PSEUDOSCORPIONS FROM THE KRAKATAU ISLANDS AND ADJACENT REGIONS, INDONESIA (CHELICERATA: PSEUDOSCORPIONIDA)

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1 Memors o( the Museum of Vctora 49(2): (1988) SSN November 1988 PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS AND ADJACENT REGONS, NDONESA (CHELCERATA: PSEUDOSCORPONDA) By Mark S. Harvky Department of Envronmental Records, Museum of Vctora, 71 Vctora Crescent, Abbotsford, Vctora 3067, Australa Abstract Harvey, M.S Pseudoscorpons from the krakalau slands and adjacent regons, ndonesa (Chelcerata: Pseudoscorponda). Memors of the Museum of Vctora 49: Eghteen pseudoscorpon speces are recorded from Krakalau slands and adjacent regons: Tyrannochthonus krakatau sp.nov., T. bagussp. nov., Lagynochthonus kapsp. now, L.john (Redkorzev), /.. thorntonsp. nov., /.. hamulus sp. nov. (Chthondae), Garypus maldvenss Pocock (Garypdae). Geogarypusjavanus (Tullgren), G. albus Beer (Geogarypdae), Amblyolpn helum Chamberln, Beerolpum oceancum (Wth) (Olpdae), Metawthusyur (Redkorzev) (Wthdae), Paralemnus assmlls Beer (Atemndac), laplochernes warburg (Tullgren), //. kraepen (Tullgren), Alochernes lwa sp. nov., Verrucachemes oca Chamberln, and Smerngochernes sp. (Chemetdae). All speces except the last are fully descrbed. The followng synonymes are proposed: Geogarypus formosanus Beer, G. audy Beer and G. javanus takenss Beer wth G. javanus (Tullgren); Xenolpum oceancum palauense Beer, X. oceancum reducturn Beer and X. oceancum latum Beer wth Beerolpum oceancum (Wth); and Mcrochernes orentas Beer and M. nsulars Beer wth Verrucachernes oca Chamberln. Ther bogeography and ecology are dscussed. Oralemnus proxmus Beer (Atemndac) s recorded from.lava for the frst tme, based on a specmen ncluded n the type seres o( luploehernes kraepen. Contents ntroducton 310 Materals and methods 310 Bogeography and ecology 311 Systematca 314 Famly Chthondae Tyrannochthonus krakalau sp. nov 314 Tyrannochthonus bagus sp. nov 315 Lagynochthonus kap sp. nov 317 Lagynochthonus john (Redkorzev) 320 Lagynochthonus hornlon sp. nov 322 Lagynochthonus hamulus sp. nov 323 Famly Garypdae Garypus maldvenss Pocock 324 Famly Geogarypdae Geogarypus javanus (Tullgren) 327 Geogarypus albus Beer 329 Famly Olpdae Amblyolpum helum Chamberln 330 Beerolpum oceancum (Wth) 333 Famly Wthdae Melawhus yur (Redkorzev) 336 Famly Atemndac Paralemnus assmls Beer 338 Famly Chemetdae aplochernes warburg (Tullgren)

2 hr n ullgren Mam. \cadem) Natu Australan 310 M, S HARVEY Haplochernes kraepeln ( ullgren) 344 AUochernes fwa sp. no\ 346 Verrucachernes oca Chamberln ^ x Smerngochernes sj 351 ' Acknowledgements 351 References '51 ntroducton he Krakatau slands le mdway between Java and Sumatra n the Sunda Strat and have attracted consderable attenton due Co the enormous erupton of 1883 whch has been documented by man authors (see rhornton and Rosengren, n press). hs erupton elmnated all lvng matte on the slands, yd w thn a short space ol tme, plans and anmals had establshed themselves on the three slands then present, Rakata, Panjang and Sertung; the fourth sland, Auuk Krakatau, emerged from the sea n 1930 and presently contans the actve cone ol the volcano. ls pseudoscorpons to be recorded from the Krakatau slands wen- collected bj 1 son n Ma) 1908 and dentfed l bj (1912) as (7/(7/7tv brmancus rhorell. \s shown below, the materal was msdentfed and the materal actually pertans to Paratemnus assmls Bee. he nexl collecton to be made was by Brstowe (1931) who recorded two speces on "l ang l land" (Panjang); these specmens have not been avalable fo study. Dammerman (1948) reported the presence ol pseudosco pons on the slands. hese specmens apparent!) sent to. < Chamberln but have nol been avalable for the presenl study. Pseudoscorpons were reported From Panjang and \nak Krakatau b) < >ej el al ) bul were not dent fed an) rms, the he 140 specmens collected on the sl n me and others durng the 1984 La ["robe Krakatau Expedton, plus furthe materal (28 l specmens) collected n the >ss trp consttute the l largest collecton to be obtaned from the slands. Ths s not partcularly surprsng consderng the duraton and completeness ol the 1 a l robe expe dtons (Thornton and Rosengren, n press). n addton, wo k undertaken al l wa, Sumatra, and