Performance Analysis of various Modulation Schemes on Inter Satellite Communication Link

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SS (): 50 005 Volum, 08 ssu, January 08 nrnaional Journal o Compuaional Enginring Rsarh (JCER) rorman nalysis o various Moulaion Shms on nr Salli Communiaion Lin Vinla Kanaparhi, Mahu Ramaraula

1 SS (): Volum, 08 ssu, January 08 nrnaional Journal o Compuaional Enginring Rsarh (JCER) rorman nalysis o various Moulaion Shms on nr Salli Communiaion Lin Vinla Kanaparhi, Mahu Ramaraula Dparmn o Elronis an Communiaion Enginring Univrsiy Collg o Enginring Kainaa Jawaharlal hru Thnologial Univrsiy Kainaa Kainaa - 500, nia Corrsponing uhor: Vinla Kanaparhi, BSTRCT Global spa agnis uss salli programm o ovr wi variy o aras an ars o h ns o various appliaions suh as ommuniaion, navigaion, arh obsrvaion. n h appliaion o arh obsrvaion, sallis ar pla in Low Earh Orbi(LEO) in orr o gahr high rsoluion aa abou h arh. Bu h visibiliy im o LEO sallis is in h orr o minus whih ar no suiin o ransmi high rsoluion aa rom LEO salli o groun saion annnas. s Gosaionary Earh Orbi(GEO) salli has high visibiliy im, hror h inr salli ommuniaion lin is nssary bwn LEO an GEO sallis so ha high rsoluion aa gahr by LEO salli is ransrr o GEO salli whih in urn ransmi o h groun saions ivly. n his papr, h prorman hararisis o h inr salli ommuniaion lin wih hr moulaion shms suh as SK, 8-SK an 6-M along wih Salh, Ghorbhani an Rapp ampliir mols ar srib hrough Error vor magniu(evm) as a masuring paramr. Dopplr E u o rlaiv moion bwn LEO an GEO sallis is obsrv in h ommuniaion mium. is obsrv ha, h 6-M shm provis a br EVM as ompar o ohr moulaion shms or a givn ampliir mol. Kywors: nr salli ommuniaion lin, Error Vor Magniu, GEO, SK, 8-SK, 6- M, Dopplr Da o Submission: 8--0 Da o apan: TRODUCTO Th salli programm o various spa agnis ar mainly organiz as rmo sng, ommuniaion, navigaion an ii missions. Dsirs ar xpaning rom lin group or nw sor o aminisraions li salli onnions or wb assibiliy on aroplans, aa lins or UV opraions. Ths appliaions rquir largr amoun o aa o b ransmi in a bri imram an inrqunly vn in gnuin im. High rquny is n as i rquirs grar banwih or ransmiing larg amoun o aa wih high aa ra []. ll h abov sysms mploying highr aa ras onsum high DC powr availabl in h salli. Th salli powr is gnra hrough solar panls an xss rquir powr is rawn rom h bary.bas on h high in whih w pla h sallis, hs ar o hr yps. LEO salli is a a high o 00 o 00 m ravl wih a high vloiy o 8m/s wih orbial im o 90 minus. s hs ar narr o h arh hs ar us or monioring h arh wih high rsoluion. mium arh irl (MEO) salli is unii wih a irl insi h rang rom a oupl o hunr mils o a oupl o housan mils ovr h worls sura wih an orbial im o o hours. Global posiioning sysm uss h mium arh orbis. GEO salli is an arh-irling salli; s a a high o roughly 5,800 ilomrs (,00 mils) spiially inish h quaor, whih spins an iniguishabl way rom h arh pivos wih an orbial im o hours. This is mosly us or ommuniaion purpos. Moulaion is us o arry h inormaion signal o long isans by ug anohr signal all arrir signal. Mosly us moulaions in salli ommuniaion ar uaraur has Shi Kying (SK), 8-has Shi Kying (8-SK), 6-uaraur mpliu Moulaion (6-M). Ths ar us or arrying mor inormaion in lss banwih so ha w ar abl o ransmi high rsoluion aa wih in lss im[].n his papr, h s o irn moulaion shms along wih irn ampliir mols ar obsrv in h ransmir sion o LEO-GEO inr salli ommuniaion lin hrough onsllaion iagrams an masur h prorman in rms o EVM Opn ss Journal ag

rorman nalysis o various Moulaion Shms on nr Salli Communiaion Lin. valu. Channl impairmns li Dopplr E ar obsrv by varying h Dopplr rquny valus an in ah as EVM valus ar no.

