Development of polymerase chain reaction for detection of predominant streptococcal isolates causing subclinical bovine mastitis
|
|
- Arnold Green
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Indian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 12, April 2013, pp Development of polymerase chain reaction for detection of predominant streptococcal isolates causing subclinical bovine mastitis K Nithin Prabhu 1, S Isloor 1 *, Raveendra Hegde 1, D Rathnamma 1, B M Veeregowda 1, H N Narasimha Murthy 2, Rajeswari Shome 3 and V V S Suryanarayana 4 1 Department of Veterinary Microbiology and 2 Department of Poultry Science, Veterinary College KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore , India 3 Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring And Surveillance (PD_ADMAS) Hebbal, Bangalore Molecular Virology Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute Hebbal, Bangalore , India Received 29 March 2012; revised 23 June 2012; accepted 29 August 2012 Bovine mastitis is the most important source of loss for the growing dairy industry. Streptococci, with special reference to Streptococcus agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae and S. uberis, are the predominant pathogens causing bovine mastitis. A rapid, sensitive and specific test for the detection of these pathogens needs to be developed. To accomplish this, initially 163 milk samples were collected from various organized and unorganized sectors in and around Bangalore, India. These milk samples were screened for subclinical mastitis by somatic cell counting (SSC) and electro conduction (EC). Of these, 131 samples selected based on SCC and EC values were subjected for isolation of the organisms. Two sets of specific primers, targeting streptococcal 16S rrna gene were designed for detection of S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae and S. uberis. The results of the study showed S. agalactiae as the predominant streptococci among the generally identified streptococcal species associated with subclinical bovine mastitis in dairy cattle in and around Bangalore. Keywords: Mastitis, PCR, 16S rrna, Streptococcus Introduction India continues to be the largest producer of milk in the world with 185 millions cattle and 98 million buffaloes as Livestock Census, Animal Husbandry and Dairy development plays a prominent role in the rural economy in supplementing the income of rural households, particularly, the landless, small and marginal farmers. Bovine mastitis (BM) is an inflammation of the mammary gland, usually due to a microbial infection 2 and causes considerable economic loss to Indian dairy industry. These losses are primarily due to lower milk yields, reduced milk quality and higher production costs 3-5. BM often becomes chronic, and it is important to identify quickly the new clinical cases in order to control infection in the herd. The bacteria responsible for bovine mastitis can be classified as environmental (Streptococcus dysgalactiae, S. parauberis, S. uberis & Escherichia coli) or contagious (S. aureus & *Author for correspondence: Tel: (202); Fax: kisloor@rediffmail.com S. agalactiae) depending on their primary origin, viz., environment or infected mammary gland quarter 6,7 Identification of bacterial pathogens in milk from cows with mastitis is regarded as the golden standard in diagnosis of mastitis. It also provides important information for prevention and control of this disease. In most clinical laboratories, identification methods are based on microbiological culturing of milk and biochemical tests. However, there are several disadvantages associated with microbiological culture. Subclinically infected cows are intermittent shedders of organisms and may cycle through low and high shedding patterns during lactation. Culture of milk may not yield any bacteria from subclinically infected glands due to the presence of very low numbers of pathogens when samples are collected. Failure to isolate bacteria from mastitic milk may also be due to the presence of residual therapeutic antibiotics in the submitted samples that may inhibit bacterial growth in vitro. The presence of leukocytes in milk samples from cases of clinical mastitis and in milk samples with high somatic cell counting may also potentially inhibit growth of bacteria. Moreover, microbiological culture
2 PRABHU et al.: DETECTION OF STREPTOCOCCAL ISOLATES FROM SUBCLINICAL BOVINE MASTITIS 209 of milk samples is time consuming and species level identification by standard biochemical methods is time honoured approach. For the limitations of cultural methods, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been developed to identify various mastitis pathogens The development of PCR-based methods provides a promising option for the rapid identification of bacteria. With this method, identification of bacterial pathogens can be made in hours, rather than the days required for conventional cultural methods. PCR can also improve the level of detection due to its high sensitivity. Different PCRbased methods have been developed for specific and sensitive detection of mastitis pathogens in milk 8, Majority of the bovine mastitis cases caused by streptococcus species are mainly subclinical and, therefore, can be diagnosed only in the laboratory. Streptococci are a highly infectious bovine mastitis pathogen that can rapidly spread throughout the herd from an infected animal. In view of this, early detection of involvement of streptococci in subclinical bovine mastitis in a herd is important for effective control. The objective of this study was to develop a sensitive, rapid PCR as a molecular diagnostic method for specific identification of S. agalactiae, S.dysgalactiae and S. uberis from cases of bovine mastitis and compare it with the conventional method of bacterial culture. Material and Methods Milk Samples In all, 163 milk samples were collected from 3 organized and 1 unorganized sectors in and around Bangalore and subjected for somatic cell counting (SCC) and electrical conductivity (EC) tests. As per the International Dairy Federation 16 criteria of SCC value >500,000 cells/ml and EC of >6.5 ms (milli Siemens)/cm as the indicators of subclinical mastitis, 131 milk samples were subjected for bacterial isolation. Bacterial Cultures After initial enrichment in Streptococcus selection broth for 6 h, 10 µl of enriched milk samples were streaked onto blood agar plates, incubated at 37 C for 48 h. The colony morphology and haemolytic patterns were recorded, and colonies were further streaked onto Brain heart infusion agar plates to obtain pure cultures and for further identification by their biochemical profiling. Conventional biochemical assays like catalase test, Voges-Proskauer test (VP), hydrolysis of esculin and hippurate, and fermentation of sugars like glucose, lactose, mannitol, ribose, sorbitol, raffinose, sucrose and pyrrolidonyl reduction tests were employed to differentiate various streptococcal isolates 17. Bacterial Strains The reference streptococci, viz., S. agalactiae (HM ), S. dysgalactiae (HC ) and S. uberis (HC & HC ), were procured from the Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring And Surveillance (PD_ADMAS), Bangalore. E. coli (JF926686) and S. aureus (JN247783) were obtained from the cultures maintained at the Department of Microbiology, Veterinary College, Bangalore. DNA Extraction The bacterial DNA was extracted using QIAamp DNA Mini and Blood mini kit (Qiagen, Inc) as per the manufacturer s instructions. Designing of PCR Primers Genus specific and species specific primers were designed by targeting tuf and 16S rrna genes, respectively for identification of streptococci. The primers were designed from highly divergent and species specific regions of the DNA coding for 16S rrna based on previously published sequence entries available in the NCBI-GenBank database (S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae & S. uberis). The primer sequences and the sizes of the amplified products are shown in Table 1. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) The PCR reaction mixture contained, 2.5 µl of 10 PCR Taq buffer A, 0.5 µl (10 pmol) of each SagaF/SdysF/SubF and SagaR/SdysR/SubR primers and 1 µl (100 µm) of each dntps, 3 µl (150 ng) of Table 1 Nucleotide sequences of Streptococcus genus-specific (tuf) and species-specific (16S rrna) primers Genus-specific primer (tuf) S tuf-f S tuf-r Species-specific primers (16S rrna) Saga F Saga R Sdys F Sdys R Sub F Sub R Nucleotide sequence 5 -CAA CTT GAC GA AGGT CCT GCA-3 5 -TGG GTT GAT TG AACC TGG TTT A-3 5 -GCC TCA TAG CG GGG ATA AC-3 5 -ACG TTC TTC TCT AAC AAC AGA-3 5 -GGA GTG GAA AAT CCA CCA T-3 5 CGG TCA GGA GGA TGT CAA GAC-3 5 -GTA CCC TAT TTA AAA GGG GCA AAT-3 5 -C TCC GAT GTA CCG AAG TAA AGC TCT-3 Product length (bp)
3 210 INDIAN J BIOTECHNOL, APRIL 2013 streptococcal DNA and filtered quartz water was added to make final volume to 25 µl. The amplification reactions were carried out using a programmable thermal cycler (Master Cycler pro, M/s Ependorff, Germany). The amplification was programmed for 30 cycles with temperature cycles of denaturation at 94 C for 30 sec, annealing at 49.5 C for 30 sec and extension at 72 C for 30 sec. A final extension step of 10 min was included. The amplified products were electrophorezed on a 1.8% agarose gel containing 0.5 µg/ml of ethidium bromide and the images were captured (Gel Doc XR, M/s, BioRad., USA). Analysis of Nucleotide Sequences The PCR products were sequenced (M/s, Chromous Biotech, Bangalore) and the sequence results were analyzed using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn). Results and Discussion Of 131 milk samples subjected for isolation, a total of 40 streptococci were isolated from 32 milk samples. Of these 32 milk samples, 6 revealed mixed streptococcal isolates, remaining 26 milk samples yielded pure streptococcal isolates. These isolates were confirmed to the genus level by plethora of biochemical tests. However, observations made in this study, despite thorough biochemical characterization of streptococcal isolates, could not lead to their precise identification upto the species level due to variability in their biochemical profiles. Three isolates (isolate no. 17, 31 & 32) were confirmed as S. agalactiae by conventional biochemical tests, which were further confirmed by genotypic methods. Furthermore, conventional biochemical tests identify not only typical but also atypical streptococcal isolates. Hence, they are considered dubious for identification of streptococcal species. These observations are also supported by the studies of Odierno et al 18. The findings in the present study indicate that the conventional biochemical tests like esculin hydrolysis, hydrolysis of sodium hippurate, VP and sugar fermentation are ambiguous and lack repeatability. Further, these findings also contradict the fact that the conventional biochemical assays are the gold standard in the isolation and identification of the bacterial pathogens and support the debate about the inconsistency of these test profiles, which are labour intensive and time consuming 11,14, These findings emphasize the need for development of molecular methods based on 16S rrna gene for precise identification of streptococci since this is one of the most useful tools applied to the revision of the bacterial classification system 22. Elongation factor-tu (EFTu), a GTP-binding protein, is encoded by tuf gene, which plays a central role in the protein synthesis. In the bacterial genome, there are up to three tuf genes present in various copy numbers, whereas only one is present in the majority of Gram-positive bacteria with the low GC content 23. In the present study, the tuf gene based genus-specific PCR precisely identified all the 40 isolates as Streptococcus with an amplicon of 110 bp (Fig. 1), which very well correlated with the conventional biochemical identification methodologies. Many authors have reported the usefulness of tuf gene in the development of PCR assays 21,23,24. Further, a house keeping 16S rrna gene was targeted for designing species-specific primers for the identification of the streptococci. The primers designed yielded amplicons of 329 bp for S. agalactiae, 549 bp for S. dysgalactiae and 854 bp for S. uberis reference strains (Figs 2-4). The species- Fig. 1 PCR amplification of 110 bp tuf gene of Streptococcus sp. isolated from bovine mastitis cases. [Lane M: 100 bp DNA ladder; lanes 1, 2 & 3: S. agalactiae (HM ), S. dysgalactiae (HC ) and S. uberis (HC ), respectively; lanes 4 to 16: streptococcal isolates; lane SAU: Negative control, S. aureus (JN247783); lane E. coli: Negative control, E. coli (JF926686)] Fig. 2 PCR amplification of 329 bp 16S rrna gene of S. agalactiae isolated from bovine mastitis cases. [Lane 1: Positive control S. agalactiae (HM ); lanes 2, 3 & 4: S. agalactiae isolates (17, 31 & 32); lane 5: 100 bp DNA ladder; lane 6: Negative control, S. aureus (JN247783); lane 7: Negative control, E. coli (JF926686); lane 8: No template control (NTC)]
