International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences
|
|
- August Haynes
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Research Article Pharmacology International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ISSN IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM FLORAL BUDS AND CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM BARK AQUEOUS EXTRACTS P. LAKSHMI KUMARI *1, A. SUJITHA 2 AND N. MAHAMMAD RAFI 2 1 Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Sree Vidyanikethan Degree College, Tirupati , India 2 Postgraduate students, Department of Chemical Sciences, Sree Vidyanikethan Degree College, Tirupati , India ABSTRACT Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) are the aromatic dried flower buds of a tree in the Myrtaceae family and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) bark are common Indian spices with enormous medicinal value. This study investigates in vitro anthelmintic activity of aqueous extracts of S. aromaticum (floral buds) and C. zeylanicum (bark). Phytochemical analysis of the extracts of S. aromaticum and C. zeylanicum revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenolics, phlobatannins, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinone glycosides, hydroxyl anthraquinones, flavonoids and terpenoids. Aqueous extracts of S. aromaticum and C.zeylanicum were evaluated for anthelmintic activity against Indian earthworm Pheritima posthuma. Albendazole (10 and 20 mg/ml) was used as a reference standard. Various concentrations (5, 10 and 20 mg/ml) of both plant extracts were tested and results were expressed in terms of time taken for paralysis (PT) and death (D) of worms. The potency of the above extracts was found to be inversely proportional to PT and D. Dose dependent activity was observed in the plant extracts. At higher dose of 20 mg/ml C. zeylanicum showed significant activity as compared to S. aromaticum. KEYWORDS: Anthelmintic activity, Syzygium aromaticum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Pheretima posthuma, Phytochemical screening, Albendazole. P. LAKSHMI KUMARI Assistant Professor of Biochemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Sree Vidyanikethan Degree College, Tirupati , India *Corresponding author P - 319
2 INTRODUCTION Helminthiasis is a macro parasitic worm disease of humans and animals in which a part of the body is infected with parasitic worms such as pinworm, roundworm, or tapeworm. It is one of the most common infections in mankind affecting a large proportion of the world population. Parasitic diseases may cause severe morbidities including lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis 1. Anthelmintics are drugs that may act locally to expel worms from the gastrointestinal tract or systemically to eradicate adult helminths or development forms that invade organs and tissues 2. Chemotherapy is the commonly used effective tool to cure and control helminth infection, as effective vaccines have not been developed so far 3 Indiscriminate use of the existing drugs causes adverse effects and made the parasites to develop drug resistance 4. Development of resistance to most of the commercially available anthelmintics became a problem world-wide. These factors paved the way for herbal remedies as an effective alternate anthelmintics 5,6,7. These days modern research focuses on phytoremedies to overcome adverse effects and drug resistance problems 3. A number of medicinal plants have been used to treat parasitic infections in man and domestic animals 8,9. Therefore an attempt has been made to evaluate anthelmintic activity of S. aromaticum floral buds and C. zeylanicum bark on adult earthworm Pheretima posthuma. From time immemorial, medicinal plants have been an indispensable source for treating a variety of ailments and acquired global importance. Indigenous medicines like Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani deploy a variety of herbal ingredients. Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) are the aromatic dried flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae. Cloves are used in Indian ayurvedic medicine, Chinese medicine, and Western herbalism. The clove tree is an evergreen that grows to a height ranging from 8 12 m, having large leaves and sanguine flowers in numerous groups of terminal clusters. The floral buds are at first of a pale color, gradually become green and develop into bright red at maturity. Cloves are harvested when cm long, and consist of a long calyx, terminating in four spreading sepals. Cloves are used as a carminative, to increase hydrochloric acid in the stomach and to improve peristalsis. Cloves are also said to be a natural anthelmintic 10. C. zeylanicum is a evergreen aromatic tree belonging to the family, Lauraceae. The species of Cinnamomum have aromatic oils in their leaves and bark. Both powdered and in whole, or "stick" form are used as a flavouring agent in food and therapeutic agent in ayurvedic medicine 11. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collection and identification of plant material S. aromaticum floral buds and bark of C. zeylanicum used in this study were purchased from local market, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. The materials were identified and authenticated by Dr. P. S. T. Jaya Devi, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Sree Vidyanikethan Degree College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. A voucher specimen was deposited in the department for future reference. Drugs and chemicals Albendazole procured from Ranbaxy pharmaceuticals Ltd. was used as reference standard for anthemintic activity. Sodium Chloride (NaCl) and Tween-80 were procured from Merck, India and normal saline was prepared by dissolving 0.9 g of NaCl in sterile distilled water. Preparation of extract About 50g of each plant material i.e., floral buds of S. aromaticum or bark of C. zeylanicum were weighed and blended into coarse powder. The contents were suspended in about 250 ml of distilled water in a conical flask with stopper and kept in shaker for one day by thoroughly monitoring for every one hour. The extracts were filtered by using a muslin cloth and kept in a water bath at 50 C to concentrate it. The concentrated extracts were stored in a brown glass bottle at 4 C. Phytochemical screening Preliminary phytochemical screening was employed to detect various secondary P - 320
