Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|
|
- Claude Beasley
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104 (2010) Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene journal homepage: Molecular evidence for Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ixodes ricinus from Turkey Munir Aktas a,, Zati Vatansever b, Kursat Altay a, M. Fatih Aydin a, Nazir Dumanli a a Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey b Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey article info abstract Article history: Received 17 February 2009 Received in revised form 21 July 2009 Accepted 21 July 2009 Available online 10 September 2009 Keywords: Ixodes Anaplasma phagocytophilum Nested PCR DNA sequence analysis 16S rrna Turkey This study investigated the presence of the pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum in ixodid ticks removed from humans living in three provinces (Giresun, Trabzon, Rize) in the east of the Black Sea Region of Turkey. A total of 1097 ixodid ticks were examined for the presence of A. phagocytophilum DNA. From the 95 pooled tick samples tested, species-specific fragments of A. phagocytophilum (11/95 samples, 11.6%) were amplified by nested PCR. Adult Ixodes ricinus (9/53 samples, 17.0%) and Ixodes spp. nymphs (2/9 samples, 22.2%) were infected with A. phagocytophilum. None of the remaining tick species gave a positive result for the presence of the pathogen. All nested PCR-positive samples were directly sequenced. The partial sequences (457 bp) of the amplicons obtained from the infected tick pools were 100% identical to one another and to previously isolated sequences from human patients. To obtain a longer 16S rrna gene sequence, one representative sample was reamplified with the universal primer set. The longer representative sequence (1306 bp) also shared 99.92% similarity (a single adenine deletion) with the recently reported complete sequence of A. phagocytophilum Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species, in the Anaplasmataceae family, are known as important tick-borne pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. 1 Molecular studies suggest that the two genera are divided into various distinct genogroups. The genus Anaplasma comprises six species; A. phagocytophilum, A. centrale, A. marginale, A. bovis, A. ovis and A. platys. These pathogens are transmitted by ixodid ticks. 2 Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes a febrile disease in human and animals. 3 Ticks and reservoir hosts are crucial to the ecology of the disease. The agent is maintained in nature in a tick vertebrate cycle, especially small rodents Corresponding author. Tel.: ; fax: address: maktas@firat.edu.tr (M. Aktas). and deer. 4,5 The presence of A. phagocytophilum infection is closely related to the abundance of Ixodes spp. 5,6 The pathogen is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected ticks and through perinatal transmission. 7 The first report of a human case was a patient who died after contracting a severe febrile illness following a tick bite in Wisconsin, USA. 8 Acute cases caused by Ixodes bites have also been described in Europe. 9 Tick-borne pathogens such as Theileria and Babesia spp. have been documented in domestic ruminants and ticks in Turkey, but there is little information about the presence of rickettsiae in the country. It has recently been reported that A. phagocytophilum has been detected in cattle and sheep; 14 however, the pathogen has not been reported in either humans or ticks in Turkey. This study investigates the presence of A. phagocytophilum in I. ricinus removed from humans in the Black Sea Region of Turkey /$ see front matter 2009 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi: /j.trstmh
2 M. Aktas et al. / Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104 (2010) Figure 1. Map of the Turkish provinces showing the locations surveyed in the current study. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Study area and collection of tick samples The study was conducted from March to December 2007 in an area comprising three provinces: Giresun, Trabzon and Rize, in the east of the Black Sea Region of Turkey (Figure 1). The region covers two climatic zones: a typical temperate climate in the coastal region (humid bioclimatic zone), with frequent rainfall and mild temperatures, and a continental Mediterranean climate in the interior parts (semi-arid cold Mediterranean bioclimatic zone), with warmer summers and colder winters. At the request of Ministry of Health of Turkey, ticks recovered from humans in Giresun, Trabzon and Rize provinces were sent to our laboratory (Department of Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey). Most ticks (adult and/or nymph) were removed from patients by medical staff. They were placed into 1.5 ml tubes filled with 70% ethanol or propanol and submitted to us along with documentation. Although samples included immature ticks, only adults were identified to the species level using standard taxonomic keys. 15 A total of 4783 ticks (3240 adults and 1543 nymphs) were submitted, of which 1097 (815 adults and 282 nymphs) originating from 60 correctly georeferenced sites were selected for DNA extraction. Ticks were washed in 70% ethanol, rinsed three times in sterile PBS, and dried on filter paper. They were separated by georeferenced site, species and nymphal stage into 95 pooled samples consisting of 85 adult (2 10 per pool) and 10 nymphal (10 30 per pool) pools and stored at 80 C until DNA extraction DNA extraction and PCR amplification The frozen tick pools were crushed, using sterile metal rods, in liquid nitrogen in 1.5 ml Eppendorf tubes. Total DNA was extracted using the AbsoGene DNA isolation kit according to the manufacturer s instructions (RTA Laboratories, Gebze, Turkey). A nested PCR assay was performed to identify samples infected with A. phagocytophilum, as described by Kawahara et al. 5 A pair of universal primers, EC12A (5 -TGATCCTGGCTCAGAACGAACG-3 ) and EC9 (5 -TACCTTGTTACGACTT-3 ), that amplify the 16S rrna gene of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia spp. was used for the first amplification. 5,8 Primers SSAP2f
