"A review of chemotherapy of paramphistomosis of domestic ruminants in Europe".
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1 A review of chemotherapy of paramphistomosis of domestic ruminants in Europe Dr. Ottó SEY Department of Zoology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Keszthely, Hungary "A review of chemotherapy of paramphistomosis of domestic ruminants in Europe". Sey, O. Parasit, hung., 22_: ABSTRACT. Paramphistomosis is a disease caused by infection with rumen flukes. Of the species present In Europe, Calicophoron daubneyi, C. mlcrobot hrtum, Paramphistomum cervi and P. ichikawai might be Incriminated as causative agents. Anthelmintics that have been used against rumen flukes of domestic ruminants are reviewed and further details are given on the most effective drugs. domestic ruminants, chemo KEY WORDS: Paramphistomosis, European therapy During the last 30 years there have been many studies on various aspects of Infection with amphistomes in Europe. The vast amount of data in the literature was taxonomically reviewed by SEY (1980), and it was demonstrated that the species of amphi stomes existing In Europe are Calicophoron daubneyi, C. microbothrlum, C. mtcrobothrioides, Paramphistomum cervi, P. gotoi, P. ichikawai and Gastrothylax crumenifer. Of the species listed C. daubneyi, C. microbothrlum, Paramphistomum cervi, P. ichikawai are the most common and widely distributed species, depending on the presence of the susceptible intermediate snail host(s) and their abundance on the pasture. One or another of these species might be incriminated as the causative agent of paramphistomosis. The papers embracing the topic of paramphistomosis in Europe are different In nature, they are either case reports or descriptions of subclinical or clinical paramphistomosis. Outbreaks of acute paramphistomosis were reported by BORAY (1959) In Hungary, CVET KOVIC (1968) and VUJIC et al. (1971) in Yugoslavia, DE INA et al. (1962) and MORETTINI et al. (1984) in Italy, ORLOVA (1953), DEUSOV (1955), TSVETAEVA (1959), MEREMTN SKn and GLUZMAN (1967) and ZHARIKOV et al. (1958) In the USSR, VARTTC et al. (1982) In Romania, VISNYAKOV and IVANOV (1963) and GEORGIEV and GRUEV (1977) in Bulgaria, GUILHON and PRIOUZEAU (1945) in France and ANCZYKOWSKY and CHOWANIEC (1955) in Poland. Field observations show, however, that the disease is more frequent and is often not diagnosed, thus the losses associated with paramphistomosis are underestimated.
2 Efficacy of anthelmintics against paramphistomosis In cattle Efficacy Chemical Dosage mg/kg Small intestine Rumen References Terenol 65 _ 90 Kobulej and Udvarhelyi Chroust Wikerhauser et al.1975 Bithionol Nikitin et al. 197? Fedorchenko Mereminskii et al Petkov et al Ibrovic and Levi 1975 Oxyclozanid Georgiev and Gruev Febantel Corba 1981 Bithionolsulfoxide Petkov et al Methyridine Visnyakov and Ivanov Panacur Corba et al Zanil 0.3 ml + + Románjuk 1971 In sheep Efficacy Vermi tan Sey and Kassai 1984 Bithionol Cvetkovic 1968 Niclosamid Sey and Kassai 1984 Niclofolan Sey and Kassai 1984 Panacur Lepoev et al Oxyclozanlde Georgiev and Gruev 1977 Bithionolsulfoxide Petkov et al Hexachloroparaxylene Trifonov 1983 Hexachlorofene 20 4 Cvetkovic 1968 Yomesan (Niclosamid) 50 + Cvetkovic 1968 In goat Efficacy Terenol Lämmler et al medium, no data supplied 4 + high efficacy, no data
