Dinosaur morphological diversity and the end Cretaceous extinction. Stephen L. Brusatte, Richard J. Butler, Albert Prieto-Márquez, Mark A.

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1 Supplementary Information For: Dinosaur morphological diversity and the end Cretaceous extinction Stephen L. Brusatte, Richard J. Butler, Albert Prieto-Márquez, Mark A. Norell - Supplementary Figures S1-S3 - Supplementary Tables S1-S2 - Supplementary Methods - Supplementary References

2 Supplementary Figure S1. Rarefaction plots showing how global Campanian- Maastrichtian sauropod disparity comparisons (Fig. 1) are affected by uneven sample size. Each plot shows the disparity value of Maastrichtian (triangles) and Campanian (square) sauropods calculated at ever smaller subsampled sample sizes, which permits comparison of disparity between groups at equal sample sizes for both time bins. Note that the general disparity increase from the Campanian to the Maastrichtian for sauropods is recovered at all sample sizes down to a common size of two. Supplementary Figure S2. Four disparity metrics compared in late Campanian and Maastrichtian pachycephalosaurs, both including and excluding the controversial Dracorex (which may be a separate taxon or a juvenile of Pachycephalosaurus). From left to right, the plots depict sum of ranges, product of ranges, sum of variances, and product of variances. LCamp refers to the disparity of late Campanian taxa, Maast to the disparity of Maastrichtian taxa, and Maast* to the disparity of Maastrichtian taxa minus Dracorex. The boxes represent the extent of 95% error bars and the horizontal line inside the box is the disparity measure for the group in question. The overlap or non-overlap of the error bars denotes statistical significance. In this case, none of the comparisons are significantly different. Late Campanian and Maastrichtian disparity are indistinguishable from each other (regardless of whether Dracorex is included in the Maastrichtian calculations), and the alternate Maastrichtian calculations (with and without Dracorex) are statistically indistinguishable.

3 Supplementary Figure S3. Results of supplementary disparity analysis, showing Campanian and Maastrichtian disparity trends in five dinosaur clades on both global and regional scales. Disparity is based on four metrics (sum of ranges, product of ranges, sum of variances, product of variances on principal component axes representing overall morphology). Each plot contains either one or three sets of comparisons between late Campanian (C) and Maastrichtian (M) disparity values. For tyrannosauroids only global disparity measures are presented and for ceratopsids only North American disparity measures are presented, but for coelurosaurs, pachycephalosaurs, and hadrosauroids the disparity of global, Asian, and North American taxon sets are shown. Boxes represent 95% error bars, with horizontal line within the box representing the disparity measure. Statistical significance of disparity comparisons is indicated by the non-overlap of error bars. Sauropods and ankylosaurs are not shown here because their Campanian-Maastrichtian comparisons are reported in Figure 1 in the main text (see discussion above for why this is the case). Silhouettes courtesy of Scott Hartman (

4 Supplementary Table S1. Temporal, locality, and geographic data for the taxa analyzed here. Taxon Time Bin Formation 1 Continent 2 Coelurosaurs Oviraptor philoceratops LCampanian Djadokhta Fm. Asia Conchoraptor gracilis LCampanian Nemegt Fm. 3 Asia Mahakala omnogovae LCampanian Djadokhta Fm. Asia Citipati osmolskae LCampanian Djadokhta Fm. Asia Velociraptor mongoliensis LCampanian Djadokhta Fm. Asia Tsaagan mangas LCampanian Djadokhta Fm. Asia Shuvuuia deserti LCampanian Djadokhta Fm. Asia Saurornithoides mongoliensis LCampanian Djadokhta Fm. Asia Byronosaurus jaffei LCampanian Djadokhta Fm. Asia Daspletosaurus torosus LCampanian Oldman Fm. NA (1) Horseshoe Can. Fm. Rinchenia mongoliensis Maastrichtian Nemegt Fm. Asia Adasaurus mongoliensis Maastrichtian Nemegt Fm. Asia Rahonavis ostromi Maastrichtian Maevarano Fm. Madagascar Tyrannosaurus rex Maastrichtian Hell Creek Fm. NA (3) Anserimimus laninychus Maastrichtian Nemegt Fm. Asia Balaur bondoc Maastrichtian Sebes Fm. Europe Ingenia yanshini Maastrichtian Nemegt Fm. Asia Mononykus olecranus Maastrichtian Nemegt Fm. Asia Gallimimus bullatus Maastrichtian Nemegt Fm. Asia Zanabazar junior Maastrichtian Nemegt Fm. Asia Chirostenotes elegans LCamp-Maast Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1-3) Hell Creek Fm. Two Medicine Fm. Horseshoe Can. Fm. Dromaeosaurus albertensis LCamp-Maast Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1-3) Judith River Fm. Scollard Fm. Saurornitholestes langstoni LCamp-Maast Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1-3) Oldman Fm. Judith River Fm. Scollard Fm. Struthiomimus altus LCamp-Maast Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1,2) Horseshoe Can. Fm. Troodon formosus LCamp-Maast Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1-3) Hell Creek Fm. Judith River Fm. Two Medicine Fm. Albertosaurus sarcophagus LCamp-Maast 4 Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (2,3) Horseshoe Can. Fm. Ornithomimus edmontonicus LCamp-Maast Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1-3)

5 Lance Fm. Horseshoe Can. Fm. Avimimus portentosus LCamp-Maast Djadokhta Fm.? Asia Nemegt Fm.? Tyrannosauroids Appalachiosaurus Campanian Demopolis Chalk NA (1) montgomeriensis Bistahieversor sealeyi Campanian Kirtland Fm. NA (1) Teratophoneus curriei Campanian Kaiparowits Fm. NA (1) Gorgosaurus libratus Campanian Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1) Daspletosaurus torosus LCampanian Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1) Oldman Fm. Dryptosaurus aquilunguis Maastrichtian New Egypt Fm. NA (3) Alioramus altai Maastrichtian Nemegt Fm. Asia Tarbosaurus bataar Maastrichtian Nemegt Fm. Asia Tyrannosaurus rex Maastrichtian Hell Creek Fm. NA (3) Albertosaurus sarcophagus LCamp-Maast 4 Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (2,3) Horseshoe Can. Fm. Pachycephalosaurs Stegoceras validum LCampanian Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1) Gravitholus albertae LCampanian Oldman Fm. NA (1) Colepiocephale lambei LCampanian Foremost Fm. NA Texacephale langstoni LCampanian Aguja Fm. NA (2) Hanssuesia sternbergi LCampanian Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1) Sphaerotholus brevis LCampanian Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1) Sphaerotholus goodwini LCampanian Kirtland Fm. NA (1) Alaskacephale gangloffi LCampanian Prince Creek Fm. NA (2) Sphaerotholus edmontonensis Maastrichtian Horseshoe Can. Fm. NA (2) Sphaerotholus bucholtzae Maastrichtian Hell Creek Fm. NA (3) Stygimoloch spinifer Maastrichtian Hell Creek Fm. NA (3) Dracorex hogwartsi Maastrichtian Hell Creek Fm. NA (3) Pachycephalosaurus Maastrichtian Hell Creek Fm. NA (3) wyomingensis Tylocephale gilmorei LCampanian Barun Goyot Fm. Asia Prenocephale prenes Maastrichtian Nemegt Fm. Asia Homalocephale calathocercosmaastrichtian Nemegt Formation Asia Goyocephale lattimorei LCampanian Unnamed unit Asia Wannanosaurus yansiensis LCamp-Maast Xiaoyan Formation Asia Ceratopsids Albertaceratops nesmoi LCampanian Oldman Fm. NA (1) Centrosaurus apertus LCampanian Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1) Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai LCampanian Wapiti Fm. NA (2) Chasmosaurus russelli LCampanian Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1) Chasmosaurus belli LCampanian Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1)

6 Mojoceratops perifania LCampanian Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1) Agujaceratops mariscalenis LCampanian Aguja Fm. NA (2) Utahceratops gettyi LCampanian Kaiparowits Fm. NA (1) Pentaceratops sternbergii LCampanian Fruitland Fm. NA (1) Kirtland Fm. Coahuilaceratops LCampanian Cerro del Pueblo Fm. NA (2) magnacuerna Kosmoceratops richardsoni LCampanian Kaiparowits Fm. NA (1) Vagaceratops irvinensis LCampanian Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1) Anchiceratops ornatus LCampanian Horseshoe Can. Fm. NA (2) Arrhinoceratops brachyops LCampanian Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (2) Ojoceratops fowleri Maastrichtian Ojo Alamo Fm. NA (3) Eotriceratops xerinsularis Maastrichtian Horseshoe Can. Fm. NA (3) Torosaurus latus Maastrichtian Hell Creek Fm. NA (3) Torosaurus utahensis Maastrichtian North Horn Fm. NA (3) Nedoceratops hatchery Maastrichtian Laramie Fm. NA (3) Triceratops horridus Maastrichtian Hell Creek Fm. NA (3) Triceratops prorsus Maastrichtian Laramie Fm. NA (3) Hadrosauroids Bactrosaurus johnsoni LCamp-Maast Iren Dabasu Fm. Asia Gilmoreosaurus mongoliensislcamp-maast Iren Dabasu Fm. Asia Lophorothon atopus ECampanian Mooresville Chalk NA Tanius sinensis ECampanian Jiangjun Fm. Asia Telmatosaurus Maastrichtian Sampetru Fm. Europe transsylvanicus Amurosaurus riabinini Maastrichtian Udurchukan Fm. Asia Edmontosaurus annectens Maastrichtian Hell Creek Fm. NA (3) Aralosaurus tuberiferus ECampanian Bostobe Fm. Asia Barsboldia sicinskii Maastrichtian Nemegt Fm. Asia Brachylophosaurus LCampanian Judith River Fm. NA (1) canadensis Charonosaurus jiayinensis Maastrichtian Yuliangze Fm. Asia Corythosaurus casuarius LCampanian Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1) Corythosaurus intermedius LCampanian Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1) Edmontosaurus regalis Maastrichtian Hell Creek Fm. NA (2) Gryposaurus notabilis LCampanian Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1) Gryposaurus latidens ECampanian Two Medicine Fm. NA Gryposaurus monumentensis LCampanian Kaiparowits Fm. NA (1) Hadrosaurus foulkii ECampanian Woodbury Fm. NA Hypacrosaurus altispinus Maastrichtian Horseshoe Canyon Fm. NA (2) Hypacrosaurus stebingeri LCampanian Two Medicine Fm. NA (1) Kerberosaurus manakini Maastrichtian Tsagayan Fm. Asia Pararhabdodon isonensis Maastrichtian Tremp Fm. Europe Kritosaurus navajovius LCampanian Kirtland Fm. NA (1) Secernosaurus koerneri LCamp-Maast Los Alamitos Fm. SA

7 "Sabinas OTU" LCampanian Olmos Fm. NA (1) Lambeosaurus lambei LCampanian Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1) Lambeosaurus LCampanian Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1) magnicristatus Lambeosaurus laticaudus LCampanian El Gallo Fm. NA (1) Maiasaura peeblesorum LCampanian Two Medicine Fm. NA (1) Nipponosaurus sachalinensis ECampanian Upper Yezo Group Asia Olorotitan ararhensis Maastrichtian Udurchukan Fm. Asia Parasaurolophus walkeri LCampanian Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1) Parasaurolophus tubicen LCampanian Kirtland Fm. NA (1) Parasaurolophus LCampanian Kaiparowits Fm. NA (1) cyrtocristatus Fruitland Fm. Prosaurolophus maximus LCampanian Dinosaur Park Fm. NA (1) Sahaliyania elunchunorum Maastrichtian Yuliangze Fm. Asia Saurolophus osborni Maastrichtian Horseshoe Can. Fm. NA (2) Saurolophus angustirostris Maastrichtian Nemegt Fm. Asia Shantungosaurus giganteus ECampanian Xingezhuang Fm. Asia Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus ECampanian Jingangkou Fm. Asia Velafrons coahuilensis LCampanian Cerro del Pueblo Fm. NA (1) Wulagasaurus dongi Maastrichtian Yuliangze Fm. Asia Big Bend UTEP OTU LCamp-Maast Aguja Formation NA (2) Acristavus gagslarsoni 5 ECampanian Wahweap Fm. NA Two Medicine Fm. Willinaqake salitralensis LCamp-Maast Allen Fm. SA Sauropods Aeolosaurus Camp-Maast Angostura Colorada Fm. SA Los Alamitos Fm. Alamosaurus Maastrichtian Kirtland Fm. (and others) NA Ampelosaurus Camp-Maast Grès à Reptiles Fm. Europe Antarctosaurus Camp-Maast Bajo Barreal Fm. Anacleto Fm. (and others) SA Isisaurus Maastrichtian Lameta Fm. India Jainosaurus Maastrichtian Lameta Fm. India Lirainosaurus Campanian Vitoria Fm. Europe Sierra Perenchiza Fm. Magyarosaurus Maastrichtian Sânpetru, Sard, Europe Densus-Ciula Fms. Nemegtosaurus Maastrichtian Nemegt Fm. Asia Neuquensaurus Campanian Anacleto, Rio Colorado Fms. SA Opisthocoelicaudia Maastrichtian Nemegt Fm. Asia Quaesitosaurus Campanian Barun Goyot Fm. Asia Rapetosaurus Maastrichtian Maevarano Fm. Madagascar Rocasaurus Campanian Allen Fm. SA Saltasaurus Camp-Maast Lecho, Allen Fms. SA Malagasy_Taxon_B Maastrichtian Maevarano Fm. Madagascar

8 Trigonosaurus 6 Maastrichtian Marília Fm. SA Ankylosaurs Ankylosaurus magniventris Maastrichtian Hell Creek Fm. NA Antarctopelta oliveroi Campanian Santa Marta Fm. Ant. Dyoplosaurus Campanian Dinosaur Park Fm. NA acutosquameus Edmontonia spp. Camp-Maast Dinosaur Park Fm. NA Hell Creek Fm. Euoplocephalus tutus Camp-Maast Dinosaur Park Fm. NA Horseshoe Can. Fm. Nodocephalosaurus Campanian Kirtland Fm. NA kirtlandensis Panoplosaurus mirus Campanian Dinosaur Park Fm. NA Pinacosaurus grangeri Campanian Wangshi & Djadokhta Fms. Asia Pinacosaurus Campanian Bayan Mandahu Fm. Asia mephistocephalus Saichania chulsanensis Campanian Barun Goyot Fm. Asia Struthiosaurus austriacus Camp-Maast Gosau & Sanpetru Fms. Europe Struthiosaurus Campanian Unnamed unit Europe languedocensis Tarchia gigantea Camp-Maast Barun Goyot Fm. Asia Nemegt Fm. Notes: 1: If a taxon is known from multiple formations we list its type formation and/or the formation(s) from which most specimens are known. See the PBDB for further details. 2: Numbers (1,2,3) for the North American taxa refer to the assignment of these taxa to three time bins in the three-bin analysis (1: Ma; 2: Ma; 3: Ma) 3: We regard Conchoraptor as Campanian in age. Although its type specimen is from the Nemegt Formation, which we mostly regard as Maastrichtian, Conchoraptor has long been described as coming from the part of the Nemegt Formation that is likely Campanian in age, and this is the age assessment included in the PBDB. 4: We consider the range of Albertosaurus to extend into the late Campanian based on the recent discussion of Albertosaurus fossil discoveries in Alberta presented by Tanke and Currie (2010) 71. 5: In the original Prieto-Márquez (2010) study, Acristavus gagslarsoni is referred to as the Two Medicine OTU and Willinaqake salitralensis as the Salitral Moreno OTU. 6: In the original Curry Rogers (2005) study, Trigonosaurus is referred to as the Brazil Series B taxon. Also, a terminal taxon called Jabalpur indet. that was included in the analysis of Curry Rogers (2005) is now referred to Jainosaurus (Wilson et al. 2009) 72.

9 Supplementary Table S2. PCO scores for all taxa on the significant axes used for disparity calculations (those explaining 90% of total variance in each taxon-specific PCO analysis). The four disparity calculations measure the range and variance of these scores for various temporal and geographic sets of taxa. Morphospace plots can be constructed by graphically plotting various PC axes against each other (e.g., PC1 vs. PC2 scores). Coelurosaurs Ingenia,19.3,2.28,-0.15,3.18,3.63,-6.21,6.49,-1.47,4.55,6.67,-2.6,-3.53,-0.05,0.63,-8.16,- 6.97,-0.83,6.7,2.3,7.53,2.03 Citipati,15.8,-1.11,0.96,1.8,0.94,-3.17,-0.1,-5.81,-8.38,-1.28,-24.07,-2.27,-1.66,- 2.01,6.59,-4.09,0.44,0.13,-1.66,0.07,2.64 Rinchenia,21.72,3.93,4.26,-0.91,1.41,5.43,-4.49,0.88,3.13,0.25,3.46,3.7,7.73,-3.74,9.27,- 1.37,2.37,1.81,3.72,-7.1,-2.28 Oviraptor,21.97,-3.51,1.97,-2.09,1,5.7,-4.67,4.7,4.91,0.8,1.24,-0.09,-6.68,1.01,- 3.79,0.82,-2.23,-0.66,-12.24,4.61,-0.91 Conchoraptor,15.45,2.44,-0.7,2.86,0.72,-4.1,2.36,-8.35,-1.97,-1.4,3.52,16, ,6.46,2.23,8.27,2.14,-4.27,10.5,-2.18,-0.04 Chirostenotes,13.4,2.95,0.1,3.42,0.76,-7.76,1.81,1.4,-15.67,-0.17,6.82,-5.83,15.39,-2.61,- 2.35,9.41,-0.48,-10.17,-1.92,1.8,-1.2 Dromaeosaurus,-11.02,-15.23,8.97,0.97,2.5,5.22,7.83,12.81,1.65,-4.03,- 8.1,9.97,5.92,1.93,-7.12,3.72,0.53,-1.68,7.11,1.26,-0.23 Velociraptor,-2.67,-14.52,-0.07,-11.11,1.52,-0.25,11.44,1.91,3.54,6.54,6.66,-8.8,-2.76,- 2.07,14.49,-3.03,2.43,-4.29,8.39,9.09,3.52 Adasaurus,-10.48,-14.01,-2.7,1.04,2.73,-10.01,8.18,-4.83,-3.2,-9.29,-1.85,1.82,1.94,- 2.85,1.5,-3.9,-0.43,3.08,-2.76,-8.29,-0.85 Tsaagan,-10.33,-9.44,7.52,-20.63,-5.95,-0.36,-5.99,-9.68,2.82,-3.99,-1.09,-2.81,2.45,- 1.59,-3.39,0.52,-0.74,1.56,1.62,-4.3,-0.59 Saurornitholestes-2.9,-10.28,3.97,-8.26,-1.98,-9.48,9.77,-2.38,-9.15,3.27,7.54,6.94,- 4.07,2.8,-5.73,-2.12,-1.69,5.31,-9.96,3.92,0.99 Rahonavis,1.88,-16.17,1.97,-0.81,0.63,15.9,-16.34,-10.04,-4.44,-0.32,2.29,-2.32,- 0.53,2.45,-7.17,0.36,0.37,-0.95,4.19,5.92,-0.19 Mononykus,-1.76,2.25,-2.3,12.43,-25.21,-0.77,2.35,1.43,-3.67,4.35,2.76,-4.44,- 5.1,2.13,0.32,-4.53,0.55,2.63,2.8,-3.75, Shuuvia,-2.3,0.47,-3.91,9.55,-25.26,5.12,2.41,-0.03,7.68,-2.53,-1.93,4.23,7.18,- 3.19,0.05,2.42,-0.81,0.01,-1.65,4.98,12.02 Avimimus,9.48,3.72,-3.7,3.44,3.12,-1.62,-0.65,9.51,1.72,-23.35,7.53,-8.32,-5.4,1.78,- 2.28,-4.6,-0.56,2.37,2.99,-2.11,4.97 Struthiomimus,-5.93,17.67,6.97,-2.57,3.8,10.01,6.05,2.37,-2.68,1.49,0.2,3.2,-5.61, ,-2.69,-3.14,-16.57,-5.28,2.3,-0.44,-1.96 Gallimimus,-6.24,17.7,5.75,-2.8,4.13,10.58,7.33,2.81,-3.74,1.36,-0.52,-1.7,-2.63,-6.4,- 3.8,4.75,19.99,7.22,-1.78,-0.11,-0.24 Troodon,-2.53,2.34,-17.67,4.79,9.1,-1.3,-5.52,0.45,-1.12,10.69,4.79,4.71,7.68,-0.77,- 3.82,-7.76,-1.98,9.58,6.13,-5.17,5.37 Saurornithoides,-8.86,1.25,-17.97,5,6.27,-2.25,4.32,-4.47,5.39,0.55,-6.38,-10.73,- 2.02,2.4,-8.31,6.73,-1.05,-4.22,5.4,1.41,-6.12

10 Zanabazar,-10.93,4.5,-17.95,2.93,6.18,-1.91,-5.58,-2.35,5.1,-7.53,0.49,10.22,3.25,- 4.25,7.44,-1.9,2.71,-1.27,-6.67,11.84,-9.14 Byronosaurus,-15.49,1.53,-14.86,1.41,-0.24,3.79,-7.16,7.04,-11.35,4.68,-1.02,-1.55,- 9.08,3.37,4.64,3.04,-0.28,-3.93,-4.04,-3.58,10.41 Tyrannosaurus,-7.76,2.64,14.34,6.73,2.29,-13.75,-9.77,5.72,7.71,5.73,-0.29,1.43,- 1.73,0.12,-4.53,-9.61,7.72,-14.74,-1.09,-2.26,1.64 Albertosaurus,-7.81,2.8,14.55,6.87,3.57,-12.78,-9.51,6.25,5.18,3.16,-1.25,-3.33,- 1.64,0.22,5.4,14.49,-6.76,12,0.74,2.73,-0.07 Daspletosaurus,-9.47,-11.26,14.7,17.74,6.74,7.35,-2.87,-5.96,-4.16,-0.65,3.66,-3.04,- 0.13,-2.03,5.52,-3.98,0.19,2.58,-2.6,-1.26,-2.4 Ornithomimus,-7.07,17.6,7.16,-4,3.43,9.05,5.5,1.3,-0.35,-0.39,-1.87,- 0.52,7.12,21.54,4.48,-4.64,-4.49,-0.49,-2.51,0.83,-1.87 Anserimimus,-6.63,22.96,2.88,-12.91,-5.03,-7.68,-4.1,-13.17,2.82,-2.46,1.55,-1.55,0.99,- 0.56,-0.56,0.24,0.31,-0.44,0.63,0,3.53 Maha,5.27,-7.9,-5.62,2.33,4.58,6.33,8.55,-5.53,14.18,5.1,1.88,-2.32,0.35,0.4,0.86,6.77,- 1.06,-3.84,-9.75,-11.61,0.9 Balaur,5.95,-5.59,-8.5,-20.41,-5.38,-1.07,-7.64,15.47,-0.49,2.74,-3.41,0.91,0.57,- 0.72,0.93,0.09,0.19,1.25,-0.18,-3.83,-6.7 Tyrannosauroids Dryptosaurus,3.4,-7.73,-2.95,-2.93,2.2,-1.03 Appalachiosaurus,6.68,-0.22,0.49,-4.94,0,-5.07 Albertosaurus,4.55,3.52,-5.77,3.72,-0.34,1.77 Gorgosaurus,5.29,3.38,-4.83,1.89,-1.37,0.03 Alioramus,2.39,-7.69,3.5,3.35,-3.89,3.72 Daspletosaurus,-6.3,-0.65,2.39,6.85,3.44,-5.13 Tarbosaurus,-10.99,0.23,-1.88,-2.81,-0.95,0.84 Tyrannosaurus,-10.63,1.02,-1.52,-2.61,-0.75,1.57 Bistahieversor,3.59,3.15,4.56,-1.49,6.63,4.6 Teratophoneus,2.02,4.98,6.03,-1.02,-4.96,-1.31 Pachycephalosaurs Colepiocephale_lambei,-5.11,1.79,-1.67,-0.91,0.41,3.19,-0.19,1.05,-0.98,-0.66,0.5 Gravitholus_albertae,-5.57,0.54,-1.01,1.29,-1.6,1.74,2.02,-0.25,-1.18,1.45,0.74 Stegoceras_validum,-3.82,-1.44,-1.74,1.63,-3.47,-2.07,-1.75,-1.43,0.11,0.74,-0.17 Texacephale_langstoni,-3.84,-0.75,-2.44,-1.51,1.39,-0.24,-1.56,0.96,2.9,-0.81,-0.41 Hanssuesia_sternbergi,-2.96,-0.18,0.16,-1.02,2.23,-3.94,2.11,-2.38,0.07,-0.9,0.39 Sphaerotholus_brevis,-0.37,-1.21,2.55,2.11,0.64,-1.36,-3.08,2.53,-1.28,0.58,-1.34 Sphaerotholus_goodwini,0.39,-1.86,2.26,-3.1,-1.3,0.13,2.74,0.89,0.1,1.26,-3.55 Sphaerotholus_edmontonense,1.51,-4.91,2.62,-0.63,-0.47,1.66,-1.01,-1.44,0.22,-1.05,0.02 Sphaerotholus_buchholtzae,1.36,-3.18,2.71,-2.28,-2.7,-0.22,0.16,1.43,0.77,-0.11,3.23 Alaskacephale_gangloffi,2.03,-2.14,-0.43,3.58,-0.39,0.96,-0.19,-2.25,0.24,-0.63,-0.96 Pachycephalosaurus_wyomingensis,3.26,-1.22,-1.24,4.1,1.16,1.23,2.58,1.13,1.58,- 0.16,0.39 Prenocephale_prenes,1.49,0.14,2.55,-0.98,3.47,0.69,-0.61,-1.57,-1.18,1.76,1.54 Tylocephale_gilmorei,-1.01,0.75,0.81,0.02,3,0.02,0.04,1.2,0.74,-1.99,-0.32

