PREVALENCE OF RENAL DISORDERS IN DOGS A CLINICAL STUDY

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2 Int. J. Agric.Sc & Vet.Med Satish Kumar Karlapudi and Srikanth Kandula, 2014 Research Paper ISSN Vol. 2, No. 3, August All Rights Reserved PREVALENCE OF RENAL DISORDERS IN DOGS A CLINICAL STUDY Srikanth Kandula 1 and Satish Kumar Karlapudi2 * *Corresponding Author: Satish Kumar Karlapudi, drsatish.ksk@gmail.com When a total of 237 dogs were subjected for various diagnostic protocol like, urine analysis, urine enzymology, serum chemistry and ultrasonography for diagnosing renal disorders, 79 cases (33.33%) cases were diagnosed for renal insufficiency associated with various causes, viz., nephritis, cystitis and/urethritis, urolithiasis, pyometra, renal insufficiency associated with cardiovascular and other systemic causes and mixed conditions. Of all the causes nephritis (24.05) was recorded as highest prevalent in dogs. Further renal insufficiency was highly prevalent in Labrador (21.05%) and in female dogs (63.16%). Keywords: Renal disorders, Prevalence, Dogs INTRODUCTION Renal insufficiency has been commonly encountered in aged dogs and research has thrown more light on its pathogenesis and management (Srinivasan, 2009). Various causes like existing renal diseases, ischemia, toxins and other events that decrease renal perfusion (Graner, 2007) and other causes like nephritis, urinary tract obstruction and lower urinary tract infections may result in renal insufficiency that leads to renal failure (Cowgill and Elliot, 2000). The present research was undertaken to study the prevalence of various renal disorders in dogs. MATERIAL AND METHODS The present study was carried out in 237 dogs that were presented with the history and signs of chronic recurrent vomiting, weight loss and with different abnormalities of urine like polyuria, hematuria or stranguria, to Veterinary Hospital Bhoiguda, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. These cases were subjected for through clinical examination and various diagnostic protocols like, urine analysis, urine enzymology, serum chemistry and ultrasonography for diagnosing renal insufficiency. 1 Veterinary Assistant Surgeon, Veterinary Dispensary, Korutla, Karimnagar, Telangana, India. 2 Veterinary Medicine, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Veterinary Hospital Warangal, Telangana, India. 146

3 Int. J. Agric.Sc & Vet.Med Satish Kumar Karlapudi and Srikanth Kandula, 2014 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In the present study the prevalance of various renal disorders were recorded as 24.04% (renal tissue pathology associated disorders), 22.79% (cystitis and or urethritis), 15.19% (urolithiasis), 11.39% (systematic causes associated renal diseases) and 17.72% (mixed conditions), respectively. Further, cystitis and end stage kidney; renal stones and cystoliths; cystitis and cystoliths and nephritis were the significant mixed conditions that were recorded in the present study. The present findings were in accordance with Vijay Kumar et al. (2011) who reported that end stage kidney, nephritis, urolithiasis and hydronephrosis were the specific renal disorders among dogs. Whereas, Ji-Young et al. (2010), reported that urolithiasis (24.30%), nephritis (22.9%) and other systematic causes (35.7%) were the common renal disorders in dogs. Cystitis, that was diagnosed based on urine culture and ultrasonographic examination was presented as 4.95% (Satyendra et al., 2009) and whereas, Crawford and Adams (2002) reported the prevalence of cystitis with UTI as 70.58%. The variation in the prevalence of cystitis might be associated with many factors like environmental and un hygienic managemental practices during puerperal stage. The relative difference in the prevalence rate of various renal diseases in the present study could be due to several extrinsic factors like geographical, environmental and managemental practices. Among the breed wise prevalence highest was recorded in Labrador (21.05%) followed by GSD (15.79%) and lowest (5.26%) in Boxer, Doberman, Pomerarian and Pug, respectively. These findings were in accordance with Mallela (2003) and Ahmed (2011) who reported that the incidence of renal disorders were highest in Labrador and GSD and lowest in Pomeranian and mixed breeds. The present findings related to breed- wise prevalence were also in accordance with Saravanan et al. (2012) who documented high prevalence of renal failure among Labrador breeds. The relative difference with breed wise prevalence of renal disorders might be due to distribution of a particular breed in the geographical area where the present study was carried out. Whereas, the prevalence was highest (52.63%) among the dogs of above 8 years age and lowest among up to 4 years (10.53). These findings were in agreement with Kralova et al. (2010), Ahmad (2011) and Kavitha et al. (2013), who opined that renal disorders were common complaints among aged dogs that were above 8 years of age and risk increases with age. This might be due to the fact that with advancing age blood flow to the kidney decreases and there is a loss of nephrons, the resorption process with in the prevailing nephrons also gets impaired with advance in age (Grauer and Lane, 1995). The sex wise occurrence of renal insufficiency showed a highest prevalence as 63.16%, in female dogs, in contrast to that of male (36.84%) dogs diagnosed in present study. The highest incidence of most of renal disorders in female dogs might be due to various unhygienic managemental practices during peurperal stage that may lead to genital infection, which may progress as urogentital complaints (Tilley and Smith, 2007). However, investigation with respect to the prevalence related to breed, age and sex involving large population size is warranted to substantiate these findings. CONCLUSION Out of 237 dogs, nephritis (24.05) was recorded as highest prevalent in dogs. Further renal 147

