SURVEY OF HIMALAYAN BALSAM (Impatiens glandulifera) IN THE CLUN CATCHMENT
|
|
- Matilda Snow
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SURVEY OF HIMALAYAN BALSAM (Impatiens glandulifera) IN THE CLUN CATCHMENT PART 1
2 0. Contents 1. Summary BACKGROUND INFORMATION Project funding Status of Himalayan Balsam in the Clun Catchment in April Identification and Biology of Himalayan Balsam Project Outline SURVEY Target Area for Survey Field Survey Approach Reported Sightings Approach Summary of Field Survey Results - Clun Summary of Field Survey Results - Unk Summary of Field Survey Results - Kemp Summary of Field Survey Results - Hopesay Brook Summary of Field Survey Results - Hopton Brook Summary of Field Survey Results - Redlake Summary of Field Survey Results - Minor Watercourses in the Catchment Practicalities of Field Surveying Presence of Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica) Giant Hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum) Reported Sightings from the Public Overall Distribution Photographic Evidence of Himalayan Balsam... 33
3 1. Summary Himalayan Balsam is an issue in the Clun Catchment. It poses a risk to the Freshwater Pearl Mussel because it leaves banksides vulnerable to erosion during winter flooding and consequently leads to the sedimentation of gravels in which the mussels live. During 2013, Natural England provided the Shropshire Hills AONB funding to survey the catchment for the presence of Himalayan Balsam and to undertake a limited amount of management in its upper locations. This is on account of the organisation s responsibilities in promoting the conservation of the Special Area of Conservation located near Leintwardine, where the mussels occur. Himalayan Balsam is a species of concern for the Environment Agency too. The organisation s Corporate Plan points out its responsibilities in implementing the England Biodiversity Strategy and presents Aim 2.3, to help to reduce the impact of the most damaging waterrelated non-native species under its role to Help to enhance the environment and biodiversity to improve quality of life. The Environment Agency has supported the project by: helping to identify locations of Himalayan Balsam; providing authority to SHAONB staff to access riverside sites and underlining the responsibilities of farmers in controlling Himalayan Balsam on targeted site visits. A better understanding of the spread and density of Himalayan Balsam has been derived through the project; it occurs along 41km of the River Clun and its tributaries, accounting for14.5% of the total catchment. The complete eradication of Himalayan Balsam in the catchment is likely to be unattainable; however a concerted effort to control the species by landowners and targeted contractor effort would go a long way towards avoiding an escalation of the problem.
4 2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Himalayan Balsam growing at the field edge along the River Kemp
5 2.1 Project funding The Invasive Non-Native Species Framework Strategy for Great Britain (NNSS 2008) places much emphasis on prevention measures for non-native species, stating This will maximise the potential reduction in adverse impacts and the costs associated with tackling invasions once they achieve a foothold It should therefore be given high priority. In the River Clun SSSI/SAC Restoration Strategy (Atkins, March 2012) commissioned by Natural England, invasive species are considered one of the key issues that are having an adverse impact on the characteristic habitats and species that are typical of the river. In early 2013, Natural England identified funding to be made available to SHAONB to undertake a comprehensive survey of the catchment for Himalayan Balsam. Funds were also set aside for the writing of a proposed control strategy. The outputs are presented in this document. Within 50 miles of Craven Arms there appear to be only two other projects recorded by NNSS as specifically dealing with Himalayan Balsam - the Monnow Rivers Association and the Cannock Chase Streams of Life (Staffordshire Wildlife Trust).
6 2.2 Status of Himalayan Balsam in the Clun Catchment in April 2013 The NNSS (GB Non-Native Species Secretariat) describes the status of Himalayan Balsam in England as Established.Well established and extremely invasive throughout most of lowland Great Britain Impact is high in Great Britain. It is rapid-spreading on soft banks of waterbodies, dominant, forming extensive monoculture stands to the exclusion of most other plants. It now occurs in at least 108 of the 112 vice-counties in over km (hectad) squares. Figure 1a shows Himalayan Balsam s presence in the area according to NBN Gateway. Planttracker (planttracker.naturelocator.org) does not (in April 2013) show a realistic extent of Himalayan Balsam in the area, with only two verified locations in the catchment marked (both being beside Clun Castle). A Risk Assessment or Invasive Species Action Plan for Himalayan Balsam has not yet been devised by the NNSS. Currently it is estimated that it would cost between million to eradicate Himalayan Balsam from the UK (10). Mike Kelly of the Shropshire Hills AONB has over the last decade noted the existence of Himalayan Balsam as part of site visits he has undertaken in the area. These have not been mapped or digitised and therefore records are difficult to interrogate. However, one piece of information that has been ascertained through this process is that Himalayan Balsam does not tend to occur above Clun Village. During 2012, The Environment Agency undertook a survey of Clun village vicinity and also considered its previous site visits and confirmed the SHAONB s assessment. With the view that it is best to ascertain the uppermost location of Himalayan Balsam as the parent source of seed in the catchment, a map of the location of the species around Clun was drawn up by the Environment Agency (Figure 1b). This showed Himalayan Balsam to occur at Leasowes and Bicton Farm. The Jacobs Report Clun Restoration Strategy states Invasive species pose a problem within the Clun Catchment. In particular, Himalayan Balsam which was found along bank sides in various spots during January 2013, although it was difficult to identify the extent of its occurrence due to the midwinter timing of the survey Himalayan Balsam poses problems in terms of biodiversity of the riparian habitat as a whole since it out-competes less vigorous native species, thus reducing their abundance, but also in terms of bank stability, where the shallow roots do not provide the stability that other trees and shrubs might afford. Figure 1c indicates the findings of the winter survey. Other methods of ascertaining distribution had not been pursued before April For example, farmers do not tend to advertise the fact that they have Himalayan Balsam because it is a requirement to control the species as part of Single Farm Payment conditions, and so it may have proved difficult to glean this information had questionnaires been undertaken. No comprehensive information is available as to which landowners undertake management of Himalayan Balsam and whether this is timed correctly. The status of applications for permission to herbicide treat riverside Himalayan Balsam received by the Environment Agency over the last five years is unknown. At the River Workshop organised by the SHAONB & Environment Agency at Purslow (February 2013) an insight into current management was gained; a number of attendees raised the issue that they were not prepared to control Himalayan Balsam on account of the fact that it was a losing battle because the species was arriving from upstream.