4 PRABHU et al.: DETECTION OF STREPTOCOCCAL ISOLATES FROM SUBCLINICAL BOVINE MASTITIS 211 Fig. 3 PCR amplification of 549 bp 16S rrna gene of S. dysgalactiae isolated from bovine mastitis cases. [Lane 1: 100 bp DNA ladder; lane 2: Ref. S. dysgalactiae (HC ); lane 3: Negative controls, S. agalactiae (HM ); lane 4: Negative control, S. uberis (HC ); lane 5: Negative controls, S. aureus (JN247783); lane 6: Negative controls, E. coli (JF926686); lane 7: No template control] Fig. 4 PCR amplification of 854 bp 16S rrna gene of S. uberis isolated from bovine mastitis cases. [Lane 1: 100 bp DNA ladder; lane 2: Ref. S. uberis (HC ); lane 3: Ref. S. uberis (HC ); lane 4: Negative controls, S. agalactiae (HM ); lane 5: Negative controls, S. dysgalactiae (HC ); lane 6: Negative controls, S. aureus (JN247783); lane 7: Negative controls, E. coli (JF926686); lane 8: No template control] specific PCR identified only three isolates as S. agalactiae, which were further confirmed by sequence BLAST analysis of amplified products and sequences submitted to GenBank database (Acc. Nos JN247788, JN & JN247790). Interestingly, none of the isolates were identified as S. dysgalactiae or S. uberis. The results showed high specificity of 16S rrna based PCR in identification of streptococci. 16S rrna has been a reliable site for the development of rapid and accurate detection methodologies 13,23, Compared to the timeconsuming and costly procedures used to diagnose mastitis due to streptococci, the PCR-based methodology presented here is highly accurate and requires only a single reaction, followed by the product analysis. The present results were completely specific and consistent and did not result in any falsepositive or false-negative reactions. Conclusion The results of the present study indicated the higher prevalence of S. agalactiae in subclinical cases of bovine mastitis among the reported predominant species of streptococci. Furthermore, the PCR method can be successfully used for the identification of the major streptococcal isolates both at genus and species levels, especially the predominant streptococcal species, such as, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae and S. uberis. Use of such rapid, sensitive and specific method may be helpful in the field studies of diagnosis and effective treatment, antibiotic selection and ultimately the control of mastitis. Acknowledgement The authors acknowledge the financial support provided under the grant of National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Government of India, New Delhi to the Sub-project entitled, Bovine mastitis: Unraveling molecular details of hostpathogen interaction and development of molecular diagnostic methods. References 1 Anonymous, India reference annual 2009, 53 rd edn (Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, New Delhi) 2009, Watts J L, Etiological agents of bovine mastitis, Vet Microbiol, 16 (1988) Sharma A & Prasad B, Prevalence and therapy of mastitis in dairy animals of Kangra valley of Himachal Pradesh, Proc 4 th Round Table Conf on Mastitis (Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India) 2003, Oncel T, Ica T & Akan M, Betalactamase detection rate and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus isolated from clinical and sub-clinical mastitis cases in Turkey, Rev Med Vet, 155 (2004) Joshi S & Gokhale S, Status of mastitis as an emerging disease in improved and periurban dairy farms in India, Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1081 (2006) Bramley A J, Cullor J S, Erskine R J, Fox L K, Harmon R J et al, Current concepts of bovine mastitis, 4 th edn (National Mastitis Council, Madison, WI, USA) 1996, Smith K L, Environmental mastitis: Cause, prevalence, prevention, J Dairy Sci, 68 (1996) Forsman E J, Alatossava T & Spratt B G, Recombination and the population structures of bacterial pathogens, Ann Rev Microbiol, 55 (1997) Ghadershoi A, Coelen R J & Hirst R G, Development of a species specific DNA probe and PCR for detection of Mycoplasma bovis, Vet Microbiol, 56 (1997) Khan U, Kim C H, Koma I, Morin E, Hansen R D et al, Detection of S. uberis in milk by use of polymerase chain reaction analysis, Am J Vet Res, 59 (1998) Pheuktes P, Mansell P D & Browning G F, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for simultaneous detection of Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcal causes of bovine mastitis, J Dairy Sci, 84 (2001) Riffon R, Sayasith H, Khalil H, Dubreuil P, Drolet M et al, Development of a rapid and sensitive test for identification of
5 212 INDIAN J BIOTECHNOL, APRIL 2013 major pathogens in bovine mastitis by PCR, J Clin Microbiol, 39 (2001) Meiri-Bendek I, Lipkin E, Friedman A, Leitner G, Saran A et al, A PCR based method for the detection of Streptococcus agalactiae in milk, J Dairy Sci, 85 (2002) Phuektes P, Browning G F, Anderson G & Mansell P, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction as a mastitis screening test for Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uberis in bulk milk samples, J Dairy Res, 70 (2003) Cremonesi P, Castiglioni B, Malferrari G, Biunno I, Vimercati C et al, Technical note: Improved method for rapid DNA extraction of mastitis pathogens directly from milk, J Dairy Sci, 89 (2006) Paape M, Mehrzad J, Zhao X, Detilleux J & Burvenich C, Defense of the bovine mammary gland by polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes, J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia, 7 (2002) Collee J G, Fraser A G, Marimon B P & Simmons A, Practical medical microbiology, 14 th edn (Churchil Livingstone, New York USA) 1996, Odierno L, Calvinho L P, Traverssa M, Lasagno C, Bogni C et al, Conventional identification of Streptococcus uberis isolated from bovine mastitis in Argentinean dairy herds, J Dairy Sci, 89 (2006) Freney J, Bland S, Etienne J, Desmonceaux M, Boeufgras J M et al, Description and evaluation of the semi automated 4-hour rapid ID 32 Strep method for identification of streptococci and members of related genera, J Clin Microbiol, 30 (1992) Olive J C, Norberg M, Schukken Y H & Brand A, Detection of subclinical mastitis from on-line milking parlor data, J Dairy Sci, 78 (2004) Picard F J, Ke D, Boudreau D K, Boissinot M, Huletsky A et al, Use of tuf sequences for genus-specific PCR detection and phylogenetic analysis of 28 streptococcal species, J Clin Microbiol, 42 (2004) Facklam R, What happened to the streptococci: Overview of taxonomic and nomenclature changes, Clin Microbiol Rev, 15 (2002) Ke D, Picard F J, Martineau F, Me Nard C, Roy P H et al, Development of a PCR assay for rapid detection of enterococci, J Clin Microbiol, 37 (2000) Martineau F, Picard F J, Ke D, Paradis S, Roy P H et al, Development of PCR assay for identification of staphylococci at genus and species levels, J Clin Microbiol, 39 (2001) Hall L M C, Duke B & Urwin G, An approach to the identification of the pathogens of bacterial meningitis by the polymerase chain reaction, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 14 (1995) Ahmet Z, Stanier P, Harvey D & Holt D, New PCR primers for sensitive detection and specific identification of group B β-hemolytic streptococci in cerebrospinal fluid, Mol Cell Probes, 13 (1999) BäCkman A, Lants P G, Raodstro M P & Olce N P, Evaluation of an extended diagnostic PCR assay for detection and verification of the common causes of bacterial meningitis in CSF and other biological samples, Mol Cell Probes, 13 (1999)
A B S T R A C T. 1. Introduction
BENHA VETERINARY MEDICAL JOURNAL, VOL. 28, NO. 1:27-32, MARCH 2015 Differentiation between streptococcus agalactia, streptococcus dysagalactia and staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk of mastitic cows
More informationSupplemental Information. Discovery of Reactive Microbiota-Derived. Metabolites that Inhibit Host Proteases
Cell, Volume 168 Supplemental Information Discovery of Reactive Microbiota-Derived Metabolites that Inhibit Host Proteases Chun-Jun Guo, Fang-Yuan Chang, Thomas P. Wyche, Keriann M. Backus, Timothy M.