4 Int. J. Agric.Sc & Vet.Med Satish Kumar Karlapudi and Srikanth Kandula, 2014 insufficiency was highly prevalent in female dogs (63.16%) of Labrador retreiver (21.05%). REFERENCES 1. Ahmed (2011), Incidence of Renal Desorders in Canines, Evaluating Prognostic Markers in Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxic Dogs, Thesis Submitted to IVRI Izathnagar, UP, India. 2. Cowgill L and Elliot D A (2000), Acute Renal Failure, Text Book of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 5 th Edition, pp , Philadelphia, W B Saunders. 3. Crawford J T and Adams W M (2002), Influence of Vestibuloveginal Stenosis, Pelvic Bladder and Recessed Vulva on Response to Treatment for Clinical Signs of Lower Urinary Tract Disease in Dogs: 38 Cases, Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, Vol. 221, pp Graner G F (2007), Management of Acute Renal Failure, BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Nephrolo and Urology, 2 nd Edition, pp , BSAVA Wood House, Gloucester. 5. Grauer G F and Lane I F (1995), Acute Renal Failure: Ischemic and Chemical Nephrosis, Canine and Feline Nephrology and Urology, Osborne C A and Finco D R (Eds.), pp , Lea and Febiger Book, Williams and Wilkins, USA. 6. Kavitha S, Nambi A P, Srinivasan S R, Jayaprakash R and Muralimanohar B (2013), Clinicopathological Changes in Chronic Renal Disease in Dogs, Indian Veterinary Journal, Vol. 90, No. 4, pp Kralova S, Leva L and Toman M (2010), Changes in Lymphocyte Function and Subsets in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Chronic Renal Failure, The Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, pp. 74, pp Mallela M K (2003), Studies on Renal Failure and its Clinical Management in Canines, Thesis Submitted to ANGRAU, Hyderabad. 9. Saravanan M, Sarma K, Kumar M, Amol G R, Mahendran K and Mondal D B (2012), Management of Acute Rernal Failure by Using Conventional Therapy in a Dogs, Indian Journal of Medicine, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp Satyendra Kumar, Singh J L, Rajora V S and Verma R S (2009), Prevalence of Canine Cystitis in Some Parts of India, Indian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp Tilley L P and Smith F W K (2007), Renal Failure, Blackwell s Five Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine and Feline, pp , Blackwell Publishing, USA. 12. Vijay Kumar, Adarsh Kumar and Varshney A C (2011), Ultrasonographic Imaging for Structural Characterization of Renal Affections and Diagnosis of Associated Chronic Renal Failure in 10 Dogs, International Scholarly Research Network, Vol. 2011, Article ID , 11 pages doi: /2011/

DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF CHOLECYSTITIS IN DOGS

DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF CHOLECYSTITIS IN DOGS Int. J. Agric.Sc & Vet.Med. 2014 K Satish Kumar and D Srikala, 2014 Research Paper ISSN 2320-3730 www.ijasvm.com Vol. 2, No. 3, August 2014 2014 www.ijasvm.com. All Rights Reserved DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT