SERUM BIO-CHEMICAL PROFILES OF CROSS-BRED PIGS DURING DIFFERENT REPRODUCTIVE PHASES

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2 Int. J. Agrl.Sc Sc. & Vet.Med. Med K Venkataramana et al., 2013 Research Paper ISSN Vol. 1, No. 3, August Meghana Publications. All Rights Reserved SERUM BIO-CHEMICAL PROFILES OF CROSS-BRED PIGS DURING DIFFERENT REPRODUCTIVE PHASES K Venkataramana 1*, K.Venugopal Naidu 2, N.Rajanna 3 and K Supriya 4 *Corresponding Author: K Venkataramana, id. kvr_vetgyn@yahoo.in A study was carried out to assess and compare selected biochemical parameters in blood plasma of 18 crossbred sows (Large white Yorkshire x Indigenous) during different phases of reproduction. There was significantly (P < 0.01) decreased level of total glucose was found in anoestrus pigs than in cyclic pigs, i.e., , and mg% during midoestrus, luteal and in anoestrus phases, respectively. The mean serum total proteins in crossbred pigs were observed to be , and g% during mid-oestrusm luteal and anoestrum phases respectively and the differences were non significant (P < 0.01).However a significant (P < 0.01) lower levels of total lipids and total cholesterols were recorded during anoestrus than during mid-oestrus and oestrus phases, respectively. Keywords: Biochemical parameters, Crossbred pigs, Reproductive phases INTRODUCTION Pig is a polyovular farm animal and its prolificacy differs in different breeds. The female pig has an estrous cycle of days with a short follicular phase of only 3 days and a long luteal phase. Biochemical changes taking place during different stages of life have been attributed to the changes in the activities of certain enzymes and biochemical constituents which have clinical importance in assessment of their growth, health, nutritional status, diagnosis and prognosis of metabolic disorders (Prasad and Kumar, 2002). The physiological status of any domestic animal is mainly determined by normal levels of certain Bio-chemicals in the blood (Govinda Rao, 1990) and quantitative measurements of blood components (Egan, 1974). The present work is aimed to understand the significance at a 1 Associate Professor, Department of Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswra Veterinary University, Gannavaram, Krishna District, AP, India. 2 Professor & Controller of Examinations, YSR Bhavan, Sri Venkateswra Veterinary University, Tirupati, Chitoor, AP, India. 3 Department of Livestock Production management, College of veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswra Veterinary University, Korutla, Karimnagar, AP, India. 4 Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics & Mathematics, College of Agriculture, ANGRAU, Hyderabad, AP, India. 127

3 Int. J. Agrl. Sc. & Vet. Med K Venkataramana et al., 2013 particular stage of reproduction. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare selected biochemical parameters in blood plasma of sows. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was conducted on 18 cross bred (Large white Yorkshire x Indigenous) sows maintained at the AICRP on pig College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati. Blood samples were collected from 18 animals from ear vein puncture in sterilized glass tube during true anoestrum, mid-oestrus and luteal phase (day 15) and serum was separated and used for the study of total glucose, total proteins, total lipids and total cholesterol by utilizing the reagent kits, supplied by M/s.Span diagnostics, Bombay. The date was analyzed as per the methods of Snedecor and Conchran (1967). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The variation in the level of bio-chemical constituents during different phases of reproduction in crossbred pigs are presented in Table 1. Total Glucose In the present investigation the mean serum total glucose levels in the cross-bred pigs were observed to be significantly (P < 0.01) at the lowest level during anoestrum and a significant increase was noticed during luteal phase. A non significant increase was noticed during oestrus phase (Table 1). The findings noticed in the study are in agreement with the reports of Singh and Dutt (1994) in ewes. The serum glucose levels during anoestrum might be due to the lack of influences of sex hormones. The finding is in agreement with that of Shaahi Kumar and Munilala Dubey (1984). Total Proteins A non significant (P < 0.01) difference in the mean serum total protein levels of cross-bred pigs was observed during anoestrus, mid-oestrus and luteal phases. However an ascending increase in the protein level was noticed from anoestrus reaching higher levels during mid-oestrus phase (Table 1). The findings in thesis study are in comparison with the findings of Naidu and Rao Table 1: Serum Bio-chemical Profiles of Crossbred Sows Leteal Phase Anoestrus Total glucose (mg %) ab b a Total Proteins (g %) Total lipids (mg %) b b a Total cholesterol (mg %) b ab a Means bearing at least one common superscript do not differ significantly (P< 0.01). ANOVA Table Mean sum of squares df Total Glucose Total Proteins Total Lipids Total Cholesterol Due to Reproductive 2 Condition NS ** ** Due to error Note: ** Highly significant (P < 0.01); NS Not Significant. 128