Ujung Kulon and Carta, Java durng the 1984 trp yelded a furthe 86 specmens. Ml of ths materal (a total of 260 specmens) s treated n ths pape Eleven speces were collected on the K katau slands. \ll were taken from Rakata, and some were found on the othe slands. Seven othe speces wee collected al one o more of the othe 1984 stud) stes, Ujung Kulon, Java, and Lwa, Sumatra. Materals and methods Specmens were borrowed from o have been lodged n the followng nsttutons: WK. Natonal nsect Collecton,, Dvson ol ntomolog) anbe ra, Australa; BMNH, Brtsh Museum (Natural Hstory), ondon, England; BPBM, Bernce P, Bshop Museum. Honolulu, U.S. \. FMNH, Feld Museum ot Natural Hstory, CC, Chamberln collecton, Pacfc l Dversty, Foresl Grove, Oregon, l.s.a.; MZB, Museum Zoologcum Bogorense, Bo ndonesa; NHMB, Natural Hstor) Museum Basel, Sm tzerland; \mw. Naturhstorsches Museum. w Vusl NMV, Museum ol Vctora, Melbourne, Australa; RMNH, Rjksmuseura van Natuurljke Hstore, l eden, SM. he Nethe Museum Senckenberg, rankfurt- Federal Republc ol Germany; SNM, l tlled States Natonal Museum, Washngton, D.<.,S. \ ; l /M. nverstets Kobenhavn, Denmark; /ll. of Scences, Lennj S.S.R.; /MB, Museum tut \atutkunde an del Unverstal Humboldt zu Berln, Democratc Republc ol German) /Ml. Zoologsches Museum lu Hamburg, 1 ed e al Republc o\ German) nless otherwse stated, the type materal of descrbed speces has been examned. he lnte dwellng specmens were extracted from seved ltte placed n Wnkler traps fo 2 4 days. othe specmens were collected b) searchng drectly unde the bark of decortcatng trees, under the bark ol rottng logs o unde rocks, rhestud) stes have been descrbed b) rhomton and Rosengren (n press). Ml specmens were ntally preserved n 70% ethanol and most were mourned on mcroscope sldes n Euparal followng the technque ol Mol (1949); specmens preserved n he

3 PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS 311 former manner are denoted SP, and those n the latter manner are denoted SL. All specmens were gven ndvdual numbers (e.g., MH827.01) as explaned n Harvey (1985). Measurements were taken n accordance wth Harvey (1987), and where they are presented as a fracton, the numerator refers to the length of the structure and the denomnator to ts wdth. Termnology generally follows Chamberln (1931), except for that of the gentala whch follows Legg (1974, 1975) and s summarsed below, the chelceral setae whch follows Harvey (1987), and TS whch refers to the dstance of the tactle seta from the proxmal end of the tarsus of leg V dvded by the length of the tarsus. The carapaceal formulae for the chthonds follow s the format of Gabbutt and Vachon (1963). Gentalc abbrevatons aa, anteror apodeme; apdg, atrum of posteror dorsal gland; ca, chtnsed arch; da, dorsal apodeme; dag, dorsal anteror gland; dmgs, duct of medan gental sac; ejc, ejaculatory canal; ejca, ejcaulalory canal atrum; la, lateral apodeme; lr, lateral rod; mgs, medan gental sac; pv, posteror dvertculum of ventral dvertculum; pvdv, posteror ventral dvertculum; trmdv, thckened roof of medan dvertculum. Bogeography and ecology The dstrbuton of each of the speces collected durng the 1984 and 1985 expedtons s shown n Table 1 and s dscussed n more detal below. 1. Tyrannochthonus krakaau. Ths speces has so far only been collected n ltter on the summt of Rakata and at Ujung kulon, Java. 2. Tyrannochthonus bogus. Ths speces has only been found n ltter at Lwa, Sumatra. 3. Lagynochlhonus kap. Ths speces s wdespread on the Krakatau slands, but has not yet been located elsewhere. On Rakata t has been collected at Zwarte Hoek and at the summt. t has been taken from ranforest and Casuarna equsetfola J.R. & G. Forst. ltter and taken from the undersde of rocks on Anak Krakatau. 4. Lagynochlhonus john. Ths speces has been recorded from east-central Sumatra and Negros sland, Phlppnes, and the present record from Ujung Kulon extends ts dstrbuton to Java. 5. Lagynochlhonus thornton. Ths speces has been collected only once under the bark of a log on the beach at Ujung Kulon, Java. 6. Lagynochlhonus hamulus. Ths speces has only been collected n ranforest ltter at Lwa, Sumatra. 