European Red List of Habitats

Transcription

1 European Red List of Habitats A Red List assessment of all terrestrial, freshwater and benthic marine habitats in the EU28, EU28+ and neighbouring seas

2 European Red List of Habitats A project funded by DG(Environment) managed by John Janssen (Alterra), Ana Nieto & Mariana Garcia (IUCN), Tom Haynes & Natalie Sanders (NatureBureau), Susan Gubbay & John Rodwell with over 300 expert contributors from across Europe to help inform and underpin the EU2020 Biodiversity Strategy and the commitment to habitat sustainability, recovery and restoration

3 European Red List of Habitats covers the EU28, EU28+ (Iceland, Switzerland, Norway & the Balkan countries), the Baltic Sea, North East Atlantic, northern Mediterranean Sea & Black Sea

4 European Red List of Habitats Red List of Habitats Criteria & Categories (after IUCN 2013 and the Red List Feasibility Study) A. Reduction in quantity ** CR EN VU NT over the past 50 years 80% 50% 30% 25-30% B. Restricted geographic distribution CR EN VU NT Range 2,000 20,000 50,000 close to AND declining or threatened km 2 km 2 km 2 VU Area (10x10 grids) AND declining or threatened C/D. Reduction in quality Reduction in abiotic and/or biotic quality over the last 50 years close to VU CR EN VU NT intermediate slight decline decline severe decline close to VU

5 European Red List of Habitats 233 natural and semi-natural terrestrial habitats 257 benthic marine habitats Typology based on EUNIS-3 (terrestrial) or EUNIS-4 (marine) with modifications

6 European Red List of Habitats 233 natural and semi-natural terrestrial habitats 257 benthic marine habitats Typology based on EUNIS-3 (terrestrial) or EUNIS-4 (marine) with modifications for each habitat, data were provided by territorial experts in each country or regional sea and assessments coordinated by an expert group and independently reviewed

7 Terrestrial & Freshwater Habitats 233 natural and semi-natural habitats Coastal (30 habitats) Freshwaters (26) Mires & bogs (13) Grasslands (53) Heath & scrub (38) Forests (42) Sparsely vegetated habitats (31)

8 Terrestrial & Freshwater Habitats Overall results reveal 37% habitats threatened (in top 3 threat categories) in EU28, 32% in EU28+ for EU28 (n=228) 5% 2% 11% Critically Endangered Endangered for EU28+ (n=233) 2% 6% 10% 46% 12% 24% Vulnerable Near Threatened Least Concern 50% 12% 20% Data Deficient

9 Terrestrial & Freshwater Habitats 233 natural and semi-natural habitats Mires & bogs (13) 84%/54% Grasslands (53) 53%/49% Freshwaters (26) 46%/38% Coastal (30) 45%/43% Forests (42) 29%/24% Heath & scrub (38) 17%/16% Sparsely vegetated habitats (31) 10%/10%

10 Terrestrial & Freshwater Habitats 233 natural and semi-natural habitats Mires & bogs (13) 84%/54% Grasslands (53) 53%/49% Freshwaters (26) 46%/38% Coastal (30) 45%/43% Forests (42) 29%/24% Heath & scrub (38) 17%/16% Sparsely vegetated habitats (31) 10%/10% 8% Mires & bogs in EU28 (n=13) 54% 8% 7% 23% Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable Near Threatened Least Concern

11 Marine Habitats 257 benthic marine habitats covering four marine regions

12 Marine Habitats Baltic Sea (61 habitats) North-East Atlantic (86) Mediterranean (47) Black Sea (63)

13 Marine Habitats 19% of marine habitats are threatened (top 3 threat categories) in EU28, 18% in EU28+ All EU28 habitats (n=247) All EU28+ habitats (n=257) 1% 1% 9% 9% Critically Endangered Endangered 7% 10% 49% 20% 12% Vulnerable Near Threatened Least Concern 53% 18% 11% Data Deficient

14 Marine Habitats Mediterranean (47) 32%/30% North-East Atlantic (86) 23%/23% Black Sea (63) 13%/10% Baltic Sea (61) 8%/8%

15 Marine Habitats North-East Atlantic For EU28 and EU28+ (n=86) 1% EU28 habitats, excluding Data Deficient (n=34) 3% 60% 12% 10% 9% 8% CR EN VU NT LC DD 24% 17% 27% 29% CR EN VU NT LC

16 Outputs of the Red List Two publications (hard copy & pdfs)

17 Outputs of the Red List Assessment fact sheets for 490 habitats (pdfs with much data on habitat definition, characteristic species, distribution, threats, conservation measures)