This inr salli ommuniaion lin is us in h ralizaion o aa ransmission sysms o inr salli lin li Traing an Daa Rlay Sysms (TDRSS) ma by S, KODM ma by Japan an Europan aa rlay salli sysms (EDRSS)[].

2 rorman nalysis o various Moulaion Shms on nr Salli Communiaion Lin. valu. Channl impairmns li Dopplr E ar obsrv by varying h Dopplr rquny valus an in ah as EVM valus ar no. n rivr sion, hrmal nois, mismahing in an hannls ar obsrv on h lin prorman. This inr salli ommuniaion lin is us in h ralizaion o aa ransmission sysms o inr salli lin li Traing an Daa Rlay Sysms (TDRSS) ma by S, KODM ma by Japan an Europan aa rlay salli sysms (EDRSS)[].. TER STELLTE COMMUCTO Th rmo sng sallis ar low arh orbiing sallis whih ransmi aa o groun saions uring h visibiliy im. Th visibiliy ims ar usually o h orrs o 5-0 minus. Th groun saions hav o ra an aquir h aa rom rmo sng sallis. Wih h limiaion on visibiliy ims on groun saion annnas or goo RF lins, h limiaion on amoun o aa an aa ras ariss or LEO sallis in h urrnly us bans[].baus o h oming o highr rminaion sallis, h inormaion an inormaion ras ar liwis high[5]. On h o han ha vas rminaion inormaion is o b ransmi wih oninmns on privabiliy ims, siz o insall mmory moul an groun saion ollowing an availabiliy, h n o nomb salli orrsponn onn bwn LEO-GEO salli mrgs an subsqunly h rquirmn or highr rurrn groups o hlp highr inormaion ras. Th blo iagram rprsning h inr salli ommuniaion lin is as shown in blow Figur. Figur.Blo iagram o inr salli ommuniaion lin.. Ranom gnraor blo gnras h aa whih is nohing bu high rsoluion aa gahr rom h arh by LEO salli... Moulaion Thniqus Th prorman o hr moulaion hniqus suh as SK, 8-SK, 6-M on inr salli ommuniaion lin ar obsrv....sk is a igial moulaion hniqu in whih w onsir wo bis as a symbol an assigning a on o h our phass o a pariular symbol[6] [8]. Th SK moula signal is givn by E os s Y n () T whr, E Symbol nrgy, T Symbol prio, Carrir rquny an n =,,,. s...8-sk n whih w a hr bis a a im an moulaing by spara by a π/8. 8-SK moula signal[] assigning on o h igh phass wih ah phas Opn ss Journal ag

3 rorman nalysis o various Moulaion Shms on nr Salli Communiaion Lin. Y E s () T 8 os n...6-m is a moulaion hniqu in whih h inormaion sor in h orm o boh ampliu an phas o a arrir signal so ha inrass h rivr snsiiviy in h ion pross. M has h avanag o ug wo signal rqunis whih ar shi by 90. Hr h inpu binary aa is spli ino our hannls namly, ˈ,, ˈ. Whr, bis givs sign o h oupu a o lvl onvrrs an ˈ, ˈ rmin h magniu o h oupu. Th minimum banwih rquir is b /, whr b is rquny o a bi.m signal is[9]. whr, Y()= a n a n Opn ss Journal ag a in phas omponn ampliu, a quaraur phas omponn ampliu an phas o n n arrir signal... mpliir mols Gnrally ampliir mans i will srnghn h signal i.., i will inras h ampliu o h signal. Bu praially ampliir prou ampliiaion up o rain lvl o inpu volag valu ar ha valu i will prou lss ampliiaion an also givs phas isorion along wih ampliiaion. mpliirs us in h salli ar mol by hr iss namly Salh, Ghorbani an Rapp[0]....Salh ampliir mol Th Salh mol is a quasi mmory-lss mol. n his mol in orr o i h mol o masurmn aa our paramrs ar n[]. s M-M onvrsion union is am m () am s M-M onvrsion union is m p m (5) m whr,,,, ar h monsra paramrs an m is h ampliu o h inpu signal. a a p p p...ghorbani ampliir mol Th Ghorbani mol uilizs igh paramrs o i h mol o h simaion inormaion; his mol is smi mmory-lss. s M-M onvrsion union is[]. s M-M onvrsion union is m m r r m r m r (6) r m s sm s m s () s m whr, r, r, r, r, s, s, s, s h paramrs o his mol an m is h signal ampliu....rapp ampliir mol Th Rapp mol uilizs hr paramrs, an i xprins ampliu isorion bu no phas isorion. Th gnral xprssion o h M-M onvrsions is as ollows [], m m m O sa S S () (8) whr, O sa is a paramr ha ss h yil immrsion lvl an S is a paramr ha ss h smoohnss o h progrss rom sraigh o immrsion sas. Smallr s valu monsras smooh hang...dopplr