7. Garypus maldvenss. Prevously reported from the Maldve slands and Sr Lanka, ths speces, lke other members of the genus, s a supralttoral form that s probably dstrbuted along the shorelne n drftng plant materal as descrbed by Lee (1979) for G. calforncus Banks. Garypus maldvenss was found only once on the slands at Zwarte Hoek under the bark of a dead Barrngtona asalca (L.) Kurz on the beach. 8. Geogarypusjavanus. Ths speces s wdely dstrbuted n southeast Asa (Thaland, Malaysa, Tawan, Papua New Gunea, ndonesa, Solomon slands, and varous sland groups n Mcronesa). t s most commonly found n ltter, but has been taken by beatng vegetaton on Krakatau and Ujung Kulon, Java. 9. Geogarypus albus. The only prevous collecton s that of the the type materal collected from Malaysa. All of ths materal was taken from brds' nests, but the specmen collected from Ujung Kulon was taken from ltter. 10. Amblyolpum bellum. Untl now, the only known collecton stes of ths speces were Kepulauan Banda, Maluku and Tjbodas, Java. On Krakatau, t has been collected from Rakata and Panjang, under the bark of trees ncludng Fats sp. and Tmonus compresscauls (Mq.) Boerl Beerolpum oceancum. Ths s a wdespread speces and has been collected from Krakatau to Samoa. 12. Melawlhus yur. Ths speces has prevously been collected only at the type localtes n Camboda (Kampuchea) and Vetnam. On the Krakataus, t has only been collected from Rakata and Sertung. All specmens except one from Sertung, whch was collected under bark of a dead Fcus sp. on the beach, were taken by beatng vegetaton n ranforest. 13. Paralemnus assmls. Ths speces was orgnally descrbed from the Phlppnes and was collected by the La Trobe expedtons near Carla, Java from under the bark of a dead tree n secondary ranforest, and on Rakata by beatng vegetaton, n ltter and from the nsde of a tent.

4 j; m. s. harm v able 1. Collecton stes of each o the speces collected durng the 1984 and 1985 expedtons (abbrevatons: L, Lwa; R, Rakata; A, Anak Krakatau; P, Panjaog; S, Sertung; C, Carta; U, Ujung Kulon). L R A P S C Chthondae Tyrannochthonus krakatau sp. nov. Tyrannochthonus bagus sp. nov. Lagynochthonus kap sp. nov. Lagynochthonus john (Redkorzev) Lagynochthonus thornton sp. nov. Lagynochthonus hamatus sp. nov, Garypdae Garypus maldvenss Pocock feoga ) pdae Geogarypus javanus (Tullgren) Geogarypus albus Bee Olpdae Amblyolpum be//wmchambe ln Beerolpum oceancum (Wth) Wthdae Wetawthus yur (Redkorzev) Acmndae Paratemnus assmls Bee (!he netdae Haplochernes warburg 1 ullgren) Haplochernes kraepeln (Tullgren) Allochernes lwa sp. no\ errucachernes oca ( hambe ln Smerngochernes sp. \ \ 14. Haplochernes warburg. 1 hs speces was orgnally descrbed from Java, but has snce been reported from Sulawes, Papua New Gunea and Sr Lanka. t s one of the most common pseudoscorpon speces on Krakatau and has so tar been collected on all of the slands except Anak Krakatau. t was most commonly collected b> beal ng or sweepng vegetaton, and was often found wthn the campste. t was observed movng around nsde tents and on structures durng the day and appears to be at least partally durnal. There s every lkelhood that ths speces may be moved from sland to sland by human actvty. 15. Haplochernes kraepeln. Ths speces has been collected n Java and the Palau and Carolne slands n Mcronesa. The materal collected by the La Trobe expedtons was taken under bark of trees (Carta, Java) or by beatng (Rakata). t was not found on anj o the Krakatau slands except Rakata. 16. Hlochernes twa. Ths speces has only been taken at 1 lwa, Sumatra by beatng vegetaton. 17. ^errucachernes oca. hs speces s very wdelv dstrbuted n south-east Asa from Vetnam to the Solomon slands. t was collected on all of the Krakatau slands except Anak Krakatau, under the bark o\ logs or dead trees. Bush and Whttaker (1986) dvded the flora of the slands nto three man types, two of whch were further dvded. The "coastal /one" ncludes the "Cusuanna communtes", "Barrngtona communtes" and the "Pes-caprae formaton". The "lowland forest" ncludes sx forest types, each charactersed by a dfferent tree speces or group of speces. The "montane forest", found only on the summt of Rakata, s rch n Schefflera poly-