18 Outputs of the Red List Assessment fact sheets for 490 habitats (pdfs) Images (jpegs, 2 per habitat, showing ecology/landscape)

19 Outputs of the Red List Assessment fact sheets for 490 habitats (pdfs) Images (jpegs) Distribution maps (GIS shape files with data source details)

20 Outputs of the Red List Assessment fact sheets for 490 habitats (pdfs) Images (jpegs) Distribution maps (GIS shape files) Territorial data (Excel spreadsheets)

21 Outputs of the Red List Comparison between Red List assessment and Conservation Status assessment for equivalent Annex 1 habitats Annex 1 habitat code Article 17 assessment (overall conservation status) Red List assessment preliminary Red List habitat code ALP ATL BLS BOR CON MAC MED PAN STE EU U2 U2 FV U2 U2 U2 U1 FV 6520 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U1 VU E U2 CR E U2 U2 U LC E3.3 62B0 FV 62C0 U1 U1 U1 NT E1.2b 62D0 U1 U1 LC E4.3b -- DD E1.1h -- EN E1.5c -- LC E1.5d -- CR E1.5e -- LC E EN E1.9a -- VU E2.1a -- NT E2.4

22 Applications of the Red List Red List assessments for all natural and semi-natural terrestrial, freshwater and benthic marine habitats in EU28, EU28+ and neighbouring seas

23 Applications of the Red List Red List assessments for all natural and semi-natural terrestrial, freshwater and benthic marine habitats in EU28, EU28+ and neighbouring seas Standardised typology, assessment methodology and territorial data for member states to complement the pan-european situation with their own

24 Applications of the Red List Terrestrial EU28 (n=228) 37% threatened Terrestrial UK (n=95) 40% threatened 5% 2% 11% Critically Endangered Endangered 4% 11% Endangered Vulnerable Vulnerable 46% 24% Near Threatened 41% 29% Near threatened 12% Least Concern 15% Least Concern Data Deficient Data Deficient

25 Applications of the Red List The intensity of threat often varies across Europe E3.4a E3.4a Wet meadows are endangered overall but much more threatened in some countries than others

26 Applications of the Red List The intensity of threat often varies across Europe E3.4a Wet meadows are endangered overall but much more threatened in some countries than others

27 Applications of the Red List The intensity of threat often varies across Europe Wet meadows are endangered overall but much more threatened in some countries than others

28 Applications of the Red List Many different pressures threaten terrestrial & freshwater habitats (threat typology from Article 17)

29 Applications of the Red List Many different pressures threaten terrestrial & freshwater habitats and their impacts vary in different habitats

30 Applications of the Red List Many different pressures threaten terrestrial & freshwater habitats and their impacts vary in different habitats but we can now make the extent of these threats spatially explicit

31 Applications of the Red List but we can now make the extent of these threats spatially explicit Total nitrogen input to grasslands (from Erhard M., Teller A., Maes J. et al. (2016)

32 Applications of the Red List but we can now make the extent of these threats spatially explicit Total nitrogen input to grasslands (from Erhard M., Teller A., Maes J. et al. (2016) and the distribution of Mountain hay meadows, threatened by agricultural intensification.

33 Applications of the Red List Pollution Biological resource use Natural system modification Urbanisation Main pressures on marine habitats are common across the regional seas Percentage of habitats affected by pressure 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% North East Atlantic Mediterranean Black Sea Baltic Sea

34 Applications of the Red List North-East Atlantic Highest percentage of threatened habitats in the circalittoral zone Estuarine (n=6) 16% 17% 67% Littoral (n=30) 10 % 6% 7% Circalittoral (n=21) 29% 60 % 17 % 52% 19%

35 Applications of the Red List North-East Atlantic Highest percentage of threatened habitats in the circalittoral zone and the kinds of threats vary in different zones

36 Applications of the Red List Combining habitat assessments at landscape scale Chalkland scarps of southern England

37 Applications of the Red List Combining habitat assessments at landscape scale Vulnerable E1.2a Semi-dry calcareous grassland E1.1d Cryptogam and annual-dominated vegetation on calcareous and ultramafic rock outcrops Least Concern G1.6a Fagus woodland on non-acid soils G3.9a Taxus baccata woodland G5.2a Thermophile woodland fringe on base-rich soils F3.1e Temperate and submediterranean thorn scrub F3.1a Temperate and submediterranean Juniperus scrub

38 Applications of the Red List To help meet restoration goals under Target 2 in the EU 2020 Biodiversity Strategy, the Red List can: indicate which habitats most urgently need restoration highlight which threats must be alleviated estimate time frame for restoration or recovery list indicators of recovery

39 Applications of the Red List To help meet restoration goals for terrestrial habitats: Traditionally-grown arable crops with rich and colourful annuals assessed as Endangered across Europe as a whole.