3 12 M. Aktas et al. / Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104 (2010) Table 1 Tick samples removed from humans, and infection rates of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in three provinces in the Black Sea region of Turkey Province Identified tick species No. of removed ticks No. of examined ticks No. of pools No. of positive pools Giresun Ixodes ricinus Ixodes spp. nymph Hyalomma marginatum marginatum Haemaphysalis sulcata Haemaphysalis spp. nymph Dermacentor marginatus Trabzon Ixodes ricinus Ixodes spp. nymph Haemaphysalis sulcata Dermacentor marginatus Rhipicephalus bursa Rize Ixodes ricinus Ixodes hexaganus Ixodes spp. nymph Haemaphysalis sulcata Haemaphysalis punctata Dermacentor marginatus Total (11.6%) (5 -GCTGAATGTGGGGATAATTTAT-3 ) and SSAP2r (5 -ATGGCTGCTTCCTTTCGGTTA-3 ), specific for A. phagocytophilum, were used for nested amplification. 5 For the nested PCR amplification, 1 l of first-round PCR products was used as the template. The PCR was performed in a total reaction volume of 25 l containing 2.5 lof10 PCR buffer [100 mm Tris HCl (ph 9), 500 mm KCl, 1% Triton X-100], 250 M of each of the four deoxynucleotide triphosphates, 2 U Taq DNA polymerase (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) and 10 pmol of each primer. The template for PCR was 2.5 l of the DNA suspension. A touchdown programme was used to reduce nonspecific amplification. Distilled water and Anaplasma ovis DNA (previously isolated from naturally infected sheep, GenBank accession no. EU191232) were used in each test as negative and positive controls, respectively. The amplification products were visualized on 1% agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide and observed under UV illumination Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses All nested PCR-positive samples were directly sequenced. To obtain a longer 16S rrna gene sequence, DNA from one representative positive sample was reamplified with the universal primer set EC12A/EC9, which generated a 1446 bp product. The PCR products were purified from agarose gel using a commercial PCR purification kit (Wizard SV gel and PCR clean-up system; Promega, Madison, WI, USA). The nearly full-length 16S rrna gene sequence of A. phagocytophilum (1306 bp) obtained in this study was deposited in the EMBL/GenBank databases under accession no. FJ Sequence homology searches were made by BLAST. 16 Multiple sequence alignments were performed using the Jalview program, 17 which is based on Clustal W. 18 A phylogenetic tree was created from the sequences of the 16S rrna genes of A. phagocytophilum isolates available from GenBank and the novel sequence described here, using the neighbour-joining method in MEGA version Results 3.1. Tick species and distribution The distribution of ixodid tick species and the A. phagocytophilum infection rates of ticks from three provinces in the Black Sea Region of Turkey are shown in Table 1. A total of 4783 ticks (3240 adults, 1543 nymphs) were removed from humans in Giresun (n = 1606), Trabzon (n = 1833) and Rize (n = 1344). The ticks removed were identified as Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes hexagonus, Ixodes spp. nymph, Hyalomma marginatum, Haemaphysalis punctata, Hae. sulcata, Hae. spp. Table 2 Frequency of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection identified by nested PCR in ixodid tick species removed from humans in the east Black Sea Region of Turkey Tick species No. removed ticks No. examined ticks No. pools No. positive pools Ixodes ricinus (17.0%) Ixodes hexagonus Ixodes spp. nymph (22.2%) Haemaphysalis sulcata Haemaphysalis punctata Haemaphysalis spp. nymph Dermacentor marginatus Hyalomma marginatum marginatum Rhipicephalus bursa Total (11.6%)
4 M. Aktas et al. / Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104 (2010) nymph, Dermacentor marginatus and Rhipicephalus bursa. The dominant species was I. ricinus in all three provinces (Table 1). All Ixodes, Rhipicephalus and Haemaphysalis specimens were from the humid bioclimatic zone, whereas Hyalomma spp. were from the semi-arid bioclimatic zone (Figure 1). Dermacentor species showed sparse distribution Detection of 16S rrna gene of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and sequence analysis A total of 95 tick pools (35 from Giresun, 33 from Trabzon and 27 from Rize) were included in this study. Among the seven species examined, only I. ricinus and Ixodes spp. nymphs were positive for A. phagocytophilum. The remaining tick species did not contain A. phagocytophilum DNA. The proportion of positive pools among the sampled Ixodes spp. was higher in Giresun province (7/16), followed by Trabzon (3/28) and Rize provinces (1/19) (Table 1). All the infected ticks were from the humid bioclimatic zone (Figure 1). Most of the tested pools were I. ricinus adults (53 pools, 55.8%) followed by Hae. sulcata adults (13 pools, 13.7%), D. marginatus adults (10 pools, 10.5%) and Ixodes spp. nymphs (9 pools, 9.5%). The frequency of A. phagocytophilum infection in ixodid tick species is shown in Table 2. The overall infection rate of all tick pools was 11.6% (11/95). The pathogen was detected in 9 of 53 (17.0%) adult I. ricinus and 2 of 9 (22.2%) Ixodes spp. nymph pools. The partial sequences (457 bp) of the amplicons obtained from the infected tick pools were 100% identical to one another and to previously isolated sequences from human patients (GenBank accession nos. U02521 and AF093789). The longer representative sequence (1306 bp) also shared 99.92% similarity (with the exception of a single deletion of an adenine residue at position 106) with the recently reported complete sequence of A. phagocytophilum (GenBank accession no. AY055469) and the human isolates U02521 and AF Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses showed the agent detected in this study to be 98.77% identical to the sequences of A. phagocytophilum identified in wild deer (GenBank accession nos. AB and AB196720). To investigate the genetic relationships of the A. phagocytophilum strain detected in I. ricinus in Turkey, we performed a phylogenetic analysis based on the 1306 nucleotide fragment of the 16S rrna gene sequence. The constructed phylogenetic tree demonstrated a close relationship between the A. phagocytophilum isolate identified in this study and recently reported sequences identified in humans (Figure 2). 4. Discussion Ticks act as vectors of diseases affecting both humans and animals. They are also responsible for direct damage and cause severe toxic conditions such as paralysis, irritation and allergy. Most ticks have a preference for feeding on a wide variety of wild animals, with some being host specific. However, a large number of tick species have adapted to feed on humans. 20 More than 20 ixodid tick species are reported to be frequently found on humans in infested areas. 2 This survey recovered I. ricinus, I. hexagonus, H. sul- Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree based on a 1306 bp fragment of the 16S rrna gene of the Anaplasma phagocytophilum isolate identified in this study, and known Anaplasma spp. present in the GenBank database, using MEGA software (version 3.1). The distance matrix was calculated by using Kimura-2 parameter method. The tree was created by the neighbour-joining method. The sequence described in this study is indicated in bold. Scale bar represents nucleotide substitutions per position.
