Pathogenesis and treatment of feline lower urinary tract disease
|
|
- Elijah Lloyd
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession Pathogenesis and treatment of feline lower urinary tract disease Author : Sarah Caney Categories : RVNs Date : May 1, 2011 Sarah Caney BVSc, PhD, DSAM (Feline), discusses triggers of urinary tract disease in cats and how these underlying causes may be prevented and appropriate treatment started Summary FELINE lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a common diagnosis made in practice, with between one and 10 per cent of all cats suffering from this problem. Inactive, overweight, neutered, indoor-only cats and those from multi-cat households are at increased risk. Signs of lower urinary tract disease are often very distressing for both cat and owner, with a large number of these cases presenting out of hours. The majority of cases, especially in cats under the age of 10 years, are due to idiopathic cystitis (FIC), but other differentials include urolithiasis, bacterial infections and urethral plugs. In cats more than 10 years of age, bacterial urinary tract infections are responsible for almost half of the cases. An accurate diagnosis is required to facilitate the most appropriate treatment plan. Treatment of the underlying cause, where possible, is preferred. In the case of FIC, addressing potential sources of stress to the cat and encouraging production of less-concentrated urine are key to success. Other medical treatments may be needed in some patients. Key words FLUTD, cystitis, FIC, bladder, urolithiasis FELINE lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a term used to encompass a number of 1 / 6
2 conditions that affect the bladder and urethra, and that may be associated with inappropriate urination. FLUTD is most common in young and middle-aged cats. There are several important medical causes of the condition, but idiopathic FLUTD also known as feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) is the most common by far. Other causes include urolithiasis, infections, plugs, tumours and polyps. Feline idiopathic cystitis FIC is especially common in young and middle-aged cats, when it accounts for more than 50 per cent of FLUTD cases (Bartges, 2002). FIC can be obstructive or non-obstructive. Male cats are most vulnerable to obstructive disease and this condition needs emergency treatment. Clinical signs with non-obstructive FIC are often self-limiting usually within five to 10 days. However, most affected cats suffer from repeat episodes of clinical signs, which can be very distressing for both cat and owner. In general, the frequency and severity of these episodes gradually decreases over time. Stress is now known to play a very important role in triggering and/or exacerbating FIC. The causes of chronic stress suggested to be most damaging are those over which the cat has little or no control (Cameron et al, 2004). Urolithiasis Urolithiasis is the medical term for stones that are most commonly located in the bladder. Small stones can be passed in the urine, but larger ones can block the urethra, causing potentially lifethreatening obstruction. Uroliths are the cause of FLUTD in around 20 per cent of cats under 10 years of age and in around 10 per cent of cats older than 10 years (Bartges, 2002). Uroliths can cause inflammation through irritating the lining of the bladder. There are several different types of bladder stones from which cats can suffer common examples include struvite and oxalate. It is important to remember that stones are not the same as crystals. Stones are visible to the naked eye and vary in appearance according to their make up. Struvite stones tend to be very smooth and pebble-like in appearance. Oxalate stones are often very spiky and rough. Crystals cannot be seen by the naked eye and are only visible by looking at a sample through a microscope, unless there are large numbers of crystals, in which case a sandy or gritty appearance might be seen in a urine sample. Crystalluria presence of crystals in the urine is not damaging to an animal s health and does not cause FLUTD. Most cats eating a dry diet will have crystals in their urine and this is normal (Sturgess et al, 2001). Crystals can be a cause of concern in the following situations: 2 / 6
3 presence of urate crystals these may indicate that the cat has a liver problem; when large numbers of crystals are seen (to the extent they are visible to the naked eye), this may indicate an increased risk of obstruction; and in a cat with urolithiasis the type of crystal may indicate the type of stone present (although this is not always true). Urethral plugs Urethral plugs account for about 20 per cent of FLUTD cases in cats under 10 years of age. Plugs are less common in older cats, accounting for around six per cent of FLUTD cases in cats over the age of 10 years (Bartges, 2002). Urethral plugs are a potential cause of urethral obstruction. These plugs are made up of a protein matrix and some crystals (usually struvite). This matrix is formed from protein that has leaked through the bladder wall as a result of inflammation of the bladder lining. Urethral plugs are often associated with FIC and many clinicians believe they form a subset of FIC making FIC responsible for around 75 per cent of cases of FLUTD in cats under 10 years of age. Rarely, urethral plugs can occur as a result of bladder stones, tumours or infections. The protein matrix can also cause a urethral obstruction even when no crystals are present. However, when crystals are present, these can become trapped in the matrix and make it more likely to cause an obstruction. Obstruction can be caused by the plug itself, but also by urethral spasm associated with the pain caused by the presence of a plug. Bacterial infections Bacterial infection is a rare cause of FLUTD, accounting for