5 PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS 313 botrya (Mq.) Vg. The eleven pseudoscorpon speces collected on the Krakataus may be readly classfed wth reference to these three groups (Table 2). Further classfcaton nto the sx lowland groups s not possble due to the combned effect of the lack of sutable data collected on the tree formatons durng the collecton of the anmals, and the apparent wdespread dstrbuton of most of the pseudoscorpons n the lowland formatons. A further zone s recognsed n the "coastal zone" for the purposes of ths dscusson, the "lttoral zone". (1) Coastal zone. The lttoral zone contaned two pseudoscorpon speces, Garypus maldvenss and Beerolpum oceancum, both of whch were collected under the bark of dead trees on the beach at Rakata. Two other speces, Verrucachemes oca and Metawthus yur, were collected from under the bark of a dead Fcus sp. overhangng the beach at Sertung, but have my doubts that the branch was truly affected by waves. The tree was n an area where the lowland forest came rght down to the beach, and these two speces may smply be ncursve elements n the coastal zone. Lagynochthonus kap and B. oceancum were commonly found n the Casuarna equsetfola ltter, whle Geogarypusjavanus and Haplochernes warburg were found on the spt at Sertung. (2) Lowland zone. The lowland pseudoscorpon fauna was the most dverse, whch s consstent wth the floral analyss of Bush and Whttaker (1986). Amblyolpum bellum and V. oca were commonly found under the bark of lvng trees and logs, whle L. kap and B. oceancum were present n the ltter, along wth Paratemnus assmls whch was collected once from ltter on Rakata. Geogarypus javanus, H. warburg, M. yur and P. assmls were taken by beatng and sweepng vegetaton. (3) Montane zone. Only two pseudoscorpon speces were collected n the montane zone, L. kap and Tyrannochthonus krakatau. The latter s restrcted to ths zone. n general, the pseudoscorpon fauna of the Krakataus s farly well developed, especally consderng that the fauna and flora of the slands was totally destroyed n the 1883 erupton (Thornton and Rosengren, n press). How then dd they reach the slands, presumably from ether Java, Sumatra or both? The three optons are (1) phoresy, (2) raftng, or (3) by human ntroducton. (1) Pseudoscorpons have long been known to attach themselves to larger anmals, especally nsects, and thus obtan transport. Whle none of the pseudoscorpons collected on these expedtons were undertakng phoresy, populatons of many of the speces may have become establshed after transportaton on an aeral host. Table 2. Occurrence of pseudoscorpon speces on the Krakatau slands n relaton to floral communtes (Bush and Whttaker 1986) and collectng method. lttoral coastal Casuarna lowland montane ltter L. kap L. kap L. kap B. oceancum B. oceancum T. krakatau P. assmls bark G. maldvenss B. oceancum (M. yur) (V. oca) A. bellum V. oca (M. yur) other G. javanus H. warburg G. javanus H. warburg H. kraepeln M. yur P. assmls

6 remande M. s. HARV1 > (2) Banks of floatng vegetaton or logs may pro vde transport lor some speces, but submerson n sea water may kll many speces. he specmens o! Garypus maldvenss collected from under the bark of a dead tree on the shore of Kakata most probably dspersed to the sland by ratng. (3) Whle have no sold evdence to suggest that pseudoscorpons have been transported to the slands through human agency, t s a possblty that cannot be easly dscounted. There have been many vstors to the slands over the years, and ntroductons may have occurred, especally n tems such as food (e.g. bananas, coconuts, etc.), or on peces ol lunhc or branches and logs. ns s especally lkely for speces such as Hapochernes warburg whch s at least partally durnal (see above)..,. Systematca ( hlhondae yrannnchlhons ( hamberln j rannochthonus krakatau sp. nov. gures 1-6 Type materal. Holotype,, Rakata, summt, Kra slands, 6 WS, m, 19 Sep 1984, ltter (MZB, 48 B, MH842.01, S. same data as holotype (MZB, 48 B, Paratypes: 3,, MH , SL); 5?, same data as holotype (1, n \\K n NMV, K"14 717, 40 29, MH trtonymph, Pulau Peucang, 05, s and SP); Kulon, lava, 6 45"S, ns s ) 9Sep 1984, ltto Fgures 6. / vranttochthonm krakatau sp. nov.fgs 1,4, 5, holotype female. gs 3, 6, paratype female MH Fg. 2 paratype trtonymph, MH Fg., left chela, lateral. Fg. 2, lef chela, lateral Fg 3 "rght chela' dorsal. Fg. 4, carapace. Fg. S, gentala, ventral. Fg. 6, rght peel, pulp, ventral. Scale Hue 17 mm tres 1 a' 6), 0.06 mm (tg. * 3),