5 14 M. Aktas et al. / Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104 (2010) cata, H. punctata, D. marginatus, H. marginatum and R. bursa from humans, and showed I. ricinus was the most prevalent tick on humans in the eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. Human granulocytic anaplasmosis is an emerging infectious disease caused by A. phagocytophilum, which is typically transmitted to humans by ixodid ticks. The transmission cycle of the agent is not fully understood. Among non-human vertebrates it is believed to be maintained in a tick vertebrate cycle with Ixodes spp. 4 I. ricinus has been found to be the primary vector of A. phagocytophilum in Europe. 21 The importance of this tick for the pathogen is its widespread distribution and feeding habits. It is the most common tick that bites humans. 22 However, A. phagocytophilum has also been associated with other ixodid species. 23,24 In Turkey, the pathogen has not previously been described in vector ticks, or in humans. Here we present the first evidence of A. phagocytophilum in Ixodes ticks removed from humans in Turkey. In the present study, the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum infection in ixodid ticks removed from humans was 11.6%. The prevalence of the infection also varied among the life stages of the tick. In this study, 17.0% of adult I. ricinus and 22.2% of Ixodes spp. nymphs were infected with A. phagocytophilum. Previous reports have reported both nymphs and adults infected with A. phagocytophilum, with a higher infection rate in nymphs. 25 In a recent study, however, a much higher infection rate was observed in adult ticks (34%) than in nymphs (2%). 26 In the present study, the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum was higher in Giresun province than in the other two provinces. This result indicates that Giresun may be a focal point for the infection, depending on the abundance of mammalian reservoir hosts. Anaplasma phagocytophilum has been reported in cattle and sheep in the Black Sea Region of Turkey, 14 but the pathogen has not been described hitherto in ticks or humans. This study presents evidence for A. phagocytophilum in Ixodes ticks removed from humans. It is possible that people exposed to Ixodes bites may become infected with A. phagocytophilum. However, no clinical cases of human granulocytic anaplasmosis have been reported in Turkey. We speculate that the lack of reports of clinical cases may be because of low virulence of the pathogen strains, or lack of awareness among clinicians of the existence of the disease together with the limited number of diagnostic tools available. In conclusion, the results of present study provide molecular evidence for the presence of A. phagocytophilum in Ixodes ticks in Turkey, and suggest that human granulocytic anaplasmosis should be included in the differential diagnosis when dealing with a febrile patient with history of possible tick bite. Authors contributions: MA conceived and designed the study; ZV constructed the map and edited the manuscript; MFA conducted the molecular studies; KA participated in the phylogenetic analysis; ND coordinated the collection of ticks. All authors helped to draft the article or revised it critically for intellectual content, and read and approved the final version. MA is guarantor of the paper. Funding: This work was supported financially by a grant (106 O 416) from the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). Conflicts of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: Not required. References 1. Dumler JS, Barbet AF, Bekker CP, Dasch GA, Palmer GH, Ray SC, et al. Reorganization of genera in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae in the order Rickettsiales: unification of some species of Ehrlichia with Anaplasma, Cowdria with Ehrlichia and Ehrlichia with Neorickettsia, descriptions of six new species combinations and designation of Ehrlichia equi and HGE agent as subjective synonyms of Ehrlichia phagocytophila. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2001;51: Estrada-Pena A, Jongejan F. Ticks feeding on humans: a review of records on human-biting Ixodoidea with special reference to pathogen transmission. Exp Appl Acarol 1999;23: Kocan KM, de la Fuente J, Blouin EF, Garcia-Garcia JC. Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae): recent advances in defining host-pathogen adaptations of a tick-borne rickettsia. Parasitology 2004;129(Suppl):S Bown KJ, Begon M, Bennett M, Woldehiwet Z, Ogden NH. Seasonal dynamics of Anaplasma phagocytophila in a rodent-tick (Ixodes trianguliceps) system, United Kingdom. Emerg Infect Dis 2003;9: Kawahara M, Rikihisa Y, Lin Q, Isogai E, Tahara K, Itagaki A, et al. Novel genetic variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma bovis, Anaplasma centrale, and a novel Ehrlichia sp. in wild deer and ticks on two major islands in Japan. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006;72: Santos AS, Santos-Silva MM, Almeida VC, Bacellar F, Dumler JS. Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA in Ixodes ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from Madeira Island and Setubal District, mainland Portugal. Emerg Infect Dis 2004;10: Horowitz HW, Kilchevsky E, Haber S, Aguero-Rosenfeld M, Kranwinkel R, James EK, et al. Perinatal transmission of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. N Engl J Med 1998;339: Chen SM, Dumler JS, Bakken JS, Walker DH. Identification of a granulocytotropic Ehrlichia species as the etiologic agent of human disease. J Clin Microbiol 1994;32: Petrovec M, Lotric Furlan S, Zupanc TA, Strle F, Brouqui P, Roux V, et al. Human disease in Europe caused by a granulocytic Ehrlichia species. J Clin Microbiol 1997;35: Aktas M, Altay K, Dumanli N. A molecular survey of bovine Theileria parasites among apparently healthy cattle and with a note on the distribution of ticks in eastern Turkey. Vet Parasitol 2006;138: Aktas M, Altay K, Dumanli N. PCR-based detection of Theileria ovis in Rhipicephalus bursa adult ticks. Vet Parasitol 2006;140: Altay K, Aktas M, Dumanli N. Detection of Babesia ovis by PCR in Rhipicephalus bursa collected from naturally infested sheep and goats. Res Vet Sci 2008;85: Altay K, Dumanli N, Aktas M. Molecular identification, genetic diversity and distribution of Theileria and Babesia species infecting small ruminants. Vet Parasitol 2007;147: Gokce HI, Genc O, Akca A, Vatansever Z, Unver A, Erdogan HM. Molecular and serological evidence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection of farm animals in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Acta Vet Hung 2008;56: Estrada-Peña A, Bouattour A, Camicas JL, Walker AR. Ticks of domestic animals in the Mediterranean region: a guide to identification of species. Zaragoza: University of Zaragoza; BLAST: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. US National Library of Medicine. [accessed 20 July 2009]. 17. Clamp M, Cuff J, Searle SM, Barton GJ. The Jalview Java alignment editor. Bioinformatics 2004;20: Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 1994;22:
6 M. Aktas et al. / Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104 (2010) Kumar S, Tamura K, Nei M. MEGA3: Integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinform 2004;5: Jongejan F, Uilenberg G. The global importance of ticks. Parasitology 2004;129(Suppl):S Strle F. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Europe. Int J Med Microbiol 2004;293(Suppl 37): Gray JS. Biology of Ixodes species ticks in relation to tick-borne zoonoses. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2002;114: Alberti A, Addis MF, Sparagano O, Zobba R, Chessa B, Cubeddu T, et al. Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Sardinia, Italy. Emerg Infect Dis 2005;11: Ogden NH, Bown K, Horrocks BK, Woldehiwet Z, Bennett M. Granulocytic Ehrlichia infection in ixodid ticks and mammals in woodlands and uplands of the U.K. Med Vet Entomol 1998;12: Radzijevskaja J, Paulauskas A, Rosef O. Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia divergens in Ixodes ricinus ticks from Lithuania and Norway. Int J Med Microbiol 2008;298: Christova I, Schouls L, van De Pol I, Park J, Panayotov S, Lefterova V, et al. High prevalence of granulocytic Ehrlichiae and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks from Bulgaria. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39:
Detection and Identification of Rickettsia helvetica and Rickettsia sp. IRS3/IRS4 in Ixodes ricinus Ticks found on humans in Spain.