More informationFinnzymes Oy. PathoProof Mastitis PCR Assay. Real time PCR based mastitis testing in milk monitoring programs
PathoProof TM Mastitis PCR Assay Mikko Koskinen, Ph.D. Director, Diagnostics, Finnzymes Oy Real time PCR based mastitis testing in milk monitoring programs PathoProof Mastitis PCR Assay Comparison of the
More informationMASTITIS DNA SCREENING
Trusted Dairy Laboratory Services for more than 75 years MASTITIS DNA SCREENING Short Reference Guide Eurofins DQCI 5205 Quincy Street, Mounds View, MN 55112 P: 763-785-0484 F: 763-785-0584 E: DQCIinfo@eurofinsUS.com
More informationInterpretation of results from milk samples tested for mastitis bacteria with Mastit 4 qpcr test from DNA Diagnostic
Mastit 4 Interpretation of results from milk samples tested for mastitis bacteria with Mastit 4 qpcr test from DNA Diagnostic The 40th ICAR Biennial Session Puerto Varas, Chile, 24-28 october 2016 Jorgen
More informationMastitis: Background, Management and Control
New York State Cattle Health Assurance Program Mastitis Module Mastitis: Background, Management and Control Introduction Mastitis remains one of the most costly diseases of dairy cattle in the US despite
More informationPresented at Central Veterinary Conference, Kansas City, MO, August 2013; Copyright 2013, P.L Ruegg, all rights reserved
MILK MICROBIOLOGY: IMPROVING MICROBIOLOGICAL SERVICES FOR DAIRY FARMS Pamela L. Ruegg, DVM, MPVM, University of WI, Dept. of Dairy Science, Madison WI 53705 Introduction In spite of considerable progress
More informationValidation of the PathoProof TM Mastitis PCR Assay for Bacterial Identification from Milk Recording Samples
Validation of the PathoProof TM Mastitis PCR Assay for Bacterial Identification from Milk Recording Samples Mikko Koskinen, Ph.D. Finnzymes Oy Benefits of using DHI samples for mastitis testing Overview
More informationCHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS OF CATALASE-NEGATIVE GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI ISOLATED FROM BOVINE MASTITIS IN BRAZIL
CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS OF CATALASE-NEGATIVE GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI ISOLATED FROM BOVINE MASTITIS IN BRAZIL E. Maricato 1, C.C. Lange 2, M.AV.P. Brito 2, J.R.F. Brito 2*, M.M.O.P.
More informationMinna Koivula & Esa Mäntysaari, MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, Jokioinen, Finland
M6.4. minna.koivula@mtt.fi Pathogen records as a tool to manage udder health Minna Koivula & Esa Mäntysaari, MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Animal Production Research, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland Objectives
More informationIsolation and identification of major causing bacteria from bovinemastitis R. Lakshmi 1 and K.K. Jayavardhanan 2
Isolation and identification of major causing bacteria from bovinemastitis R. Lakshmi 1 and K.K. Jayavardhanan 2 1 PhD Scholar, Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,
More informationMILK COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES DURING MASTITIS
MASTITIS PA R T 2 MILK COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES DURING MASTITIS Increased SCC Na Cl Whey protein (e.g. serum albumin, Ig, lactoferrin) Decreased Production α-lactalbumin & Lactose Casein K MILK LOSS LACTOFERRIN
More informationEvaluation of a new qpcr test to specify reasons behind total bacterial count in bulk tank milk
Evaluation of a new qpcr test to specify reasons behind total bacterial count in bulk tank milk S. Sigurdsson 1, L.T. Olesen 2, A. Pedersen 3 and J. Katholm 3 1 SEGES, Agro Food Park 15, 8200 Aarhus N.,
More informationSelective Antibiotic Treatment for Dairy Cow Mastitis 1
AN306 1 Kathryn Merriman, Fiona Maunsell, Corwin Nelson, and Albert de Vries 2 Introduction Mastitis is the most common disease in dairy cattle and continues to result in one of the largest economic losses
More information, Pamela L. Ruegg
Premiums, Production and Pails of Discarded Milk How Much Money Does Mastitis Cost You? Pamela Ruegg, DVM, MPVM University of Wisconsin, Madison Introduction Profit centered dairy farms strive to maximize
More informationInterpretation of Bulk Tank Milk Results
Interpretation of Bulk Tank Milk Results Introduction Culturing bulk tank milk (BTM) to monitor milk quality has limitations based on the amount and frequency of sampling and the amount and types of microorganisms
More informationMilk Quality Evaluation Tools for Dairy Farmers
AS-1131 Mastitis Control Programs Milk Quality Evaluation Tools for Dairy Farmers P J. W. Schroeder, Extension Dairy Specialist roducers have a variety of informational tools available to monitor both
More informationAssociation between teat skin colonization and intramammary infections with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae
15/11/2017 1 Association between teat skin colonization and intramammary infections with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae Line Svennesen (PhD student) Yasser Mahmmod 1, Karl Pedersen
More informationDairy/Milk Testing Report Detecting Elevated Levels of Bacteria in Milk-On-Site Direct- From-The-Cow Within Minutes as Indicator of Mastitis