7 PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS 315 (MZB, 119-AN, MH , SL). Dagnoss. The only other descrbed Asan or Australasan speces of Tyrannochthonus that possess only two eyes are T. laevs Beer, T. smldentatus Sato and T. bagus sp. nov. Tyrannochthonus krakalau dffers from T. laevs by ts more promnent chelal teeth, from T. smldentatus by ts heterodentate fxed chelal fnger, and from T. bagus by the small ntercalary teeth on the moveable chelal fnger and by the form of the female gentala. Descrpton. Female only. Colour pale yellowbrown, pedpalps and carapace slghtly darker. Setae acumnate. Pleural membrane papllo-strate. Pedpalp (Fgs 3, 6): trochanter , femur , tba , chela , hand tmes as long as broad. Fxed chelal fnger and hand wth 8 trchobothra, moveable chelal fnger wth 4 trchobothra; b and sb on dorsum of hand (Fg. 1). Hand wth 1 stout, medal, lanceolate, spne-lke seta at level of st. Venom apparatus absent. Chelal teeth: fxed fnger wth large, well-spaced, erect teeth, plus 10 small ntercalary teeth between anteror teeth; moveable fnger wth 9 well-spaced, erect teeth, plus 8 small ntercalary teeth between anteror teeth, and 9-10 low, rounded basal teeth. Moveable fnger twce as long as hand; moveable fnger wth very small basal apodeme. Chelcera wth 5 setae on hand, all acumnate; flagellum of 6 blades; moveable fnger wth 1 seta; galea a very low elevaton. Carapace (Fg. 4) tmes as long as broad; 2 small corneate eyes; epstome acutely trangular, wth 2 closely appressed setae; wth m4m: 4: 4: 2: 2 setae. Tergtes and sterntes undvded. Tergal chaetotaxy: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy: 9-10: (3)8-9(3): (3)6-10(3): 8-10: 9-10: 8: 8-9: 8-9: 7-9: 0: 2. Coxal chaetotaxy: 3: 4cs: 5: 5; coxae wth 6-8 dstally ncsed coxal spnes set n oblque row; ntercoxal tubercle absent. Gental opercula not unusual. Female gentala as n Fg. 5. Spracles wth stgmatc helx. Legs: heterotarsate, arolum slghtly shorter than claws; claws smple. Dmensons (mm): body length ; pedpalps: trochanter / , femur / , tba / , chela / , hand length , moveable fnger length ; chelcera / , moveable fnger length ; carapace / , eye 0.025; leg : trochanter / , basfemur / , telofemur / , tba / , tarsus / 0.03; leg V: trochanter 0.11/ , basfemur / , telofemur / , tba / , bastarsus / , telotarsus / Trtonymph: colour pale. Pedpalp: trochanter 1.62, femur 3.69, tba?, chela 4.23, hand 1.35 tmes as long as broad. Fxed chelal fnger and hand wth 7 trchobothra, moveable fnger wth 3 trchobothra; sb and sb absent (Fg. 2). Carapace wth m4m: 4: 4: 2: 2 setae; 1.15 tmes as long as broad. Tergal chaetotaxy: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy: 5: (2)4(2): (2)5(2): 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 7: 0: 2. Coxal chaetotaxy: 3: 3cs: 4: 4; coxae 11 wth 5-6 dstally ncsed spnes set n oblque row. Heterotarsate. Dmensons (mm): body length 0.64; pedpalps: trochanter /0.065, femur 0.24/0.065, tba?, chela 0.36/0.085, hand length 0.115, moveable fnger length 0.245; carapace 0.235/ Etymology. The specfc epthet refers to the group of slands on whch ths speces has been found and s to be treated as a noun n apposton. Remarks. Ths speces has been collected n ltter only on the summt of Rakata and at Pulau Peucang. Tyrannochthonus bagus sp. Fgures 7-14 nov. Type materal. Holotype 9, 7.5 km W of Lwa, Sumatra, 5'04'S, 'E, 730 m, ltter, 1 Sep 1984 (MZB, 91-M, MH807.01, SL). Paratypes: 9 9,2 trtonymphs, 1 protonymph, same data as holotype (MZB, 91-M, MH , SL and SP); 15 9,2 trtonymphs, 1 deutonymph, same data as holotype except 6 Sep 1984 (2 9, 1 deutonymph n MZB, 2 9 n ANC, remander n NMV, K78-730, 148-Q, MH , SL and SP); 9 9,6 km W of Lwa, Sumatra, 5 04'S, 'E, 640 m, ltter, 5 Sep 1984 (MZB, 150-M, MH , SP). Dagnoss. As dscussed under the dagnoss of T. krakatau, T. bagus resembles T. laevs, T. smldentatus and T. krakatau n possessng only two eyes. Tyrannochthonus bagus dffers from T. laevs n ts erect chelal teeth, from T. smldentatus n ts heterodentate chelal teeth, and from T. krakatau n the large ntercalary teeth of the moveable chelal fnger and the form of the female gentala. Descrpton. Female only. Colour pale yellowbrown, pedpalps and carapace slghtly darker. Setae acumnate. Pleural membrane papllo-strate.