7 Figure 1a: Distribution of Himalayan Balsam in Locality According to NBN Gateway (30/4/2013) Grey shaded areas show presence on Himalayan balsam (c) Crown Copyright and database rights 2013 Ordnance survey Figure 1b: Extent of Himalayan Balsam on the River Clun at Clun (Environment Agency, 2013)
8 Figure 1c
9 2.3 Identification and Biology of Himalayan Balsam Introduced into the UK in 1839 from Northern India (1, 2) Typically found on riverbanks and in damp areas (1, 3); moist and semi-shaded damp places, predominant on banksides by slow-moving watercourses (5). Tolerate low light levels (8) Has spread at an average rate of 645km2 per year in the UK (2, 7) The plant is annual (1, 5) It is the tallest annual plant in Britain (7) The species can grow into dense stands (1, 5). The leaves are dark green, lance-shaped, have a dark-red midrib, serrated edges and can grow up to 150mm long (1, 4) 5-18 cm long (5) They grow on the stem in whorls of three (4) or opposite (5). The stems are pinkish-red-translucent, sappy, succulent, brittle, stout and hollow with side branches originating from joints in the stem (1, 4, 5) It can grow up to 3m tall (1, 4, 7), 2m tall (3) 2.5m tall (5, 10) 2-3m (8) It has a shallow, fleshy root system (2) The flowers are slipper shaped, with helmeted upper petal and short spur (5), and they are purplish-pink or white in colour with a strong balsam smell (5). Flowers begin to appear in June (1, 4) June August (3) June-October on long stalks (4, 7, 8) July-October (5) Dehiscent seed pods explode when touched or shaken (7).The exploding seed pods mature in late July/August(1) From mid-july onwards (5) Seeds are set from August to October or until frost kills the plants(7) Onset of flowering can be delayed by 2-3 weeks in shaded sites (5). Each pod can contain up to 16 seeds. (1) 4-16 seeds (7) A plant can produce up to 800 seeds (2, 5, 7, 8) 2500 seeds per plant each year ((Invasive Weed Solutions Limited) 30,000 seeds per m2 (7) The white, brown and black seeds can be catapulted up to 7m. (1, 4, 5, 7, 8)
10 They can be further spread by water movements (3) Seeds remain viable in the soil for: 1 year (1) 18 months (2, 3), 2 years (4, 8, 9) Most seeds overwinter for one season before germinating the following spring (they have a chilling requirement), however there is some evidence of a persistant seedbank lasting for at least 2 years (5, 7) Seed character suggests the seed should persist for less than 5 years (7). The seeds have a chilling requirement for germination to occur (7). Seeds can germinate underwater (Invasive Weed Solutions Limited). Germination occurs in February-March, followed by rapid shoot extension and leaf expansion from April (5). Seedlings begin to emerge as early as March (1); Seedlings can mature as late as November (1) One year of effective control (pre-seeding) can eradicate the problem (1); three years of control should sufficiently deplete the seed store (any plants remaining after a three year program will have germinated from either seed of plants surviving the control methods or new seed arriving from outside the control area) (2); two years of control should eradicate the plant if there is no further infestation from upstream (3) Impact Invasive; dense stands shade out native species (1, 3, 5, 9). It may reduce species richness by 25% (7) It successfully competes with native plant species for space, light, nutrients and pollinators, and excludes other plant growth, thereby reducing native biodiversity (10). Bare areas are left following autumn dieback, so leaving areas liable to erosion (1, 3, 4, 9, 10) and destruction of bankside structure (5) Dense stands can impede water flow at times of high rainfall, thereby increasing the likelihood of flooding (5). Dead plant material can enter the waterbody thereby increasing risk of flooding (10). The copious sugary nectar (with extended flowering period) is attractive to native insects, luring species away from pollinating native flowers (1, 5, 9, 10). This form of indirect competition can reduce the genetic diversity of native species and lessen their fitness by reducing seed set (10). Seeds may be spread by human intervention on equipment and clothing (eg. fishermen) and by movement of contaminated soil; equipment should be checked, cleaned, washed and dried. Seeds in mud may be carried by animals. Stands restrict access to the river (10) Most Relevant Legislation Under the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 it is an offence under section 14(2) of the Act to plant or otherwise cause to grow in the wild any plant listed in Schedule 9, Part II. (The Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 include increased penalties available to the courts for offences committed under W&CA). Non-native plant weed material is considered a controlled waste and must be disposed of in accordance with, and environmental permit issues under, the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2007, unless one of the exemptions set out in Schedule 3 of these regulations applies (although exemptions also require registration with the Environment Agency). The Food and Environment Protection Act 1985 (Control of pesticides Regulations 1986, as amended) sets out the rules on using pesticides to control weeds growing in water or on land. Product labels of aquatic herbicides highlight the need to get permission from the Environment Agency to use herbicides on the banks of a watercourse.
11 Photo showing serrated leaves in whorls Photo taken in September 2013 showing explosive seed pods
12 Mike Kelly, River Valleys Officer, demonstrating the tallness of the plant (at 2.5m) and the tight root system
13 2.4 Project Outline Quotes for HB Treatment Survey of HB Treatment of HB Action Detail Schedule Completion Funding Funding sought by SHAONB for HB survey and works for period Funding from Natural England confirmed SHAONB to seek further funding for February 2013 April 2013 January 2014 Completed Completed N/A 2014 Access Arrangements Authorisation for land access to be sought from Environment Agency by SHAONB staff; this will permit access on site without needing to contact individual landowners (which is time- Mid May 2013 Completed consuming). Quotes to be sought from at least two contractors as a daily rate Gauge of how much can be achieved in a set time, using choice of methods to be sought Identify target area for project (see below) Survey approach to be decided (see below) Survey of HB to be undertaken by SHAONB staff * EA application form AqHerb01 to be completed, if necessary, to secure approval for herbicide treatment. Risk assessment to be drawn up for contractor(s) Contractor or contractors to be appointed; to be issued with EA authority Contractors to commence treatments Contractors to complete works Late April 2013 Late April 2013 Early May 2013 Early May 2013 Late May 2013 Late May 2013 Late May 2013 Late May 2013 Early June 2013 Late July 2013 Completed Completed Completed Completed Completed July 2013 Avoided; Bicton Farm undertaken by owner, remainder handpulled Completed Completed Started mid-june Completed August Paid August Monitoring Publicity Payment to be made to contractors SHAONB staff to approve completion of treatments on a week by week basis ie. Site visits made SHAONB staff to revisit sites and pull up any emerging /flowering stems missed by previous treatments; where growth is significant, contractors to be re-employed subject to remaining funding. Seek HB sightings at Clun Green Man Festival Publicise work and seek sightings through Press Release Seek HB sightings through School questionnaire Produce a flier to provide information to the public Publicise work and seek sightings through LLL Publicise work and seek sightings through NFU Publicise work and seek sightings through Shropshire HUB Record project on NNSS website Late July 2013 Mid June 2013-Late July 2013 August 2013 May 2013 May 2013 May 2013 May 2013 May 2013 June 2013 May/June 2013 July 2013 Extended into August Clean-up days set aside by contractors Completed Completed Analysis completed Leaflet uploaded to web Sept; draft poster not circulated during 2013 Completed NFU contacted; no progress Completed Completed August 2014 Project Outline Record sightings on Plant-tracker Publicise contractor work through Press Release Complete compilation of strategy, consult others and make available on SHAONB website Contact riverside owners regarding responsibilities for HB control; circulate guidance notes on control methods. If funding available, employ contractors to undertake treatments; if funding unavailable, organise volunteer groups to undertake hand-pulling treatment August 2013 August 2013 December 2013 Spring 2014 May 2014 Completed August; also placed on Shropshire Botanical Society Database in October Completed August Draft form completed December *Surveys for Japanese knotweed and Giant Hogweed to be undertaken at the same time as for Himalayan Balsam.
14 3. SURVEY Himalayan Balsam growing on the banks of the River Clun, on the upstream side of Jay Bridge.
15 3.1. Target Area for Survey Based on existing information, during 2013 it was planned to focus survey effort on the River Clun, from approximately 3km upstream of Clun Village, all the way down to its junction with The Teme. Based on EA information, a survey was to be undertaken of the Unk up to Bicton Farm. As no information was available on the extent of Himalayan Balsam on the main tributaries of the Kemp, Hopesay Brook, Hopton Brook and Redlake, it was intended to survey the full lengths of these rivers. It was not proposed that all brooks associated with all the watercourses were also surveyed, though this was dependent on what was discovered during the main survey. Surveying was delayed until the very end of May on account of the long winter and the lateness of the growth season. Even in the first week of June most plants were only around 8cm high and only visible when viewed at close proximity. A handful of Himalayan Balsam plants had started to flower in the second week of July, around a month late. Figure 2: Survey Reaches
16 3.2. Field Survey Approach Each field along the water course was visited by SHAONB staff. Generally landowners were not contacted prior to gaining access; an authorisation letter from the Environment Agency was in hand. The existence and extent of Himalayan Balsam was marked for each field on the relevant map. The existence of Japanese knotweed and Giant Hogweed was also noted. Coverage of Himalayan Balsam were judged as to whether it gave an impression of being not observed, rare, occasional, frequent or abundant. These categories were marked on the relevant map. (The Plant-tracker scale of Low=<1m sq, Med= 1m-5m sq, High=>5m sq was not opted for). Photographs were taken at the time of survey or soon after to illustrate the presence of Himalayan Balsam. A summary sheet of reach conditions was devised and filled out on return to the office (see below). Raw mapped data was transferred to GIS and included as part of the summary sheet. As part of office-based work, grid references were sought for occurrences of Himalayan Balsam at regular intervals along the reaches from SCC igis; this information was sent to d.kilbey@bristol.ac.uk using a proforma, so that it could be uploaded to Planttracker.naturelocator.org (see Appendix M).