Dairy/Milk Testing Report Detecting Elevated Levels of Bacteria in Milk-On-Site Direct- From-The-Cow Within Minutes as Indicator of Mastitis EnZtek Diagnostics Incorporated has investigated and successfully
More informationMastitis MANAGING SOMATIC CELLS COUNTS IN. Somatic Cell Count Are Affected by. Somatic Cells are NOT Affected by:
MANAGING SOMATIC CELLS COUNTS IN COWS AND HERDS Pamela L. Ruegg, DVM, MPVM University of Wisconsin, Madison Bacterial infection of the udder 99% occurs when bacterial exposure at teat end exceeds ability
More informationOptions for Handling Mastitis during Lactation in Modern Dairy Farms
Options for Handling Mastitis during Lactation in Modern Dairy Farms Leitner, G., * Jacoby, S., 2 Frank, E. 2 and Shacked, R. 2 National Mastitis Reference Center, Kimron Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box
More informationPremiums, Production and Pails of Discarded Milk How Much Money Does Mastitis Cost You? Pamela Ruegg, DVM, MPVM University of Wisconsin, Madison
Premiums, Production and Pails of Discarded Milk How Much Money Does Mastitis Cost You? Pamela Ruegg, DVM, MPVM University of Wisconsin, Madison Introduction Profit centered dairy farms strive to maximize
More informationBovine Mastitis Products for Microbiological Analysis
Bovine Mastitis Products for Microbiological Analysis 121917ss Hardy Diagnostics has everything for your laboratory! SAVE MONEY Now you have a choice for obtaining your supplies for mastitis testing. Hardy
More informationControlling Contagious Mastitis
Controlling Contagious Mastitis John R. Middleton College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri Quiz High SCC Objectives Definitions Causes Detection/Diagnosis Control Treatment Conclusion Definitions
More informationSomatic Cell Count: A Biomarker for Early Diagnosis and Therapeutic Evaluation in Bovine Mastitis
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 03 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.703.174
More informationMilk quality & mastitis - troubleshooting, control program
Milk quality & mastitis - troubleshooting, control program Jim Reynolds, DVM, MPVM University of California, Davis Tulare Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center 18830 Road 112 Tulare, CA 93274
More informationEmerging Mastitis Threats on the Dairy Pamela Ruegg, DVM, MPVM Dept. of Dairy Science
Emerging Mastitis Threats on the Dairy Pamela Ruegg, DVM, MPVM Dept. of Dairy Science Introduction Mastitis is the most frequent and costly disease of dairy cattle. Losses due to mastitis can be attributed
More informationS. P. Oliver, R. A. Almeida, B. E. Gillespie, S. J. Ivey, H. Moorehead, P. Lunn, H. H. Dowlen, D. L. Johnson, and K. C. Lamar
S. P. Oliver, R. A. Almeida, B. E. Gillespie, S. J. Ivey, H. Moorehead, P. Lunn, H. H. Dowlen, D. L. Johnson, and K. C. Lamar Efficacy of Extended Pirlimycin Therapy for Treatment of Experimentally Induced
More informationOutline MILK QUALITY AND MASTITIS TREATMENTS ON ORGANIC 2/6/12
MILK QUALITY AND MASTITIS TREATMENTS ON ANIC AND SMALL VENTIONAL DAIRY FARMS Roxann M. Richert* 1, Pamela L. Ruegg 1, Mike J. Gamroth 2, Ynte H. Schukken 3, Kellie M. Cicconi 3, Katie E. Stiglbauer 2 1
More informationMASTITIS CASE MANAGEMENT
MASTITIS CASE MANAGEMENT The 2nd University of Minnesota China Dairy Conference Hohhot Sarne De Vliegher Head of M-team UGent & Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit @ UGent OVERVIEW Mastitis case management
More informationQuad Plate User s Manual
A part of Eurofins DQCI SSGN - SSGNC Mastitis Culture Quad Plate User s Manual Eurofins Microbiology Laboratories / Eurofins DQCI Services 5205 Quincy Street, Mounds View, MN 55112 P: 763-785-0485 F: 763-785-0584
More informationTEAT DIP- POST DIP- PRE DIP- STRIPING
TEAT DIP- POST DIP- PRE DIP- STRIPING KRISHIMATE AGRO AND DAIRY PVT LTD NO.1176, 1ST CROSS, 12TH B MAIN, H A L 2ND STAGE, INDIRANAGAR BANGALORE-560008, INDIA Email: sales@srisaiagro.com Www.srisaiagro.com
More informationEdinburgh Research Explorer
Edinburgh Research Explorer Short communication: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus detection in US bulk tank milk Citation for published version: Virgin, JE, Van Slyke, TM, Lombard, JE & Zadoks,
More informationUsing SCC to Evaluate Subclinical Mastitis Cows
Using SCC to Evaluate Subclinical Mastitis Cows By: Michele Jones and Donna M. Amaral-Phillips, Ph.D. Mastitis is the most important and costliest infectious disease on a dairy farm. A National Mastitis
More informationResearch Note. A novel method for sexing day-old chicks using endoscope system
Research Note A novel method for sexing day-old chicks using endoscope system Makoto Otsuka,,1 Osamu Miyashita,,1 Mitsuru Shibata,,1 Fujiyuki Sato,,1 and Mitsuru Naito,2,3 NARO Institute of Livestock and
More informationMastitis and On-Farm Milk Cultures - A Field Study - Part 1
Mastitis and On-Farm Milk Cultures - A Field Study - Part 1 This two-part article discusses the results of a research project undertaken by Dr. Tim Olchowy, Senior Lecturer in Livestock Medicine, School
More informationStudy Type of PCR Primers Identified microorganisms
Study Type of PCR Primers Identified microorganisms Portillo et al, Marín et al, Jacovides et al, Real-time multiplex PCR (SeptiFasta, Roche Diagnostics) 16S rr gene was amplified using conventional PCR.