less than two per cent of cases in cats less than 10 years of age. However, in older cats, bacterial infections are much more common, accounting for around 45 per cent of cases (Bartges, 2002). This is thought to be the case since: older cats often have more dilute urine, which is easier for bacteria to grow in; and older cats often have other illnesses that predispose them to infections for a variety of reasons. Common illnesses include diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism and chronic kidney disease. The most common bacterial infections are Escherichia coli (responsible for 40 to 70 per cent of cases), Enterococcus species (responsible for 25 to 30 per cent of cases) and Staphylococcus species (responsible for up to 20 per cent of cases). Cats suffering from bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) are vulnerable to repeated infections and for the infection to ascend to the kidneys causing pyelonephritis. 3 / 6
4 Other causes of FLUTD Other, less common, causes of FLUTD include bladder tumours, trauma and congenital causes of incontinence. Diagnosis of FLUTD depends on: taking an accurate behavioural and medical history to obtain as many clues possible as to the cause of the problem; performing a physical examination to help identify causes of FLUTD for example, a bladder tumour may be palpable in some cases; urinalysis to look for evidence of haematuria, bacterial urinary tract infection and other abnormalities. In general, cystocentesis is the preferred method for urine collection; haematology and serum biochemistry to look for relevant underlying systemic disease for example, renal disease or diabetes mellitus, and more serious abnormalities that might occur in a blocked cat such as dehydration, hypocalcaemia and hyperkalaemia; and diagnostic imaging (radiography, ultrasonography) to look for stones in the bladder and/or urethra, tumours and other problems. FLUTD treatment Optimal treatment of FLUTD depends on making an accurate diagnosis of its origin for example, bacterial urinary tract infections should be treated with an appropriate antibiotic, as identified on culture and sensitivity testing. Since non-obstructive FIC is the most common cause of FLUTD, the remainder of this article will concentrate on current treatment recommendations for this condition. Although non-obstructive FIC is considered to be self-limiting, treatment is usually recommended since it can be a painful and debilitating condition. All current medical treatments for FIC are palliative aiming to support the cat through an episode and reduce the risk of further episodes. The biggest long-term improvements are seen using a dual approach to reduce stress and encourage the cat to produce more dilute urine (Buffington et al, 2006). Reducing stress in the home Efforts should focus on identifying and addressing potential causes of stress in the home. These may include conflict between the FIC cat and other cats in the home or neighbourhood, addition of 4 / 6
5 new pets or people into the home, sudden changes of routine and so on. FIC is very common in households where there are large numbers of cats. In severe cases, referral to a veterinary behavioural expert may be valuable to accurately diagnose and resolve causes of chronic stress. Synthetic F3 feline facial pheromone preparations, such as Feliway (Ceva Animal Health), may also help to reduce tension sometimes found in multi-cat households. These can act as a confirmatory signal that the environment is safe and, therefore, must be used in conjunction with other environmental management strategies, such as ensuring adequate litter boxes are provided, and so on. Environmental enrichment is beneficial as a means of reducing stress. Examples of positive ways of improving a cat s environment include climbing frames with resting areas, and playing games that stimulate natural cat behaviour. Restricting (or reducing) the number of cats in the home to socially compatible levels, and resisting the temptation to expand the household by introducing new cats, will help to reduce the incidence of stress-related conditions such as FIC. Urine concentration The cat will be less likely to suffer from episodes of FIC if it produces more dilute urine. The aim is for the cat to be producing urine with a specific gravity of around This encourages frequent urination and dilutes any irritant components of the urine. Producing more dilute urine does not treat the underlying cause of FIC, so issues such as stress also need to be addressed. There are many strategies that can be used to encourage water intake a comprehensive guide can be found in the free download section of Other treatments A number of medical treatments may be suggested in cats with FIC. These include treatments for urethral spasm, such as prazosin and dantrolene; and painkillers that can be useful in acute episodes. The best outcome for a cat with FLUTD requires attention to all the factors discussed above. Cat Professional is running a survey assessing the usefulness of Zylkène in cats with FIC. For more information visit References and further reading Bartges J W (2002). What s New in Feline LUTD? Proceedings of ECVIM. Buffington C A T, Westropp J L, Chew D J and Bolus R R (2006). Clinical evaluation of 5 / 6
6 Powered by TCPDF ( multimodal environmental modification (MEMO) in the management of cats with idiopathic cystitis, JFMS (8): Cameron M E, Casey R A, Bradshaw J W S, Waran N K and Gunn-Moore D A (2004). A study of the environmental and behavioural factors that may be associated with feline idiopathic cystitis, JSAP (45): Gunn-Moore D A and Cameron M E (2004). A pilot study using synthetic feline facial pheromone for the management of feline idiopathic cystitis, JFMS (6): Sturgess C P, Hesford A, Owen H and Privett R (2001). An investigation into the effects of storage on the diagnosis of crystalluria in cats, JFMS (3): / 6