8 316 M S. HARV V gures Tyrmnochthonhu bogus sp. no> gs 7,, 13, 14, holotype Female. Fg. 8, paratype trtonymph MH Fg. 9, paratype deutonymph, MH g. 10, paratype protonymph, MH Fg. 12. paratype female, MH Fg. 7, left chela, lateral. Fg 8, lefl chela, lateral. Fg. 9. left chela, lateral, lt' 10, left chela, lateral, lay. 11. rghl chela, dorsal. Fg. 12, carapace. Fg. P. left pedpalp, dorsal. Fg. 14. gentala ventral Scale lne 0.17 mm (fgs " 1 J), 0.06 mm (fg. 14), Pedpalp (Fgs, 13): trochanter , femur , tba , chela , hand tmes as long as broad. Fxed chela! fnger and hand wth 8 trchobothra, moveable ehelal fnger wth 4 trchobothra; b and sb on dorsum of hand (Fg. 7). Hand wth 1 stout medal spne-lke seta at level of s/. Venom apparatus absent. Chela] teeth: fxed fnger wth large, well-spaced, retrorse teeth, plus large ntercalary teeth; moveable fnger wth wellspaced, retrorse teeth, plus large ntercalary teeth. Moveable fnger twce as long as hand; moveable fnger wth very small basal apodemc. Chelcera wth 5 setae on hand, all acumnate; flagellum of 7 blades; moveable fnger wth 1 seta; galea a verj low elevaton. Carapace (Fg. 12) tmes as long as broad; 2 small corneate eyes; epstome acutely trangular, wth 2 closel) appressed setae; wth m4m: 4: 4: 2: 2 setae. Tergtes and sterntes undvded. Tergal chaetotax\: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 0. Sternal chaetotaw 10; (2)10(2): (2)10(2): 10: 9-10: 9: 9: 9-10: 9-10: 0: 2. (oxal chaetotaxy: 3-4: 2-4cs: 5: 5; coxae wth 5-7 dstally ncsed coxal spnes set n oblque row; ntercoxal tubercle absent. Gental opercula not unusual. Female gentala (Fg. 14) wth long. narrow lateral dvertculum. Spracles wth stgmatc helx. Legs: heterotarsate, arolum slghtly shorter than claws; claws smple. Dmensons (mm): body length ;

9 PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS 317 pedpalps: trochanter / , femur / , tba / , chela / , hand length , moveable fnger length ; chelcera / , moveable fnger length ; carapace / ; leg : trochanter / , basfemur / 0.06, telofemur /0.06, tba / , tarsus / ; leg V: trochanter / , basfemur / , telofemur / , tba / , bastarsus / , telotarsus / Trtonymph: colour pale. Pedpalp: trochanter , femur , tba 1.71, chela , hand tmes as long as broad. Fxed chelal fnger and hand wth 7 trchobothra, moveable fnger wth 3 trchobothra; sb and sb absent (Fg. 8). Carapace wth m4m: 4: 4: 2: 2 setae. Tergal chaetotaxy: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy: 5: (2)4(2): (2)6(2): 7-8: 6-8: 7: 7: 7: 6-7: 0: 2. Coxal chaetotaxy: 3: 3-4cs: 4: 4; coxae wth 5 dstally ncsed spnes set n oblque row. Heterotarsate. Dmensons (mm): body length ; pedpalps: trochanter / , femur / , tba 0.12/0.07, chela / , hand length , moveable fnger length ; carapace 0.27/?. Deutonymph: colour pale. Pedpalp: trochanter 1.80, femur 3.50, tba 1.79, chela 3.21, hand 1.43 tmes as long as broad. Fxed chelal fnger and hand wth sx trchobothra, moveable fnger wth two trchobothra; esb, sb, sb and b absent (Fg. 9). Carapace wth m4m: 4: 4: 2: 2 setae; 0.98 tmes as long as broad. Tergal chaetotaxy: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy: 2: (0)4(0): (0)4(0): 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 6: 0: 2. Coxal chaetotaxy: 2: 3cs: 3: 3; coxae wth three dstally ncsed spnes set n oblque row. Heterotarsate. Dmensons (mm): body length 0.60; pedpalps: trochanter 0.09/0.05, femur 0.175/0.05, tba 0.125/0.07, chela 0.225/0.07, hand length 0.10, moveable fnger length 0.19; carapace 0.22/ Protonymph: colour pale. Pedpalp: trochanter 1.60, femur 3.22, tba?, chela 3.69, hand 1.15 