More informationThe mastitis situation in Canada where do you stand?
The mastitis situation in Canada where do you stand? Richard Olde Riekerink and Herman Barkema 1 Québec City December 11, 2007 Mastitis Most expensive disease on a dairy farm discarded milk, treatment,
More informationInnovation in Mastitis Treatment
Innovation in Mastitis Treatment Dr Kiro R Petrovski DVM, MVSc, PGDipVCSc, PhD Senior Lecturer March 2014 kiro.petrovski@adelaide.edu.au Biography Started working with dairy cows at age of 11 First independent
More informationPractical Strategies for Treating Mastitis Pamela L. Ruegg, DVM, MPVM University of Wisconsin, Madison
Practical Strategies for Treating Mastitis Pamela L. Ruegg, DVM, MPVM University of Wisconsin, Madison Introduction Mastitis is the most frequent and costly disease of dairy cattle. Losses due to mastitis
More informationDecision tree analysis of treatment strategies for mild and moderate cases of clinical mastitis occurring in early lactation
J. Dairy Sci. 94 :1873 1892 doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-3930 American Dairy Science Association, 2011. Decision tree analysis of treatment strategies for mild and moderate cases of clinical mastitis occurring
More informationEffect of omitting post-milking teat disinfection on the mastitis infection rate of dairy cows over a full lactation
57 th Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production Antalya (Turkey), September 17-20, 2006 Session: M19 Free communications animal management and health Effect of omitting post-milking
More informationMASTITIS. Therefore, mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland.
MASTITIS Mastos = breast itis = inflammation Therefore, mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland. Or Reaction to a tissue injury. Therefore, inflammation can and does result in the loss of function
More informationNorthern NY Agricultural Development Program Project Report
Northern NY Agricultural Development Program 2013-14 Project Report Identification, Distribution, and Characterization of Mastitis-Causing Pathogens Previously Identified as Other Streptococcal Species
More informationPCR detection of Leptospira in. stray cat and
PCR detection of Leptospira in 1 Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran 2 Department of Microbiology, School of Veterinary
More informationPrevalence of Staphylococcus aureus Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Buffaloes Farms
Page21 Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Buffaloes Farms Maha I. Hamed and A. M. A. Zaitoun Dept. of Animal Med. (Infectious Diseases)-Faculty of Veterinary Medicine- Assiut
More informationGenotypes of Cornel Dorset and Dorset Crosses Compared with Romneys for Melatonin Receptor 1a
Genotypes of Cornell Dorset and Dorset Crosses Compared with Romneys for Melatonin Receptor 1a By Christian Posbergh Cornell Undergraduate Honor Student, Dept. Animal Science Abstract: Sheep are known
More informationLOOKING FOR PROFITS IN MILK QUALITY
LOOKING FOR PROFITS IN MILK QUALITY Richard L. Wallace TAKE HOME MESSAGES Begin monitoring milk quality practices by recording bulk tank data, DHIA somatic cell count (SCC) information, and clinical mastitis
More informationMilk Quality Management Protocol: Fresh Cows
Milk Quality Management Protocol: Fresh Cows By David L. Lee, Professor Rutgers Cooperative Extension Fresh Cow Milk Sampling Protocol: 1. Use the PortaSCC milk test or other on-farm mastitis test to check
More informationShort information about the ZOBA. Participating on proficiency tests. Monitoring programme
Short information about the ZOBA Laboratory methods Participating on proficiency tests Research projects Monitoring programme Raymond Miserez DVM, ZOBA, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse
More informationInt.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(8):
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 08 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.708.378
More informationANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA ISOLATED FROM MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS*
Short Communication ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA ISOLATED FROM MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS* T.R.Pugazhenthi 1, A. Elango 2, C. Naresh Kumar 3, B. Dhanalakshmi 4 and A. Bharathidhasan
More informationVPM 201-Lab 6 Bovine Mastitis, Bacillus & Mastitis (2012)
Exercise 1. Bovine mastitic milk sample A. Note relevant images are on next page Sample A is Staphylococcus aureus Moderate size (1.0 mm), circular, convex, cream-to-light yellow, opaque Double-zone (target)
More informationVeterinaria.com.pt 2009; Vol. 1 Nº 1: e13 (publicação inicial em Julho de 2008) Disponível em
Veterinaria.com.pt 2009; Vol. 1 Nº 1: e13 (publicação inicial em Julho de 2008) Disponível em http://www.veterinaria.com.pt/media//dir_27001/vcp1-1-e13.pdf Evolution of CMSCC in Intramammary Staphylococcus
More informationWalter M. Guterbock, DVM, MS Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center University of California, Davis
Walter M. Guterbock, DVM, MS Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center University of California, Davis 1993 WESTERN LARGE HERD MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE V LAS VEGAS NEVADA 27 Alternatives To Antibiotic
More informationDr. Michelle Arnold, DVM DABVP (Food Animal) Ruminant Extension Veterinarian University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory
Dr. Michelle Arnold, DVM DABVP (Food Animal) Ruminant Extension Veterinarian University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Mastitis-Treatment Options and Strategies Treatment Strategies 1 st
More informationGram-positive cocci Staphylococci and Streptococcia
Medical microbiology Laboratory Lab 8 Gram-positive cocci Staphylococci and Streptococcia Lecturer Maysam A Mezher Gram positive cocci 1-Staphylococcus. 2-Streptococcus. 3-Micrococcus The medically important