40 Applications of the Red List To help meet restoration goals for terrestrial habitats: Restoration will depend on incentives for low-input arable agriculture or set-aside with sowing of regionally appropriate seedmixtures and monitoring quite speedy appearance of native annual plants without nutrientdemanding weeds Traditionally-grown arable crops with rich and colourful annuals assessed as Endangered across Europe as a whole.

41 Applications of the Red List To help meet restoration goals for marine habitats: Zostera marina bed in shallow sublittoral waters, Canary Islands, Spain (F.Espino, EcoAqua). Posidonia meadows along the Corsican coast, France (G. Pergent). Seagrass beds and Posidonia beds are threatened across Europe with particular habitat types being Vulnerable, Endangered or Critically Endangered.

42

43 Terrestrial & Freshwater Habitats The most threatened terrestrial & freshwater habitats are Mires & bogs (13) Grasslands (53) for EU28 (n=53) 34% 13% 6% 17% 30% for EU28+ (n=53) 6% Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable Near Threatened Least Concern 34% 17% 17% 26%

44 Terrestrial & Freshwater Habitats The most threatened terrestrial & freshwater habitats are Mires & bogs (13) Grasslands (53) Freshwaters (26) 23% 27% 23% for EU28 (n=26) 8% 11% 35% for EU28+ (n=26) 12% 11% 27% Endangered Vulnerable Near Threatened Least Concern Data Deficient 23%

45 Terrestrial & Freshwater Habitats for EU28 (n=29) The most threatened terrestrial & freshwater habitats are 41% 4% 17% 28% Endangered Vulnerable Near Threatened Least Concern Mires & bogs (13) Grasslands (53) Freshwaters (26) Coastal habitats (30) 10% for EU28+ (n=30) 3% 17% 40% 27% Data Deficient 13%

46 Terrestrial & Freshwater Habitats for EU28 (n=42) Less threatened terrestrial & freshwater habitats are 45% 2% 5% 24% 24% Endangered Vulnerable Near Threatened Least Concern Data Deficient Forests (42) 2% for EU28+ (n=42) 8% 22% 50% 18%

47 Terrestrial & Freshwater Habitats for EU28 (n=36) Less threatened terrestrial & freshwater habitats are 3% 3% 14% 5% Endangered Vulnerable Near Threatened Least Concern 75% Data Deficient Forests (42) Heath & scrub (38) 3% for EU28+ (n=38) 2% 13% 3% 79%

48 Terrestrial & Freshwater Habitats for EU28 (n=29) Less threatened terrestrial & freshwater habitats are 21% 3% 7% 7% Endangered Vulnerable Near Threatened Least Concern Forests (42) Heath & scrub (38) Sparsely vegetated habitats (31) 62% for EU28+ (n=31) 3% 7% 6% 19% Data Deficient 65%

49 Marine Habitats Baltic Sea All (n=61) 5% 3% 5% Infralittoral (n=41) 5% 3% Circalittoral (n=20) 5% 5% 24% 15% 26% 61% 68% 45% 30% Low proportion of Data Deficiency, highest proportion of threatened habitats in the circalittoral zone

50 Marine Habitats Mediterranean Sea EU28 (n=47) EU28+ (n=47) 11% 9% 49% 21% 21% 11% 60% 4% 6% 8%

51 Marine Habitats Mediterranean Sea (excluding Data Deficient habitats)

52 Marine Habitats Black Sea High proportion of habitats were Data Deficient but, for habitats with sufficient data, the majority were threatened EU28 (n=53) EU28+ (n=63) 2% 9% 2% 2% 2% CR 2% 3% 5% 3% 2% EN VU NT 83% LC DD 85%

53 Marine Habitats Black Sea excluding Data Deficient

54 Applications of the Red List MSFD Pressures Type Habitat Example Physical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) Change Baltic Sea- Kelp communities on Baltic infralittoral coarse sediment/shell gravel Physical Physical loss (due to permanent change of seabed substrate or morphology and to extraction of seabed substrate) Inputs Extraction Mediterranean Sea - Communities of Mediterranean upper mediolittoral rock Black Sea - Mussel beds in the Pontic infralittoral zone Changes to hydrological Conditions Change North East Atlantic - Submerged fucoids, green or red seaweeds on low salinity Atlantic infralittoral rock