4 Int. J. Agrl. Sc. & Vet. Med K Venkataramana et al., 2013 (1982) Chetty and Rao (1986). The elevated levels of serum total proteins during oestrus phase was interpreted due to the direct stimulatory effect of oestrogens on the liver which is the main source of all pleasure proteins except immunoglobulins Terézia filipejová (2009). Total Lipids The mean serum total lipids levels were observed to be at the lowest during anoestrum wid-oestrum and luteal phase. However a significant (P < 0.01) difference was noticed between anoestrums and other two phases (Table 1). The fluctuation in the serum total lipids levels might be due to effect of steroid hormones. Total Cholesterol The mean serum total cholesterol levels was observed to be significantly (P < 0.01) at the lowest level during anoestrum when compared to the levels noticed during mid-estrus. However a nonsignificant elevation in the serum cholesterol levels was observed during luteal phase when compared to anoestrum (Table 1). The results in this study are also comparable with the reports of Singh and Dutt (1974) and Vijaya Singh et al. (1994) in ewes and goats, respectively. Estimation of the cholesterol may serve as a useful advent in the diagnosis of oestrus in the pigs especially in the animals who exhibit less intense heat symptoms (Deshpande and Pathak, 2010). CONCLUSION From the results of present study, the biochemical parameters were lower during anoestous period compared to different phases of oestrus cycle. REFERENCES 1. Chetty A V and Rao A R (1986), Levels of blood constituents in anoestrus condition, Livestock Advisor, Vol. 11, No. 6, pp Deshpande S B and Pathak M M (2010), Hormonal and biochemical profiles in follicular fluid of unovulated follicles in superovulated goats ovaries. Veterinary World, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp Egan Da (1974), Irish Vet.Journals, Vol. 25, p Filipejová T Kolesárová A Capcarová M Kováèik J and Massányi (2009), Selected biochemical parameters in blood plasma of sexually immature and mature gilts, Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica Mimoriadne, pp Govinda Rao (1990), Physiological status of indigenous livestock its contribution towards rural economy and prospects with respect to southern Zone, Paper presented at national symposium and sixth annual conference at SAPI Guwahati Oct. 6. Naidu K V and Rao A R (1982), A study on the etiology of anoestrus in cross-bred cows, Indian Veterinary Journal, Vol. 589, pp Prasad P E and Kumar G D (2002), Serum enzyme profile and biochemical constituents of blood in cross-bred pigs during growth, Indian Veterinary Journal, Vol. 79, No. 11, pp Shashi Kumar S K and Munilal Bubay (1984), The carbohydrate concentration in uterine secretions of buffaloes during certain phases of reproduction, The Indian journal of animal reproduction, Vol. 5-2, pp Singh and Dutt (1974), Comparative biochemistry of ewe serum during oestrus 129

5 Int. J. Agrl. Sc. & Vet. Med K Venkataramana et al., 2013 and Dioestus, Journal of Reproduction & fertility, Vol. 41, pp Snedecor W G and Cochran W G (1967), Statistical Methods, 6 th Edition, IOWA State University Press, Amess IOWA, USA. 11. Vijaya Singh Bugalia N S and Pradeep Kumar (1994), Bio-chemical variations in plasma total protein, cholesterol and minerals during oestrous cycle in goats, Indian Veterinary Journal, Vol. 71, pp

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