Maintenance and treatment of feline lower urinary tract disease
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Maintenance and treatment of feline lower urinary tract disease Author : Sarah Caney Categories : Companion animal, Vets Date
More informationFeline Lower Urinary Tract Disease FLUTD
Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease FLUTD What is Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease? Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) describes a collection of conditions in cats that can affect the bladder
More informationFeline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD)
Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is not a specific disease, but rather is the term used to describe conditions that can affect the urinary bladder and/or
More informationFeline Idiopathic Cystitis (icatcare)
Kingsbrook Animal Hospital 5322 New Design Road, Frederick, MD, 21703 Phone: (301) 631-6900 Website: KingsbrookVet.com Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) [1] Feline Idiopathic Cystitis (icatcare) Feline
More informationMANAGEMENT OF FELINE LOWER URINARY TRACT DISEASE Vicky L. Ograin, MBA, RVT, VTS (Nutrition) Academy of Veterinary Nutrition Technicians
MANAGEMENT OF FELINE LOWER URINARY TRACT DISEASE Vicky L. Ograin, MBA, RVT, VTS (Nutrition) Academy of Veterinary Nutrition Technicians Introduction Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a term
More informationUnderstanding your cat s URINARY CONDITION
Understanding your cat s URINARY CONDITION Understanding your cat's urinary condition. Common urinary crystals in cats. Finding out that your cat is suffering from a urinary condition can be very distressing,
More informationFELINE LOWER URINARY TRACT DISEASE (Sometimes known as feline urological syndrome)
FELINE LOWER URINARY TRACT DISEASE (Sometimes known as feline urological syndrome) Introduction Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) is sometimes still referred to as feline urological syndrome or
More informationBladder care and stress in cats
Bladder care and stress in cats Stress in cats The life of our pet cats is very different from that of their wild ancestors. Usually this doesn t trigger any problems but occasionally there can be certain
More informationFeline idiopathic cystitis nursing role in treatment and management
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Feline idiopathic cystitis nursing role in treatment and management Author : Nicola Ackerman Categories : RVNs Date : July
More informationFeline Idiopathic Cystitis
Print this Veterinary Partner Article 1 of 5 2/20/2013 9:44 AM Feline Idiopathic Cystitis The Pet Health Care Library (Lea este artículo en español) (The disease formerly known as FUS and FLUTD) Feline
More informationFeline Idiopathic Cystitis: The Veterinary Nurses role in the treatment and management. Nicola Ackerman BSc(Hons) RVN CertSAN CertVN ECC HonMBVNA
Feline Idiopathic Cystitis: The Veterinary Nurses role in the treatment and management. Nicola Ackerman BSc(Hons) RVN CertSAN CertVN ECC HonMBVNA Feline urinary tract issues may result from a number of
More informationHousesoiling Cats: Inappropriate Urination and Defecation and Urine/Fecal Marking Basics
Housesoiling Cats: and Defecation and Urine/Fecal Marking Basics OVERVIEW Urinating, marking territory with urine, or defecating in a location that the owner considers inappropriate; defecation is the
More informationNestlé PURINA Scientific Update on Feline Nutrition. Urolithiasis in cats managing the risks
Nestlé PURINA Scientific Update on Feline Nutrition Urolithiasis in cats managing the risks Urolithiasis in cats managing the risks Dr Andrew H Sparkes BVetMed PhD DipECVIM MRCVS Veterinary consultant
More informationEvaluation of clinical signs and causes of lower urinary tract disease in Polish cats
Original Paper Veterinarni Medicina, 62, 2017 (07): 386 393 Evaluation of clinical signs and causes of lower urinary tract disease in Polish cats S. Lew-Kojrys*, E. Mikulska-Skupien, A. Snarska, W. Krystkiewicz,
More informationPANDORA SYNDROME: UPDATES ON IDIOPATHIC/INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS IN CATS (FIC) Dennis J. Chew, DVM, DACVIM Tony Buffington, DVM, PhD, DACVN
PANDORA SYNDROME: UPDATES ON IDIOPATHIC/INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS IN CATS (FIC) Dennis J. Chew, DVM, DACVIM Tony Buffington, DVM, PhD, DACVN UROLOGY/NEPHROLOGY The interested reader is referred to three recent
More informationAcute Urethral Obstruction in a Cat
PLUMB S THERAPEUTICS BRIEF h RED LIGHT, GREEN LIGHT h PEER REVIEWED Acute Urethral Obstruction in a Cat Marcella D. Ridgway, VMD, MS, DACVIM (SAIM) University of Illinois A 3-year-old neutered male domestic
More informationHousesoiling Dogs Basics
Housesoiling Dogs Basics OVERVIEW Urinating and/or defecating (having a bowel movement), as a means of eliminating or marking territory, in a location that the owner considers inappropriate GENETICS Some
More informationNutritional support for healthy urinary tract function with stress relieving properties for cats
Nutritional support for healthy urinary tract function with stress relieving properties for cats Is your pet suffering from Cystitis? Feline Cystitis is a common and distressing condition which leads to
More informationNutritional support for healthy urinary tract function with stress relieving properties for cats
Nutritional support for healthy urinary tract function with stress relieving properties for cats Support British manufacturing Is your pet suffering from cystitis? Feline Cystitis is a common and distressing
More informationFeline Struvite Urolithiasis
3 CREDITS Article 1 Douglas Palma, DVM Cathy Langston, DVM, DACVIM (Small Animal Internal Medicine) Kelly Gisselman, DVM John McCue, DVM Animal Medical Center New York At a Glance Pathophysiology Page