tmes as long as broad. Fxed chelal fnger wth 3 trchobothra, moveable fnger wth 1 trchobothrum; eb, et, s! and / present (Fg. 10). Carapace wth 4: 4: 4: 2: 2 setae; 0.84 tmes as long as broad. Tergal chaetotaxy: 2: 2: 2: 2: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 2: 4: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy: 2: (0)0(0): (0)2(0): 2: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 0: 2. Coxal chaetotaxy: 1: lcs: : 1; coxae wth 2 dstally ncsed spnes set n oblque row. Heterotarsate. Dmensons (mm): body length 0.45; pedpalps: trochanter 0.08/0.05, femur 0.145/0.045, tba?, chela 0.24/0.065, hand length 0.075, moveable fnger length 0.16; carapace 0.205/ Etymology. The specfc epthet s Bahasa ndonese meanng "good" and s to be treated as an ndeclnable noun. Remarks. Ths s only the second record of a true member of the genus Tyrannochthonus from Sumatra. The frst s that of T. terrbls (Wth) by Beer (1930) from Padang. Examnaton of the syntypes of T. terrbls (lodged n UZM) revealed that t possesses homodentate chelal fngers, unlke T. bagus whch possesses heterodentate fngers. Lagynochthonus Beer Lagynochthonus kap sp. Fgures nov. Type materal. Holotype o\ Zwarte Hoek, Rakata, Krakatau slands, 6 09'S, 'E, ltter, 12 Sep 1984 (MZB, 156-R, MH820.01, SL). Paratypes: 5 9, same data as holotype (MZB, 156-R, MH , SL); 9, Rakata, summt, Krakatau slands, 6 09'S, E, 813 m, ltter, 19 Sep 1984 (MZB, 40-29, MH844.06, SL); 2 o\ Rakata, summt, Krakatau slands, 6 09'S, E, 813 m, ltter, 19 Sep 1984 (MZB, 46-8, MH , SL); 3 o\5 9,1 trtonymph, Panjang, Krakatau slands, 6 05'S, 'E, ranforest ltter, 14 Sep 1984 (NMV, K , 154-P, MH , SL and SP); 2 o\ 2 9, trtonymph, Sertung, Krakatau slands, 6 04'S, '-25E, Casuahna equsetfolavmer. 11 Sep 1984 (MZB, 151-D, MH , SP); 4 ct, 3 9, trtonymph, 2 deutonymphs, Anak Krakatau, Krakatau slands, 6 06'S, E, Cusuarna equsetfolaltter, 10 Sep 1984(1 o\ 1 9,1 deutonymph n NMV, K , la,l 9 n AN1C, remander n MZB, 152-1, MH , SL); 3 o\ 1 9, Anak Krakatau, Krakatau slands, 6 06'S, 'E, under rock, 10 Sep 1984 (MZB, 109-E, MH , SP). Dagnoss. Ths speces s approached n ts small sze only by L. baker (Chamberln), L. brnck (Beer), and L. dybas (Beer). The latter possesses very slender chelae and the teeth of L. brnck are more wdely spaced, extendng on the moveable fnger well past the level of sb. t s most smlar to L. baker, from whch t dffers by possesson of ntercalary teeth on the moveable chelal fnger. Descrpton. Adults: Pale yellow-brown, pedpalps and carapace slghtly darker. Setae acumnate. Pleural membrane papllo-strate. Pedpalp (Fgs 21, 18): trochanter (o-), (9),

10 318 M. S. HARVEY trmdv. gs 15, 19, 22. hototypc male. 1 g. 16, paratype trtonymph, MH Fgures / agynochthonus kap sp. no\ 1 g, 17, paratype deutonymph, MH Fg. 18, paratype female, MH Fg. 20, paratype female, MH g. 21, paratype female, MH Fg. 15, left chela, lateral, lag. 16, rght chela, lateral, lag. 17, left chela. lateral, lag. s, rght pedpalp, dorsal. 1 g. 19, carapace. 1 g. 20, gentala, ventral. Fg. 21, rght chela, dorsal, lag. 22, gentala, ventral, detal of trmd\ not shown n rght hall'. Scale lne 0.17 mm (fgs 15-19, 21) mm (fgs 20, 22). lemur (cr), (9), tba (cr), (9), chela (cr), ( 9 ), hand (cr), ( 9 ) tmes as long as broad. Fxed chela! fnger and hand wth 8 trchobothra, moveable ehelal fnger wth 4 trchobothra (Fg. 15); b and sb on dorsum of hand, st close to /. Hand wth 1 medal acumnate spne-lke seta at le\el of st. Venom apparatus absent. Chelal teeth: fxed fnger wth (o*), 15-16(9) large, well-spaced, slghtly retrorse teeth.