4 rorman nalysis o various Moulaion Shms on nr Salli Communiaion Lin. This is h hang in rquny u o h rlaiv movmn xiss bwn wo bois. Hr boh LEO an GEO salli ar roaing aroun h arh wih irn vloiis. So Dopplr rquny rla o original rquny is as ollows[5]. v (9) * whr, = Dopplr rquny, = arrir rquny, v = vloiy o ransmi wav an = vloiy o ligh..5.thrmal nois is an lroni isurban prou u o hrmal o harg arrirs wihin an lroni vi rgarlss o appli volag. ll his rla o h vi in h rivr sion. W a h hrmal nois in h orm o nois igur as nois mparaur ois Figur 0 log 0 (0) 90 ois igur is nohing bu ibl quivaln o nois aor..6./ mbalan is on o h xuion rsriing lmns in h signing o ir ransormaion rivrs. / imbalan ar nohing bu h xig o mismahs in h in-phas an ou-phas o a riving sion...error vor magniu(evm) EVM is an iin hniqu us in rmining prorman o llular ommuniaion sysms. is masur o sanar viaion o h poins abou an avrag valu o a onsllaion poin[6]. EVM allows us o s h qualiy o h moula signal/symbol. Equaion o EVM or alulaing h rror masurmn bwn ial onsllaion an riv onsllaion in prnag is EVM whr, () (), ar h in-phas an quaraur phas omponns o a ial onsllaion. ar h in-phas an quaraur-phas omponns o a riv onsllaion.. MTHEMTCL LYSS SK wih Salh mol: SK moula signal os n For n=, SK moula signal = os n Salh mol M-M onvrsion is, r r r M-M onvrsion is, r r, r r os r Disor signal ar ampliir mol by h Salh mol is Consir , β =.5,.0 os os os , β = r Dopplr E h signal boms Opn ss Journal ag

5 rorman nalysis o various Moulaion Shms on nr Salli Communiaion Lin. Opn ss Journal ag os.5.58 Th ampliu o abov signal is os From h abov quaion i is larly shows ha hr is no ampliu isorion ourr ar h Dopplr E. has o h abov signal is os an an an From h abov quaion i is larly shows ha aiional phas isorion prou o h ampliir phas isorion in h orm o u o Dopplr E...EVM alulaions EVM valu or SK moulaion ar Salh mol ampliir: EVM = 00, Whr SK moula signal = os n For n=, = os, r Salh mol ampliir, i boms os os, os os = os

6 rorman nalysis o various Moulaion Shms on nr Salli Communiaion Lin. Opn ss Journal ag 6, os, os os = os, 5 5 os 5 5 os os Moula signal os os os os 8 EVM 00

7 rorman nalysis o various Moulaion Shms on nr Salli Communiaion Lin. Opn ss Journal ag 00 os 8 00 os EVM valu or SK moulaion ar Dopplr : Moula signal = os n n=,,, r Salh mol ampliir os p n r Dopplr his signal boms os n EVM os os os os 5 5 os os os

8 rorman nalysis o various Moulaion Shms on nr Salli Communiaion Lin. Opn ss Journal ag 8 os 00 os 8 EVM 00 os V. RESULTS D DSCUSSO Consllaion iagram is a graphial rprsnaion o a signal omponns moula by a igial moulaion shm. isplays h signal as a wo-imnsional sar iagram in h omplx plan[]...sk moulaion: Th onsllaion iagrams or SK moula signal a irn sags in a lin wih Salh mol ampliir ar shown in Figur. (i) Basi onsllaion (ii) r Salh mol ampliir (iii) r Dopplr Figur. SK Consllaion iagrams SK uss our phass o rprsn h inormaion, so is onsllaion onsig o poins as shown in Figur (i). is isor boh in ampliu an phas by Salh mol ampliir whih is shown in Figur (ii) an Dopplr E is obsrv o h Salh mol isor signal in h Figur (iii). Th EVM valus ar no or irn Dopplr rqunis or SK moulaion, whih is shown in Figur.

