
Current Cnine Guidelines for the Prevention, Dignosis, nd Mngement of Hertworm (Dirofilri immitis) Infection in Dogs Thnk You to Our Generous Sponsors: Printed with n Eduction Grnt from IDEXX Lbortories.
More informationTowards a better understanding of the respective effects of milk yield and body condition dynamics on reproduction in Holstein dairy cows
Animl (2012), 6:3, pp 476 487 & The Animl Consortium 2011 doi:10.1017/s175173111100173x niml Towrds etter understnding of the respective effects of milk yield nd ody condition dynmics on reproduction in
More informationX-RAY Contents lists available at
ISSN 1115-7976 X-RAY Contents lists vilble t Journl of Assocition of Rdiogrphers of Nigeri Journl homepge: www.jrn-xry.org Vol. 26 X-ry Equipments nd Accessories s possible Vectors of Nosocomil Bcteri
More informationIMPACT OF OIL-SANDS BASED WETLANDS ON THE GROWTH OF MALLARD (ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS) DUCKLINGS
Environmentl Toxicology nd Chemistry, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 7 3, 200 200 SETAC Printed in the USA 0730-728/0 $12.00.00 IMPACT OF OIL-SANDS BASED WETLANDS ON THE GROWTH OF MALLARD (ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS) DUCKLINGS
More informationResearch with Finnsheep
I j, I Agriculture Cnd Reserch Brnch Direction generte de l recherche Technicl Bulletin 1991-2E Reserch with Finnsheep in Cnd * ' - * Cnd Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Agriculture
More informationTraditional Poultry Supply and Marketing in the City of N Djamena in Chad
Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 11 (5): 341-348, 2012 ISSN 1682-8356 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 2012 Trditionl Poultry Supply nd Mrketing in the City of N Djmen in Chd 1.3 2 1 3 Iss
More informationFactors associated with West Nile virus disease fatalities in horses. (Traduit par Docteur André Blouin) Can Vet J 2007;48:
Article Fctors ssocited with West Nile virus disese ftlities in horses Tsh Epp, Cheryl Wldner, Keith West, Hugh Townsend Astrct In 2003, the occurrence nd loction of horses with clinicl signs of West Nile
More informationONCOLOGY LETTERS 15: , 2018
ONCOLOGY LETTERS 15: 7153-7157, 2018 Effects of dexmedetomidine on inflmmtory fctors, T lymphocyte subsets nd expression of NF κb in peripherl blood mononucler cells in ptients receiving rdicl surgery
More informationReproductive Performance and Farmer s Traits of Interest and Selection Criterion Studies of Wollo Highland Sheep and Their F Crossbreed Progenies
Cndin Journl of Scientific Reserch 6(2): 23-37, 2017 IDOSI Pulictions, 2017 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.cjsr.2017.23.37 Reproductive Performnce nd Frmer s Trits of Interest nd Selection Criterion Studies of Wollo
More informationPARENTAL KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES (KAPs) ON THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN CHILDREN FOR UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS (URTIs)
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN- 0975-1491 Vol 9, Issue 3, 2017 Original Article PARENTAL KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES (KAPs) ON THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN CHILDREN
More informationet.al.2002;sartori et.al.2001 Finisher Gonzales et.al.(2000) adlibitum Dry matter
5 6 Suget et.l. Sleh et.l,6 Leeson Zuir Gonzles et.l.(000) Tumov et.l.00;srtori et.l.00 Finisher Brto 6 Dgs& Bustri, Bene et.l. 00 Hood C : P 6 6 C : P 5 6 6 dliitum 6 5 6 Dry mtter 5 Orgnic mtter A.O.A.C
More informationComputer literature searches on dengue
Computer literture serches on dengue G. Kuno1 Mny reserch workers, to sve time, rely entirely on either on-line or off-line dtbses offered by n incresing number of informtion services. The chrcteristics
More informationمؤتمر الجمعية العربية لتربية النحل األول 6-5 فبراير 2018 م مركز أبوظبي الوطني للمعارض - دوله اإلمارات العربية المتحدة
The Project Objective: To develop productive, gentle honeybees with tolernce to mites nd brood diseses By: Albert J. Robertson The Ssktchewn Honeybee Breeding nd Selection Progrm 1 2 Current Honeybee Helth
More informationARTICLE IN PRESS. Ecological Indicators xxx (2011) xxx xxx. Contents lists available at ScienceDirect. Ecological Indicators
ECOIND-918; No. of Pges 1 Ecologicl Indictors xxx (211) xxx xxx Contents lists ville t ScienceDirect Ecologicl Indictors jo ur nl homep ge: www.elsevier.com/locte/ecolind Opertionl performnce indictors
More informationCockroach. Biology and Management. Identifying cockroaches. Wizzie Brown 1, Michael Merchant 2, and Kerry Siders 3
ENTO-037 12/17 Cockroch Biology nd Mngement Wizzie Brown 1, Michel Merchnt 2, nd Kerry Siders 3 Cockroches re mong the most common insect pests in homes, schools, nd usinesses. They like to et mny of the
More informationPROVISIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF SELF GOVERNMENT THE VETERINARY LAW
UNITED NATIONS United Ntions Interim Administrtion Mission in Kosovo UNMIK NATIONS UNIES Mission d Administrtion Intérimire des Ntions Unies u Kosovo PROVISIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF SELF GOVERNMENT Lw No.2004/21
More information