The GB Invasive Non-native Species Strategy. Olaf Booy GB Non-native Species Secretariat
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1 The GB Invasive Non-native Species Strategy Olaf Booy GB Non-native Species Secretariat
2 Who am I? 4.2 staff
3 What are we talking about? Non-native = animals or plants that have been introduced by human action Invasive non-native = negative environmental, economic or social impact
4 100,000+ non-native taxa worldwide
5 A relatively recent phenomenon Global temporal trends in first record rates (dots) for all non-native species Seebens et al Nature Comms Unprecedented mixing of species
6 Global impacts Comprehensively assessed groups (>150 spp)
7 Global impacts Comprehensively assessed groups (>150 spp) 16.2% of extinctions are driven by invasive alien species ONLY 43% of extinctions are driven by other threats 40.5% of extinctions are driven by invasive alien species + other threats IUCN Red List v
8 Global impacts Biggest impacts on islands and other isolated ecosystems 95% of avian extinctions 90% of herpetological extinctions 70% of mammal extinctions 70% of plant extinctions
9 Global impacts Biggest impacts on islands and other isolated ecosystems 95% of avian extinctions 90% of herpetological extinctions 70% of mammal extinctions 70% of plant extinctions Oceanic islands But also on continents too Continents threatened birds at risk from INNS
10 Red squirrel suffering from pox Not just about extinctions
11
12 Number of alien species Number of non-native species Numbers of species in Great Britain 2,000 established NNS in GB new species PA
13 Numbers of species in Great Britain c % of established non-native species in GB are invasive but proportions are different for different taxa and environment
14 Numbers of species in Great Britain c % of established non-native species in GB are invasive 8% 40% Plants Animals
15 Numbers of species in Great Britain c % of established non-native species in GB are invasive 13% 40% 25% terrestrial freshwater marine
16 Native origin
17 Native origin
18 Invasive non-native species Native origin Invasiveness by origin European Non-European
19 Impacts in GB some examples
20 Voracious omnivore
21 Impacts Replaced 90% of benthic macroinvertebrate biomass in some European water bodies Patrick Steinmann Invert sample from Lake Zurich
22 Impacts
23 Impacts
24 Image: John Anderson
25
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31 Invasive Alien species: importance Burn caused by Giant hogweed
32 Zebra mussel clogging water company pipe
33 Economic impact 1.8 Billion pa in UK 64% Agriculture 13% Construction/Dev. 7% Forestry 6% Tourism 5% Transport
34 Government action: a small proportion of a small proportion c.10-15% invasive 2,000 nonnative species
35 Government action: a small proportion of a small proportion government action on c. 25 c.10-15% invasive 2,000 nonnative species
36 Are we doing enough and are we using our limited resources to best effect?
37 GB Non-native Species Programme GB Programme Board Small independent secretariat
38 Prevention is better than cure Prevention Early detection and Rapid response Control
39 Prioritising species: risk analysis Using evidence to underpin decision making Precautionary (coping with uncertainty / lag) Proportionate (implications for trade, etc) Japanese Knotweed
40 Using risk assessment to underpin decision making
41 Entry Establishment Spread Impact Overall V. High V. High Moderate High V. High Entry Establishment Spread Impact Overall V. High V. Low V. Low Low V. Low Response Alert! Legislation Rapid response Response Monitor and review
42 Risk management Not just about risk, but also whether something useful can be done
43 HIGH RISK Eradicate HIGH RISK Manage
44 RISK Prioritising based on risk and feasibility HIGH MED LOW V. LOW LOW MED HIGH V. HIGH FEASIBILITY OF MANAGEMENT
45 Contingency plans in action: Asian hornet
46 2004
47 2006
48 2008
49 2010
50 2012..
51 2013
52 2014
53 Prioritising and coordinating 2016 the response to invasive non-native species in GB 2017 Olaf Booy GB Non-native Species Secretariat
54
55 Other eradication action
56 The need for early detection and surveillance
57 pilot start
58 Biosecurity: preventing entry and spread Aquatic campaigns (where impact is greatest)
59
60
61 Invasive non-native species week
62 Role of Local Action Groups Biosecurity Detection and surveillance Local / regional management
63 Role of Local Action Groups
64 Summary Chose our battles carefully robust method for prioritising species / actions Particularly important: Biosecurity Early detection Data flow and rapid reporting Thanks!
65 Number of alien species The future? non-native invasive 100 0
66 Hawaii Hawaii hosted over 114 endemic species of birds. 56 now globally extinct But added 53 new species
67 Site impacts IAS impact 62 natural WHS s out of 224 Osipova et al
68
69
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71 WFD at Risk Sites
72 GB Non-native Species Programme Stakeholder Involvement Forum Media and Comms. Working Group GB Programme Board Country Working Groups Non-Native Risk Analysis Mechanism Rapid Response Working Group Monitoring
73 12,000+ non-native species
74 INNS are a major threat on Continents Oceanic Islands Continental Islands Continents n=430 n=176 n=620 Globally threatened bird species not threatened by invasives Globally threatened bird species threatened by invasives
75 Actual Global Total > x Predicted Global Total > x Vitousec, PM et al (1997) New Zealand Journal of Ecology 21 (1): Analysis by A. Launer, Stanford University, reproduced with permission.
76 Risk assessment Template with 80 questions Follows QA process, similar to journal peer review Independent Expert Risk Analysis Panel botanist, entomologist, marine, fish, economist Programme Board Peer Review NNSS website
77
78
79 Impacts of invasive plants Not just about extinctions Vila et al 2011.
80 Number of Number non-native of alien species species Numbers of species in Great Britain 2,000 established NNS in GB new species PA About 10-15% invasive species Many more species coming from further afield
81
82 An example is the Micronesian Kingfisher Todiramphus cinnamominus which was endemic to the island of Guam, but following predation by invasive alien snakes (Brown tree snake Boiga irregularis) it became Extinct in the Wild in 1986 when the last remaining wild birds were taken into captivity for captive breeding. In fact the Brown tree snake has caused many extinctions on Guam, including the local extinction of over half of Guam s native bird and lizard species as well as two out of three of Guam s native bat species.
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