More informationHousesoiling Cats: Inappropriate Urination and Defecation and Urine/Fecal Marking Basics
Glendale Animal Hospital 623-934-7243 www.familyvet.com Housesoiling Cats: Inappropriate Urination and Defecation and Urine/Fecal Marking Basics OVERVIEW Urinating, marking territory with urine, or defecating
More informationVPM 201: Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology 26-27/10/2011. LABORATORY 8a - URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (UTIs)
VPM 201: Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology 26-27/10/2011 LABORATORY 8a - URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (UTIs) A. MICROBIAL ASPECTS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS The following comments apply mainly to dogs,
More informationAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENTISTS. Sample Exam Questions. Veterinary Practice (Small Animal)
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENTISTS Sample Exam Questions Veterinary Practice (Small Animal) Written Examination (Component 1) Written Paper 1 (two hours): Principles of Veterinary
More informationTop 5 ailments in cats
Top 5 ailments in cats Introduction The inspiration for this article came from the Banfield Pet Hospital s State of Pet Health 2011 Report, Volume 1 the first of its kind to capture and analyze the medical
More informationSenior Pet Care and Early Disease Detection
Senior Pet Care and Early Disease Detection Thanks to advances in veterinary medicine, pets are living longer than ever before. However, with this increased lifespan comes an increase in the types of ailments
More informationTREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF UROGENITAL DISEASE IN RABBITS
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF UROGENITAL DISEASE IN RABBITS Author : Livia Benato, Chris Shepherd Categories : Vets Date : April
More informationVPM 201: Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology 24-25/10/2012. LABORATORY 8a - URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (UTIs)
VPM 201: Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology 24-25/10/2012 LABORATORY 8a - URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (UTIs) A. MICROBIAL ASPECTS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS The following comments apply mainly to dogs,
More informationForeword 2 Acknowledgements 4 Introduction 5 What is feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD)?_ 6 What are the causes and risk factors of FLUTD?
Contents Foreword 2 Acknowledgements 4 Introduction 5 What is feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD)?_ 6 What are the causes and risk factors of FLUTD? 7 Nutrition 7 The home environment 8 Pet factors
More informationCONSIDERING BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS WHEN DIAGNOSING FELINE MEDICINE CASES SARAH HEATH
CONSIDERING BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS WHEN DIAGNOSING FELINE MEDICINE CASES SARAH HEATH Introduction It has been well documented that stress plays a part in the aetiology of feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC).
More informationHELP YOUR CAT BEHAVE BETTER WITH FELIWAY.
HELP YOUR CAT BEHAVE BETTER WITH FELIWAY. Best behavior starts here. feliway.com/us Feliway can help take a cat from stressed out to chilled out. You have things that cause you stress - so does your cat.
More informationBacterial infections in the urinary tract
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2014 Bacterial infections in the urinary tract Gerber, B Posted at the Zurich
More informationUnderstanding your cat s WEIGHT MANAGEMENT
Understanding your cat s WEIGHT MANAGEMENT Why is weight management so important? What are the signs of weight gain? You might have been surprised when your veterinary surgeon told you that your cat is
More informationLIFELONG CARE PLAN FELINE
LIFELONG CARE PLAN FELINE Your pet is unique, and our veterinarian s treatment plan will be tailored to their specific needs. As your pet grows, however, there are certain health concerns associated with
More informationDog Behavior Problems House Soiling
96 Dog Behavior Problems House Soiling Dogs that are exhibiting an increase in anxiety may begin to eliminate in the home. Why is my dog soiling the house? There are numerous reasons that a dog might soil
More informationAustralian and New Zealand College of Veterinary Scientists. Membership Examination. Small Animal Medicine Paper 1
Australian and New Zealand College of Veterinary Scientists Membership Examination June 2015 Small Animal Medicine Paper 1 Perusal time: Fifteen (15) minutes Time allowed: Two (2) hours after perusal Answer
More informationMANAGING NUTRITION AND ACTIVITY IN NEUTERED COMPANION ANIMALS
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk MANAGING NUTRITION AND ACTIVITY IN NEUTERED COMPANION ANIMALS Author : TIM WATSON Categories : Vets Date : August 19, 2013
More informationMONITORING CONSIDERATIONS
Minnesota Urolith Center UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA College of Veterinary Medicine 1352 Boyd Avenue St Paul, MN 55108 Phone 612.625.4221 Fax 612.626.3226 email support@urolithcenter.org Director: Jody P Lulich
More informationAustralian College of Veterinary Scientists. Fellowship Examination. Feline Medicine Paper 1
Australian College of Veterinary Scientists Fellowship Examination June 2011 Feline Medicine Paper 1 Perusal time: Twenty (20) minutes Time allowed: Four (4) hours after perusal In Section A: Answer your
More informationSubjects Beginning with "U"
Subjects Beginning with "U" SUBJECT: ARTICLE TITLE: JOURNAL DATE: PAGE: Ucatan miniature pigs SWINE UDDER Teat Laceration Repair in Cattle VCONA/FAP JULY 2008 295 UDDER - MICROBIOLOGY GASTROINTESTINAL
More informationMy dog or cat gets diet food and has struvite... what do I do now?