11 Homalocephale_calathocercos,1.09,4.7,1.57,-0.54,0.84,1.21,-1.41,-1.49,1.33,2.26,-0.57 Goyocephale_lattimorei,1.73,4.6,1.83,-0.37,-2.04,0.29,-0.04,-0.64,-2.04,-3.26,-0.51 Wannanosaurus_yansiensis,1.47,4.54,1.71,1.79,-1.08,-2.37,0.92,1.74,0.5,0.78,0.92 Stygimoloch_spinifer,3.11,-2.41,-5.2,-0.95,1.62,-1.01,0,0.99,-3.02,0.62,0.12 Dracorex_hogwartsi,5.26,2.26,-5.05,-2.22,-1.7,0.11,-0.74,-0.47,1.12,0.1,-0.02 Ceratopsids Albertaceratops,-5.83,4.6,-0.19,-0.09,0.02,-0.73,1.26,6.1,-0.77,-1.14,-0.36,1.6,1.15,- 0.21,0.13 Centrosaurus,-7.15,5.44,-0.43,0.33,0.43,-1.22,-2.22,-1.71,1.65,-2.15,0.62,-3.78,-0.6,1.5, Pachyrhinosaurus,-6.53,5.74,0.67,-0.41,0.47,1.11,0.76,-3.86,-0.71,3,-0.99,2.79,-0.5,- 1.21,0.3 Chasmosaurus_belli,-1.77,-3.82,-5,0.38,1.77,2.71,-1.04,0.82,0.64,1.24,0.36,-0.43,-0.58,- 0.2,2.73 Chasmosaurus_russelli,-1.9,-3.76,-5.06,-0.07,1.09,2.65,-1.05,0.71,0.43,1.06,0.69,- 0.07,0.6,-0.04,-2.72 Mojoceratops,-1.71,-3.35,-3.29,-1.56,-3.47,-2.7,1.1,-1.41,-4.68,-1.36,-1.19,-1.05,0.55,- 1.37,0.41 Vagaceratops,-0.5,-3.96,0.34,5.58,1.33,-0.41,-0.25,-1.66,1.46,-4.18,-1.44,2.78,0.14,- 0.31,0.2 Kosmoceratops,-1.29,-3.13,3.6,4.78,3.86,-1.71,2.42,0.52,-1.77,2.62,1.14,- 2.28,0.51,0.16,0.1 Agujaceratops,-1.44,-3.89,-0.62,-1.15,-2.18,-2.85,1.77,-0.27,1.37,1.07,1.54,2.2,- 1.22,3.78,-0.85 Utahceratops,-1.5,-3.79,3.55,-4.49,0.27,0.42,-0.76,-1.01,1.41,-0.19,0.28,-0.13,4.79,- 0.02,-0.52 Pentaceratops,-1.16,-3.75,3.51,-4.56,1.53,-0.22,-0.03,1.39,1.38,-0.69,-1.68,-0.42,-3.36,- 1.4,1.06 Coahuilaceratops,1.69,-3,0.72,-0.8,-0.41,-0.6,-0.13,-0.31,0.28,0.59,-0.19,-0.75,-2.09,- 1.06,-1.14 Anchiceratops,0.16,-0.55,4.15,1.55,-3.34,3.09,-3.84,0.75,-3.2,-0.23,1.79,0.55,-1.21,1.2, Arrhinoceratops,1.52,0.97,1.06,2.79,-5.06,0.02,-0.22,0.97,3.13,2.23,-1.39,-0.43,0.62,- 1.45,0.19 Ojoceratops,3.67,1.8,-1.5,1.7,-1.67,-2.18,-1.03,0.37,1.21,0.67,-0.32,-1.2,0.41,-1.19,-0.64 Torosaurus_latus,2.91,2.55,-0.36,-0.82,-1.49,1.85,3.99,-0.87,1.09,-1.81,4.32,-0.3,-0.21,- 1.01,1.57 Torosaurus_utahensis,3.75,3.26,-0.23,-0.52,0.15,2.9,2.98,-0.04,-0.43,-0.51,-3.36,-1.27,- 0.65,2.42,-1.59 Eotriceratops,3.39,-0.05,0.89,0.22,0.53,2.28,0.51,-0.48,-0.96,-0.55,-1.44,- 0.48,1.59,0.78,1.33 Nedoceratops,3.37,3,0.22,-0.63,2.52,-0.32,-0.58,0.02,-0.69,-0.87,1.6,0.83,-0.56,-2.23, Triceratops_horridus,5.15,2.79,-1.02,-1.16,1.97,-1.85,-1.69,-0.11,- 0.62,0.34,0.22,1.04,0.13,0.81,-0.01