3 Several already known or recently developed anthelmintics have been used against paramphistomosis of cattle, sheep and goat. They are listed in Table 1 and further details are given on the five most effective drugs. Terenol has been tested by several authors against ruminal (KOBULEJ and UDVARHELYI 1972, WIKERHAUSER et al. 1975, CHROUST1973) and intestinal (VUJlC et al. 1971) paramphistomosis or both LÄMMLER et al. (1969). It seems to be highly effective (IE: 84.4 to 100% in cattle and goat) against both juvenile and adult flukes when applied at a dose of 65 mg/kg in cattle and sheep. Vermitan was used by SEY and KASSAI (1984) against artificial subclinical Intestinal paramphistomosis. At the dose rate of 20 mg/kg it proved to be highly effective in sheep (IE: 99.2 to 99.5%). Bithionol has been tested by several authors for efficacy against naturally induced subclinical (FEDORTSENKO 1966, MEREMINSKIT et al ín cattle) and clinical paramphistomosis (IBROVIC and LEVI 1975, ZHARIKOV et al In cattle). A 70 mg/kg dose of bithionol applied alone or combined with fenbendazole (100 mg/kg) resulted in a significant percentage reduction of adults (IE: 97.2 to 99.6%), and a rapid recovery from acute paramphistomosis was observed in cattle and sheep (CVETKOVIC 1968). Febantel was applied by CORBA (1981) against ruminai and intestinal paramphistomosis in cattle. At a dose of 100 mg/kg it had more than 90 % efficacy (93.9% against juvenile and 94.9% against adult paramphistomes). Clinical symptoms disappeared in 7 to 10 days after treatment. Oxyclozanide has been used to assess its efficacy against subclinical (GEORGIEV and GRU EV 1977; ROMÁNJUK 1971) and clinical (MORETTI et al. 1984) paramphistomosis. The curative dose was to 105 ml/kg in sheep and 135 ml/kg In cattle. Reduction of the worm burden was not satisfactory (IE: 89.1% in sheep and 74.8% in cattle). A szerző felsorolja azokat a bendőmételyeket, amelyek az európai kéró'dzó'k páram fi sztomozisának valószínű okozói. Bemutatja a bántalom ellen alkalmarható, leginkább hatásos anthebnintikumokat és azok hatékonyságát. REFERENCES ANCZYKOWSKI, F. and CHOWANIEC, W. (1955): Massive infestation of cattle with Paramphistomum cervi. Med. Wet., 11: BORAY, J.C. (1959): Studies on intestinal amphlstomosis in cattle. Austr. Vet. J., 3j>: CHROUST, K. (1973): Efficiency of the anthelmintic Terenol (ResoranteD against the fluke Paramphistomum (Liorchis) scotiae in cattle and against the tapeworm Moniezia spp. in lambs. Acta vet. Brno, 42:
4 CORBA, J. (1981): Efficacy of Febantel (Rintal) against some important helminthiases of sheep and cattle. Vet. Med. Rev., 1_: CORBA, J., STOFFA, P., LEGÉNY, J KRUPICER, J. and LIETAVA, P. (1981): Efficacy of febendole (Panacur^ on the most important trematodes and cestodes in ruminants (in Slovak). Veterinarstvi, 31_: CVETKOVIC, L. (1968): Acute (intestinal) paramphistomosis in sheep (in SerboCroatian\ Veter. Glasnik, 22: DE INA, S., LEI, G.M. and ARRU, E. (1962): Communication of a first catarrhal enteritis in Europe, caused by Paramphistomum cervi (in Italian). Vet. Irai., 13: DEUSOV, N.L. (1955): Paramphistomosis of calves (in Russian). Veterinariya, 4: FEDORCHENKO, N.G. (1966): Bithionol an effective anthelmintic against paramohistomosls (in Russian). Veterinariya, 43: GEORGIEV, B. and GRUEV, A. (1977): Effectiveness of oxyclonazlde against paramphistomosis in cows and sheep. Abstract Vol. Third Nat. Conf. Parasit., Albena, Bulgaria, pp GUILHON, J. and PRIOUZEAU, M. (1945): La paramphistomose bovine en