9 EVM valus EVM valus rorman nalysis o various Moulaion Shms on nr Salli Communiaion Lin. 60 SK moulaion Salh mol Ghorbani mol Rapp mol Dopplr rquny Figur. EVM valus vrsus Dopplr rquny o SK moulaion Dopplr rquny o 500Hz an is mulipls, EVM valu prou is sam as h valu a h orrsponing ampliir. For rmaining rqunis is EVM valu is grar an irn... 8-SK: (i) Basi onsllaion (ii) r salh mol ampliir (iii) r opplr Figur. 8-SK moulaion 8-SK moulaion assigns igh phass o h inormaion bis, so is onsllaion has igh poins as shown in Figur (i). Th o ampliir o his onsllaion is obsrv in Figur (ii). Th Figur (iii) shows h Dopplr E o h ampliir isor signal.th EVM valus ar no or irn Dopplr rqunis or 8-SK moulaion, whih is shown in Figur SK moulaion Salh mol Ghorbani mol Rapp mol Dopplr rquny Figur 5. EVM valus vrsus Dopplr rquny o 8-SK moulaion Opn ss Journal ag 9

10 EVM valus rorman nalysis o various Moulaion Shms on nr Salli Communiaion Lin. n his hr is no Dopplr a h rquny o 500Hz an is harmonis, or rmaining Dopplr rqunis EVM valu is onsan an highr... 6-M: Th onsllaion iagrams or 6-M moula signal a irn sags in a lin ar as shown in Figur 6. (i) Basi onsllaion (ii) r salh mol ampliir (iii) r opplr Figur 6. 6-M moulaion This moulaion prous6 onsllaion poins by varying amplius an our phass, whih is shown in Figur 6(i). mpliir isorion o his onsllaion is obsrv in Figur 6(ii) an Dopplr E is obsrvin h Figur 6(iii). Th EVM valus ar no or irn Dopplr rqunis or 6-M, whih is shown in Figur. 6-M moulaion Salh mol Ghorbani mol Rapp mol Dopplr rquny Figur. EVM valus vrsus Dopplr rquny o 6-M moulaion n 6-M moulaion also hr is no Dopplr a rqunis o 500Hz an is mulipls or hr ampliir mols; a rmaining rqunis EVM valu is onsan. V. EVM LYSS Th EVM Valus or irn moulaions wih hr ampliir mols is lis in Tabl,Tabl,Tabl. 5..SK moulaion Tabl.EVM valus or SK moulaion EVM valus aramr Salh Mol Ghorbani Mol Rapp Mol r ampliir r rquny os..9.8 r nois igur o B..9.8 r / imbalan Opn ss Journal ag 0

11 rorman nalysis o various Moulaion Shms on nr Salli Communiaion Lin SK moulaion Tabl.EVM valus or 8-SK moulaion EVM valus aramr Salh Mol Ghorbani Mol Rapp Mol r ampliir r rquny os..9.8 r nois igur o B..9.8 r / imbalan M moulaion Tabl.EVM valus or 6-M moulaion EVM valus aramr Salh Mol Ghorbani Rapp Mol Mol r ampliir r rquny os r nois igur o B r / imbalan From h abov valus in h abls, i is nown ha highr moulaion i.., 6-M signal xprin lss isorion ar pasg hrough h irn impairmns suh as ampliir isorion, Dopplr, hrmal nois an / imbalan sags. Evn hough i sms o b 6-M is mor avanag, rmaining moulaions ar also us in inr salli ommuniaion lin in irn appliaions. V. COCLUSO n his papr, h prorman o various moulaion shms or inr salli ommuniaion lin bwn LEO an GEO sallis is prsn. Th analysis is arri ou wih h EVM as h imporan paramr wih hr ampliir mols. For a br ransivr sysm, h EVM shoul b as low as possibl. Th o rlaiv moion bwn LEO an GEO sallis i.., Dopplr E has also obsrv as a hannl impairmn. is obsrv ha, h 6-M givn a low EVM. Th EVM obsrv or 6-M wih a Salh mol ampliir is05., whras or SK an 8-SK is 5. an 5.5 rspivly. REFERECES []. R. Raharishnan, W. W. Emonson, F. ghah, J. Chnou, R. M. Roriguz-Osorio, an.. Zng, Opimal Mulipl ss roool or nr-salli Communiaion in Small Salli Sysms, in Th S Symposium, Maora, Spain, 0. []. F. ino, F. ghah, R. Raharishnan, an W. W. Emonson, Sowar Din Raio mplmnaion o DS-CDM in nr- Salli Communiaions or Small Sallis, in nrnaional Conrn on wirlss or Spa an Exrm Environmns, Orlano, Floria, US, 05. []. B. W. Barb an al., Guian an avigaion or Rnzvous an roximiy Opraions wih a on-coopraiv Spara a Gosynhronous Orbi, in Gorg H. Born Symposium, Boulr, Colorao, 00. []. rorman analysis o Turbo o SK Moulaions ovr on linar Salli Channls Riaro D Gaunzi,lbr Guilln Fabrgas,an lonso Marinz, in EEE ransaions on Wirlss Communiaions, Vol no 5,o:9 Spmbr 006. [5]. Moling o h simulanous inlun o h hrmal nois an h phas nois in Spa ommuniaion sysms, O Baran,M.asal nrnaional ournal Raio nginring, 00,Vol o 9,o:, 68-66,SS:0-5. [6]. Capaiy nalysis an Sysm opimizaion or h orwar lin o muli-bam salli broaban sysms xploiing aapiv oing an moulaion, R.Rinalo an R.D Gaunzi in nrnaional Journal o salli oomuniaion an woring o : 0-,00. []. M-ary SK ovr on-linar Salli Channls, Jams Clawll an lar Robrson, : in EEE onrn CRM 009. SSC0-V-6-6h nnual /USU Conrn on SmallSallis, Logan, Uah, US, 00. [8]. B. alminir, C. Kis, an M. Swarwou, \Disribu Compuing rhiur or Small Sal-li an Muli-Spara Missions," in SSC0-V-6-6h nnual /USU Conrn on SmallSallis, Logan, Uah, US, 00. [9]. C. Frmaux, X. a, an J. Foura, \ESSM Clusr Disposal:Orbi Managmn," in SpaOps Conrn, Soholm, Swn, 0. [0]. M. Raanna, H. C. Kanharau, an M. G. Shiva, Salli wors Rouing roool ssus an Challngs: Survy," nrnaional Journal o nnovaiv Rsarh in Compur an Communiaion Enginring, vol., no., pp. 5{5, May 0. []. D.-Y. Zhang, S. Liu, an M. li Yin, \ Salli Rouing lgorihm Bas on Opimizaion o Boh Dlay an Banwih," in Wirlss Communiaions, woring an Mobil Compuing (WiCOM), 0 h nrnaional Conrn on, Sp 0. []. R. Sun, D. Massn, J. Guo, an al., \Enabling nr-salli Communiaion an Ranging or Small Sallis," in roings o h small salli sysms an srvis symposium, Funhal, orugal, 00. []. W. Guoqiang, Y. Bai, an Z. Sun, \Rsarh on Formaion o Mirosalli Communiaion wih Gni lgorihm," Th Sinii Worl Journal, vol. 0, pp. -, 0. []... ayro, M. K. Lua, an.. laish, \Salli Lin Dsign: Tuorial," nrnaional Journal o Elrial an Compur Sins JECS-JES, vol.,, ug 0. [5].. ropoulou, E. Mihailiis,. anagopoulos, an. Kanaas, \Raio ropagaion Channl Ma-surmns or Muli-nnna Salli Communiaion Sysms: Survy," nnnas an ropagaionmagazin, EEE, vol. 56, no. 6, D 0. [6].. rapoglou, K. Liolis, M. Brinlli,. anagopoulos,. Cois, an R. D Gaunzi, Mimo ovr salli: rviw," Communiaions Survys Tuorials, EEE, vol., no., Firs 0. Opn ss Journal ag

12 rorman nalysis o various Moulaion Shms on nr Salli Communiaion Lin. []. lasay H., Bouros R. an bnahla M. Comparison Bwn Digial & nalog risorion ro.eee. CCEC. Conrn- Monral - B -Canaa, May 00. [8]. Craig J. W., nw, simpl an xa rsul or alulaing h probabiliy o rror or wo-imnsional signal onsllaions, MLCOM proings, 99, pp [9]. Golsmih. J. an Chua S. G., Variabl-Ra Variabl-owr MM or Faing Channls EEE Trans. Comm. Vol.5, O.lO, pp.8-,o.99. [0]. M. bnahla,. Rahman,. Sulyman, H. -say, Y. Jun, an. Sawa, High sp salli mobil ommuniaions: Thnologis an hallngs, Th roings o Th EEE, Spial issu on Gigabi wirlss ommuniaions: Thnologis an hallngs, pp. -9, Fbruary 00. slı KSOY. n ngra Mol For Souring Sragis n Global Ousouring. nrnaional Journal o Compuaional Enginring Rsarh (JCER), vol. 08, no., 08, pp Opn ss Journal ag

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