More informationMastitis in non-bovine dairy species, companion animals and breastfeeding mothers. Chris Knight
Mastitis in non-bovine dairy species, companion animals and breastfeeding mothers Chris Knight Objectives To stimulate thought/discussion regarding the relevance and importance of mastitis and mastitis
More informationUnderstanding the Basics of Mastitis
publication 404-233 Understanding the Basics of Mastitis G.M. Jones, Professor of Dairy Science and Extension Dairy Scientist, Milk Quality & Milking Management, Virginia Tech T.L. Bailey, Jr., Assistant
More informationStrep. ag.-infected Dairy Cows
1 Mastitis Control Program for Strep. ag.-infected Dairy Cows by John Kirk Veterinary Medicine Extension, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis and Roger Mellenberger Department
More informationInternational Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 6, No 2, 2017,
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 6, No 2, 2017, 1321 1326 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) Review Article COMPARISION OF DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR THE DETECTION OF SUB-CLINICAL
More informationMastitis Management and SCC Control in Once a Day Herds. Don Crowley- Teagasc
Mastitis Management and SCC Control in Once a Day Herds Don Crowley- Teagasc What is a SCC? Somatic cells (or body cells) are a mixture of milk-producing cells shed from the udder tissue (about 2%) and
More information2012 Indiana Regional Dairy Meetings. Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine Dr. Jon Townsend Dairy Production Medicine
2012 Indiana Regional Dairy Meetings Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine Dr. Jon Townsend Dairy Production Medicine Focusing on the selection of the correct animals, diagnosis of causative
More informationDifferential Somatic Cell Count with the Fossomatic 7 DC - a novel parameter
Differential Somatic Cell Count with the Fossomatic 7 DC - a novel parameter By: Dr. Daniel Schwarz, Cattle Disease Specialist, FOSS, Denmark Dedicated Analytical Solutions Somatic cell count (SCC) represents
More informationSUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS. Lincomycin (as Lincomycin hydrochloride) Neomycin (as Neomycin sulphate) Excipients Disodium edetate
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS AN: 00221/2013 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Lincocin Forte S Intramammary Solution 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Active substances Lincomycin
More informationEvaluation of intervention strategies for subclinical and clinical mastitis
Evaluation of intervention strategies for subclinical and clinical mastitis CPH Cattle seminar, 31. October 2018 Maya Gussmann, Wilma Steeneveld, Carsten Kirkeby, Henk Hogeveen, Michael Farre, Tariq Halasa
More informationAnalysis of the microbial population that most often causes mastitis in dairy cows
Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com WSN 89 (2017) 317-321 EISSN 2392-2192 Analysis of the microbial population that most often causes mastitis in dairy cows ABSTRACT Daniel Radzikowski Siedlce
More informationApril Boll Iowa State University. Leo L. Timms Iowa State University. Recommended Citation
AS 652 ASL R2102 2006 Use of the California Mastitis Test and an On-Farm Culture System for Strategic Identification and Treatment of Fresh Cow Subclinical Intramammary Infections and Treatment of Clinical
More informationMastitis cows and immunization
In Spain, the antibiotherapy against mastitis moves 12,000,000 with an interannual growth of 10.2%. Only 4 of these millions are drying antibiotherapy. Conclusion: farmers spend a lot of money on mastitis
More informationPrevalence of sub clinical mastitis in small holder dairy farms in Selale, North Shewa Zone, Central Ethiopia
ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Veterinary Medicine Volume 5 Number 1 Prevalence of sub clinical mastitis in small holder dairy farms in Selale, North Shewa Zone, Central K Argaw, T Tolosa Citation K
More informationThis study used stored isolates of Strep. uberis from an earlier study (Runciman et al., 2010). Seven farms
J. Dairy Sci. 97 :285 290 http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3168/jds.2013-7074 American Dairy Science Association, 2014. Molecular epidemiology of recurrent clinical mastitis due to Streptococcus uberis: Evidence
More informationCo-transfer of bla NDM-5 and mcr-1 by an IncX3 X4 hybrid plasmid in Escherichia coli 4
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION ARTICLE NUMBER: 16176 DOI: 10.1038/NMICROBIOL.2016.176 Co-transfer of bla NDM-5 and mcr-1 by an IncX3 X4 hybrid plasmid in Escherichia coli 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
More information29/11/2017. Best Milking Practices. Greg Strait- Fulton County Extension Amber Yutzy- Huntingdon County Extension
Best Milking Practices Greg Strait- Fulton County Extension Amber Yutzy- Huntingdon County Extension 1 Milking is a complex interaction AND not likely related to ONE factor alone What is Mastitis? Bacterial
More informationBacteria in chicken rolls sold by fast food restaurant and their public health significance
The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2015) 32 (1) : 13 18 Bacteria in chicken rolls sold by fast food restaurant and their public health significance S Sultana, MA Islam and MM Khatun* 1 Department of Microbiology
More informationCaused by microorganisms (usually bacteria) that invade the udder, multiply, and produce toxins that are harmful to the mammary gland
MASTITIS PA R T 1 MASTITIS Mast = breast; itis = inflammation Inflammation of the mammary gland Caused by microorganisms (usually bacteria) that invade the udder, multiply, and produce toxins that are
More informationTHIS ARTICLE IS SPONSORED BY THE MINNESOTA DAIRY HEALTH CONFERENCE.