3 metabolites in the extracts of S. aromaticum and C. zeylanicum. The extracts were tested for the presence of alkaloids, phenolics and tannins, glycosides, flavanoids, phlobatannins, carbohydrates, steroids and terpenoids 12. Preparation of standard drug and test formulations Albendazole is the first drug of choice for the treatment of worm infections. It is the first reported anthelmintic which promises to have useful activity against all the types of helminth parasites infecting human beings and domestic animals 13,14. It was prepared by dissolving in normal saline at the concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/ml. Test formulations to evaluate in vitro anthelmintic activity were prepared by adding 0.1% Tween-80 and suspending respective amounts of each extract in 50 ml of normal saline to obtain 5, 10 and 20 mg/ml concentration. Animals used Indian adult earthworms Pheretima posthuma were used to study anthelmintic activity. The earthworms were collected from a local place and washed with normal saline to remove the faecal matter. They were identified and authenticated by Dr. S. V. Ravikanth, Department of Biological Sciences, Sree Vidyanikethan Degree College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. The earthworms were used for the evaluation of anthelmintic activity due to their anatomical and physiological resemblance with the intestinal roundworm parasites of human beings, uninfectious nature to humans and easy availability 15,16,17. The earthworms of 3-5 cm in length and cm in width were used for all experimental protocols. Anthelmintic activity The Anthelmintic activity of aqueous extracts of S. aromaticum floral buds and C. zeylanicum bark was performed according to the methodology followed by Ajayieoba et.al. 18 on adult Indian earthworm, Pheretima posthuma. The earthworms were randomly divided into 9 groups. Each group of six earthworms was released into the desired formulation. Each formulation of 50 ml contains different concentrations of standard drug or aqueous extract of plant (5, 10 and 20 mg/ml in normal saline and 0.1% Tween-80). Observations were made for the time taken to set paralysis and death of the individual worms. Mean time for the paralysis (PT) in minutes was noted when no movement of any sort could be observed, except when the worm was shaken vigorously. Death was said to be occurred when the worms lost their motility followed by fading of their body color. Time of death (D) in minutes was recorded after ascertaining the worms neither moved when shaken vigorously nor when dipped in warm water (50 C). Statistical analysis The results were expressed as mean ± SEM (standard error mean of six worms). Statistical analysis was performed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey s multiple comparisons test, using graph pad software. P values <0.01 were consider to be significant. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Preliminary phytochemical screening of aqueous extracts of S. aromaticum floral buds and C. zeylanicum bark revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolics and tannins, glycosides, flavanoids, phlobatannins, carbohydrates and terpenoids as indicated in Table 1. In the present study, the control earthworms in vehicle (normal saline and 0.1% Tween-80) were exhibiting usual motility even after completion of anthelmintic activity evaluation as shown in Figure 1a. P - 321
4 Table 1 Phytochemical screening of S. aromaticum and C. zeylanicum extracts The standard drug used for comparison of anthelmintic activity was Albendazole at two different concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/ml (Figures 1b and 1c). The anthelmintic effect of aqueous extracts of S. aromaticum floral buds and bark of C. zeylanicum was studied at various doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/ml as represented in Figures 2 and 3 respectively. Figure 1 Vehicle and anthelmintic activity of standard drug Figure 2 Anthelmintic activity of S. aromaticum P - 322
5 Figure 3 Anthelmintic activity of C. zeylanicum The time taken for paralysis and death of individual earthworm was recorded, expressed as mean ± SEM of six worms and were significant at 99% level of confidence (P<0.01) as represented in Figure 4. In case of standard drug (10 mg/ml), the time taken for paralysis was 95 ± 1.33 minutes followed by death at 111 ± 1.52 minutes. Similarly, at higher dose of 20 mg/ml, PT was reduced to 56 ± 1.31 minutes and death occurred at 76 ± 1.54 minutes as shown in Figure 4. As the concentration of drug increased, a decrease in PT and D was observed. Figure 4 Comparison of PT and D of earthworms treated with Albendazole and plant extracts The plant extracts viz. S. aromaticum and C. zeylanicum were able to produce dose dependent paralysis and death in earthworms. Higher concentration of extract produced paralytic effect much earlier and the time taken for death was shorter for all worms. Phytochemical screening of crude extracts revealed presence of tannins which are shown to produce anthelmintic activity 19,20,21. Some synthetic phenolic anthelmintics like niclosamide, oxiclonazide and bithionol were shown to interfere with energy generation in helminth parasites by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. Another possible P - 323
6 anthelmintic effect of tannins is that, they can bind to free proteins in the gastrointestinal tract of host animal or glycoproteins on the cuticle of parasite and cause death 22. At lower dose of 5 mg/ml, both the extracts were showing almost comparable anthelmintic activity. Whereas, at higher dose of 20 mg/ml, C. zeylanicum bark extract was more effective than S. aromaticum as indicated by significant decrease in time required for paralysis i.e., 5 ± 1.06 minutes at 20 mg/ml followed by death at 11 ± 1.23 minutes as shown in Figure 4. Both the extracts evaluated for the anthelmintic activity exhibited dose related effect and it was greater than standard drug Albendazole at similar concentrations. The results revealed that the tested phytoremedial anthelmintics are potential in devastating worms as compared to standard drugs available. CONCLUSION From the present study it is evident that both the plant extracts viz. S. aromaticum floral buds and C. zeylanicum bark were showing enhanced anthelmintic activity when compared to Albendazole at similar concentration. The anthelmintic activity exhibited was dose dependent. Tannins present in the plant extract may be responsible for this activity. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Authors are thankful to Sree Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy for extended help to carry out this research work. REFERENCES 1. Ghosh T., Maity TK., Bose A., Dash GK. Anthelmintic activity of Bacopa monierri. Indian J.Nat Prodct, 21 : 16-19, (2005). 2. Mohamed AAER., Ismail MAN., Mohamed AO., Moustafa FM. Cytotoxic effects of albendazole, antiparasitic drug, on the liver of the rat: Subchronic study. Egyptian journal of Biology, 1: 16-29, (1999). 3. Singh D., Swarnkar CP., Khan FA. Anthelmintic resistance in Gastrointestinal nematodes in livestock in India. J Vet Parasit, 16 : , (2002). 4. Devi K., Indumathy S., Rathinambal V., Uma S., Kavimani S., Balu V. Anthelmintic activity of Asta Churna. Intl J. Health Res, 2 (1) : , (2009). 