17 3.3. Reported Sightings Approach Reports of Himalayan Balsam from the Environment Agency were included as part of the main field survey information. Press releases and questionnaires were issued (see Project Outline). Reports of Himalayan Balsam from farmers, the public and school children were noted.
18 3.4. Summary of Field Survey Results - Clun The uppermost location of Himalayan Balsam on the Clun was found to be at (junction of brook and River Clun at Leasowes Farm) just above Clun village. This was based on confirmed early sightings by the EA and absence of confirmations above this point, as well as the 2013 survey findings. Farmers contacted through the Land, Life and Livelihoods newsletter did not provide any information to dispute this. Himalayan Balsam was found along the whole of the Clun to the junction with the Teme however the width of plants was surprisingly narrow in the main (probably around 2-3m width). The density of Himalayan Balsam became most prolific from Hurst Mill downstream via Clunton to Purslow Farm and then again from Clunbury to Oaker Cottage. Here Himalayan Balsam was so abundant that it was found to be spreading into hedgerows, woodlands and roadside verges. Though Himalayan Balsam was often located on beaches, it was also found on short to medium cliff faces and the top of banks, normally within the area which appeared to reach the usual strand line. It was noticeable that in locations grazed by stock, new plants still originated in disturbed soil such as mole hills and still occurred at the edges of fenced fields by the river. However, plants were most prominent in areas that were prevented from being grazed due to the presence of fence lines or existence of cliffs. Some plants also occurred along the edge of arable fields. (See Survey of Himalayan Balsam in the Clun Catchment: Part 2 for Survey Sheets)
19 3.5. Summary of Field Survey Results - Unk The highest location of Himalayan Balsam on the Unk was found to be at Bicton Farm ( ); this was based on confirmed early sightings by the EA and the absence of confirmations above this point. Bicton Farm was exceptional in having large numbers of Himalayan Balsam away from the river, and in having Giant Hogweed and Japanese Knotweed present there too. One gets the impression that the farm is a key source of seed along the river. Reach HBUnk1 had a rather bitty presence of Himalayan Balsam; the greatest concentrations being in the north within horse-grazed fields. The reach was quite well wooded; Himalayan Balsam was often found where there were gaps in the canopy where cattle couldn t graze, but also along nettle-rich banks. At present, Himalayan Balsam seems to be a minor problem along the Unk. (See Survey of Himalayan Balsam in the Clun Catchment: Part 2 for Survey Sheets)
20 3.6. Summary of Field Survey Results - Kemp The highest location of Himalayan Balsam on the Kemp was found to be at SPARC centre at Bishops Castle It appears that this is an isolated clump as spot checks immediately downstream do not record its presence. The next observed sighting is at Little Brampton Farm at ; this conclusion was based on walking the bottom section of the Kemp. It appears that Himalayan Balsam occurs in the very meandering section of river nearest the River Clun. A concentration of Himalayan Balsam occurs close to an abandoned building and could have seeded from there, though one does get an impression that seed may have floated up-river when the nearby Clun has flooded and become deposited in the lower meanders of the Kemp. (See Survey of Himalayan Balsam in the Clun Catchment: Part 2 for Survey Sheets)
21 3.7. Summary of Field Survey Results - Hopesay Brook The highest location of Himalayan Balsam on the Hopesay Brook was found to be at Hesterworth at ; this was based on the walking of the main branch of the watercourse and then undertaking spot checks on the minor branches. The presence of Himalayan Balsam was often as individual plants; the greatest concentration occurred in a newly-planted woodland, where grazing was absent, where the brook became particularly narrow. The area closest to Hesterworth was well-wooded with few sunlit gaps for Himalayan Balsam to establish. At present, Himalayan Balsam seems to be a minor problem along the brook. (See Survey of Himalayan Balsam in the Clun Catchment: Part 2 for Survey Sheets)
22 3.8. Summary of Field Survey Results - Hopton Brook The initial kilometre of the brook from its junction with the River Clun was walked and no Himalayan Balsam was found. A spot check was undertaken at the junction with the B road north of Heath House and no Himalayan Balsam was found there. It is therefore assumed that HB is not an issue along the brook. Perhaps the well-vegetated junction with the River Clun and the wellvegetated brook itself has prevented Himalayan Balsam from establishing with ease. (See Survey of Himalayan Balsam in the Clun Catchment: Part 2 for Survey Sheets)
23 3.9. Summary of Field Survey Results - Redlake The highest location of Himalayan Balsam on the Redlake was found to be at ; this was based on the walking of the main branch of the watercourse to Bucknell village and then undertaking spot checks a few kilometres above Bucknell. Between Bucknell and Coxall Farm there were only handfuls of plants present. The greatest concentration of Himalayan Balsam on the Redlake was at Coxall Farm and Adley Moor. Clumps of Himalayan Balsam plants occurred downstream of Jay Barns to the junction with the River Clun. It appears that much of the source of the Himalayan Balsam seed is from the vicinity of Coxall Farm. In proportion to the length of the Redlake, the area affected is quite short, however along that stretch Himalayan Balsam is quite frequent. Reaches 6-11 were not surveyed due to the absence of Himalayan Balsam immediately downstream. (See Survey of Himalayan Balsam in the Clun Catchment: Part 2 for Survey Sheets)
24 3.10. Summary of Field Survey Results - Minor Watercourses in the Catchment Himalayan balsam on minor watercourses in the lower catchment was generally restricted to flood zone areas adjoining the River Clun and usually does not extend more than a few tens of metres away from the main river. The following spot check investigations away from flood zone areas did not identify presence. Spot check on minor watercourses: The Green, Clun Clunton to Bury Ditches road West of Oaker Cottage, Aston on Clun Broome, south of Broome Farm Near the Rectory, Clungunford West of The Lynches (near Marlow) Broome Road, The Gables The status of Himalayan Balsam along minor watercourses was therefore assumed to be negligible. No other information came to light, such as from EA observations, to suggest otherwise.
25
26 3.11. Practicalities of Field Surveying Where tree cover was dense (eg. large trees closely spaced, field margin scrub tightly flailed) it proved difficult to assess Himalayan Balsam presence from the river bank eg. HBUnk1, HBClun9. In most cases there were some breaks in tree cover to allow observation of the river margin. Deep dingles occurred in HBLeasowes1 and made it extremely hazardous to survey for Himalayan Balsam. A gauge of presence was able to be assessed, however. Surveying early in the season (May-early June) required the surveyor to be on top of the Himalayan Balsam in order to detect its presence. (Himalayan Balsam would have been easiest to survey from late July-August when plants were in flower). In later season visits, some Himalayan Balsam was observed, which hadn t been identified in the earlier survey eg. HBClun3. By early July riverside vegetation could be very tall, whilst Himalayan Balsam plants were generally less than 60cm tall. The surveyor needed to part through vegetation in order to gain access to the river s edge. Eg. HBRedlake1 Binoculars were a useful tool in detecting Himalayan Balsam on the opposite side of the river. Barbed wire and netted fences or hedgerows and thickets prevented a smooth journey along the river bank, especially where there were changes in ownership. Bridges across the river were rare and therefore for any particular reach, plants were normally observed from one side of the river.