THIS ARTICLE IS SPONSORED BY THE MINNESOTA DAIRY HEALTH CONFERENCE. ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA UNITED STATES OF MINNESOTA Validation of the Minnesota Easy Culture System II: Results from On-farm Bi-plate and
More informationHerd Navigator and mastitis management
Herd Navigator and mastitis management 1. What is mastitis? in some cases of E. coli mastitis the milk production in the affected Mastitis is the most common and costly disease in dairy herds. In quarter
More informationPhenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Enterococci from Clinical Isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 7 (2017) pp. 1160-1173 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.607.141
More informationTHE BOVINE MILK MICROBIOME. Mark McGuire
THE BOVINE MILK MICROBIOME Mark McGuire FLOW OF MILK FROM A FARM TO PROCESSOR HOW TO ASSESS PRESENCE OF BACTERIA? Culture-dependent methods Culture-independent methods Rely on molecular techniques and
More informationSources of Different Mastitis Organisms and Their Control
Sources of Different Mastitis Organisms and Their Control W. Nelson Philpot Professor Emeritus, Louisiana State University Phone: 318-027-2388; email: philpot@homerla.com Introduction Mastitis is unlike
More informationVeterinary Parasitology
Veterinary Parasitology 172 (2010) 311 316 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Veterinary Parasitology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/vetpar Identification and genetic characterization
More informationMASTITIS PATHOGENS IN MILK OF DAIRY COWS IN SLOVAKIA
2013 CVŽV ISSN 1337-9984 MASTITIS PATHOGENS IN MILK OF DAIRY COWS IN SLOVAKIA SH. E. IDRISS 1 *, V. FOLTYS 2, V. TANČIN 1,2, K. KIRCHNEROVÁ 2, K. ZAUJEC 2 1 Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak
More informationGuideline on the conduct of efficacy studies for intramammary products for use in cattle
1 2 3 18 October 2013 EMEA/CVMP/EWP/141272/2011 Committee for Medicinal products for Veterinary Use (CVMP) 4 5 6 Guideline on the conduct of efficacy studies for intramammary products for use in cattle
More information(2014) Molecular diagnosis of benzimidazole resistance in Haemonchus contortus in sheep from different geographic regions
Veterinary World, EISSN: 2231-0916 Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/vol.7/may-2014/13.pdf RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Molecular diagnosis of benzimidazole resistance in Haemonchus contortus in sheep
More informationDevelopment and characterization of 79 nuclear markers amplifying in viviparous and oviparous clades of the European common lizard
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-017-0002-y SHORT COMMUNICATION Development and characterization of 79 nuclear markers amplifying in viviparous and oviparous clades of the European common lizard J. L. Horreo
More informationMolecular study on Salmonella serovars isolated from poultry
Molecular study on Salmonella serovars isolated from poultry presented by Enas Fathy mohamed Abdallah Under The Supervision of Prof. Dr. Mohamed Refai Professor of Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
More informationMRSA surveillance 2014: Poultry
Vicky Jasson MRSA surveillance 2014: Poultry 1. Introduction In the framework of the FASFC surveillance, a surveillance of MRSA in poultry has been executed in order to determine the prevalence and diversity
More informationUpdate on Staphylococcus aureus Mastitis. John R. Middleton College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia
Update on Staphylococcus aureus Mastitis John R. Middleton College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 1 Staphylococcus aureus Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-sporulating,
More informationDetection of (meca)gene in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at Prince A / Rhman Sidery Hospital, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
Journal of Medical Genetics and Genomics Vol. 3 (3) pp. 41-45, March 211 Available online http://www.academicjournals.org/jmgg ISSN 2141-2278 211 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Detection
More informationRICKETTSIA SPECIES AMONG TICKS IN AN AREA OF JAPAN ENDEMIC FOR JAPANESE SPOTTED FEVER
RICKETTSIA SPECIES AMONG TICKS IN AN AREA OF JAPAN ENDEMIC FOR JAPANESE SPOTTED FEVER Makoto Kondo 1, Katsuhiko Ando 2, Keiichi Yamanaka 1 and Hitoshi Mizutani 1 1 Department of Dermatology, 2 Department
More informationBulk Milk Data and Udder Health
Bulk Milk Data and Udder Health Andrew J Bradley MA VetMB DCHP DipECBHM PhD MRCVS RCVS-Recognised Specialist in Cattle Health and Production European Specialist in Bovine Health Management Quality Milk
More informationOn-Farm Antibiotic Testing
On-Farm Antibiotic Testing James S. Cullor, DVM, Ph.D. Department of Veterinary Pathology University of California, Davis 1993 WESTERN LARGE HERD MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE LAS VEGAS NEVADA On-Farm Antibiotic
More informationThe Search For Antibiotics BY: ASLEY, ELIANA, ISABELLA AND LUNISCHA BSC1005 LAB 4/18/2018
The Search For Antibiotics BY: ASLEY, ELIANA, ISABELLA AND LUNISCHA BSC1005 LAB 4/18/2018 The Need for New Antibiotics Antibiotic crisis An antibiotic is a chemical that kills bacteria. Since the 1980s,
More informationInfluence of Management Techniques on the Levels of Mastitis in an Organic Dairy Herd Mastitis management in organic herd
Type of article: Title: Short title: BRIEF COMMUNICATION Influence of Management Techniques on the Levels of Mastitis in an Organic Dairy Herd Mastitis management in organic herd Authors: Thatcher, A.,
More informationCultural and biochemical studies of sub-clinical mastitis in cows in and around Hyderabad
2017; 6(8): 334-338 ISSN (E): 2277-7695 ISSN (P): 2349-8242 NAAS Rating 2017: 5.03 TPI 2017; 6(8): 334-338 2017 TPI www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 26-06-2017 Accepted: 27-07-2017 Anusha Dasohari Veterinary
More informationGenetic parameters for pathogen specific clinical mastitis in Norwegian Red cows
Genetic parameters for pathogen specific clinical mastitis in Norwegian Red cows EAAP 2011 Session 36 Theatre presentation 10 Genetic parameters for pathogen specific clinical mastitis in Norwegian Red
More informationUsing DHIA and bacteriology to investigate herd milk quality problems.
Using DHIA and bacteriology to investigate herd milk quality problems. Nigel B. Cook BVSc MRCVS Clinical Assistant Professor in Food Animal Production Medicine University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of
More information6.0 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CAROTENOID FROM HALOMONAS SPECIES AGAINST CHOSEN HUMAN BACTERIAL PATHOGENS
6.0 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CAROTENOID FROM HALOMONAS SPECIES AGAINST CHOSEN HUMAN BACTERIAL PATHOGENS 6.1 INTRODUCTION Microorganisms that cause infectious disease are called pathogenic microbes. Although
More informationTREATMENT DECISIONS FOR MILD AND MODERATE CASES OF CLINICAL MASTITIS. Carolina Pinzón-Sánchez
TREATMENT DECISIONS FOR MILD AND MODERATE CASES OF CLINICAL MASTITIS by Carolina Pinzón-Sánchez A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Dairy Science
More informationHow to Decrease the Use of Antibiotics in Udder Health Management
How to Decrease the Use of Antibiotics in Udder Health Management Jean-Philippe Roy Professor, Bovine ambulatory clinic, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal.3200 rue Sicotte, C.P. 5000,
More information