5. Nisha PV., Shruti N., Sweta Swamy K., Meera Kumari, Vedamurthy AB., Krishna V., Hoskeri JH. Anthelmintic activity of Pyrostegia venusta using Pheretima posthuma. Intl J. Pharma Sci Drug Res, 4 (3) : , (2012). 6. Coles GC. Nematode control practices and anthelminthic resistance on British sheep farms. Veterinary Record, 141 : 91-93, (1997). 7. Satyavati GV., Raina MK., Sharma M. Medicinal Plants of India. Indian Council of Medical research, New Delhi, India, 1 : , (1976). 8. Nadkarni AK. Indian Materia Medica. 3rd Edn, Vol 1, Popular Prakashan, Bombay, India, (1954). 9. Akhtar MS., Zafar I., Khan MN., Muhammad L. Anthelminthic activity of medicinal plants with particular reference to their use in animals in Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. Small Ruminant Research, 38 : , (2000). 10. Bhowmik D., Sampath Kumar KP., Akhilesh Yadav., Shweta S., Shrawan P., Amit Sankar Dutta. Recent Trends in Indian Traditional Herbs Syzygium aromaticum and its Health Benefits. J Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 1 (1) : 13 22, (2012). 11. Ravindran PN., Nirmal Babu K., Shylaja M. Cinnamon and Cassia: The genus Cinnamomum. CRC Press, (2003). 12. Trease GE., and Evans WC. Pharmacognosy. 13 th edn, English Language Book Society, Bailliere Tindall, London, 378 : , (1989). 13. Goldman L., and Schafer AI. Goldman's Cecil medicine. 24th edn, Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders, , (2012). 14. Somnath DE., Dey A., Sudhakar Babu AMS., Aneela S. Anthelmintic activity of methanolic extract of Sphaeranthus P - 324
7 amaranthoides burm, Int J Pharm Bio Sci, 5 (2) : , (2014). 15. Vidyarthi RD. A Textbook of Zoology, 14 th edn, New Delhi: S Chand and Co. Press, , (1967). 16. Chatterjee KD. Parasitology (Protozoology and Helminthology) in relation to Clinical Medicine, 6 th edn, Calcutta: Sree Sarswathy Press, , (1967). 17. Dash GK., Suresh P., Kar DM., Ganpathy S., Panda SB. Evaluation of Evolvulus alsinoides Linn. Forv anthelmintic and Antimicrobial activities, J Nat Remedies, 2 : , (2002). 18. Ajayieoba EO., Onocha PA., Olarenwaju OT. In-vitro anthelmintic properties of Buchholzia coriaceae and Gynandropsis gynandra extract. Pharm. Biol, 39 : , (2001). 19. Iqbal Z., Sarwar M., Jabbar A., Ahmed S., Nisa M., Sajid MS., Khan MN., Mufti KA., Yaseen M. Direct and indirect anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins in sheep. Vet.Parasitol, 144 : , (2007). 20. Katiki LM., Ferreira JF., Gonzalez JM., Zajac AM., Lindsay DS., Chagas AC., Amarante AF. Anthelmintic effect of plant extracts containing condensed and hydrolyzable tannins on Caenorhabditis elegans, and their antioxidant capacity. Vet.Parasitol, 192 : , (2013). 21. Jothi Karumari R., Vijayalakshmi K., Balasubramanian SE. Preliminary phytochemical analysis and anthelmintic activity of the aqueous extract of Ocimum sanctum (Linnaeus, 1767) leaves (green and black) against cotylophoron cotylophorum (Fischoeder, 1901). Int J Pharm Bio Sci, 5 (2) : , (2014). 22. Athnasiadou S., Kyriazakis F., Jackson RL., Coop. Direct anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins towards different gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep: In vivo studies. Vet.Parasitol, 99 : , (2001). P - 325
Volume: I: Issue-3: Nov-Dec IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF THE WHOLE PLANT OF ENICOSTEMMA LITTORALE BY USING VARIOUS EXTRACTS
Volume: I: Issue3: NovDec 2010 IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF THE WHOLE PLANT OF ENICOSTEMMA LITTORALE BY USING VARIOUS EXTRACTS S.Vidyadhar*, M.Saidulu, T.K.Gopal, D. Chamundeeswari, Umamaheswara rao,
More informationInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences EVALUATION OF ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF LEAVES OF PAEDERIA FOETIDA YADU NANDAN DEY MANAS KUMAR PAL
International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences RESEARCH ARTICLE PHARMACOLOGY EVALUATION OF ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF LEAVES OF PAEDERIA FOETIDA Corresponding Author YADU NANDAN DEY central council for
More informationInternational Journal of Advances in Pharmacy and Biotechnology Vol.3, Issue-1, 2017, 8-12 Research Article Open Access.
I J A P B International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy and Biotechnology Vol.3, Issue-1, 2017, 8-12 Research Article Open Access. ISSN: 2454-8375 PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC
More informationIn Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Senna occidentalis
Human Journals Research Article December 2017 Vol.:8, Issue:2 All rights are reserved by K. Purushotham et al. In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Senna occidentalis Keywords: Anthelmintic activity, Senna
More informationAnthelmintic activity of Cassia auriculata L. extracts-in vitro study
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour., 2011, 1 (2): 62-66 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN : 2231 3184 CODEN (USA):
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research
Available on line www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research ISSN No: 0975-7384 CODEN(USA): JCPRC5 J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2011, 3(2):298-302 In vitro anthelmintic activity of stem bark
More informationIN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF LEAVES OF JUGLANS REGIA L AGAINST PHERETIMA POSTHUMA
Sci. Revs. Chem. Commun.: 1(1), 2011, 78-82 IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF LEAVES OF JUGLANS REGIA L AGAINST PHERETIMA POSTHUMA R. DAS *, D. K. MEHTA and A. GUPTA Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Badhani,
More informationAvailable online through
Research Article Available online through www.ijrap.net EVALUATION OF ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF STEM BARK OF HOLOPTELEA INTEGRIFOLIA (ROXB) PLANCH Durga Nadella *, Paarakh Padmaa M Dept of Pharmacognosy,
More informationVol-3, Issue-4, Suppl-1, Nov 2012 ISSN: Lakshmi et al
PHARMA SCIENCE MONITOR AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF ROTULA AQUATICA LOUR BARK Lakshmi V.K*, Triveni K B, Anitha S, Shashidhara S Department of Pharmacognosy,
More informationANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF SESAMUM INDICUM (L.) SEEDS EXTRACT ON INDIAN EARTHWORM
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY Available online at www.ijrpc.com Research Article ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF SESAMUM INDICUM (L.) SEEDS EXTRACT ON INDIAN EARTHWORM Supriya Bhandare
More informationIN-VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF SOLANAM PUBESCENS AND GYMNOSPORIA EMERGINATA LEAVE
International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences RESEARCH ARTICLE PHARMACOLOGY IN-VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF SOLANAM PUBESCENS AND GYMNOSPORIA EMERGINATA LEAVE UMA VASIREDDY, HEMAMALINI. K*, VAMSHI.