1 Title Detection and Identification of Rickettsia helvetica and Rickettsia sp. IRS3/IRS4 in Ixodes ricinus Ticks found on humans in Spain. Authors P. Fernández-Soto, R. Pérez-Sánchez, A. Encinas-Grandes,
More informationEnvironmental associations of ticks and disease. Lucy Gilbert
Environmental associations of ticks and disease Lucy Gilbert Ticks in Europe 1. Ixodes arboricola 2. Ixodes caledonicus 3. Ixodes frontalis 4. Ixodes lividus 5. Ixodes rothschildi 6. Ixodes unicavatus
More informationCairo University. Journal of Advanced Research
Journal of Advanced Research (2012) 3, 189 194 Cairo University Journal of Advanced Research SHORT COMMUNICATION Prevalence and first molecular characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the agent
More informationTicks and tick-borne pathogens Jordi Tarrés-Call, Scientific Officer of the AHAW unit
Ticks and tick-borne pathogens Jordi Tarrés-Call, Scientific Officer of the AHAW unit Antwerp, June 2 nd 2010 1 The role of EFSA! To assess and communicate all risks associated with the food chain! We
More informationsanguineus, in a population of
BVA Student Travel Grant Final Report Prevalence of the Brown Dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, in a population of dogs in Zanzibar, and its role as a vector of canine tickborne disease. Bethan Warner
More informationAnaplasma Infection in Ticks, Livestock and Human in Ghaemshahr, Mazandaran Province, Iran
Original Article Anaplasma Infection in Ticks, Livestock and Human in Ghaemshahr, Mazandaran Province, Iran Nasibeh Hosseini-Vasoukolaei 1, Mohammad Ali Oshaghi 1, Parviz Shayan 2, Hassan Vatandoost 1,
More informationRICKETTSIA SPECIES AMONG TICKS IN AN AREA OF JAPAN ENDEMIC FOR JAPANESE SPOTTED FEVER
RICKETTSIA SPECIES AMONG TICKS IN AN AREA OF JAPAN ENDEMIC FOR JAPANESE SPOTTED FEVER Makoto Kondo 1, Katsuhiko Ando 2, Keiichi Yamanaka 1 and Hitoshi Mizutani 1 1 Department of Dermatology, 2 Department
More informationSlide 1. Slide 2. Slide 3
1 Exotic Ticks Amblyomma variegatum Amblyomma hebraeum Rhipicephalus microplus Rhipicephalus annulatus Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Ixodes ricinus 2 Overview Organisms Importance Disease Risks Life Cycle
More informationPrevalence of pathogens in ticks feeding on humans. Tinne Lernout
Prevalence of pathogens in ticks feeding on humans Tinne Lernout Contexte Available data for Belgium: localized geographically questing ticks or feeding ticks on animals collection at one moment in time
More informationMultiplex real-time PCR for the passive surveillance of ticks, tick-bites, and tick-borne pathogens
Multiplex real-time PCR for the passive surveillance of ticks, tick-bites, and tick-borne pathogens Guang Xu, Stephen Rich Laboratory of Medical Zoology University of Massachusetts Amherst TICKS ARE VECTORS
More informationHow does tick ecology determine risk?