27 3.12. Presence of Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica) These species were only found at Bicton Farm. Appendix B: Japanese knotweed, Fallopia japonica (from NNSS) Short description Herbaceous perennial, with stems typically about 2m tall and an extensive system of rhizomes. It has large, roughly triangular leaves with truncate (not cordate (heart-shaped)) bases.japanese knotweed is an invasive non-native weed, mainly in urban areas where it is considered a nuisance in property development, because plants regrowing from rhizomes can come up through gaps in flooring in conservatories and patios. Impacts summary Possibly the most economically important invasive non-native species in GB, as eradication is required by law in property development sites and that can be expensive. It has only limited impact ecologically. Habitat summary Urban areas, river banks and waste ground, usually in full sunshine. It is not shade tolerant and does not persist in woods. Long established stands by rivers tend to have a similar vernal ground flora to W6 Alnus glutinosa woods, with F. japonica providing the canopy layer during the summer months Dispersal Mechanisms Dispersal is by deliberate or inadvertent human activity, except along rivers, where root pieces can be washed downstream during floods and subsequently become established elsewhere. Reproduction Plants in GB are a male-sterile clone, so no seed is produced, although it can hybridise with other species of Fallopia. Known Predators/Herbivores None known. Resistant Stages All stages are viable; it does not produce seed in GB. Habitat Occupied in GB Mostly urban areas and riverbanks. Sometimes it is found established on the edges of arable fields and other places where garden waste or topsoil has been dumped Environmental Impact
28 Its ecosystem impact is undocumented but seems likely to be low. Often-repeated claims of its impact on native species are not supported by evidence; it usually occurs in highly degraded urban situations where the native flora is already impoverished. Health and Social Impact There are no documented health or social impacts. It has a considerable benefit to the environmental services industry, including waste disposal licensees. Economic Impact The high economic impact is due to legislation that makes its eradication a legal requirement and the cost of its disposal expensive. Eradicating it from construction sites can cost well over 1,000 per square metre and, as a controlled waste, it can be expensive to dispose of the 'contaminated' topsoil. The total global cost of its control could be hundreds of millions of pounds per annum. Many sources claim that it can grow through solid concrete, but this claim is not supported by any published evidence and seems unlikely to be true. Risk Assessments NNSS have devised a risk assessment for the species. It has not produced an Invasive Species Action Plan.
29 3.13. Giant Hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum) Giant Hogweed, Heracleum mantegazzianum (from NNSS) Short description Aptly named giant, this umbellifer (member of the cow-parsley family) has flowering stems typically 2-3 m high bearing umbels of flowers up to 80 cm in diameter. The basal leaves are often 1 m or more in size. First recorded in Giant hogweed is widespread in lowland GB, and is invasive by lowland rivers and on waste land. Impacts summary The sap can sensitize human skin to ultra-violet light, leading to severe blisters. Affected skin may remain sensitive for several years. The plant is also a vigorous competitor, producing almost pure stands which exclude native vegetation and hinder anglers. Habitat summary It is especially abundant by lowland streams and rivers, but also occurs widely on waste ground and in rough pastures. It grows on moist fertile soils, achieving its greatest stature in partial shade. In more open grassland, flowering may be delayed by repeated grazing Dispersal Mechanisms The species reproduces entirely by seeds; fruits are oval-elliptical broadly winged mericarps. which are dispersed by wind, water and humans. Reproduction The species is monocarpic, that is, it reproduces only once in its lifetime. Plants are able to selffertilize. A single plant produces about 20,000 seeds which have to be stratified in the soil in cold and wet conditions during winter and then are highly germinable. Known Predators/Herbivores Insect or pathogens have little effect. Grazing by livestock can significantly decrease the reproductive output but also prolong the lifespan before flowering. Resistant Stages Seeds form a short-term persistent seed-bank; the majority of them germinate the following year after release and only about 1% of seeds are able to survive more than 3 years in the soil Environmental Impact The species may form dense stands reducing species diversity. Health and Social Impact
30 The plant produces phytotoxic sap. The sap contains photosensitizing furanocoumarins, which in contact with human skin and combined with UV radiation cause skin burnings. The intensity of the reaction depends on individual sensitivity. The danger to human health complicates eradication efforts. Economic Impact It has not been defined but it clearly lowers the recreational value of the landscape due to human health risk. Risk Assessments NNSS have devised a risk assessment for the species. It has not produced an Invasive Species Action Plan.
31 3.14. Reported Sightings from the Public The limited number of sightings received did not warrant the creation of a separate GIS map. Green Man Festival Though there was some interest from the public, no person highlighted Himalayan Balsam in the catchment other than from outside the catchment area. The show did not coincide with when the plants were in flower and this is likely to have limited the number of responses. LLL Publicity A request for sightings of Himalayan Balsam was made in the June s Land, Life and Livelihoods (LLL) newsletter. No reports were made of Himalayan Balsam in the upper reaches of the Clun by resident farmers. Though this method of ascertaining presence is not wholly reliable, it does seem to confirm the observations of SHAONB and EA. Shropshire HUB E-letter One phone call was received from a landowner outside the catchment requesting information on how Himalayan Balsam may be controlled. No sightings in the Clun catchment were reported. NFU Publicity NFU were contacted by SHAONB to ascertain whether they would be able to publicise the survey for the Himalayan Balsam. Sarah Faulkner of the NFU attended a Clun Steering Group meeting where the problems of Himalayan Balsam and the responsibilities of farmers were discussed. Subsequently Sarah Faulkner stated that she would be willing to feed into the strategy and run it past members. No sightings information was therefore obtained from the NFU. Press Releases This generated two phone calls from the public to state that Himalayan Balsam was present in the gardens close to Clun Bridge and the gardens below Clungunford Bridge. The handful of other phone calls received related to Himalayan Balsam outside the Clun Catchment. Isolated Sightings During August, a report was made by Jeff Edwards (Natural England) of Himalayan Balsam at Sparc Leisure Centre in Bishops Castle. This appeared to be a self-contained area of Himalayan Balsam amongst dense wetland vegetation. Teme Leisure g.owen@teme-leisure.co.uk were contacted to undertake control of the plants. During August, Adam Shipp (Environment Agency) noted Himalayan Balsam on the Bishops Castle to Clunbury Road; a patch by the road at Bronte Cottage, Brockton (SO ); - now removed.