12 Triceratops_prorsus,5.16,2.89,-1,-1.05,1.67,-2.25,-1.95,0.1,-0.23,0.87,- 0.2,0.79,0.5,1.05,2.44 Hadrosauroids Bactrosaurus,-13.35,-23,25.31,0.87,-0.49,-6.28,-4.28,-0.31,5.9,15.32,15.73,-1.64,7.98,- 2.37,-5.59,4.84,11.72,10.12,-0.43,-8.1,5.96,-20.09,-14.21,-15.8,5.71,-2.63,-2.01,- 5.15,3.58,5.94,1.74,5.71,0.08,-0.46,0.97,-3.68,1.56 Gilmoreosaurus,-13.38,-16.4,29.1,-2.2,2.05,-1.99,-6.8,6.07,-0.64,0.98,-1.27,- 0.98,2.47,6.46,-3.19,2.55,2.25,-6.38,14.14,-1.78,-3.06,15.03,6.67,14.98,-8.02,3.59,- 4.65,14.23,-6.78,8.49,2.32,9.08,1.16,3.74,-3,-1.77,-8.53 Tanius,-13.79,-18.8,17.31,7.45,1.82,1.66,12.05,-12.28,-0.72,0.62,-7.38,-1.81,-4.94,- 4.88,13.18,13.58,4.97,4.79,-2.08,5.26,-2.8,15.49,12.12,0.81,0.1,-1.85,5.44, ,7.43,1.15,-1.49,-3.88,-4.75,-0.28,4.07,4.56,14.91 Hadrosaurus,-6.03,4.16,-0.49,-24.29,21.05,-10.08,-23.22,-6.43,15.98,-2.19,-3.63,1.25,- 0.1,-4.91,4.75,-2.1,2.84,-2.62,-2.08,-2.03,1.97,-0.03,-0.83,2.97,1.32,0.1,-2.13,2.93,-0.91,- 2.22,0.94,-3.71,0.35,-1.04,1.39,-1.04,5.33 Telmatosaurus,-17.34,-23.19,7.17,-1.29,-10.44,18.72,12.72,14.08,-12.09, ,8.15,3.06,-1.12,-1.68,5.91,-9.95,-10,0.83,6.35,-1.19,-5.94,-5.98,0.99,- 4.32,3.51,3.14,-1.06,2.78,-1.65,-6.92,-0.37,-5.46,1.79,-2.4,2.36,-2.35,-3.4 Lophorhothon,-16.2,-8.16,17.43,-2.1,0.41,-8.11,-2.82,-2.17,-2.15,-1.92,-14.9,9.21,-1.81,- 0.41,-3.4,-17.74,-12.17,-5.21,-22.73,6.82,-2.8,-10.61,1.13,8.67,-6.17,0.35,7.7,-1.15,4.35, ,-5.28,-6.01,4.26,-1.08,-9.61,11.74,0.32 Wulagasaurus,-3.05,-11.63,-20.62,8.43,-0.14,-3.78,-1.65,-8.93,-11.8,13.5, ,8.18,14.32,-9.94,-9.24,6.17,-2.94,-1.85,-9.14,-10.87,4.32,4.78,6.67,- 5.75,3.59,6.93,7.01,6.69,-3.24,-2.05,4.72,12.53,-1.16,1.03,1.24,-9.79,-1.28 Sahaliyania,14.73,0.59,5.12,-0.9,-2.71,-6.46,0.57,7.85,2.92,1.61,8.48,-14.18,7.47,7.58, ,-10.09,-8.5,2.69,-12.97,-7.17,-6.34,14.76,-9.19,-5.41,1.42,7.31,8.53,-5.1,-7.1,- 0.21,-1.78,-14.95,-9.71,1.9,4.51,1.82,5.1 Amurosaurus,15.4,-1.46,1.75,-7.51,1.65,-0.89,5.41,2.93,2.7,-4.08,12.98,-14.51,- 3.97,0.2,4.35,0.16,-5.63,-4.4,-19.39,-2.6,13.01,-3.82,16.76,11.71,8.38,0.38,7.24,- 9.08,5.12,9.7,7.92,13.95,6.59,-0.79,-5.23,-6.54, Aralosaurus,-5.13,-17.33,-9.83,-3.83,9.62,3.63,-3.89,-1.58,9.91,-7.73,-12.27,-4.56,-9.57,- 0.04,-2.8,-0.51,-3.31,-13.11,5.21,-1.87,17.92,-0.83,-5.46,-8.33,8.46,-10.42,-5.43,-8.01,- 9.42,9.11,-1.01,-13.27,4.44,-1.29,-4.81,4.29,-1.93 Brachylophosaurus,-8.9,4.82,-6.15,5.52,0.6,-27.6,-1.63,13.12,-9.58,-13.53,-1.02,- 4.78,5.12,-4.78,-4.15,1.44,8.29,5.82,-0.95,-11.02,-12.57,-3.5,24.94,-8.75,2.14,-14.32, ,-0.94,-4.8,-0.39,-4.52,-5.25,2.4,-1.72,-0.56,1.74,-1.05 Maiasaura,-9.25,4.42,-4.87,4.54,-2.32,-27.64,-3.17,11.67,-10.28,-15.27,-1.51,-0.59,- 3.12,-0.76,12.97,4.52,2.55,-4.89,11.4,-0.93,10.41,1.16,-11.01,-5.25,3.86,23.92,19.71,- 0.41,8.56,-0.75,5.45,-2.42,0.6,1,0.6,1.06,0.3 TwoMed,-13.61,-11.37,-17,10.36,-2.27,-15.71,1.27,2.63,-2.68,-1.31,5.52,-5.62,- 3.53,6.15,-9.35,-0.07,-4.93,2.01,1.27,10.93,-0.79,8.41,-13.75,22.21,-7.11,-6.9,-8.7,- 1.01,3.38,10.58,-2.93,9.33,-1.58,-0.96,1.65,-2.68,8.83 Charonosaurus,11.19,-2.1,1.15,2.32,-5.89,-1.45,-7.55,1.26,-1.51,1.2,0.58,- 3.62,4.5,9.41,21.23,4.48,-12.76,-14.11,0.9,-17.33,-0.73,0.82,-9.05,-5.19,-13.2, ,2.96,-2.71,-13.73,-15.2,-6.87,12.41,-10.53,6.6,-1.7,1.45,-1.89

13 Corythosaurus_cas,20.04,-6.31,-2.15,-5.32,2.64,0.95,7.84,-8.79,-8.61,-0.01,1.4,- 0.17,0.7,-7.99,-1.82,-16.31,18.82,-10.09,2.96,2.43,-2.44,-0.03,-0.83,-0.83, ,0.93,2.69,-3.6,-2.99,2.27,-3.28,-2.63,16.17,31.02,7.2,-8.01,2.17 Corythosaurus_int,19.81,-6.32,-2.26,-5.75,2.8,0.78,7.37,-8.98,-10.06,1.44,0.76,0.6,1.59,- 6.14,-1.34,-15.1,17.25,-11.64,4.74,2.43,0.48,-0.95,1.68,-3.84,-14.31,3.71,1.67,1.2,- 3.68,6.37,0.67,3.04,-15.64,-31.97,-2.75,3.79,-2.54 Hypacrosaurus_ste,19.26,-2.66,1.72,-7.29,4.15,1.55,5.48,-7.47,-4.75,-5.19,-4.52,2.41,- 5.44,-12.58,-0.94,0.04,3.58,0.59,2.34,-11.18,-19.68,10.3,-18.66,7.4,27.48,-1.38,-8,- 0.99,5.69,-6.63,3.34,9.79,0.92,0.19,-10.38,8.7,-4.07 Hypacrosaurus_alt,18.3,-2.77,1.87,-6.28,1.95,1.77,7.21,-4.29,-4.07,-3.12,0.39,6.19, ,-16.08,-11,25.54,-12.56,8.87,-1.75,-15.03,3.35,-8.47,-1.98,6.91,-19.44,4.37,- 0.97,7.5,-0.78,1.35,-0.47,-11.02,0.04,-0.31,3.47,-0.47,-0.65 Lambeosaurus_lam,18.32,-5.74,-2.76,-7.68,5.67,1.12,2.32,-6.55,-8.69,1.26,- 4.61,5.4,22.1,13.4,8.07,0.51,-7.32,15.11,4.03,6.22,7.52,0.45,3.5,-0.39,2.26,-1.27,- 5.35,7.88,7.32,11.05,8.92,-12.67,-16.63,13.81,-6.77,10.99,-7.83 Lambeosaurus_mag,18.34,-4.84,-1.67,-7.36,7.29,-0.91,1.62,-4.59,-4.97,2.35,- 0.02,4.6,20.35,14.41,5.62,6.44,-5.97,8.31,4.15,2.15,-2.06,1.82,-2.25,5.85,1.46,- 1.22,3.51,-6.12,-0.27,-7.95,-9.42,-4.88,28.56,-18.77,6.95,-9.13,3.75 Edmontosaurus_ann,-10.28,11.92,-2.6,5.48,16.35,3.75,17.22,17.42,5.13,18.3,- 4.43,4.5,0.72,4.51,-0.63,-0.74,-2.58,-6.93,3.91,-4.62,-4.24,-3.38,1.77,3.75,-2.91,0.3,-0.5,- 9.89,-9.39,-2.6,31.7,0.12,4.61,-0.44,-0.18,5.26,9.66 Edmontosaurus_reg,-10.19,11.63,-2.33,3.56,16.69,4.13,16.15,16.75,6.8,17.81,- 1.78,6.84,1.57,-2.05,2.05,-0.68,-3.27,-11.61,1.18,-6.41,1.57,2.49,0.77,- 1.73,5.56,0.85,1.29,7.58,14.68,10.05,-30.43,-1.09,-4.34,1.41,-0.82,-2.87,-2.12 Kerberosaurus,-24.06,-4.14,-14.33,-7.97,15.31,5.3,-2.31,-3.26,9.03,4.77,12.58,- 9.18,0.58,-0.68,6.59,2.52,11.57,5.26,-3.82,1.7,-12.18,-3.04,3.84,6.11,- 4.23,9.31,2.08,11.46,2.71,-19.73,1.76,-6.52,-6.71,2.18,3.43,0.31,-8.53 Nipponosaurus,13.5,-1.69,0.23,4.4,3.8,0.8,-0.02,5.2,5.68,0.28,-6.87,-4.33,-10.44,18.29, ,15.92,10.76,-2.89,7.68,13.88,-6.26,-2.43,-0.97,-2.03,0.94,0.38,5.07,-8.7,-5.04,- 8.33,-5.34,-3.41,-3.1,-0.14,2.37,-0.35, Lambeosaurus_lat,21.32,0.68,-4.11,-2.49,3.55,-0.79,0.19,6.01,3.33,-0.57,10.19,-7.93,- 3.17,-2.79,6.97,-1.86,3.97,5.17,7.04,0.89,9.97,-4.77,2.68,6.24,-2.17,-5.66,- 0.23,2.86,1.21,-1.01,-3.17,-0.56,1.02,0.29,-11.45,8,19.88 Velafrons,15.3,-4.86,2.29,-4.47,1.39,-3.19,-2.95,-1.43,-4.66,2.55,-2.6,2.06,-12.62,6.22, ,-6.48,-9.56,-3.75,12.93,8.68,4.03,-7.86,11.54,-4.34,10.05,-13.38,5.74,7.77,17.63, ,5.73,8.85,-9.64,2.02,12.62,-8.89,9.69 Kritosaurus,-11.39,10.02,3.27,-8.06,-14.33,0.5,8.79,0.32,-1.15,-3.97,- 3,7.99,0.98,3.88,1.64,13.66,18.8,-3.34,-19.84,9.65,6.37,5.63,-6.58,0.44,7.2, ,10.95,14.01,-9.41,-0.21,2.52,-2.1,-3.68,-0.07,2.38,-3.56,5.33 Gryposaurus_not,-12.97,9.13,-2.28,-4.85,-18.98,4.93,4.41,-16.84,5.86,5.09,-7.4, ,2.35,2.66,-3.34,-0.62,-4.21,0.49,13.23,-4.81,-2.66, ,10.23,8.55,13.24,10.87,8.63,6.95,-16.84,4.94,-8.32,0.95,0.14,0.92,-2.99,3.23,10.13 Gryposaurus_lat,-9.8,6.26,-7.2,1.88,-12.21,4.43,-0.3,-8.63,4.51,3.32,-7.25,-19.49,- 4.14,5.99,4.44,-2.01,-2.36,-2.2,-0.13,-7.06,-13.11,2.84,-6.53,-12.68,-11.91, ,4.87,11.04,23.31,11.03,11,-5.53,13.19,-4.74,-1.21,1.59,-5.43