TROVET Anti Struvite, dietary supplement for the targeted tackling of struvite in dogs and cats My dog or cat gets diet food and has struvite... what do I do now? reliable and affordable dietary pet food
More informationFURTHER NATUROPATHIC SUPPORT
Product Code AN014 Bladder Health 11 Pages Urinary Syndrome (FUS), or Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) e.g. Struvite crystals for all species & ages. Last Updated: 11-06-18 NATURAL MEDICINES - ANIMAL
More informationHein P. Meyer, DVM, PhD, DECVIM-CA Iveta Bečvářová, DVM, MS, DACVN
Effects of a Urinary Food Supplemented with Milk Protein Hydrolysate and L-tryptophan on Feline Idiopathic Cystitis Results of a Case Series in 10 Cats Hein P. Meyer, DVM, PhD, DECVIM-CA Iveta Bečvářová,
More informationStruvite uroliths are composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate. Canine Struvite Urolithiasis KEY FACTS
Vol. 23, No. 5 May 2001 407 Email comments/questions to compendium@medimedia.com CE Article #1 (1.5 contact hours) Refereed Peer Review KEY FACTS Struvite uroliths are usually detected on survey abdominal
More informationHealthy bladder, happy home. How to help your cat have both
Healthy bladder, happy home How to help your cat have both Hill s Pet Nutrition A LONG TRADITION OF INNOVATION In the 1930s, veterinarian Mark Morris, Sr., and his patient, a guide dog named Buddy, showed
More informationYEARS should be their BEST! Grooming more Not grooming at all. Their GOLDEN. PRN Pharmacal Senior Health Products. Senior Pet Health Questionnaire
health and keep track any changes. Bring it with dedicated to the health animals, and we fer a range products that help support the health senior pets. We believe that a quality life for senior pets and
More informationRestore life and vitality in your dog. Feel the same results as an owner.
Restore life and vitality in your dog. Feel the same results as an owner. Your dog, Cushing s syndrome and you This booklet has been designed to help answer questions that you may have about Cushing s
More informationRestore life and vitality in your dog. Feel the same results as an owner.
Restore life and vitality in your dog. Feel the same results as an owner. Your dog, Cushing s syndrome and you This booklet has been designed to help answer questions that you may have about Cushing s
More informationTreatment of septic peritonitis
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Treatment of septic peritonitis Author : Andrew Linklater Categories : Companion animal, Vets Date : November 2, 2016 Septic
More informationHypocalcaemia is a condition in which the calcium level in the blood is too low. It is also known as eclampsia or milk fever.
Hypocalcaemia Hypocalcaemia is a condition in which the calcium level in the blood is too low. It is also known as eclampsia or milk fever. The condition can occur in any dog or cat but it is most commonly
More informationRVC OPEN ACCESS REPOSITORY COPYRIGHT NOTICE
RVC OPEN ACCESS REPOSITORY COPYRIGHT NOTICE This is the Accepted Manuscript of the following article: Holroyd, K and Humm, KR (2015) Standards of care for feline urethral catheters in the United Kingdom.