32 3.15. Overall Distribution Overall distribution map taken from Plantracker following uploading of selected survey results. Affected catchment (41km) affects 14.5% of the Clun catchment (283km). Bicton Aston on Clun Clun Bucknell Leintwardine
33 4. Photographic Evidence of Himalayan Balsam Himalayan Balsam growing along roadside verge Himalayan Balsam growing at the base of hedge, some distance from the River Clun Himalayan Balsam growing on steep bank well above the river
34 Himalayan Balsam growing amongst nettles beside the River Unk, highlighting the need for careful observation when surveying early on in the growing season. Himalayan Balsam growing at base of brook channel at Leasowes Farm, amongst varied vegetation Himalayan Balsam growing along cliff face within HBClun2
35 Himalayan Balsam at Hurst Barns Point bar near Beambridge showing some Himalayan Balsam regrowth following a July strim by landowner Himalayan Balsam growing in the buffer zone created by a new fenceline (river to rear)
36 Example of a Himalayan Balsam plant (Bicton Farm) only 4cm in height, yet still able to flower. Area of Himalayan Balsam sprayed off with herbicide (Bicton Farm); isolated flowering seedlings apparent at the circumference. Himalayan Balsam growing along the roadside amongst a heap of composted material and spoil (near Bicton Farm)
37 Area of Himalayan Balsam at roadside successfully controlled by strimming (Bicton Farm) Isolated occurrence of Himalayan Balsam at SParc Leisure Centre (Bishops Castle) Seedlings of Himalayan Balsam at Bicton Farm in late May/early June 2013
38 Clungunford Bridge Purslow Farm Hurst Mill
39 Clun SAC - Himalayan balsam at Mill Lane footbridge
40 4: REFERENCES Himalayan Balsam along the River Kemp
41 References 1) Camel Valley Invasives Group HB Guidance and Control leaflet 2) A Report on Himalayan Balsam Control in the Wye Valley AONB ) Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Information Sheet 3: Himalayan Balsam ) Environment Agency Managing invasive non-native plants in or near fresh water ) Himalayan Balsam Overview NNSS ) Agreement to Use Herbicides in or near Water Guidance Notes, Environment Agency, January ) Himalayan Balsam Organic Weed Management, Garden Organic, 2007 including HDRA The Biology and Non-chemical Control of Himalayan Balsam ) Himalayan Balsam Advice Search, Royal Horticultural Society, ) Himalayan Balsam RAFTS Species Scotland.co.uk 10) Himalayan Balsam is a highly invasive annual weed
42 Appendix A
43 Appendix B
44 Appendix C
45 Appendix D:
46
47
48 APPENDIX L:
49 Appendix M: Survey Information for Uploading to PlantTracker Date_Rec Taxon Amount lat long dd/mm/yyyy e.g. Japanese Knotweed e.g. low, medium or high , /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high
50 30/07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high
51 30/07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low
52 30/07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low
53 30/07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high
54 30/07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high
55 30/07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium
56 30/07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low
57 30/07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam medium /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam high /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Himalayan Balsam low /07/2013 Japanese Knotweed low /07/2013 Giant Hogweed low /07/2013 Giant Hogweed low /07/2013 Giant Hogweed low
58
59 Appendix N:
60
61
glandulifera) in the Clun Catchment Shropshire
A Strategy for the Control of Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) in the Clun Catchment Shropshire March 2014 Contents 1. Executive Summary... 3 2. Introduction... 5 2.1 The Need for a Strategy...
More informationNith Catchment Invasive Non-Native Species Project. Quarterly Progress Report November 2011
Nith Catchment Invasive Non-Native Species Project Quarterly Progress Report November 2011 1 Summary The 2011 season for controlling riparian invasive non-native species (INNS) of plants has now been completed
More informationWater vole survey on Laughton Level via Mill Farm
Water vole survey on Laughton Level via Mill Farm Grid reference: TQ 4911 Mill Farm, Ripe, East Sussex November 2008 Hetty Wakeford Ecologist Sussex Ecology Introduction The Ecologist undertook a water
More informationVIRIDOR WASTE MANAGEMENT LIMITED. Parkwood Springs Landfill, Sheffield. Reptile Survey Report
VIRIDOR WASTE MANAGEMENT LIMITED Parkwood Springs Landfill, Sheffield July 2014 Viridor Waste Management Ltd July 2014 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION... 1 2 METHODOLOGY... 3 3 RESULTS... 6 4 RECOMMENDATIONS
More informationHIMALAYAN BALSAM Impatiens glandulifera: A CASE-STUDY IN THE RYDAL LOCALITY - THE CONTROL AND PUBLIC AWARENESS OF THIS NON-NATIVE, INVASIVE PLANT.
Centre for North-West Regional Studies HIMALAYAN BALSAM Impatiens glandulifera: A CASE-STUDY IN THE RYDAL LOCALITY - THE CONTROL AND PUBLIC AWARENESS OF THIS NON-NATIVE, INVASIVE PLANT. Sarah Colyer Sarah
More informationMr T.B Brown. Land off Turweston Road, Northamptonshire REPTILE SURVEY REPORT
Mr T.B Brown Land off Turweston Road, Northamptonshire REPTILE SURVEY REPORT June 2013 FPCR Environment and Design Ltd Registered Office: Lockington Hall, Lockington, Derby DE74 2RH Company No. 07128076.
More informationThe role of trees in sheep farming
Practical Guidance The role of trees in sheep farming July 2014 Sheep are a characteristic part of the British landscape and have played an important part over centuries in shaping the UK s ecology, rural
More informationReptile Method Statement
, Northamptonshire A Report on behalf of March 2013 M1 CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Purpose of this Method Statement 1.2 Site Background 1.3 Reptile Ecology & Legal Protection 2.0 Methodology 2.1 Tool
More informationProperty and infrastructure 1. INTRODUCTION. 1.1 Background. 1.2 Survey Site. Date
Date 06-6-2018 Tamara Lanoix Unit 1a, Vantage House Vantage Park Washingley Road Huntingdon Cambs PE29 6SR Dear Tamara Subject Water Vole Survey Results - Chesterton Bridge 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background
More informationGambel s Quail Callipepla gambelii
Photo by Amy Leist Habitat Use Profile Habitats Used in Nevada Mesquite-Acacia Mojave Lowland Riparian Springs Agriculture Key Habitat Parameters Plant Composition Mesquite, acacia, salt cedar, willow,
More informationREPTILE TRANSLOCATION REPORT. Hoggett s End, Bishop s Stortford, Hertfordshire
REPTILE TRANSLOCATION REPORT Hoggett s End, Bishop s Stortford, Hertfordshire OCTOBER 2012 Surveyors: Peter Oakenfull AIEEM Date of Surveys: 30 th August 28 th September 2012 Report compiled by Graham
More informationThe grey partridges of Nine Wells: A five-year study of a square kilometre of arable land south of Addenbrooke s Hospital in Cambridge
The grey partridges of Nine Wells: 2012 2016 A five-year study of a square kilometre of arable land south of Addenbrooke s Hospital in Cambridge John Meed, January 2017 1 Introduction Grey partridge populations
More informationMt Porter. Standard Operating Procedure Flora and Fauna Identification. July 2016 Ark Mines Limited
Mt Porter Standard Operating Procedure Flora and Fauna Identification July 2016 Ark Mines Limited Species Identification SOP 2 Species Identification SOP 1. This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) has
More informationWater Vole Translocation Project: Abberton ReservoirAbout Water Voles Population Dynamics
Water Vole Translocation Project: Abberton ReservoirAbout Water Voles Measuring up to 24cm, water voles (Arvicola amphibius) are the largest of the British voles and at a quick glace, are often mistaken
More informationThe grey partridges of Nine Wells. A study of one square kilometre of arable land south of Addenbrooke s Hospital in Cambridge
The grey partridges of Nine Wells A study of one square kilometre of arable land south of Addenbrooke s Hospital in Cambridge John Meed, January 2016 1 Introduction Grey partridge populations are a cause
More informationAmphibians & reptiles. Key points
Grass snake Ian McIntosh CC BY SA 3.0 Amphibians & reptiles Amphibians and reptiles are highly charismatic creatures and an important part of Britain s natural and cultural history. Over recent decades,