14 Gryposaurus_mon,-12.46,12.24,2.74,-11.59,-16.09,1.13,0.56,-7.68,10.95,-1.31,-7.98,- 4.11,9.55,-4.92,-3.23,1.39,-1.71,-3.17,2.36,-0.32,7.83,6.86,1.28,-0.79,-8.25,8.91,-18.09, ,12.43,-9.51,-1,4.41,-8.24,1.27,5.63,-5.53,-1.69 Olorotitan,15.29,-2.39,-1.26,-1.01,4.51,-0.77,0.55,0.33,-6.81,5.88,1.7,-9.34, ,7.67,14.15,4.19,-7.69,-1.85,-17.37,15.43,-8.68,-0.87,0.15,-16.86,2.51,17.25, ,5.09,-6.65,5.53,-2.56,7.33,-0.4,1.12,4.31,-1.79,9.95 Parasaurolophus_wal,13.75,-2.12,-0.88,8.92,-9.84,7.17,-20.21,13.3,4.68,9.09,-5.15,1.08,- 4.77,-13.71,15.85,-10.06,-0.31,8.98,-0.63,-1.33,-6.18,3.08,0.36,11.53,6.53,-4.62,5.42,- 5.08,-3.77,8.65,3.05,-13.29,-9.16,-3.73,14.13,-16.82,-2.32 Parasaurolophus_cyr,12.25,-2.18,2.8,16.23,-16.69,6.92,-8.75,10.47,3.42,4.77,-6.22,- 0.5,2.52,0.84,-2.33,-0.15,9.64,-6.82,-4.72,-0.69,16.48,0.49,-1.55,5.35,2.84,9.1,- 20.7,15.87,4.96,-12.81,3.75,-6.68,9.82,-3.32,-2.26,2.43,1.02 Parasaurolophus_tub,11.62,-6.67,-9.25,1.32,-10.08,10.58,-20.08,15.03,5.43,6.18,- 8.56,8.3,-1.36,-2.9,-5.19,4.62,5.97,10.44,0.93,6.82,-9.12,-1.66,6.8,-6.27,- 6.81,3.93,11.08,-8.91,2.7,4.3,-5.53,12.56,5.22,3.65,-12.19,15.98,1.47 Prosaurolophus,-12.46,10.63,-1.17,9.47,9.79,12.6,-4.36,-8.05,-5.35,-6.07,1.61,5.58, ,19.71,-1.5,-14.05,8.91,22.02,-3.4,-19.22,13.09,12.16,2.53,-3.05,-1.91,2.82,1.14,- 1.32,-1.17,-3.05,-3.22,6.84,0.8,-0.73,-2.77,-2.62,2.5 Secernosaurus,-12.08,4.21,-3.64,-6.44,-11.02,-5.85,-1.6,-11.63,-3.29,12.41,8.82,19.26, ,1.98,0.58,-2.42,-6.87,-4.4,7.22,3.42,0.35,9.61,5.7,-9.32,6.51,1.59,-5.1,-3.41,- 8.08,3.92,1.76,-10.34,6.15,-0.65,-2.33,-0.19,-9.67 Salitral,-9.35,7.88,-10.29,-4.3,-15.09,-10.22,-4.03,-6.67,-3.42,14.46,23.35,13.47,- 4.87,0.53,1.78,-2.5,-3.6,0.06,1.52,4.55,-1.47,-3.51,-2.41,6.43,-1.65,-3.98,-1.17,- 3.72,0.74,-1,-1.11,-0.16,0.43,0.42,-3.48,6.68,-2.69 UTEP,-12.49,-1.03,-17.51,-26.77,-8.51,17.97,5.57,17.47,-0.51,-14.12,4.61,4.26,6.58,- 0.68,-4.51,3.27,1.63,0.5,-1.42,0.32,2.25,1.89,-1.67,-1.92,-1.2,-0.6,-1.34,-3.89,1.7,2.69,- 0.14,4.75,-2.08,0.61,1.6,-0.79,5.22 Saurolophus_osb,-8.28,12.3,2.28,14.44,10.94,14.98,-16.51,-7.47,-9.74,-9.27,10.8,- 0.32,7.88,-5.93,-4.78,4.46,-3.87,-10.48,-1.44,2.02,2.3,-0.89,0.61,0.69,4.16,- 1.75,0.9,0.04,-0.1,6.81,-0.26,4.5,3.52,-0.78,26.63,23.47,-1.27 Saurolophus_ang,-8.15,12.52,2.58,16.87,10.07,14.83,-14.14,-7.37,-11.94,-7.58,10.73,- 2.86,6.87,-5.06,-6.2,8.62,-3.55,-10.58,1.03,8.73,-4.57,-1.37,0.07,-1.87,-0.09,-1.02,1.32,- 5.12,2.56,-1.3,1.98,-8.09,-3.61,1.08,-26.67,-19.85,6.14 Shantungosaurus,-8.97,9.63,1.93,4.55,7.4,-1.66,8.47,2.48,1.25,3.54,-3.81,-13.01,2.08, ,-0.14,-7.09,-9.99,19.58,6.23,19.56,11.56,8.77,-7.17,-9.74,-4.09,-7.96,1.65,5.74, ,-9.08,-1.76,8.01,5.04,-0.99,-2.14,1, Pararhabdodon,14.51,1.5,-6.08,27.12,-5.52,-2.78,16.44,-8.88,16.37,-5.81,7.19,3.75,3.89,- 1.76,4.64,-1.71,4.9,-0.17,-0.99,-1.62,2.23,-4.82,1.92,4.72,2.24,-1.17,0.19,-4.51,2.11,- 6.81,-2.68,-5.13,-3.48,2.25,0.18,6.91,-4.53 Tsintaosaurus,7.93,-1.09,1.37,9.08,0.8,-3.21,3.82,-6.15,33.67, ,3.33,18.81,5.17,0.93,-1.29,-3.71,-7.73,0.86,0.94,3.41,-9.29,-0.17,1.5,-8.28,- 3.03,4.64,1.17,10.12,-3.69,8.19,4.74,9.37,0.87,-1.03,1,-8.61,3.31 Sabinosaur,-11.86,11.41,-2.96,4.79,4.42,0.8,2.54,-3.18,-9.75,-5.84,-17.51,3.51,- 1.24,6.88,1.84,-3.85,3.3,8.06,-1.66,1.77,-4.31,-24.31,-12.58,8.52,-1.58,0.28,-7.81,-6.22,- 2.77,8.35,-1.54,4.36,-5.26,1.75,4.58,-7.41,-5.54