How does tick ecology determine risk? Sarah Randolph Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK LDA, Leicester, July.00 Tick species found in the UK Small rodents Water voles Birds (hole nesting)
More informationThe Essentials of Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases
The Essentials of Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases Presenter: Bobbi S. Pritt, M.D., M.Sc. Director, Clinical Parasitology Laboratory Co-Director, Vector-borne Diseases Laboratory Services Vice Chair of Education
More informationDiverse tick-borne microorganisms identified in free-living ungulates in Slovakia
Kazimírová et al. Parasites & Vectors (2018) 11:495 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3068-1 RESEARCH Diverse tick-borne microorganisms identified in free-living ungulates in Slovakia Open Access Mária
More informationMarch 22, Thomas Kroll, Park Manager and Arboretum Director Saint John s University New Science Center 108 Collegeville, MN
March 22, 2007 Thomas Kroll, Park Manager and Arboretum Director Saint John s University New Science Center 108 Collegeville, MN 56321-3000 Dear Mr. Kroll, The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) sampled
More informationUNDERSTANDING THE TRANSMISSION OF TICK-BORNE PATHOGENS WITH PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS
UNDERSTANDING THE TRANSMISSION OF TICK-BORNE PATHOGENS WITH PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS A. Rick Alleman, DVM, PhD, DABVP, DACVP Lighthouse Veterinary Consultants, LLC Gainesville, FL Tick-transmitted pathogens
More informationMolecular detection of Anaplasma bovis in Holstein cattle in the Republic of Korea
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-018-0370-z Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica BRIEF COMMUNICATION Open Access Molecular detection of Anaplasma bovis in Holstein cattle in the Republic of Korea Jinho Park 1,
More informationDetection and Identification of Ehrlichia spp. in Ticks Collected in Tunisia and Morocco
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Mar. 2005, p. 1127 1132 Vol. 43, No. 3 0095-1137/05/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/jcm.43.3.1127 1132.2005 Copyright 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
More informationPCR detection of Leptospira in. stray cat and
PCR detection of Leptospira in 1 Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran 2 Department of Microbiology, School of Veterinary
More informationHyalomma impeltatum (Acari: Ixodidae) as a potential vector of malignant theileriosis in sheep in Saudi Arabia
Veterinary Parasitology 99 (2001) 305 309 Hyalomma impeltatum (Acari: Ixodidae) as a potential vector of malignant theileriosis in sheep in Saudi Arabia O.M.E. El-Azazy a,, T.M. El-Metenawy b, H.Y. Wassef
More informationTopics. Ticks on dogs in North America. Ticks and tick-borne diseases: emerging problems? Andrew S. Peregrine
Ticks and tick-borne diseases: emerging problems? Andrew S. Peregrine E-mail: aperegri@ovc.uoguelph.ca Topics Ticks on dogs in Ontario and the pathogens they transmit? Should dogs be routinely screened
More informationSuggested vector-borne disease screening guidelines
Suggested vector-borne disease screening guidelines SNAP Dx Test Screen your dog every year with the SNAP Dx Test to detect exposure to pathogens that cause heartworm disease, ehrlichiosis, Lyme disease
More informationEVALUATION OF THE SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF THE EHRLICHIA CANIS DIAGNOSTIC TEST: Anigen Rapid E.canis Ab Test Kit
EVALUATION OF THE SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF THE EHRLICHIA CANIS DIAGNOSTIC TEST: Anigen Rapid E.canis Ab Test Kit FINAL REPORT Research contract (art. 83 of the L.O.U) between the Ehrlichiosis Diagnostic
More informationArticles on Tick-borne infections UK / Ireland
Articles on Tick-borne infections UK / Ireland By Jenny O Dea April 18 2011 Rickettsia First detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae in Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in the UK.
More informationCanine Anaplasmosis Anaplasma phagocytophilum Anaplasma platys
Canine Anaplasmosis Anaplasma phagocytophilum Anaplasma platys It takes just hours for an infected tick to transmit Anaplasma organisms to a dog. What is canine anaplasmosis? Canine anaplasmosis is a disease
More informationCoinfections Acquired from Ixodes Ticks
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, Oct. 2006, p. 708 727 Vol. 19, No. 4 0893-8512/06/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/cmr.00011-06 Copyright 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Coinfections Acquired
More informationEhrlichia are tick-borne obligatory intracellular bacteria,
VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES Volume 16, Number 6, 2016 ª Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1898 ORIGINAL ARTICLES Detection of a Novel Ehrlichia Species in Haemaphysalis longicornis Tick
More informationAbout Ticks and Lyme Disease
About Ticks and Lyme Disease Ticks are small crawling bugs in the spider family. They are arachnids, not insects. There are hundreds of different kinds of ticks in the world. Many of them carry bacteria,
More information1. INTRODUCTION. Ticks are obligate haematophagous ectoparasites with. worldwide distribution and they have a significant impact on human
1. INTRODUCTION Ticks are obligate haematophagous ectoparasites with worldwide distribution and they have a significant impact on human and animal health. A total of ~850 tick species have been catalogued
More informationShort Communication Species Diversity and Distribution of Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Zabol County, Eastern Iran
Short Communication Species Diversity and Distribution of Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Zabol County, Eastern Iran *Maryam Ganjali 1, Mansour Dabirzadeh 2, Masoud Sargolzaie 3 1 Department of Parasitology,
More informationReceived 14 March 2008/Accepted 17 September 2008
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Dec. 2008, p. 7118 7125 Vol. 74, No. 23 0099-2240/08/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/aem.00625-08 Copyright 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Relative
More informationLearning objectives. Case: tick-borne disease. Case: tick-borne disease. Ticks. Tick life cycle 9/25/2017
Learning objectives Medically Significant Arthropods: Identification of Hard-Bodied Ticks ASCLS Region V October 6, 2017 1. Describe the tick life cycle and its significance 2. Compare anatomical features
More informationVector-Borne Disease Status and Trends
Vector-Borne Disease Status and Trends Vector-borne Diseases in NY 2 Tick-borne Diseases: Lyme disease Babesiosis Ehrlichiosis/Anaplasmosis Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Powassan Encephalitis STARI Bourbon
More informationTicks and Tick-borne Diseases: More than just Lyme
Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases: More than just Lyme http://www.scalibor-usa.com/tick-identifier/ Katherine Sayler and A. Rick Alleman Important Emerging Pathogens Increase in disease prevalence in pets
More informationTEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE BLACK-LEGGED TICK, IXODES SCAPULARIS, IN TEXAS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CLIMATE VARIATION
TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE BLACK-LEGGED TICK, IXODES SCAPULARIS, IN TEXAS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CLIMATE VARIATION An Undergraduate Research Scholars Thesis By JOSHUA SANTELISES Submitted
More informationPopulation dynamics of ticks infesting horses in north-west Tunisia
Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 2018, 37 (3),... -... Population dynamics of ticks infesting horses in north-west Tunisia This paper (No. 31052018-00122-EN) has been peer-reviewed, accepted, edited, and
More informationGenetic Variants of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infecting Dogs in Western Washington State
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, Feb. 2005, p. 796 801 Vol. 43, No. 2 0095-1137/05/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/jcm.43.2.796 801.2005 Copyright 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Genetic
More informationJ. Bio. & Env. Sci. 2015
Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES) ISSN: 2220-6663 (Print) 2222-3045 (Online) Vol. 6, No. 4, p. 412-417, 2015 http://www.innspub.net RESEARCH PAPER OPEN ACCESS Elucidation of cow
More informationPage 1 of 5 Medical Summary OTHER TICK-BORNE DISEASES This article covers babesiosis, anaplasmosis, and ehrlichiosis. See Rickettsial Infections (tick-borne rickettsia), Lyme Disease, and Tick-Borne Encephalitis
More informationUrban Landscape Epidemiology - Ticks and the City -
Ticks and the City Urban Landscape Epidemiology - Ticks and the City - Dania Richter & Boris Schröder-Esselbach Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig & Franz-Rainer Matuschka, Universität
More informationEXHIBIT E. Minimizing tick bite exposure: tick biology, management and personal protection
EXHIBIT E Minimizing tick bite exposure: tick biology, management and personal protection Arkansas Ticks Hard Ticks (Ixodidae) Lone star tick - Amblyomma americanum Gulf Coast tick - Amblyomma maculatum
More informationVector Hazard Report: Ticks of the Continental United States
Vector Hazard Report: Ticks of the Continental United States Notes, photos and habitat suitability models gathered from The Armed Forces Pest Management Board, VectorMap and The Walter Reed Biosystematics
More informationAnthropogenic Change and the Emergence of Tick-Borne Pathogens in the Northeast US
Anthropogenic Change and the Emergence of Tick-Borne Pathogens in the Northeast US Durland Fish, Ph.D. Yale School of Public Heath Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Yale Institute for Biospheric
More informationWes Watson and Charles Apperson
Wes Watson and Charles Apperson Ticks are not insects! Class Acarina Order Parasitiformes Family Argasidae soft ticks (5 genera) Family Ixodidae hard ticks (7 genera) Genus Dermacentor 30 species Amblyomma
More informationIn vitro feeding of Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks and the attraction of ticks to dog odor
In vitro feeding of Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks and the attraction of ticks to dog odor S.G.A. Riekerk 3383016 February 2012 till May 2012 Utrecht University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department
More informationLABORATORY ASSAYS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF TICK-TRANSMITTED HUMAN INFECTIONS
LABORATORY ASSAYS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF TICK-TRANSMITTED HUMAN INFECTIONS Stephen R. Graves, Gemma Vincent, Chelsea Nguyen, Haz Hussain-Yusuf, Aminul Islam & John Stenos. Australian Rickettsial Reference
More informationDetection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia odocoilei DNA in Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) Collected in Indiana
SHORT COMMUNICATION Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia odocoilei DNA in Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) Collected in Indiana FRESIA E. STEINER, 1 ROBERT R. PINGER, 1 CAROLYN N. VANN,
More informationAnnual Screening for Vector-borne Disease. The SNAP 4Dx Plus Test Clinical Reference Guide
Annual Screening for Vector-borne Disease The SNAP Dx Plus Test Clinical Reference Guide Every dog, every year For healthier pets and so much more. The benefits of vector-borne disease screening go far
More informationInternationalJournalofAgricultural
www.ijasvm.com IJASVM InternationalJournalofAgricultural SciencesandVeterinaryMedicine ISSN:2320-3730 Vol.5,No.1,February2017 E-Mail:editorijasvm@gmail.com oreditor@ijasvm.comm@gmail.com Int. J. Agric.Sc
More informationColorado s Tickled Pink Campaign
Colorado s Tickled Pink Campaign Leah Colton, PhD Medical Entomology & Zoonoses Epidemiologist Instituting a Statewide Passive Surveillance Program for Ticks Colorado s medically important ticks Tick-borne
More informationBloodsuckers in the woods... Lyric Bartholomay Associate Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State University
Bloodsuckers in the woods... Lyric Bartholomay Associate Professor Department of Entomology Iowa State University Characteristics Adapted for ectoparasitism: Dorsoventrally flattened Protective exoskeleton
More informationResearch Article PCR-Based Detection of Babesia ovis in Rhipicephalus bursa and Small Ruminants
Journal of Parasitology Research Volume 2014, Article ID 294704, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/294704 Research Article PCR-Based Detection of Babesia ovis in Rhipicephalus bursa and Small Ruminants
More informationProceedings of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association Sydney, Australia 2007
Proceedings of the World Small Animal Sydney, Australia 2007 Hosted by: Next WSAVA Congress PUPS, PCRs AND PLATELETS * : EHRLICHIA AND ANAPLASMA INFECTIONS OF DOGS IN AUSTRALIA AND OVERSEAS Peter J. Irwin,
More informationBackground and Jus&fica&on. Evalua&ng Ples%odon spp. skinks as poten&al reservoir hosts for the Lyme disease bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi 11/5/12
Evalua&ng Ples%odon spp. skinks as poten&al reservoir hosts for the Lyme disease bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi Teresa Moody, M.S. Candidate Advisor: Dr. Graham Hickling Center for Wildlife Health University
More informationOn People. On Pets In the Yard
*This information is provided by the Center for Disease Control as part of the public domain. Avoiding Ticks Reducing exposure to ticks is the best defense against Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted
More informationTICKS CAN HARBOR MANY PATHOGENS; thus, a single tick bite
VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES Volume 9, Number 2, 2009 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2008.0088 Detection of Tick-Borne Pathogens by MassTag Polymerase Chain Reaction Rafal Tokarz, 1 Vishal
More informationTicks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting cattle and some other domestic and wild hosts on the French Mediterranean island of Corsica
Grech-Angelini et al. Parasites & Vectors (2016) 9:582 DOI 10.1186/s13071-016-1876-8 RESEARCH Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting cattle and some other domestic and wild hosts on the French Mediterranean
More informationThe detection of Cytauxzoon felis in apparently healthy free-roaming cats in the USA
Veterinary Parasitology 146 (2007) 316 320 www.elsevier.com/locate/vetpar The detection of Cytauxzoon felis in apparently healthy free-roaming cats in the USA Marion D. Haber a, Melissa D. Tucker a, Henry
More informationEarly warning for Lyme disease: Lessons learned from Canada
Early warning for Lyme disease: Lessons learned from Canada Nick Hume Ogden, National Microbiology Laboratory @ Saint-Hyacinthe Talk outline The biology of Lyme disease emergence in the context of climate
More informationMichele Stanton, M.S. Kenton County Extension Agent for Horticulture. Asian Longhorned Beetle Eradication Program Amelia, Ohio
Michele Stanton, M.S. Kenton County Extension Agent for Horticulture Asian Longhorned Beetle Eradication Program Amelia, Ohio Credits Dr. Glen Needham, Ph.D., OSU Entomology (retired), Air Force Medical
More informationThe Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Borrelia, and the rest.
The Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Borrelia, and the rest. Southern Region Conference to Assess Needs in IPM to Reduce the Incidence of Tick-Borne Diseases Michael J. Yabsley D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and
More informationPoint Prevalence Survey for Tick-Borne Pathogens in Military Working Dogs, Shelter Animals, and Pet Populations in Northern Colombia
Point Prevalence Survey for Tick-Borne Pathogens in Military Working Dogs, Shelter Animals, and Pet Populations in Northern Colombia M. E. McCown, DVM, MPH, DACVPM; A. Alleman, DVM, PhD, DABVP, DACVP;
More informationTICKS AND TICKBORNE DISEASES. Presented by Nicole Chinnici, MS, C.W.F.S East Stroudsburg University Northeast Wildlife DNA Laboratory
TICKS AND TICKBORNE DISEASES Presented by Nicole Chinnici, MS, C.W.F.S East Stroudsburg University Northeast Wildlife DNA Laboratory PA Lyme Medical Conference 2018 New Frontiers in Lyme and Related Tick
More informationEcology of RMSF on Arizona Tribal Lands
Ecology of RMSF on Arizona Tribal Lands Tribal Vector Borne Disease Meeting M. L. Levin Ph.D. Medical Entomology Laboratory Centers for Disease Control mlevin@cdc.gov Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Disease
More informationScreening for vector-borne disease. SNAP 4Dx Plus Test clinical reference guide
Screening for vector-borne disease SNAP 4Dx Plus Test clinical reference guide Every dog, every year The Companion Animal Parasite Council (CAPC) Guidelines recommend annual comprehensive screening for
More informationUpdate on Lyme disease and other tick-borne disease in North Central US and Canada
Update on Lyme disease and other tick-borne disease in North Central US and Canada Megan Porter, DVM Michigan State University 2018 CIF-SAF Joint Conference Tick season is here! Today s objectives: To
More informationIxodidae ticks of small ruminants in the region of Parvomai, Southern Bulgaria
590 Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 20 (No 3) 2014, 590-594 Agricultural Academy Ixodidae ticks of small ruminants in the region of Parvomai, Southern Bulgaria D. Y. Arnaudov 1, A. D. Arnaudov
More informationInternational Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 6, No 6, 2017,
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 6, No 6, 2017, 3362 3366 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) CONCURRENT HAEMOPROTOZOAN AND ENDOPARASITIC INFECTION IN GOATS *Subramanian
More informationScreening for vector-borne disease. SNAP 4Dx Plus Test clinical reference guide
Screening for vector-borne disease SNAP 4Dx Plus Test clinical reference guide Every dog, every year The Companion Animal Parasite Council (CAPC) Guidelines recommend annual comprehensive screening for
More informationDrd. OBADĂ MIHAI DORU. PhD THESIS ABSTRACT
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND VETERINARY MEDICINE ION IONESCU DE LA BRAD IAŞI FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE SPECIALIZATION MICROBIOLOGY- IMUNOLOGY Drd. OBADĂ MIHAI DORU PhD THESIS ABSTRACT RESEARCHES
More informationWild animals as hosts for anthropophilic tick species in Serbia
Wild animals as hosts for anthropophilic tick species in Serbia Snežana Tomanović,, PhD Laboratory for Medical Entomology, Center of excellence for food and vector borne zoonoses Institute for Medical
More informationWhat are Ticks? 4/22/15. Typical Hard Tick Life Cycle. Ticks of the Southeast The Big Five and Their Management
Ticks of the Southeast The Big Five and Their Management LT Jeff Hertz, MSC, USN PhD Student, Entomology and Nematology Dept., University of Florida What are Ticks? Ticks are MITES.really, really ig mites.
More informationCopyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere
More informationEhrlichia and Anaplasma: What Do We Need to Know in NY State Richard E Goldstein DVM DACVIM DECVIM-CA The Animal Medical Center New York, NY
Ehrlichia and Anaplasma: What Do We Need to Know in NY State Richard E Goldstein DVM DACVIM DECVIM-CA The Animal Medical Center New York, NY Learning Objectives The attendees will be familiar with the
More informationPublished in Vector Borne Zoonotic Diseases 2, issue 1, 3-9, 2002 which should be used for any reference to this work
Published in Vector Borne Zoonotic Diseases 2, issue 1, 3-9, 2002 which should be used for any reference to this work 1 Investigations on the Mode and Dynamics of Transmission and Infectivity of Borrelia
More informationRESULTS OF 5 YEARS OF INTEGRATED TICK MANAGEMENT IN RESIDENTIAL FAIRFIELD COUNTY, CT
RESULTS OF 5 YEARS OF INTEGRATED TICK MANAGEMENT IN RESIDENTIAL FAIRFIELD COUNTY, CT Scott C. Williams Center for Vector Biology & Zoonotic Diseases The CT Agricultural Experiment Station Pioneer Press:
More information9/26/2018 RESULTS OF 5 YEARS OF INTEGRATED TICK MANAGEMENT IN RESIDENTIAL FAIRFIELD COUNTY, CT PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS
RESULTS OF 5 YEARS OF INTEGRATED TICK MANAGEMENT IN RESIDENTIAL FAIRFIELD COUNTY, CT Scott C. Williams Center for Vector Biology & Zoonotic Diseases The CT Agricultural Experiment Station PUBLICATIONS
More informationEnvironment and Public Health: Climate, climate change and zoonoses. Nick Ogden Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
Environment and Public Health: Climate, climate change and zoonoses Nick Ogden Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Environment and zoonoses Environmental SOURCES: Agroenvironment
More informationBabesia spp. in ticks and wildlife in different habitat types of Slovakia
Hamšíková et al. Parasites & Vectors (2016) 9:292 DOI 10.1186/s13071-016-1560-z RESEARCH Babesia spp. in ticks and wildlife in different habitat types of Slovakia Open Access Zuzana Hamšíková 1, Mária
More informationTickborne Diseases. CMED/EPI-526 Spring 2007 Ben Weigler, DVM, MPH, Ph.D
Tickborne Diseases CMED/EPI-526 Spring 2007 Ben Weigler, DVM, MPH, Ph.D Reports of tick-borne disease in Washington state are relatively few in comparison to some areas of the United States. Though tick-borne
More informationFall 2017 Tick-Borne Disease Lab and DOD Human Tick Test Kit Program Update
Fall 2017 Tick-Borne Disease Lab and DOD Human Tick Test Kit Program Update Robyn Nadolny, PhD Laboratory Sciences US U.S. Tick-Borne Disease Laboratory The views expressed in this article are those of
More informationJournal of Vector Ecology 224. Vol. 31, no. 2
Journal of Vector Ecology 224 Factors influencing the distribution of questing ticks and the prevalence estimation of T. parva infection in brown ear ticks in the Tanga region, Tanzania E.S. Swai 1, E.D.