More informationVolunteer Starter Pack Volunteer Health & Safety Guidance
Volunteer Health & Safety Guidance This document outlines best practice in terms of health and safety when monitoring and working around freshwater habitats, including streams, rivers, ponds, lakes and
More informationNative British Reptile Species
Lowland Derbyshire & Nottinghamshire LBAP Forum October 2008 Reptile Workshop Chris Monk Derbyshire Amphibian and Reptile Group Introductions Your knowledge / experience of reptiles and what extra you
More informationHallam Land Management, Taylor Wimpey UK Ltd, William Davis, Connolly Homes and. Bellcross Homes. South West Milton Keynes REPTILE REPORT
Hallam Land Management, Taylor Wimpey UK Ltd, William Davis, Connolly Homes and Bellcross Homes South West Milton Keynes REPTILE REPORT November 2014 FPCR Environment and Design Ltd Registered Office:
More informationNORFOLK BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN Ref 1/S8 Tranche 1 Species Action Plan 8 GREY PARTRIDGE
NORFOLK BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN Ref 1/S8 Tranche 1 Species Action Plan 8 GREY PARTRIDGE Plan Author: RSPB (Perdix perdix) Plan Co-ordinator: Farmland BAP Topic Group This, the native partridge, is distinguished
More informationAppendix 8.B Great Crested Newt Survey Report
Appendix 8.B Great Crested Newt Survey Report Entec UK Limited Entec UK Limited Kelmarsh Windfarm, Northamptonshire Great Crested Newt Survey Report June 2008 Client Job Name Report title File reference
More informationReptile Method Statement Land at the De Winton Hotel Llanbradach Caerphilly Dated September 2015
Reptile Method Statement Land at the De Winton Hotel Llanbradach Caerphilly Dated September 2015 ON THE INSTRUCTION OF Jon Matthews Of Greenwich Communities Ltd Reported by Richard Watkins 10 Mount Pleasant,
More informationPioneer Dairy Wetlands
Pioneer Dairy Wetlands Eastern Long-necked Turtle Green and Golden Bell Frog DRAFT Master plan June 2011 1 Contents WHS contribution 3 Location for Enclosure and Rehabilitation area 4 Eastern Long-necked
More informationAUGUST 2016 Ashford Park Quarry Pest Plant and Animal Control Plan
AUGUST 2016 Ashford Park Quarry Pest Plant and Animal Control Plan This Pest Plant and Animal Control Plan has been developed for the Ashford Park Quarry, Otaki as required by Conditions 43 and 44 of the
More informationIntroduction. Current Status
CAPTIVE BREEDING THE WATER SHREW Neomys fodiens VICTORIA FORDER ON BEHALF OF WILDWOOD TRUST AUGUST 2006 1 Introduction The water shrew Neomys fodiens is a native British mammal which is rarely seen due
More informationAppendix 6.4. Reptile Survey
Appendix 6.4 Reptile Survey University of Reading Whiteknights Campus Reptile Survey 2008 Prepared by:, Oxford July 2008 Mallams Court 18 Milton Park Abingdon Oxon OX14 4RP Tel 01235 821888 Fax 01235 820351
More informationActing Inspections and Enforcement Manager Mark Vincent, Team Leader Animal Control
10. DOG REGISTRATION FEES Appendix 2 General Manager responsible: General Manager Regulation and Democracy Services, DDI 941 8549 Officer responsible: Author: PURPOSE OF REPORT Acting Inspections and Enforcement
More informationGreenham Common, Crookham Common and Bowdown Wood Reptile Survey 2010
Greenham Common, Crookham Common and Bowdown Wood Reptile Survey 2010 Rod d Ayala and Martin Burdock, November 2010 CONTENTS Text Executive Summary Page 3 Background Page 4 Survey Methods, Personnel and
More informationHistory. History of bovine TB controls
History of bovine TB controls Last updated 08 April 2014 The legal responsibility for animal health and welfare matters in Wales was transferred to the Welsh Ministers in 2005. Related Links Documents
More informationUK HOUSE MARTIN SURVEY 2015
UK HOUSE MARTIN SURVEY 2015 FULL INSTRUCTIONS A one-page summary of these instructions is available from www.bto.org/house-martin-resources SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION & GETTING STARTED The House Martin (Delichon
More informationIguana Technical Assistance Workshop. Presented by: Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
Iguana Technical Assistance Workshop Presented by: Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission 1 Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Protects and manages 575 species of wildlife 700
More informationPhysical Description Meadow voles are small rodents with legs and tails, bodies, and ears.
A Guide to Meadow Voles Identification, Biology and Control Methods Identification There are 5 species of Meadow Vole common to California. They are the California Vole, Long-tailed Vole, Creeping Vole,
More informationA REPTILE SURVEY AT THE LAND AT HILL ROAD AND ELM TREE DRIVE, ROCHESTER, KENT,
A REPTILE SURVEY AT THE LAND AT HILL ROAD AND ELM TREE DRIVE, ROCHESTER, KENT, Commissioned by: King & Johnston Homes Ltd and Medway Council Report Number: October 2013 Regent s Place, 3 rd Floor, 338
More informationThe House Mouse (Mus musculus)
The House Mouse (Mus musculus) Introduction The house mouse (Mus musculus) is a native rodent species in Great Britain. It is regarded as a common species, and is listed as being of least concern by the
More informationNaturalised Goose 2000
Naturalised Goose 2000 Title Naturalised Goose 2000 Description and Summary of Results The Canada Goose Branta canadensis was first introduced into Britain to the waterfowl collection of Charles II in
More informationFeral Animals in Australia. An environmental education and sustainability resource kit for educators
An environmental education and sustainability resource kit for educators Use this presentation with: www.rabbitscan.net.au associated rabbitscan teaching resources the RabbitScan May 2009 Field Excursion
More information7550: THE PLOUGH INN, BRABOURNE LEES, KENT BRIEFING NOTE: KCC ECOLOGY RESPONSE 17/01610/AS
Cokenach Estate Bark way Royston Hertfordshire SG8 8DL t: 01763 848084 e: east@ecologysolutions.co.uk w: www.ecologysolutions.c o.uk 7550: THE PLOUGH INN, BRABOURNE LEES, KENT BRIEFING NOTE: KCC ECOLOGY
More informationHAT HILL DOG OFF-LEASH AREA MODIFICATIONS
HAT HILL DOG OFF-LEASH AREA MODIFICATIONS Draft Package of Works for comment prior to presentation to Council Background The area of the pending land sale at Hat Hill in Blackheath covers just under half
More informationVersatile Coir Wattles Offer Cost-Effective Sediment Control at Construction Sites
Versatile Coir Wattles Offer Cost-Effective Sediment Control at Construction Sites RoLanka International 2004 More and more erosion and sediment control professionals are discovering the advantages of
More informationFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS. General. 1. How can I provide feedback on the stop puppy farming provisions?
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS General 1. How can I provide feedback on the stop puppy farming provisions? Feedback on the provisions can be provided by: Completing the online survey at www.dlgsc.wa.gov.au/stoppuppyfarming
More informationADDENDUM 4 GOOD MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND SOP S FOR CATTLE FARMERS.
ADDENDUM 4 GOOD MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND SOP S FOR CATTLE FARMERS. Explanation of bullet items: First part of item provides the reason or explanation for the action, whereas the second part is a test for
More informationSlater M. (2007) 149 Norton Leys, Rugby CV22 5RS, UK SUMMARY
Creation of a drystone wall to create egglaying habitat for grizzled skipper Pyrgus malvae at Ryton Wood Meadows Butterfly Conservation Reserve, Warwickshire, England Slater M. (2007) 149 Norton Leys,
More informationFor publication. The Anti-social Behaviour Crime and Policing Act 2014 Designation of the Public Spaces Protection Order (Dog control) (HW1140)
For publication The Anti-social Behaviour Crime and Policing Act 2014 Designation of the Public Spaces Protection Order (Dog control) (HW1140) Meeting: Cabinet Date: 24 th April 2018 Cabinet portfolio:
More informationINVERCARGILL CITY COUNCIL. Bylaw 2018/2 Dog Control
INVERCARGILL CITY COUNCIL Bylaw 2018/2 Dog Control [THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] CONTENTS SECTION Page 1. SHORT TITLE AND COMMENCEMENT... 1 2. PURPOSE OF BYLAW... 1 3. REPEAL... 1 4. EXCLUSIONS...