France. Ree. Med. Vet., 121: IBROVIC, M. and LEVI, I. (1975): Paramphistomiasis in cattle. Clinical picture and treatment (in SerboCroatian). Veterinaria, Sarajevo, 2j>: KOBULEJ, T. and UDVARHELYI, J. (1972): Efficacy of Terenol In the treatment of cattle with natural ruminal paramphistome infections. Acta vet. hung., 22: LEPOJEV, O., CVETKOVIC, Lj., TOMANOVIC, B. and GRUS, I. (1982): Examination of action of high doses of the preparation Panacure on trematodes of the bile duct and digestive tract in naturally infected sheep. Vet. Glasnik, 36: LÄMMLER, G., SAHAI, B.N. and HERZOG, H. (1969): Anthelmintic efficacy of 2, 6 dihydroxybenzolc acid4' Bromanilide (HOE 296 V) against mature and immature Paramphistomum microbothrlum in goats. Acta vet. hung., 1_9: MEREMINSKII, A,I. and GLUZMAN, I.Y. (1967): Prophylaxis of paramphistomosis in calves (in Russian). Veterinariya, 11: MEREMINSKII, A.I., GLUZMAN, I.Y. and ARTEMENKO, Y.G. (1968): Paramphistomosis in cattle in the Polese area (in Russian). Veterinariya, 45: MORETTINI, B AMBROSI, M., RANUCCI, S., FRUGANn, G. and S TE SE I, B. (1984): Field trial of combination of oxyclozanlde and levamlsole against Paramphistomum infection of cattle (in Italian). Soc. Ital. Buiatria, 15: NIKITIN, V.F., PROSHIN, Y.G., SOLONIMKIN, V.G., AGAFONOV, M.I., ASMOLOV.T.A. and MESHCHERYAKOV, A.V. (1972): Bithionol and sulphane trials on cattle with acute paramphistomid infections (in Russian). Bui. Vses. Inst. GELAN, 8_: ORLOVA, K.V. (1953): Epizootiology of paramphistomosis in calves (in Russian). Veterinariya, 4: PETKOV, A., BANKOV, D RUSEV, I. and TOMOV, P. (1986): Bithionol sulphoxide against mixed infections in ruminants (in Bulgarian). Veterlnarna Sbirka, 84: ROMÁNJUK, K. (1971): An attempt of employing of Zanil ICI to the treatment of chronic paramphistomatosis in cattle (in Polish). Med. Wet., 4:
5 SEY, O. (1980): Revision of the amphistomes of European ruminants. Parasit, hung., 13: SEY, O. and KASSAI, T. (1984): Examination of some anthelmintics against intestinal paramphistomosis in sheep (in Hungarian). Rep. Hung. Acad. Sei. and Minlstr. Food and AgricBudapest, 12. TRIFONOV, T. (1983): Hexachloroparaxylene, a potentially valuable anthelmintic against sheep trematodes (in Bulgarian). Veter. Sblrka, 81_: TSVETAEVA, N.P. (1959): Histology of paramphistomiasis in calves (in Russian). Helminthologia, 14: VARTIC, N., ZAGREANU, C., TRICA, Z. and SUTEU, E. (1982): Epizootiological, pathological, clinical and therapeutic studies of paramphistomiasis in cattle and sheep (in Romanian). In Sem. amel. teknol. patol. rumeng. ClujNapoca, 7: VISNYAKOV, Y. and IVANOV, V. (1963): Paramphistomiasis of the rumen and the reticulum of cattle (in Bulgarian). Bull. Centr. Helminth. Lab., 8: VUJIC, B., PETROVIC, K., PALIC, D. and PERIC, Z. (1971): A case of acute paramphistomiasis in cattle (in SerboCroatian). Veter. Glasnik, 4: WIKERHAUSER, T., BRGLEZ, J. and KUTICIC, V. (1975): Terenol against paramphistomes in cattle (in SerboCroatian). Acta Parasit. lug., 6: ZHARIKOV, I.S., LTPNITSKII, S.S., ORLOVSKII, V.l., BASHIROV, R.G., PROSTAKOV, V.l. and BIRUK, M.P. (1985): Efficacy of the treatment of heifers with acute paramphistomid infections alone or associated with dictyocauliasis fin Russian). Vet. Nauka Proizv., 23: Received: 28 November, Dr. SEY O. Department of Zoology University of Agricultural Sciences Deák Ferenc u. 16. H8361 Keszthely HUNGARY
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