More informationHarekrishna Roy et al / Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Vol. 2 (5), 2010,
Preliminary phytochemical investigation and anthelmintic activity of Acanthospermum hispidum DC. Harekrishna Roy*, Anup Chakraborty, Satyabrata Bhanja, Bhabani Shankar Nayak Sruti Ranjan Mishra, P. Ellaiah.
More informationInternational Journal of Phytomedicine 3 (2011) 36-40
International Journal of Phytomedicine 3 (2011) 36-40 http://www.arjournals.org/index.php/ijpm/index Original Research Article ISSN: 0975-0185 Anthelmintic activity of extracts of Coriandrum sativum linn.
More informationMane L.B. et al., Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology & Innovation, 03 (10); 2015; Research Article
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology & Innovation ISSN: 2347-8810 Research Article Received on: 04-01-2015 Accepted on: 21-01-2015 Published on: 15-02-2015 Anthelmintic Activity of Ethanolic Extract
More informationPharmacologyonline 2: (2011)
I VITRO A THELMI TIC PROPERTY OF VARIOUS HERBAL PLA TS EXTRACTS AGAI ST PHERITIMA POSTHUMA Ahirrao R. A. 1*, Patel M.R. 2, Sayyed Hamid 1, Patil J. K. 1, Suryawanshi H.P. 1 and Tadavi S.A. 1 1 Research
More informationInternational Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 1, Issue 1, July-Sep. 2009
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 1, Issue 1, July-Sep. 2009 Research article COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY BETWEEN AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SOLANUM
More informationINVIVO STUDY ON THE EFFICACY OF Vernonia amygdalina (BITTER LEAF) EXTRACT ON Ascaris lumbricoides, USING MICE
INVIVO STUDY ON THE EFFICACY OF Vernonia amygdalina (BITTER LEAF) EXTRACT ON Ascaris lumbricoides, USING MICE * RWANG, P.G 1, MATUR, B.M 2, MERCY, K.P 3 AND ISHOR, D 1 1. The Federal University, Lafia,
More informationPharmacologyonline 1: (2011) Newsletter Harwansh et al.
SCREENING OF CHLOROXYLON SWIETENIA DC ROOT FOR ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITIES Ranjit Kumar Harwansh 1 *, Surendra Kumar Pareta 1, Kartik Chandra Patra 1 and Rajendra Jangde 2 1 SLT Institute
More information9.0 ANTHELMINTIC STUDIES
9. ANTHELMINTIC STUDIES India is an agricultural country and its natural wealth makes a substantial contribution to its economy. Worldwide about 3 million cases of helminthiasis is exist at present, either
More informationHussain Saheb S et al /J. Pharm. Sci. & Res. Vol.3(9), 2011,
Priliminary Phytochemical Screening, Anthelmintic Activity of Methanolic and Aqueous Extract of Syzygium Cumini Linn. Bark (Myrtaceae). Kannabiran kavitha*, Mariappan Murali, Kuncha Jayachandra Department
More informationPharmacologyonline 2: (2011) ewsletter Kumar et al
I VITRO A THELMI TIC ACTIVITY OF ROOT OF HOMO OIA RIPARIA Lour. AGAI ST PHERETIMA POSTHUMA Satish Kumar B. I* ; Sanjay Prahlad Umachigi II ;Vrushabendra Swamy B.M III ; Syed Bilal III ; Kamal kumar Goyal
More informationJournal home page:
Journal home page: http://www.journalijiar.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE AND APPLIED RESEARCH RESEARCH ARTICLE PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF PHELLINUS WAHLBERGII Ashok
More informationAnthelmintic activity of essential oil of Pimenta dioica (Linn.) Merill, Family: Myrtaceae, collected in Summer from South Canara, India.
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com European Journal of Experimental Biology, 01, ():71-75 ISSN: 915 CODEN (USA): EJEBAU Anthelmintic activity of essential oil of Pimenta dioica (Linn.)
More informationIN VITRO ANTHELMINTHIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ISOLATED COMPOUNDS FROM ANNONA SQUAMOSA BARK
IJPSR (2018), Volume 9, Issue 6 (Research Article) Received on 15 August, 2017; received in revised form, 12 November, 2017; accepted, 25 December, 2017; published 01 June, 2018 IN VITRO ANTHELMINTHIC
More informationIn-vitro Comparative Study of Anthelmintic Activity of Mukia maderaspatana and Sida cordata
Research Article In-vitro Comparative Study of Anthelmintic Activity of Mukia maderaspatana and Sida cordata M. Lavanya *, G. Anusha, R. Seshu Lavanya, B. Mary Prasanna Kumari, P. Anand Kumar, M. Parvathi
More informationEFFECTS OF GARLIC, TURMERIC AND BETEL LEAF AGAINST GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES IN CATTLE. M. R. Amin, M. Mostofa, M. A. Awal and M. A.
Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (1): 115 119 EFFECTS OF GARLIC, TURMERIC AND BETEL LEAF AGAINST GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES IN CATTLE M. R. Amin, M. Mostofa, M. A. Awal and M. A. Sultana Department of Pharmacology,
More informationTHE ACTIVITIES OF ANTHELMINTIC INFUSA OF PAPAYA SEEDS (CARICA PAPAYA L.) AGAINST WORMS ASCARIS SUUM (STUDY IN VITRO)
THE ACTIVITIES OF ANTHELMINTIC INFUSA OF PAPAYA SEEDS (CARICA PAPAYA L.) AGAINST WORMS ASCARIS SUUM (STUDY IN VITRO) Maulidila Briliana Agarti, Muhammad Ibrahim, Salma Alfiana, Sekentya Mauridha Sasturi,
More informationPHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN-VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT FROM THE STEM BARK OF PLUMERIA RUBRA LINN.
IJPSR (2017), Volume 8, Issue 12 (Research Article) Received on 18 June, 2017; received in revised form, 16 November, 2017; accepted, 22 November, 2017; published 01 December, 2017 PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING
More informationAn in-vitro approach for evaluating anthelmintic activity of Kandelia candel and Rhizophora apiculata
2017; 6(1): 05-09 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2017; 6(1): 05-09 Received: 02-11-2016 Accepted: 03-12-2016 Arun Kashivishwanath Shettar Ankala Basappa Vedamurthy An in-vitro approach for evaluating
More informationPreliminary Phytochemical Screening and Anthelmintic Activity of Chloroxylon swietenia Root Extract
International Journal of Phytomedicine 2 (2010) 255-259 http://www.arjournals.org/ijop.html ISSN: 0975-0185 Research Article Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Anthelmintic Activity of Chloroxylon
More informationAcharyya Suman et al. IRJP 2 (1)
INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY ISSN 2230 8407 Available online http://www.irjponline.com Research Article PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF ACACIA SUMA (ROXB)
More informationPhytochemical Screening and Anthelmintic Activity of Flueggea virosa
Muhammad ORGANIC Ajaib AND et al., BIOCHEMISTRY J.Chem.Soc.Pak., Vol. 40, No. 04, 2018 702 Phytochemical Screening and Anthelmintic Activity of Flueggea virosa 1 Muhammad Ajaib*, 2 Samdah Qayyum Wahla,
More informationDetection of Gastrointestinal Helminthic and Protozoan Infections in Diarrhoeic Goats
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 4 (2017) pp. 801-805 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.604.100
More informationSummary of Product Characteristics
Summary of Product Characteristics 1 NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Orafluke 5% w/v Oral Suspension. 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each 1ml of suspension contains: Active Substances
More informationCytotoxic, Anthelmintic and Analgesic Activities of Methanol Extracts from Different Plant Parts of Tabernaemontana Corymbosa (Family: Apocynaceae)
International Journal of Life Science and Engineering Vol. 1, No. 4, 2015, pp. 202-206 http://www.aiscience.org/journal/ijlse Cytotoxic, Anthelmintic and Analgesic Activities of Methanol Extracts from
More informationPharmacologyonline 1: (2009)
ANTHELMINTIC AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF PEELS OF CITRUS SINENSIS A.T. Rajarajan 1, V.G. Vijayasree 2, W. Kenichi* 1, S.Vijaya Kumar 1, G.Narasimman 3 and S. Sadish kumar 4 1 Department of Clinical
More informationIn vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Stem Extracts of Piper betle Linn Against Pheritima Posthuma
P H c o g J. L e t t e r t o t h e e d i t o r In vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Stem Extracts of Piper betle Linn Against Pheritima Posthuma Pallavi S. Adate 1 * Dr. S. Parmesawaran 2, Yamani Chauhan
More informationSIMPLE U.V. SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF OFLOXACIN IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS
Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 8(2), 2010, 983-990 SIMPLE U.V. SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF OFLOXACIN IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS C. SOWMYA *, Y. PADMANABHA REDDY, J. RAVINDRA REDDY, M. SIVA
More informationSPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF MELOXICAM IN BULK AND ITS PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF MELOXICAM IN BULK AND ITS PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS B.DHANDAPANI, S.ESWARA MURALI, N. SUSRUTHA, RAMA SWETHA, S K. SONIA RANI, T. SARATH BABU, G.V. SEETHARAMANJANEYULU,
More informationPhytochemicals and biological testing of Syzygium guineense seeds extract against Ascaris suum and five pathogenic microbes
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN (Print): 2321-3310; ISSN (Online): 2321-3086 Published by Atom and Cell Publishers All Rights Reserved Available online at: http://www.wjpsonline.org/ Original
More informationEthno-veterinary Formulation for Treatment of Bovine Mastitis
Ethno-veterinary Formulation for Treatment of Bovine Mastitis Balakrishnan Nair MN 1*, Punniamurthy N 2, Mekala P 2, Ramakrishnan N 2 and Kumar SK 1 1 TransDisciplinary University, School of Health Sciences,
More informationAntimicrobial Activity of Albizia lebbeck Leaf Extract on some Medically Important Bacteria
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 9 (2015) pp. 473-477 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Antimicrobial Activity of Albizia lebbeck Leaf Extract on some Medically Important Bacteria Z. Sheyin*,
More informationInternational Journal of Advances in Pharmacy and Biotechnology Vol.3, Issue-2, 2017, 1-7 Research Article Open Access.