15 Barsboldia,13.98,42.31,26.27,-7.86,-4.07,-1.62,1.72,5.21,-4.28,-1.09,-0.98,3.14,0.92,- 1.5,0.44,0.89,1.7,1.93,3.24,0.11,-1.67,0.07,0.48,-1.09,- 1.48,0.17,0.11,0.63,1.34,2.88,0.45,1.17,1.51,-0.58,0,-0.24,0.73 Ankylosaurs Ankylosaurus_marginoventris,-5.13,2.05,-0.19,-11.99,8.86,3.4,1.29,-6.06,4.57 Antarctopelta_oliveroi,-3.83,-14.46,-1.13,-6.36,0.51,-3.79,0.54,2.02,-0.8 Edmontonia,11.63,-7.96,-9.75,0.65,1.41,-3.91,0.35,4.42,-0.67 Euoplocephalus_tutus,-6.38,1.09,-3.95,3.15,-0.51,14.87,3.13,2.82,-4.96 Nodocephalosaurus_kirtlandensis,-12.99,-9.76,4.09,4.88,0.8,-1.08,1.57,0.99,0.3 Panoplosaurus_mirus,14.15,-2.89,3.04,4.23,4.44,0.34,0.27,-6.49,-7.99 Pinacosaurus_grangeri,-6.23,0.84,1.09,-4.54,-11.74,-1.31,-8.65,-4.91,-4.88 Pinacosaurus_mephistocephalus,-1.07,8.3,5.26,-4.19,-4,-4.23,8.64,8.71,-2.2 Saichania_chulsanensis,-7.34,2.81,-0.89,9.39,-1.48,-5.13,6.38,-7.85,4.32 Struthiosaurus_austriacus,12.88,-3.7,3.52,1.05,-7.18,6.1,-1.27,0.81,10.79 Struthiosaurus_languedocensis,9.08,7.42,8.99,-1.57,2.43,-1.19,-0.11,-0.47,-1.62 Tarchia_gigantea,-5.66,4.7,2.9,5.73,7.39,-1.52,-10.9,6.49,2.2 Dyoplosaurus_acutosquameus,0.9,11.56,-12.97,-0.43,-0.91,-2.55,-1.24,-0.47,0.93 Sauropods Aeolosaurus,13.42,-6.66,-8.38,-8.56,3.82,6.82,14.85,3.2,-4.46,-12.8,4.1 Alamosaurus,11.6,-10.23,6.6,4.29,3.38,3.13,-8.48,4.47,-20.37,2.29,-3.91 Ampelosaurus,-5.8,-4.01,-2.85,-12.81,0.17,-16.03,0.48,-3.86,-3.32,2.61,-8.24 Antarctosaurus,-10.45,-11.83,17.99,7.38,-4.61,-1.82,-4.59,-0.93,0.51,-2.27,2.02 Jainosaurus,-22.29,-2.56,-3.94,-13.42,-1.02,-6.4,-2.23,2.74,-2.71,1.32,4.34 Lirainosaurus,-8.84,-3.27,4.9,-6.5,-13.66,9.71,3.29,1.37,0.24,-0.06,8.43 Magyarosaurus,11.34,-10.77,1.08,-2.39,3,3.42,-6.12,-19.04,7.71,4.35,7.88 Nemegtosaurus,-18.44,3.11,-8.29,11.7,15.66,-6.35,1.79,-2.24,-3.48,-2.88,8.56 Neuquensaurus,11.74,10.92,3.5,4.5,-9.08,-6.82,-9.47,4.23,2.2,-13.76,3.64 Opisthocoelicaudia,9.71,-13.13,7.04,5.19,5.85,-7.63,7.76,14.97,13.07,6.25,0.16 Quaesitosaurus,-3.81,27.01,8.29,-1,0.91,-1.47,0.53,1.02,1.83,0.7,0.59 Rapetosaurus,-3.14,0.78,-9.68,-2.91,12.68,12.62,-14.48,5.5,7.97,-2.9,-5.68 Rocasaurus,13.26,12.81,-3.75,-4.38,-1.5,4.52,-0.59,5.68,-3.31,15.8,5.66 Saltasaurus,1.06,4.63,-8.27,16.11,-3.68,0.52,9.02,-6.71,-3.66,3.98,-1.5 Isisaurus,9.5,8.26,15.02,-5.45,8.15,1.24,7.29,-8.96,1.28,-2.96,-9.54 Trigonosaurus,-21.48,-2.06,-1.42,5.08,-7.82,11.56,4.55,0.52,2.78,0.95, Malagasy_Taxon_B,12.62,-3,-17.86,3.18,-12.25,-7.02,-3.59,-1.96,3.72,-0.62,-5.69

16 Supplementary Methods Disparity Measures and Fossil Record Biases. All measures of biodiversity using the fossil record may be susceptible to biases caused by uneven preservation and incomplete sampling. One particular worry is that time intervals or regions that are better sampled may appear to be more diverse (i.e., have a greater number of species, have species with a greater disparity of morphologies, etc.). A number of meticulous studies over the past decade have clearly shown that measures of species richness over time are often significantly correlated with sampling, and therefore, that uneven sampling may often be a confounding bias in understanding the true pattern of diversity over time 16,17. Several prominent case studies of vertebrate taxa have shown this to be the case, including studies of dinosaurs 10-15,51. Furthermore, there is also a concern that previous compilations of dinosaur species diversity have included several juveniles and sexual morphs as separate taxa, thus inflating species counts in some intervals (particularly the Maastrichtian ). Thus, there is genuine worry that measures of species-level diversity over time may paint a severely biased picture of dinosaur biodiversity. Measures of morphological disparity are more robust to the sampling biases that often plague studies of species richness (and absolute faunal abundance 21 ). This is supported both by theoretical 23 and empirical 24 studies. Wills et al. 23 showed that variance-based disparity metrics are largely insensitive to sample-size differences, as would be expected for variance-based statistics (which measure the average dissimilarity among taxa and not the entire range of their variability). In other words, the morphological variance of a group can be reasonably calculated based on only a few specimens, and after this critical number is reached (usually 3 5 taxa) then the addition of further specimens does not cause a substantial increase or decrease in the variance metric. This is graphically illustrated by the rarefaction plots in Figs. 3 4 and Supplementary Figure S1: note how variance measures plateau for a group after a few taxa are sampled. What this means is that, as long as a few specimens are available for sampling from each interval, comparisons between time intervals that have not been subjected to even sampling should give reasonable results. This is borne out by an empirical study of the pterosaur fossil record 24, which shows that there are relatively few significant correlations between curves of pterosaur morphological variance (disparity per time interval) and sampling (a proxy measuring the amount of fossil sampling in each time interval) across the Mesozoic. On the contrary, other studies have shown that there is a significant, and confounding, relationship between pterosaur species richness and sampling: intervals of high species richness are usually those that are better sampled than other intervals 52. Furthermore, Wills et al. 23 showed that range-based disparity metrics are largely insensitive to taxonomic lumping and splitting, as would be expected for range-based statistics (which measure the entire range of the variability of taxa, not their average dissimilarity from each other). In other words, whether two morphologically similar specimens are lumped together into a single species or treated as separate species should not make much difference to the range-based calculations. This occurs because range measures the overall variability among taxa basically, an area defined by the most extreme morphologies in a morphospace and whether there is a single specimen of one taxon or two morphs of that taxon sitting close together in morphospace usually does not

17 make a difference to the overall spread of the entire morphospace. This is graphically illustrated by the plots showing range-based disparity for pachycephalosaurs, both including and excluding the controversial taxon Dracorex (possibly a juvenile Pachycephalosaurus) in Supplementary Figure S2: note how there is little difference between these measures. What this means is that range-based measures should not change much between analyses that include and exclude potential juveniles or sexual morphs, so long as at least one member of the taxon is included in the analysis (and all members of the taxon are generally more morphologically similar to each other than they are to other taxa). This is clearly not the case in species richness compilations, as adding juveniles or sexual morphs can drastically inflate richness counts (which, after all, are simple counts and not measures of statistical variance or range as are disparity calculations). Discrete Character Datasets. We measured the morphological disparity of seven dinosaur subgroups using discrete character datasets (see main text). Our research group has compiled three of these datasets 28,29,32 and the four additional datasets are taken from the literature. The taxa included in each dataset are listed in Table S1, along with their temporal and provenance information. Due to low sample sizes and the ability to separate taxa only into Campanian and Maastrichtian bins, we consider our sauropod and ankylosaur analyses to be preliminary. These are perhaps likely to change with additional discoveries and, especially in the case of sauropods, the creation of large phylogenetic datasets that incorporate many fragmentary and newly-discovered Late Cretaceous titanosaurs. We chose a clade-specific set of analyses for two reasons. First, compiling a single dataset of anatomical features in all (or most) Late Cretaceous dinosaurs would be exceedingly difficult and prone to error, as it would require stitching together many individual cladistic datasets and homologizing characters across a wide range of anatomically, functionally, and ecologically diverse taxa. Second, we prefer a cladespecific approach as it better allows us to tease apart disparity trends in different dinosaur subgroups, which should lead to a richer understanding of dinosaur evolution and biodiversity during the Late Cretaceous. Each dataset we used was originally compiled to be used for a phylogenetic analysis. The use of such phylogenetic datasets is a common practice in studies of vertebrate disparity 24,36,37, Although possibly biased by phylogenetic signal and loss of information due to binning into discrete states, cladistic characters take into account a large range of information from across the skeleton that is difficult to extract with other methods (e.g. linear or geometric morphometrics, which cannot easily convey the complexities of a three-dimensional vertebrate skeleton 26, ). The use of cladistic characters is also ideal for the present study, as a large amount of recent systematic work has focused on the relationships of Late Cretaceous dinosaurs, producing a ready source of data. Although we utilize characters that were devised for cladistic analysis, our disparity analysis treats these characters phenetically (i.e., disparity measures the overall variability of anatomical features among the organisms in question based on distance statistics, without any information on the degree of relationships of the organisms). We note that one potential issue with cladistic datasets is that they do not often include autapomorphies of the terminal taxa. This is the case with the datasets that we use here,

18 and we chose not to add autapomorphies for two reasons. First, there is no available published source of autapomorphies for all taxa included in the analysis. Second, because not all of the included taxa have been studied in equivalent detail, it is likely that adding autapomorphies may introduce a bias (taxa that have been better described, or described more recently, will likely have more autapomorphies included, which would serve to artificially inflate the difference between that taxon and less-studied taxa, thus inflating disparity). We note that three tyrannosauroids, Albertosaurus, Daspletosaurus, and Tyrannosaurus, appear in both the coelurosaur and tyrannosauroid datasets. Tyrannosauroids are a subset of coelurosaurs, but their full diversity of ~20 taxa has yet to be incorporated into a higher-level phylogenetic dataset for all coelurosaurs 28,29,64. On the contrary, the coelurosaur dataset we use includes only the three aforementioned tyrannosauroid exemplars. We retained these three taxa in the analysis because we wish to represent, as best as currently possible, the entire breadth of coelurosaur anatomical diversity in the coelurosaur analysis and ensure that we are analyzing the disparity of a monophyletic clade. Because some cladistic analyses recover tyrannosauroids nested within Coelurosauria and not at its base 65, by excluding tyrannosauroids we would render the analyzed subset of coelurosaurs polyphyletic or paraphyletic. We note, however, that because the three tyrannosauroid exemplars, which are very similar in overall anatomy and body size, occur in both the late Campanian (Albertosaurus, Daspletosaurus) and Maastrichtian (Albertosaurus, Tyrannosaurus), their inclusion should not strongly affect the disparity comparisons between these two time bins. In other words, the three tyrannosauroids should affect the late Campanian and Maastrichtian calculations approximately equally. The ceratopsid dataset that we use is focused primarily on one of the two major subclades of ceratopsids, Chasmosaurinae, and includes only a small number of representatives of the other subclade, Centrosaurinae. Because centrosaurines are (as far as is currently known) restricted to the Campanian, our calculated values of Campanian disparity for ceratopsids may be underestimates. However, despite this bias, our results still show Campanian ceratopsid disparity to be significantly higher than Maastrichtian disparity for all metrics. Thus, if anything, including more centrosaurines would lead to higher Campanian disparity values and a more precipitous Campanian Maastrichtian decline. Additionally, we are not able to include non-ceratopsid ceratopsians in our dataset due to low sample sizes, especially in the Maastrichtian time bin, and the lack of a global ceratopsian phylogeny that includes ceratopsids and non-ceratopsid ceratopsians. We note that there is a high diversity of non-ceratopsid ceratopsians in the Campanian of Asia (four taxa in the recent phylogentic analysis of Makovicky 66 ), but no known taxa in the Maastrichtian. This may indicate that there was a considerable disparity decrease in these Asian herbivores (contra the pattern in the larger-bodied Asian hadrosauroids described below), and this issue deserves further study as new specimens are found and cladistic datasets are expanded. We also note that our pachycephalosaur and ceratopsid datasets include some taxa whose taxonomic status is subject to debate, as some workers argue that they are distinct taxa and others regard them as juveniles (or other variants) of other, well-known taxa (e.g., pachycephalosaurs 19,67 ; ceratopsids 20,68-70 ). Fortunately, range-based disparity metrics are largely robust to disagreements in taxonomic lumping and splitting 23, so these

19 debates should have little influence on these metrics. Furthermore, in the case of pachycephalosaurs, we calculated the Maastrichtian disparity values both with and without the controversial Dracorex; the results were statistically indistinguishable from each other and both results were statistically indistinguishable from the Campanian disparity values (Supplementary Figure S2). In the case of ceratopsids we retained two species of Torosaurus in the Maastrichtian and Ma time bins, although it has been argued that all specimens belonging to them represent old individuals of Triceratops 20. We note that this is a conservative approach, as by including them we are retaining additional taxa in the Maastrichtian and Ma bins, which should (in general) increase the disparity in this bin and make it more difficult to reject the null hypothesis of no disparity difference between late Campanian and Maastrichtian ceratopsids. However, even when calculated with the two species of Torosaurus, Maastrichtian ceratopsid disparity is significantly lower than late Campanian disparity on all four metrics (similarly, Ma disparity is significantly lower than Ma disparity in the three-bin analysis). Therefore, we consider the Campanian-Maastrichtian ceratopsid disparity decline as a robust result, and do not consider the inclusion of Torosaurus to bias or substantially impact the study. If anything, if Torosaurus is synonymous with Triceratops then Maastrichtian ceratopsid disparity is surely lower than we have calculated and the terminal Cretaceous ceratopsid disparity decline is more precipitous. Analysis of Campanian-Maastrichtian Disparity. In addition to the two binning schemes used in the main text, we also present a supplementary analysis in which disparity is calculated coarsely for Campanian and Maastrichtian bins. The results are shown in Supplementary Figure S3; they agree with the late Campanian Maastrichtian results in nearly every case (except that they show a significant global hadrosauroid decrease on two metrics, whereas this is insignificant for the late Campanian Maastrichtian measures).

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