More informationCat Litter Box Training
Cat Litter Box Training At least ten percent of all cats develop elimination problems. Some stop using the box altogether. Some only use their boxes for urination or defecation but not for both. Still
More informationFeline Wellness Report
Demo/Sample Clinic Feline Wellness Report 59 YOUR CAT'S AGE, IN HUMAN YEARS: Environment, genetics, nutrition and size are factors in determining a cat's age. Although this calculation is not exact, it
More informationPREVALENCE OF RENAL DISORDERS IN DOGS A CLINICAL STUDY
Int. J. Agric.Sc & Vet.Med. 2014 Satish Kumar Karlapudi and Srikanth Kandula, 2014 Research Paper ISSN 2320-3730 www.ijasvm.com Vol. 2, No. 3, August 2014 2014 www.ijasvm.com. All Rights Reserved PREVALENCE
More informationAcute Pyelonephritis POAC Guideline
Acute Pyelonephritis POAC Guideline Refer full regional pathway http://aucklandregion.healthpathways.org.nz/33444 EXCLUSION CRITERIA: COMPLICATED PYELONEPHRITIS Discuss with relevant specialist for advice
More informationLitter Box Problems. In Shelter Cats Trish McMillan Loehr, MSc, CPDT-KA, CDBC
Litter Box Problems In Shelter Cats Trish McMillan Loehr, MSc, CPDT-KA, CDBC Why do we need to know this? 80% + of adult cats Home is best Avoid returns Re-adoption potential Introduction Common problem
More informationPandora Syndrome: Not Just the Bladder Any More Elizabeth Colleran, DVM, MS, DABVP Chico Hospital for Cats Chico, CA
Pandora Syndrome: Not Just the Bladder Any More Elizabeth Colleran, DVM, MS, DABVP Chico Hospital for Cats Chico, CA Lower urinary tract signs (LUTS) dysuria, periuria, pollakiuria and stranguria are a
More informationANTIBIOTIC USE GUIDELINES FOR URINARY TRACT AND RESPIRATORY DISEASE
ANTIBIOTIC USE GUIDELINES FOR URINARY TRACT AND RESPIRATORY DISEASE Jane Sykes, BVSc(Hons), PhD, DACVIM (SAIM) School of Veterinary Medicine Dept. of Medicine & Epidemiology University of California Davis,
More informationClinical Survey and Selection of Therapeutic Approach for Emergent Feline Urological Syndrome. Wael, M. Kelany
Clinical Survey and Selection of Therapeutic Approach for Emergent Feline Urological Syndrome Wael, M. Kelany Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Vet. Med., Cairo University, Giza, Egypt wael6kelany@yahoo.com
More informationDiagnosis and management of bacterial urinary tract infections in dogs and cats
Diagnostic update August 2017 Diagnosis and management of bacterial urinary tract infections in dogs and cats Introduction Clinical signs associated with lower urinary tract inflammation (inappropriate
More informationDIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF CHOLECYSTITIS IN DOGS
Int. J. Agric.Sc & Vet.Med. 2014 K Satish Kumar and D Srikala, 2014 Research Paper ISSN 2320-3730 www.ijasvm.com Vol. 2, No. 3, August 2014 2014 www.ijasvm.com. All Rights Reserved DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT
More informationEvaluation of the Efficacy of a Commercial Diet in the Dissolution of Feline Struvite Bladder Uroliths*
Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Commercial Diet in the Dissolution of Feline Struvite Bladder Uroliths* Doreen M. Houston, DVM, DVSc Nancy E. Rinkardt, DVM, DVSc John Hilton, PhD Veterinary Medical Diets
More informationA retrospective analysis of urine culture results issued by the microbiology department, Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya
A retrospective analysis of urine culture results issued by the microbiology department, Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya LU Edirisinghe 1, D Vidanagama 2 1 Senior Registrar in Medicine, 2 Consultant Microbiologist,
More informationCipro for gram positive cocci in urine
Buscar... Cipro for gram positive cocci in urine 20-6-2017 Pneumonia can be generally defined as an infection of the lung parenchyma, in which consolidation of the affected part and a filling of the alveolar
More informationford residence southampton, ny
P ford residence southampton, ny What bacterial infections cause canine liver disease Causes of Liver Disease. Here are ten causes of liver disease: Poor diet; Bacterial infection; Viral infection; Trauma,
More informationFELINE HOUSE-SOILING: SOLVE, NOT SURRENDER Jacqueline C. Neilson, DVM, DACVB Portland, Oregon
FELINE HOUSE-SOILING: SOLVE, NOT SURRENDER Jacqueline C. Neilson, DVM, DACVB Portland, Oregon Introduction: While cats are the most popular pet in the United States, their most common behavioral problem,
More informationAnswers to Membership Questions Prepared by Denise Powell June 6, 2011
Answers to Membership Questions Prepared by Denise Powell June 6, 2011 Question: What was the original experimental design for the project? Answer: Dr. Schaible described his project in an article that
More informationAntibiotics in the trenches: An ER Doc s Perspective
Antibiotics in the trenches: An ER Doc s Perspective Peter Currie, MD Medical Director for Quality Emergency Physicians Professional Association (EPPA) Agenda Emergency Medicine Specific Disease Processes
More informationBEHAVIOURAL OR MEDICAL? ANXIETY DISORDERS IN OLDER ANIMALS. Dr Kersti Seksel BVSc (Hons), MRCVS, MA (Hons), FACVSc, DACVB, CMAVA, DECVBM-CA
BEHAVIOURAL OR MEDICAL? ANXIETY DISORDERS IN OLDER ANIMALS Dr Kersti Seksel BVSc (Hons), MRCVS, MA (Hons), FACVSc, DACVB, CMAVA, DECVBM-CA Registered Veterinary Specialist in Behavioural Medicine www.sabs.com.au
More informationHow to use the slides and the speaking notes: 1. Make sure to talk about all of the points on each slide. 2. Many of the slides are self explanatory
How to use the slides and the speaking notes: 1. Make sure to talk about all of the points on each slide. 2. Many of the slides are self explanatory so not all slides will have speaking notes. 3. The speaking
More informationPetSavers. Caring for your Elderly Pet Guide
PetSavers Caring for your Elderly Pet Guide Introduction As your pet gets older, changes occur in all major organ systems and diseases start to develop. Some age-related changes are quite obvious, such
More informationPreventative Care for Cats
Health Care Focus Preventative Care for Cats Specially prepared for: Overall, your cat appears to be in good general health based on examination. Please see the examination and health care report card
More informationTake the test! - If you checked off any of the conditions listed below, please discuss this with your veterinarian immediately
Your pet can't talk and often shows no signs when something is wrong. So how do you know? Early Detection and today is a good time to start. Early Detection is not one test, a series of tests or just one
More informationBest behavior starts here. Feliway and Adaptil the #1 behavior solution for cats and dogs
Best behavior starts here Feliway and Adaptil the #1 behavior solution for cats and dogs Leading the way in best behavior 2015 Innovations New Feliway MultiCat The only clinically proven cat pheromone
More informationAcute Hemorrhagic Diarrhea Syndrome (AHDS) A Cause of Bloody Feces in Dogs
Acute Hemorrhagic Diarrhea Syndrome (AHDS) A Cause of Bloody Feces in Dogs No dog parent wants to clean up diarrhea. Cleaning up bloody diarrhea is even more unpleasant. Unfortunately, the development
More informationMedical Conditions Questionnaire
Medical Conditions Questionnaire (to be completed by the member) Member Full Name.Date of birth. Policy number or scheme name. Please complete the appropriate section(s) only after completing the Member
More informationAmerican Association of Feline Practitioners American Animal Hospital Association
American Association of Feline Practitioners American Animal Hospital Association Basic Guidelines of Judicious Therapeutic Use of Antimicrobials August 1, 2006 Introduction The Basic Guidelines to Judicious
More informationFeline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)
Virus (FeLV) FIV and FeLV are both viruses within the same family of retroviruses, but they are in different groups within that family: FIV is in one group called lentiviruses these cause lifelong infections
More informationAnnual Review of Cases 2003
Annual Review of Cases 2003 Review author Jan Hoole PhD Veterinary advice provided by Caroline Bower BVM&S MRCVS Dip CABC Introduction This APBC Annual Review of Cases, based on data submitted by participating
More informationAgenda. General Information. Curing the Litter Box Blues: Feline Elimination Disorders
October 16, 2011 Curing the Litter Box Blues: Feline Elimination Disorders Susan Krebsbach, DVM Veterinary Animal Behavior Consulting Services Website: www.creaturecounseling.com Agenda General information
More informationMedical Notes. Wellness Care. Bulger Animal Hospital Newsletter. Volume 2, Issue 1 Winter 2008
InTown Veterinary Group Bulger Animal Hospital Newsletter Volume 2, Issue 1 Winter 2008 InTown Veterinary Group is dedicated to providing clients with an unparalleled range of veterinary care options.
More informationUnderstanding your cat s FOOD ALLERGIES
Understanding your cat s FOOD ALLERGIES What are food allergies? Diagnosing if your cat has a true food allergy can be very difficult. In this leaflet we will help you to recognise common signs of food
More informationSYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS
SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS Brussels, 26th 28th April 2006 Hill s European Symposium on Advances in Feline Medicine Close window to return to IVIS Feline Idiopathic Cystitis Demystifying the Jodi L. Westropp
More informationUnderstanding your pet s LIVER CONDITION
Understanding your pet s LIVER CONDITION Why is the liver so important? What causes liver disease in dogs and cats? The liver is one of the largest organs in your pet s body, and it s vital for their good
More informationAustralian and New Zealand College of Veterinary Scientists. Fellowship Examination. Small Animal Medicine Paper 1
Australian and New Zealand College of Veterinary Scientists Fellowship Examination June 2014 Small Animal Medicine Paper 1 Perusal time: Twenty (20) minutes Time allowed: Four (4) hours after perusal Answer
More informationAustralian and New Zealand College of Veterinary Scientists. Membership Examination. Veterinary Radiology (Small Animal) Paper 1
Australian and New Zealand College of Veterinary Scientists Membership Examination June 2016 Veterinary Radiology (Small Animal) Paper 1 Perusal time: Fifteen (15) minutes Time allowed: Two (2) hours after
More informationAfter Evaluation ICHS Action Healthy (H)
Iowa County Humane Society Asilomar Accords Animal Classifications In order to improve consistency and clarity the Iowa County Humane Society (ICHS) has decided to accept the following Asilomar Accords
More informationCan doxycycline cause urinary track infection in dog
Pesquisar... Can doxycycline cause urinary track infection in dog Doxycycline can be used to treat a number of different types of infections caused by bacteria, including a urinary tract infection. Doxycycline
More informationNOTE: Sometimes trying to urinate and missing the tray may also be a sign that the animal may have a urinary or bladder infection or inflammation.