I J A P B International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy and Biotechnology Vol.3, Issue-2, 2017, 1-7 Research Article Open Access. ISSN: 2454-8375 COMPARISON OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND MIC OF BRANDED
More informationPrevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasite in Goats in Shillong, Meghalaya, India
Article ID: WMC00777 ISSN 2046-1690 Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasite in Goats in Shillong, Meghalaya, India Author(s):Dr. Subhasish Bandyopadhyay, Mrs. Pallabi Devi, Dr. Asit Bera, Dr. Samiran Bandyopadhyay,
More informationAvailable Online through
ISSN: 0975-766X CODEN: IJPTFI Available Online through Research Article www.ijptonline.com SCREENING AND COMPARISON OF IN-VITRO ANTI HELMENTHIC ACTIVITYOF INDIVIDUAL CURCUMINOIDS WITH CHLOROFORM EXTRACT
More informationPhytochemistryical & Anthelmintic Studies on Blumea Lacera
Phytochemistryical & Anthelmintic Studies on Blumea Lacera Aditya M Pattewar *a, A.B. Dawalbaje a, D.M. Gundale a, P.B. Pawar b, P.G. Kavtikwar a, P.P. Yerawar a, T.M. Pandharkar a, V.A. Patawar a a School
More informationSummary of Product Characteristics
Summary of Product Characteristics 1 NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Orafluke 10% w/v Oral Suspension. 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Active Substances per ml Fenbendazole 100 mg Rafoxanide
More informationABOUT US. Veterinary Pharmaceutical Franchisee Outlets ( Siflon Vet Pharma), PTFE components ( Siflon Polymers),
www.siflon.com ABOUT US Founded in 1996 by Mr. R.Ananthaiah, as a small scale PTFE component manufacturing industry, we've gradually diversified into different sectors. Today, our operations span 5 major
More informationQuantification of Albendazole in Dewormer Formulations in the Kenyan market
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Advances in Applied Science Research, 2011, 2 (2): 9-13 Quantification of Albendazole in Dewormer Formulations in the Kenyan market H.N. Wanyika*, P G
More informationEffects of Japanese Bead-tree (Melia azedarach var. subtripinnata) on Gastrointestinal Parasites in Goats
JARQ 45 (1), 117-121 (2011) http://www.jircas.affrc.go.jp Effects of Japanese Bead-tree (Melia azedarach var. subtripinnata) on Gastrointestinal Parasites in Goats Yoshitaka NAKANISHI*, Koji TAKAYAMA and
More informationDeptt of Pharma Science SGRR ITS Patel Nagar, Dehradun (UK)
METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND ITS VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ATORVASTATIN AND AMLODIPINE IN COMBINATION IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM BY UV SPECTROSCOPY, USING MULTI-COMPONENT MODE OF ANALYSIS V. Juyal
More informationSummary of Product Characteristics
Summary of Product Characteristics 1 NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Valbazen 100 mg/ml Total Spectrum Wormer 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each ml contains: Active substance Albendazole
More informationInternational Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences
Research Article Microbiology International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ISSN 0975-6299 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SPICES AGAINST MULTI DRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTION
More informationAnthelmintic activity of seed extracts of Artocarpusheterophyllus
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-issn:2278-3008, p-issn:2319-7676. Volume 11, Issue 5 Ver. III (Sep. - Oct.2016), PP 19-23 www.iosrjournals.org Anthelmintic activity of seed
More informationAfr. J. Trad. CAM (2007) 4 (2):
148 Afr. J. Trad. CAM (2007) 4 (2): 148-156 Research Paper ISSN 0189-6016 2007 Afr. J. Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines www.africanethnomedicines.net ANTHELMINTIC EFFICACY OF NAUCLEA
More informationSERUM BIO-CHEMICAL PROFILES OF CROSS-BRED PIGS DURING DIFFERENT REPRODUCTIVE PHASES
Int. J. Agrl.Sc Sc. & Vet.Med. Med. 2013 2013 K Venkataramana et al., 2013 Research Paper ISSN 2320-3730 www.ijasvm.com Vol. 1, No. 3, August 2013 2013 Meghana Publications. All Rights Reserved SERUM BIO-CHEMICAL
More informationSUMMARY OF PRODUCTS CHARACTERISTICS
SUMMARY OF PRODUCTS CHARACTERISTICS Revised: 15 January 2009 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Tramazole 2.5% w/v SC Oral Suspension 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Active Substance
More informationEvaluation of anthelmintic activity of ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica on phosphatases in Gastrothylax indicus
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-issn: 2278-3008, p-issn:2319-7676. Volume 9, Issue 5 Ver. V (Sep -Oct. 2014), PP 98-104 Evaluation of anthelmintic activity of ethanolic and
More informationCoprological Survey of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Dairy Cattle in Wayanad, Kerala, India
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 2 (2017) pp. 899-903 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.602.100
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INSTITUTIONAL PHARMACY AND LIFE SCIENCES
International Journal of Institutional Pharmacy and Life Sciences 6(1): January-February 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INSTITUTIONAL PHARMACY AND LIFE SCIENCES Life Sciences Research Article!!! Received:
More informationEvaluation of Anthhelmintic Potential of Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Seeds Administered In-Feed and In-Water for West African Dwarf (WAD) Goatss
Evaluation of Anthhelmintic Potential of Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Seeds Administered In-Feed and In-Water for West African Dwarf (WAD) Goatss A. M. W. Effendy 1, N. M. Suparjo 1, S. A. Ameen 2, O. A. Abdullah
More informationSummary of Product Characteristics
Summary of Product Characteristics 1 NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Flukiver 50 mg/ml Solution for Injection 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Active Substance Closantel (as Closantel
More informationEffect of ivermectin, levozan and albendazole on blood picture and phagocytosis in sheep affected with gastrointestinal parasites
Marshallagia marshalli Ostertagia circumcincta 28 /, / /,. ( ) %. Effect of ivermectin, levozan and albendazole on blood picture and phagocytosis in sheep affected with gastrointestinal parasites Abstract
More informationPharmacologyonline 1: (2011) ewsletter Pattanayak et al.
A TIMICROBIAL A D A THELMI TIC POTE TIAL OF GLI US OPPOSITIFOLIUS (LI ) FAMILY: MOLLUGI ACEAE. Suman Pattanayak 1*, Siva Shankar ayak 2, Subas Chandra Dinda 3, Durgaprasad Panda 2, Deepak M Kolhe 1. 1Departent
More informationTHE VETERINARIAN'S CHOICE. Compendium clinical Trials. Introducing new MILPRO. from Virbac. Go pro. Go MILPRO..
THE VETERINARIAN'S CHOICE. Introducing new MILPRO from Virbac. Compendium clinical Trials Go pro. Go MILPRO.. milbemycin/praziquantel Content INTRODUCTION 05 I. EFFICACY STUDIES IN CATS 06 I.I. Efficacy
More informationInternational Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 7, No 2, 2018,
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 7, No 2, 2018, 577 583 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) SLAUGHTER AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BELTSVILLE SMALL WHITE AND BROAD BREASTED
More informationEstimation of Milk Losses due to Fasciolosis in Uttarakhand
Agricultural Economics Research Review Vol. 27 (No.2) July-December 2014 pp 281-288 DOI: 10.5958/0974-0279.2014.00031.7 Estimation of Milk Losses due to Fasciolosis in Uttarakhand D. Bardhan* a, Rajeev
More informationSUST Journal of Science and Technology
SUST Journal of Science and Technology (2012) 13(2):59-67 SUST Journal of Science and Technology Journal homepage: http://jst.sustech.edu/ In vitro Adulticidal Efficacy of Albendazole, Capparis decidua
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & LIFE SCIENCES
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & LIFE SCIENCES Evaluation of In Vitro anthelmintic activity of Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) extract Sikandar Khan Sherwani 1*, Muhammad Mumtaz Khan 2, Muhammad Uzair
More informationPHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTHELMINTIC EVALUATION OF LANTANA CAMARA (L.) VAR. ACULEATE LEAVES AGAINST PHERETIMA POSTHUMA. Abstract:
Research Article ISSN: 2230-7346 Available online http://www.jgtps.com Journal of Global Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2, Issue 1, pp -11-20, January March 2011 PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTHELMINTIC EVALUATION
More information'ALBENDAZOLE' IN INTESTINAL HELMINTHIASIS
'ALBENDAZOLE' IN INTESTINAL HELMINTHIASIS Pages with reference to book, From 114 To 117 Ashfaq Ahmad, Amina Zohra, Nighat Yasmin ( Department of Paediatrics and Department of Pathology, Khyber Medical
More informationTherapeutic efficacy of a mixture of ivermectin and closantel against gastrointestinal parasites in draft horses
( - ) ( ) % 88.0 19 %15.75 Oxyuris equi % 1.58 Strongylus spp..% 42.10 / 0.05.% 10.52 Parascaris equorum Parascaris equorum % 100 14 Strongylus spp. % 99.42 Oxyuris equi.gastrophilus nasalis Therapeutic
More informationSeasonal Changes Effecting thegrowth Performance of Emu Birds Reared under Intensive Farming System
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 06 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.706.211
More informationPREVALENCE OF GASTRO-INTESTINAL PARASITES IN PIGS (SUS SCROFA) OF MUMBAI REGION
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 5, No 2, 2016, 822 826 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) PREVALENCE OF GASTRO-INTESTINAL PARASITES IN PIGS (SUS SCROFA) OF MUMBAI REGION
More informationInternational Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 5, No 6, 2016,
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 5, No 6, 2016, 4370 4374 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) Clinical article OTITIS EXTERNA ASSOCIATED WITH SCABIES AND ITS ZOONOTIC IMPORTANCE
More informationANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MIKANIA SCANDENS (L.) WILLD. AGAINST MULTIDRUG RESISTANT BACTERIAL PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES
Volume-8, Issue-4, Oct-Dec-2017 Coden IJABFP-CAS-USA Copyrights@2017 Received: 14 th July 2017 Revised: 27 th Aug- 2017 Accepted: 30 th Aug-2017 DOI: 10.21276/Ijabpt, http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijabpt
More informationDEWORMING PROCESS KRISHIMATE AGRO AND DAIRY PVT LTD NO.1176, 1ST CROSS, 12TH B MAIN, H A L 2ND STAGE, INDIRANAGAR BANGALORE , INDIA
DEWORMING PROCESS KRISHIMATE AGRO AND DAIRY PVT LTD NO.1176, 1ST CROSS, 12TH B MAIN, H A L 2ND STAGE, INDIRANAGAR BANGALORE-560008, INDIA Email: sales@srisaiagro.com Www.srisaiagro.com INSTRODUCTION According
More informationMANAGEMENT OF SEVERE HEPATIC COCCIDIOSIS IN DOMESTIC RABBITS
MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE HEPATIC COCCIDIOSIS IN DOMESTIC RABBITS B. Bibin Becha* and S.S. Devi Avian Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Manjadi, P.O., Thiruvalla, Kerala 689 105 Received : 28.11.2013 Accepted
More informationFor the treatment of mixed parasitic infections in cats caused by roundworms and tapeworms of the following species:
Printed from (http://www.noahcompendium.co.uk). (c) Copyright 2018. All Rights Reserved. Date: Wednesday, October 24, 2018 11:47 Bayer plc Telephone:0118 206 3000 Website:www.bayer.co.uk Email:animal.health@bayer.com
More informationEvaluation of Anthelmintic Efficacy of Nicotiana tabacum against Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Goats
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 10 (2017) pp. 780-789 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.094
More informationEFFECT OF THE FED SHATAVARI ( ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS) ON BODY WEIGHT AND PUBERTY OF SAHIWAL HEIFERS
Int. J. Agric.Sc & Vet.Med. 2014 Mahendra Singh et al., 2014 Research Paper ISSN 2320-3730 www.ijasvm.com Vol. 2, No. 1, February 2014 2014 www.ijasvm.com. All Rights Reserved EFFECT OF THE FED SHATAVARI
More informationInfluence of Curcumin on the Synthetic Drug Amoxicillin
DOI: 10.17311/sciintl.2015.64.68 Influence of Curcumin on the Synthetic Drug Amoxicillin Ramesh Yadav, Ginpreet Kaur and Meena Chintamaneni Department of Pharmacology, SPP School of Pharmacy and Technology
More informationSUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS Revised: December 2011 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Dectomax 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection for Pigs (UK) Zearl 10 mg/ml Solution for Injection for Pigs
More informationIntestinal parasitic infections are a serious
Paediatrica Indonesiana VOLUME 54 March NUMBER 2 Original Article Albendazole alone vs. albendazole and diethylcarbamazine combination therapy for trichuriasis Windya Sari Nasution, Muhammad Ali, Ayodhia
More informationGROWTH PERFORMANCE OF EMU CHICKS REARED UNDER INTENSIVE FARMING CONDITIONS *G. Suganya 1, V. Leela 2, A. Paramasivam 3 and P. Richard Jagatheesan 4
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 6, No 6, 2017, 3367 3371 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF EMU CHICKS REARED UNDER INTENSIVE FARMING CONDITIONS *G.
More informationSpectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Amlodipine Besylate in Pharmaceutical Formulation
Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Amlodipine Besylate in Pharmaceutical Formulation Naresh Kalra*, Suresh Choudhary Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Alwar Pharmacy College,
More informationSummary of Product Characteristics
Summary of Product Characteristics 1 NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Flukiver 5% w/v Oral Suspension 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Active Substance Closantel (as Clostanel sodium)
More informationSUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT Rycarfa 100 mg tablets for dogs (BE, DE, ES, FR, IE, IT, NL, PT, UK) Rycarfa vet 100 mg tablets for dogs (DK, FI) Carprox
More informationDrug Utilization Evalauation of Antibiotics in Dh Uttarakashi
IOSR Journal Of Pharmacywww.iosrphr.org (e)-issn: 2250-3013, (p)-issn: 2319-4219 Volume 7, Issue 9 Version. II (September 2017), PP. 01-05 Drug Utilization Evalauation of Antibiotics in Dh Uttarakashi
More informationArchives 2014 vol
December 3, 214 Archives 214 vol.3 26-31 INVESTIGATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENTS, ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTHELMINTIC POTENTIALS OF CRUDE METHANOLIC EXTRACT, SUBSEQUENT FRACTIONS AND CRUDE SAPONINS
More information6.0 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CAROTENOID FROM HALOMONAS SPECIES AGAINST CHOSEN HUMAN BACTERIAL PATHOGENS
6.0 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CAROTENOID FROM HALOMONAS SPECIES AGAINST CHOSEN HUMAN BACTERIAL PATHOGENS 6.1 INTRODUCTION Microorganisms that cause infectious disease are called pathogenic microbes. Although
More informationList of Figures. Fig-1. Study Area. Fig-2. Vegetation types. Fig-3. Major Tribes of Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh. Fig-4. General features of Tribes
List of Figures Fig-1. Study Area a. India b. Andhra Pradesh c. Forests of Eastern Ghats Fig-2. Vegetation types a. Tropical moist deciduous forest at Minumuluru (VSKP) b. Tropical moist deciduous forest
More informationBIODATA. Department of Zoology, Institute of Basic Science, Science Block, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (UP)
BIODATA Name: Husband s Name: Dr. Sapna Rani Mr. Ramesh Kumar Date of Birth: June 16, 1978 Nationality: Sex/Marital Status: E-mail Address: Mailing Address: Indian Female/Married sapna.bu@gmail.com Department
More informationEfficacies of fenbendazole and albendazole in the treatment of commercial turkeys artificially infected with Ascaridia dissimilis
Efficacies of fenbendazole and albendazole in the treatment of commercial turkeys artificially infected with Ascaridia dissimilis Jessica Perkins, Thomas Yazwinski, Chris Tucker Abstract The goal of this
More informationINTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL AND VETERINARY SCIENCE CURRICULUM. Unit 1: Animals in Society/Global Perspective
Chariho Regional School District - Science Curriculum September, 2016 INTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL AND VETERINARY SCIENCE CURRICULUM Unit 1: Animals in Society/Global Perspective Students will gain an understanding
More informationTHE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CAPRINE FASCIOLIASIS IN JAMMU (J&K) INDIA
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CAPRINE FASCIOLIASIS IN JAMMU (J&K) INDIA *Muzaffar Rasool Mir 1, M. Z. Chishti 1, Majidah Rashid 1, S. A. Dar 1, Rajash Katoch 2, Mudasir Mehraj 1, M. A. Dar 1 and Ruqaya Rasool 3
More informationAGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK and FISHERIES
Research in ISSN : P-2409-0603, E-2409-9325 AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK and FISHERIES An Open Access Peer Reviewed Journal Open Access Research Article Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 3, No. 1, April 2016: 145-149
More informationInternational Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 6, No 2, 2017,
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 6, No 2, 2017, 1100 1104 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) 2277-663X (P) COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF CHICKEN UNDER BACKYARD SYSTEM
More informationReceived: Accepted: Access this article online Website: Quick Response Code:
Indian Journal of Drugs, 2016, 4(3), 69-74 ISSN: 2348-1684 STUDY ON UTILIZATION PATTERN OF ANTIBIOTICS AT A PRIVATE CORPORATE HOSPITAL B. Chitra Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Sri
More informationChapter 8 Antimicrobial Activity of Callus Extracts of Justicia adhatoda L. in Comparison with Vasicine
Chapter 8 Antimicrobial Activity of Callus Extracts of Justicia adhatoda L. in Comparison with Vasicine 8.1. ABSTRACT The present work ascertain the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of callus
More information