Focus English Skills Exercise 3: Review & Focus. Sentence Structure and Formation. Review Review 16-19

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1 English Skills Exercise 3: Review & Focus Sentence Structure and Formation Review Review Use conjunctions or punctuation to join simple clauses. Revise the shifts in verb tenses between simple clauses in a sentence or between simple adjoining sentences. Determine the need for punctuation and conjunctions to avoid awkward-sounding sentence fragments and fused sentences. Decide the appropriate verb tense and voice by considering the meaning of the entire sentence. Focus Recognize and correct marked disturbances of sentence flow and structure (e.g., participial phrase fragments, missing or incorrect relative pronouns, dangling or misplaced modifiers). Text Questions [1] More and more animals are listed increasingly 1 as endangered species. Environmental problems created by an expanding global population will have 2 caused serious problems for many species. Others are endangered because they have been hunted or smuggled. Whatever the case, some animals just don t have much of a chance out there among the 1. The best placement for the underlined portion would be: A. Where it is now. B. After the word as C. After the word are D. As the first word of the sentence 2. Which is the best choice? Why? B. have C. has D. had Earth s population. Recently a study revealed that there are approximately 35 different animals with

2 world populations of under 1,000. Some have become endangered many have always been rare. Included 3 among the most rare of the endangered species are a turtle nicknamed Lonesome George and the Lord Howe Island stick insect. 3. Which is the best choice? Why? B. endangered because many C. endangered although some D. endangered, and many The most rare and definitely unique species is The Pinta Island Tortoise. Although there are approximately 20, 000 other tortoises living among the Galapagos Islands, this hard shelled turtle named George is the only one found on Pinta Island in the Galapagos Islands. George, being the only one with his unique genetic make-up is the sole survivor of the 4 ever- diminishing species of Great Galapagos tortoises. Over time, the tortoises have been hunted by pirates and sailors for their meat, and their habitat has also been impacted by goats who were introduced on 5 to the island. 4. Which is the best choice? Why? B. George, being the only one with his unique genetic make-up, C. George being the only one with his unique genetic make-up, D. George, being the only one, with his unique genetic make-up 5. Which is the best choice? Why? B. when C. whom D. that This leaves George as the last tortoise found in Researchers who work for the Charles Darwin Institute are desperate to find a female of the species 6. Which is the best choice? Why? B. left C. will leave D. will have left and they are offering $10,000 to anyone who can help

3 save this species. Another rarity, the Lord Howe Island stick insect had not been seen alive in over 70 years. The stick insects were once very common on Lord Howe Island, they 7. Which is the best choice? Why? B. and they C. because they D. yet they 7 were often used as bait in fishing. Known as "land lobsters" or "walking sausages," the behavior of this stick insect is highly unusual for an insect species. [8] A bond of some kind by the males and females is formed. [9] The males follow the females, and their activities depend on what the female is doing. The six- inch long insects had once been common on the neighboring Lord Howe Island but were assumed to have been eaten into extinction by black rats introduced when a supply ship ran aground in However, the remnants of a once massive volcano, Ball's Pyramid which juts 1,843 feet out of the Pacific Ocean, now 10 has the distinction of being home to the world s rarest insect. In 2001, the scientists found a colony of the huge Lord Howe Island stick insects living under a single bush, a hundred feet up the otherwise entirely infertile rock. 8. Which is the best replacement for the underlined portion? Why? B. The behavior of this stick insect known as "land lobsters" or "walking sausages, is highly unusual for an insect species. C. Known as "land lobsters" or "walking sausages, this stick insect exhibits highly unusual behavior. D. The behavior of this stick insect is highly unusual for an insect species known as "land lobsters" or "walking sausages. 9. Which is the best replacement for the underlined portion? Why? B. Some kind of a bond is formed by the males and females. C. Forming a bond between the males and females. D. The males and females form some kind of bond. 10. Which is the best choice? Why? B. Delete the underlined phrase C., which juts 1,843 feet out of the Pacific Ocean, D.,which juts 1,843 feet out

4 Somehow a few of the wingless insects escaped and managed curiously by means still unknown to travel kilometers of open ocean, land on Ball's Pyramid, and survive there. Just 27 of the insects have been found on the rocky spire. They are currently being 11. Which is the best choice? Why? B. Move underlined section after few C. Delete the underlined section D. Move underlined section to end of sentence after there bred in captivity. As of 2008 the population had grown to about 450 insects and 20 had been returned to a special habitat on Lord Howe Island. Researchers, scientists, and animal rights activists continue to work to find ways to stop the extinction of many endangered species like these two; only time will tell.

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