More informationthe NARCISSUS BULB FLY
, the NARCISSUS BULB FLY. ' 1' id its damage in home gardens LEAFLET NO. 444 Agricultural Research Service U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE paiedeedif poi... Low Tilt LAMM U.S. DI AITAIIPIT OF MICULTURE
More informationWoodcock: Your Essential Brief
Woodcock: Your Essential Brief Q: Is the global estimate of woodcock 1 falling? A: No. The global population of 10-26 million 2 individuals is considered stable 3. Q: Are the woodcock that migrate here
More information2018 Urban Hens Pilot Registration
Hen Owner Information First Name Last Name Registration Form 2018 Urban Hens Pilot Registration Check this box if First Name and Last Name do not apply to you because you have either a registered Birth
More informationThe Armyworm in New Brunswick
The Armyworm in New Brunswick Mythimna unipuncta (Haworth) Synonym: Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth) ISBN 978-1-4605-1679-9 Family: Noctuidae - Owlet moths and underwings Importance The armyworm attacks
More informationNATURAL BURIAL MEADOW
NATURAL BURIAL MEADOW Usk Castle Chase natural burial meadow The meadow at Usk is a peaceful, natural place. Somewhere special to spend time listening to the birdsong in the surrounding woodland and taking
More informationCurrent Status of Amphibian Populations. Amphibian biology - characteristics making
Global Amphibian Declines: What Have We Done? Mike Tyler Steve Holmer Nikki Maxwell University of Tennessee Knoxville Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries Graduate Student Seminar 15 October
More informationPEREGRINE FALCON HABITAT MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES
PEREGRINE FALCON HABITAT MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES ONTARIO MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES December 1987 2 Table of Contents Page Introduction...3 Guidelines...4 References...7 Peregrine Falcon Nest Site Management
More informationEuropean Red List of Habitats
European Red List of Habitats A Red List assessment of all terrestrial, freshwater and benthic marine habitats in the EU28, EU28+ and neighbouring seas European Red List of Habitats A project funded by
More informationACTIVITY #2: TURTLE IDENTIFICATION
TURTLE IDENTIFICATION TOPIC What are some unique characteristics of the various Ontario turtle species? BACKGROUND INFORMATION For detailed information regarding Ontario turtles, see Turtles of Ontario
More informationKumeu/Huapai Waitakere to Swanson Public Transport Options
Kumeu/Huapai Waitakere to Swanson Public Transport Options Recommendations It is recommended that the Board: i). Receive the report ii). iii). iv). Approve not pursuing the diesel train option for the
More informationHares: Ecology and Survey
Hares: Ecology and Survey Recognising Brown Hares Hare Habitat and Survival Breeding Cycle Breeding and Forms Prints Brown Hares: Field Signs Brown Hare Field Signs Droppings Rabbit Droppings Roe Deer
More informationMALARIA A disease of the developing world
MALARIA A disease of the developing world Introduction Malaria is an infectious disease and is found mainly in the world s poorest tropical areas, such as Africa, South America and South East Asia. The
More informationLANGSTANE HOUSING ASSOCIATION LIMITED PET POLICY
LANGSTANE HOUSING ASSOCIATION LIMITED PET POLICY 1. Introduction The Association acknowledges that various studies have shown that keeping pets has a beneficial effect to the physical health and social
More informationSt. Clair Reservoir Rehabilitation: Proposed Changes to Sir Winston Churchill Park Dogs Off-Leash Area and Tennis Courts
St. Clair Reservoir Rehabilitation: Proposed Changes to Sir Winston Churchill Park Dogs Off-Leash Area and Tennis Courts Public Drop-In Event December 11, 2018 6:30pm 8:30pm Timothy Eaton Memorial Church
More informationSurvey options Toad surveys Great Crested Newt edna survey: Great Crested Newt full survey:
Amphibian surveys Survey options Toad surveys: the aim is to visit each survey pond in the 1km square in March or April, and see if frogs, toads or their spawn is present Great Crested Newt edna survey:
More informationSaskatchewan Sheep Opportunity
Saskatchewan Sheep Opportunity Prepared by Saskatchewan Sheep Development Board 2213C Hanselman Court Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7L 6A8 Telephone: (306) 933-5200 Fax: (306) 933-7182 E-mail: sheepdb@sasktel.net
More informationMarc Widmer successfully defends WA from European wasp. and the environment. Susan Campbell. Supporting your success
Marc Widmer successfully defends WA Rabbits: from European wasp destructive attack. pests of agriculture and the environment. Supporting your success Susan Campbell 70 years A brief history 1859 successful
More informationRepresentative Site Photographs North Branch Pigeon Creek Mitigation Bank
Photo 1 Unnamed tributary as it enters the Site from neighboring western property through culvert. Photo 2 Unnamed tributary riparian zone and adjacent upland. Photo 3 A head-cut erosion indicating instability
More informationSite Risk Assessment Record
Site Risk Assessment Record Location: Bernwood Meadows Date of assessment: 17/02/2015 Hazards/hazardous events Thorny bushes along paths and in work areas. Falling dead wood in the form of either branches
More informationBOBWHITE QUAIL HABITAT EVALUATION
BOBWHITE QUAIL HABITAT EVALUATION Introduction The Northern Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus) is the most well known and popular upland game bird in Oklahoma. The bobwhite occurs statewide and its numbers
More informationKENNEL BYLAW
KENNEL BYLAW 2788-1994 THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED FOR CONVENIENCE ONLY and is a consolidation of "District of Mission " with the following amending bylaws: Amending Bylaw Date Adopted Section Amended
More informationDOG CONTROL POLICY 2016
DOG CONTROL POLICY 2016 Contents Why do we need a Dog Control Policy? 1 Legislation 2 Obligations of dog owners 3 General Health and Welfare 3 Registration of dogs 3 Micro-chipping of dogs 3 Working dogs
More informationTable1. Target lamb pre-weaning daily live weight gain from grazed pasture
Grassland Management for High Lamb Performance Tim Keady and Noel McNamara Animal & Grassland Research & Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway. To improve the financial margin
More informationPEREGRINE FALCONS. Guidelines on Urban Nest Sites and the Law. Based on a document produced by the Metropolitan Police
PEREGRINE FALCONS Guidelines on Urban Nest Sites and the Law Based on a document produced by the Metropolitan Police Working for wild birds of prey and their habitats INTRODUCTION The Peregrine Falcon
More informationReptile Survey. Boverton, Vale of Glamorgan. For. Barratt Homes South Wales. Project No.: ABAW105 / 007. May
For Barratt Homes South Wales Project No.: ABAW105 / 007 May 2015 www.thomsonecology.com London & South East Compass House Surrey Research Park Guildford GU2 7AG. UK t: +44 (0)1483 466 000 North & Borders
More informationINVERCARGILL CITY COUNCIL. Bylaw 2015/1 Dog Control
INVERCARGILL CITY COUNCIL Bylaw 2015/1 Dog Control [THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] CONTENTS SECTION Page 1. Short Title and Commencement... 1 2. Object of Bylaw... 1 3. Repeal... 1 4. Exclusions...