Product Name: AN 001 Stress Spray No More 5 Pages: Suitability: Cats, dogs and rabbits Related Products: Last Updated: 11-01-18 This is a homeopathic and Bach flowers combination for stressed, upset and
More informationESBL Positive E. coli and K. pneumoneae are Emerging as Major Pathogens for Urinary Tract Infection
ESBL Positive E. coli and K. pneumoneae are Emerging as Major Pathogens for Urinary Tract Infection Muhammad Abdur Rahim*, Palash Mitra*. Tabassum Samad*. Tufayel Ahmed Chowdhury*. Mehruba Alam Ananna*.
More informationCat Surrender Profile
Cat Surrender Profile GENERAL INFORMATION Intake Date: Animal ID #: Cat s Name: Age: Is your cat? Male Female Unknown Is the cat spayed/neutered? Yes No Unknown Does this cat have: Tattoo Microchip Not
More informationKeeping and caring for your senior cat WITH A POSITIVE CATTITUDE!
Keeping and caring for your senior cat WITH A POSITIVE CATTITUDE! Welcome to your cat s golden years! When your cat turns 7, the years ahead of you may be some of the closest you and your cat will share,
More informationOutline Animal Welfare Series Caring for the Senior Pet
Outline Animal Welfare Series Caring for the Senior Pet Joshua Steinhaus Christie Wong Veterinary Specialty Hospital (VSH)- Hong Kong What is an older patient? Defining Age Defining Geriatric Medicine
More informationWith: C.A. TONY BUFFINGTON, DVM, MS, PHD, DACVN
Chicago Veterinary Medical Association Shaping the Future of Veterinary Medicine - Promoting the Human-Animal Bond. Proudly Presents: FELINE URINARY/NUTRITION With: C.A. TONY BUFFINGTON, DVM, MS, PHD,
More informationRadiographical Assessment of the Urinary System Diseases in Cats
Radiographical Assessment of the Urinary System Diseases in Cats Vlad TIPIŞCĂ 1), Leonardo MEOMARTINO 2), Laura CORTESE 3), Giuseppina MENNONNA 2), Cristina BARBAZAN-ŞERBAN 1), Andrei BĂISAN 1), Constantin
More informationKEEP YOUR PUPPY HEALTHY FOR LESS with our monthly payment plan
KEEP YOUR PUPPY HEALTHY FOR LESS with our PUPPY BASIC PLAN Monthly Payment: $34.95-3 Intestinal Parasite Screenings - 4 Pyrantel Deworming Treatments - Heartworm and Tick Borne Disease Screening Distemper/Parvo/Adenovirus/Parainfluenza,
More informationDr Eleri Davies. Consultant Microbiologist and Infection Control Doctor, Public Health Wales NHS Trust
Dr Eleri Davies Consultant Microbiologist and Infection Control Doctor, Public Health Wales NHS Trust Antimicrobial stewardship What is it? Why is it important? Treatment and management of catheter-associated
More informationRESPECTFUL CAT HANDLING - GETTING PURRSPECTIVE: THE CAT, THE CLIENT, THE CLINIC Margie Scherk, DVM, Dip ABVP (Feline Practice) Vancouver, Canada
RESPECTFUL CAT HANDLING - GETTING PURRSPECTIVE: THE CAT, THE CLIENT, THE CLINIC Margie Scherk, DVM, Dip ABVP (Feline Practice) Vancouver, Canada While the number of cats kept as companions in North American
More informationUrine volume (ml/24 hr)
Exotic Companion Mammal Urolithiasis Peter G. Fisher, DVM, DABVP (Exotic Companion Mammal) Pet Care Veterinary Hospital, Virginia Beach, VA, USA Urinary tract disease is not uncommon in the exotic companion
More informationMy Cat is Grooming Himself Bald. Lynne Seibert DVM, MS, PhD, DACVB
My Cat is Grooming Himself Bald Lynne Seibert DVM, MS, PhD, DACVB ocddoc@msn.com George 7 yr old, MN, DSH, 12# Presenting complaint: excessive grooming/barbering, pulling out fur Patchy alopecia Episodic
More informationJanuary Newsletter 2017
January Newsletter 2017 Acupuncture An Age-old Treatment By Emily Bemrose, DVM I have been offering acupuncture for my patients since 2013. Acupuncture is a technique that involves placing needles over
More information