More informationCo-circulating microorganisms in questing Ixodes scapularis nymphs in Maryland
Vol. 32, no. 2 Journal of Vector Ecology 243 Co-circulating microorganisms in questing Ixodes scapularis nymphs in Maryland Katherine I. Swanson 1* and Douglas E. Norris The W. Harry Feinstone Department
More informationIxodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting humans in Tokat Province of Turkey: species diversity and seasonal activity
180 Journal of Vector Ecology June 2010 Ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting humans in Tokat Province of Turkey: species diversity and seasonal activity Ahmet Bursali 1, Saban Tekin 1, Mehmet Orhan
More informationTick-borne Disease Testing in Shelters What Does that Blue Dot Really Mean?
Tick-borne Disease Testing in Shelters What Does that Blue Dot Really Mean? 2017 ASPCA. All Rights Reserved. Your Presenter Stephanie Janeczko, DVM, MS, DABVP, CAWA Senior Director of Shelter Medical Programs
More informationCanine vector-borne diseases prevalence and prevention
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Canine vector-borne diseases prevalence and prevention Author : SIMON TAPPIN Categories : Vets Date : March 3, 2014 SIMON
More informationUC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works
UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Tik-borne rickettsial pathogens in ticks and small mammals in Korea Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7p60x6rn Journal Applied and Environmental
More informationMichael W Dryden DVM, PhD a Vicki Smith RVT a Bruce Kunkle, DVM, PhD b Doug Carithers DVM b
A Study to Evaluate the Acaricidal Efficacy of a Single Topical Treatment with a Topical Combination of Fipronil/Amitraz/ (S)-Methoprene Against Dermacentor Variabilis on Dogs Michael W Dryden DVM, PhD
More informationEvaluating the net effects of climate change on tick-borne disease in Panama. Erin Welsh November 18, 2015
Evaluating the net effects of climate change on tick-borne disease in Panama Erin Welsh November 18, 2015 Climate Change & Vector-Borne Disease Wide-scale shifts in climate will affect vectors and the
More informationEhrlichiosis, Anaplasmosis and other Vector Borne Diseases You May Not Be Thinking About Richard E Goldstein Cornell University Ithaca NY
Ehrlichiosis, Anaplasmosis and other Vector Borne Diseases You May Not Be Thinking About Richard E Goldstein Cornell University Ithaca NY Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis Ehrlichia canis The common etiologic
More informationIntroduction. Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases. Emerging diseases. Tick Biology and Tick-borne Diseases: Overview and Trends
Introduction Tick Biology and Tick-borne Diseases: Overview and Trends William L. Nicholson, PhD Pathogen Biology and Disease Ecology Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
More informationLyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)
Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi) Rancho Murieta Association Board Meeting August 19, 2014 Kent Fowler, D.V.M. Chief, Animal Health Branch California Department of Food and Agriculture Panel Members
More informationHow to talk to clients about heartworm disease
Client Communication How to talk to clients about heartworm disease Detecting heartworm infection early generally allows for a faster and more effective response to treatment. Answers to pet owners most
More informationA COLLECTION OF TICKS (IXODIDAE) FROM SULAWESI UTARA, INDONESIA
BIOTROPIA (2) 1988/1989: 32-37 A COLLECTION OF TICKS (IXODIDAE) FROM SULAWESI UTARA, INDONESIA L.A. DURDEN Department of Entomology, NHB 165, Museum Support Center Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.
More informationLyme Disease in Ontario
Lyme Disease in Ontario Hamilton Conservation Authority Deer Management Advisory Committee October 6, 2010 Stacey Baker Senior Program Consultant Enteric, Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Disease Unit Ministry
More informationsoft ticks hard ticks
Ticks Family Argasidae soft ticks Only 4 genera of Argasidae Argas, Ornithodoros, Otobius (not covered) and Carios (not covered) Family Ixodidae hard ticks Only 4 genera of Ixodidae covered because of
More informationThe Newsletter of the Florida Mosquito Control Association Volume 6, Issue Number 6 Nov/Dec 2006
The Newsletter of the Florida Mosquito Control Association Volume 6, Issue Number 6 Nov/Dec 2006 2007 FMCA Aerial Short Course Class January 16 18, 2007 Buckingham Army Airfield Fort Myers, FL See www.floridamosquito.org
More informationReview Article Effects of Climate Change on Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases in Europe
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases Volume 2009, Article ID 593232, 12 pages doi:10.1155/2009/593232 Review Article Effects of Climate Change on Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases in Europe
More informationWashington Tick Surveillance Project
Washington Tick Surveillance Project June 2014 July 2015 5th Year Summary Report for Project Partners We re happy to present a summary of our fifth year of tick surveillance and testing. Thanks to your
More informationInsect vectors. Dr. Carmen E. Rexach Micro 1 Mt SAC Biology Department Internet version
Insect vectors Dr. Carmen E. Rexach Micro 1 Mt SAC Biology Department Internet version Biological vs mechanical transmission Mechanical Pathogen is picked up from a source and deposited on another location
More informationFinnzymes Oy. PathoProof Mastitis PCR Assay. Real time PCR based mastitis testing in milk monitoring programs
PathoProof TM Mastitis PCR Assay Mikko Koskinen, Ph.D. Director, Diagnostics, Finnzymes Oy Real time PCR based mastitis testing in milk monitoring programs PathoProof Mastitis PCR Assay Comparison of the
More information