More informationTrack & Search Dog Information for Judges
Track & Search Dog Information for Judges The purpose of these tracks is to give dogs the opportunity to train and track in a more real-life manner. There is a world of difference in the way an Operational
More informationThe GB Invasive Non-native Species Strategy. Olaf Booy GB Non-native Species Secretariat
The GB Invasive Non-native Species Strategy Olaf Booy GB Non-native Species Secretariat Who am I? 4.2 staff What are we talking about? Non-native = animals or plants that have been introduced by human
More informationNest Site Creation and Maintenance as an Effective Tool in Species Recovery
Nest Site Creation and Maintenance as an Effective Tool in Species Recovery Scott D. Gillingwater Species At Risk Biologist Upper Thames River Conservation Authority Where and Why? The successful creation
More informationThe destruction of the lake s catchment has resulted in the following effects to the Game Reserve despite its gazzetment;
Project Update: March 2018 This is the first comprehensive study on the status of the Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) and their habitats conducted along the Kerio River and Lake Kamnarok, the major
More informationBest Practice on the Farm
Best Practice on the Farm Rodent Control Best Practice on the Farm Rodent Control Introduction Rodents carry diseases which can contaminate a poultry flock; however, preventing rodents on a farm can be
More informationReport to the Raleigh Parks, Recreation and Greenway Advisory Board: Off-leash Dog Areas. Background
1 Report to the Raleigh Parks, Recreation and Greenway Advisory Board: Off-leash Dog Areas Report by Ad Hoc Committee: Jan Kirschbaum, Wayne Marshall, Gail Till, Bill Hornsby (P.U.P) January 20, 2005 Background
More information5. COMPLIANCE. Policy 5.5. Companions Animals Policy. Version 2
5. COMPLIANCE Policy 5.5 Companions Animals Policy Version 2 5. COMPLIANCE 5.5 COMPANIONS ANIMALS POLICY OBJECTIVE: Council s objectives in relation to the management of companion animals are to: Manage
More informationIMPORTANT PLANT SPECIES FOR QUAIL AND CATTLE IN SOUTH FLORIDA
IMPORTANT PLANT SPECIES FOR QUAIL AND CATTLE IN SOUTH FLORIDA James A. Martin Graduate Research Assistant Tall Timbers Research Station and University of Georgia Bobwhite quail are one of the widest ranging
More informationInside this issue. Swallows and Martins in August
No. 4, Summer/Autumn 2011 Swallows and Martins in August T he summer has been and gone and we are well into autumn now. The summer months have seen the park looking its best yet. The young trees planted
More informationPUBLIC SPACES PROTECTION ORDERS DOG CONTROLS CULTURE AND LEISURE (COUNCILLOR PETER BRADBURY)
CARDIFF COUNCIL CYNGOR CAERDYDD CABINET MEETING: 12 JULY 2018 PUBLIC SPACES PROTECTION ORDERS DOG CONTROLS CULTURE AND LEISURE (COUNCILLOR PETER BRADBURY) AGENDA ITEM: 3 Reason for this Report 1. To consider
More informationAMENDMENT APPLICATION
1.5.2010 Official Journal of the European Union C 112/11 Publication of an amendment application pursuant to Article 6(2) of Council Regulation (EC) No 510/2006 on the protection of geographical indications
More informationThe Stray Animals Regulations, 1999
STRAY ANIMALS S-60 REG 1 1 The Stray Animals Regulations, 1999 being Chapter S-60 Reg 1 (effective June 9, 1999) as amended by Saskatchewan Regulations 74/2009 and 56/2016. NOTE: This consolidation is
More information1. Introduction Exclusions Title Commencement Interpretation Definitions... 4
Contents 1. Introduction... 3 2. Exclusions... 3 3. Title... 3 4. Commencement... 3 5. Interpretation... 4 5.1 Definitions... 4 6. Penalties and recovery of costs... 4 7. Bylaw clauses... 4 7.1 Keeping
More informationThe platypus lives in streams, ponds, and rivers in Australia. It closes its eyes under water and uses its bill to dig in the mud to find its food.
The platypus lives in streams, ponds, and rivers in Australia. It closes its eyes under water and uses its bill to dig in the mud to find its food. The hyena, found in Africa and parts of Asia, weighs
More informationWater voles in the North Pennines. Where they can be found, what they need to survive and how you can help.
Water voles in the North Pennines Where they can be found, what they need to survive and how you can help. Water voles in the North Pennines The North Pennines - a haven for water voles? Above: Water vole
More informationIntraspecific relationships extra questions and answers (Extension material for Level 3 Biology Study Guide, ISBN , page 153)
i Intraspecific relationships extra questions and answers (Extension material for Level 3 Biology Study Guide, ISBN 978-1-927194-58-4, page 153) Activity 9: Intraspecific relationships extra questions
More information3. records of distribution for proteins and feeds are being kept to facilitate tracing throughout the animal feed and animal production chain.
CANADA S FEED BAN The purpose of this paper is to explain the history and operation of Canada s feed ban and to put it into a broader North American context. Canada and the United States share the same
More informationINVERCARGILL CITY COUNCIL. Bylaw 2018/2 Dog Control
INVERCARGILL CITY COUNCIL Bylaw 2018/2 Dog Control [THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] CONTENTS SECTION Page 1. SHORT TITLE AND COMMENCEMENT... 1 2. OBJECT OF BYLAW... 1 3. REPEAL... 1 4. EXCLUSIONS...
More informationSite Risk Assessment Record
Site Risk Assessment Record Location: Dry Sandford Pit Hazards/hazardous events Uneven ground due to roots, stones, holes and muddy paths causing slips, trips or falls. Thorny bushes along paths and in
More informationGuidelines for including species of conservation concern in the Environmental Assessment process
Guidelines for including species of conservation concern in the Environmental Assessment process Introduction To date not all provinces are including species of conservation concern as targets in their
More informationAnimals. Part 2. New Plymouth District Council Bylaw people nearby as many people can find this offensive.
New Plymouth District Council Bylaw 2008 Part 2 Animals The purpose of this part of the bylaw is to control the keeping of animals (including pigs, poultry, bees, livestock and cats) within the district
More informationGREATER SAGE-GROUSE BROOD-REARING HABITAT MANIPULATION IN MOUNTAIN BIG SAGEBRUSH, USE OF TREATMENTS, AND REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY ON PARKER MOUNTAIN, UTAH
GREATER SAGE-GROUSE BROOD-REARING HABITAT MANIPULATION IN MOUNTAIN BIG SAGEBRUSH, USE OF TREATMENTS, AND REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY ON PARKER MOUNTAIN, UTAH Abstract We used an experimental design to treat greater
More informationPE1561/J. Ned Sharratt Public Petitions Clerks Room T3.40 The Scottish Parliament Edinburgh EH99 1SP. 11 December 2015.
PE1561/J Agriculture, Food and Rural Communities Directorate Animal Health and Welfare Division T: 0300-244 9242 F: 0300-244 E: beverley.williams@scotland.gsi.gov.uk Ned Sharratt Public Petitions Clerks
More informationRat Control & Water Vole Conservation
Rat Control & Water Vole Conservation Why are water voles important? Water Voles were once a common sight in Sussex but they have declined by over 90% in the last 30 years. Water voles have already become
More informationAn Invasive Species For more information: MyFWC.com/iguana
An Invasive Species The green iguana (Iguana iguana) is a large lizard not native to Florida. Florida s subtropical climate has allowed these iguanas to thrive and reproduce in regions of the state where
More informationDoing Darwin s experiments
Doing Darwin s experiments Survivor seeds Activity 2c: Owl pellet dissection Subject: Science 40 minutes Suggested preparation Presentation: Doing Darwin s experiments What do I need? Letter 1681 Charles
More informationReasons: Why consider allowing backyard chickens in the urban and suburban areas of Saanich?
Reasons: Why consider allowing backyard chickens in the urban and suburban areas of Saanich? Saanich is considering changes to the Animals Bylaw to allow chickens (hens, not roosters) to be kept on lots
More informationManagement of bold wolves
Policy Support Statements of the Large Carnivore Initiative for Europe (LCIE). Policy support statements are intended to provide a short indication of what the LCIE regards as being good management practice
More informationFrom mountain to sea. A Survivor s Guide to Living with Urban Gulls
From mountain to sea A Survivor s Guide to Living with Urban Gulls 1 The Gull Problem Growing numbers of Lesser Black-backed and Herring gulls now build nests on the roofs of homes and businesses in towns
More informationHawke s Bay Regional Predator Control Technical Protocol (PN 4970)
Hawke s Bay Regional Predator Control Technical Protocol (PN 4970) This Regional Predator Control Protocol sets out areas that are Predator Control Areas and the required monitoring threshold to meet the
More information