11 PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS 319 plus several very small ntercalary teeth between anteror teeth; moveable fnger wth 7-9 (o*) 7-8 ( 9 ) well-spaced teeth n anteror half, plus 2-5 (a-), 1-3 (9) small ntercalary teeth between anteror teeth, remanng teeth low and rounded; termnal tooth of moveable fnger not appearng hooked. Fxed fnger of male wth dstal sensorum near ds. Moveable fnger longer than hand; hand slghtly constrcted dstally; moveable chelal fnger wth large basal apodeme. Chelcera wth 5 setae on hand, all acumnate; flagellum of 8 blades; moveable fnger wth 1 seta; galeal regon a very low elevaton. Carapace (Fg. 19) (0-), ( 9 ) tmes as long as broad; 4 eyes, anteror eye corneate, posteror par represented by eye spots; epstome very low, wth 2 closely appressed setae; wth m4m: 4: 4: 2: 2 setae. Tergtes and sterntcs undvded. Tergal chaetotaxy: o\ 4: 4: 4: 4-6: 5-6: 5-6: 5-6: 6: 5-6: 3-4: 4: 0; 9, 4: 4: 4: 6-7: 6-7: 7: 6: 6-7: 5-6: 4: 4: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy: o*, 10: (3)24-28 [8] (3): (3)7-9(3): 8-10: 8-10: 9-10: 8-9: 8-10: 8-10: 4: 0; 9, 10: (3)10-11(3): (3)6-8(3): 8-10: 8-10: 8-10: 9-10: 9-11: 9-10: 4: 0. Coxal chaetotaxy: o\ 3: 4cs: 5: 5; 9, 3-4: 4cs: 5: 5; coxae wth 5-7 dstally ncsed spnes set n oblque row ntercoxal tubercle absent. Gental opercula not unusual. Male gentala (Fg. 22): ejaculatory atrum small, lateral apodeme meetng n md-lne; lateral margn of thckened roof of medan dvertculum crenulate. Female gentala (Fg. 20) wth complete lateral apodeme frame, although anteror margn very fant; lateral dvertculum covered wth crbrform plates n central secton. Spracles wth stgmatc helx. Legs: heterotarsate; arolun slghtly shorter than claws; claws smple. Dmensons (mm), cr ( 9 ): body length ( ); pedpalps: trochanter / ( / ), femur / ( / ), tba / ( / ), chela /0.09 ( / ), moveable fnger length ( ), hand length ( ); chelcera / ( / ), moveable fnger length ( ); carapace / ( / ); leg 1: trochanter 0.085/0.07 ( / ), basfemur / ( / ), telofemur / ( / ), tba /0.03 ( /0.035), tarsus / ( /0.03); leg V: trochanter 0.11/0.075 ( / ), basfemur / ( / ), telofemur / ( / ), tba / , bastarsus / ( / ), telotarsus / ( / ). Trtonymphs: colour pale. Pedpalp: trochanter , femur , tba 1.71, chela , hand tmes as long as broad. Fxed chelal fnger wth 7 trchobothra, moveable chelal fnger wth 3 trchobothra; sb and sb absent (Fg. 16). Fxed chelal fnger wth 12 teeth, wthout ntercalary teeth, moveable chelal fnger wth 6 teeth, wthout ntercalary teeth. Chelcera wth 5 setae on hand; flagellum of 5 pnnate blades. Carapace tmes as long as broad; wth m4m: 4: 4: 2: 2 setae. Tergal chaetotaxy: 4: 4: 4: 4-6: 5: 6: 5-6: 5: 5: 4: 4: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy: 5: (2)6(2): (2)6(2): 6-7: 7: 7: 7: 6-7: 7: 0: 2. Coxal chaetotaxy: 3: 3cs: 4: 4; coxae wth 5 dstally ncsed spnes. Heterotarsate. Dmensons (mm): body length ; pedpalps: trochanter / , femur / , tba 0.12/0.07, chela /O.O75-0.O85, moveable fnger length , hand length ; carapace 0.245/ Deutonvmphs: colour pale. Pedpalp: trochanter , femur , tba?, chela , hand tmes as long as broad. Fxed chelal fnger wth 6 trchobothra, moveable chelal fnger wth 2 trchobothra; esb, sb, sb and /; absent. (Fg. 17). Fxed chelal fnger wth 9 teeth, wthout ntercalary teeth, moveable chelal fnger wth 5-6 teeth, wthout ntercalary teeth. Chelcera wth 4 setae on hand; flagellum of 5 pnnate blades. Carapace tmes as long as broad; wth m4m: 4: 4: 2: 2 setae. Tergal chaetotaxy: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 2: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy: '? Coxal chaetotaxy: 2: 3cs: 3: 3; coxae 11 wth 4 dstally ncsed spnes. Heterotarsate. Dmensons (mm): body length 0.51; pedpalps: trochanter /0.05, femur 0.18/ , tba?, chela / , moveable fnger length 0.17, hand length ; carapace / Etymology. "Kap" s the name used n the ancent Javanese book "Pustaka Raja" ("Book of Kngs") for Krakatau. "Kap" erupted n A.D. 416 (Judd, 1889). t s to be treated as an ndeclnable noun. Remarks. The "tubercle-lke sensorum" of the tp of the fxed chelal fnger reported for the male holotype of Lagynochlhonus baker (Chamberln) by Chamberln (1962) s present n all the males of the genus that have examned, yet s absent from the females. cannot detect a smlar structure n

12 Beer, Jung 120 M. S. HARM V t le males of varous speces of Tyrannochthonus vrannochthonm /oajm (Redkorzev) ] have examned, and thus the characte appears to be dagnostc fo males ol the genus / agynochtnonus. agynochthonus john (Redkorzev) ''-"' 7S / 1 ranno hthonus // a:- \ not hlhonusj john R 1966b: MO nochthonus john (Redkorzev) < hamberln, 1962 '14. Fgures < hthonusjohn Redkorzev, 1922: , fgs 5 9. ejea type materal Holotypc r, Sak, Sumatra, 21 \p O. lohn /l.'. not examned). Other materal examned lava Kulon, Pulau 1 gures Lagynochthonusjohn (Redkorzev). Fgs 23, 25,27,28, male. MH Fg. 24, male MH Fg. 26. trtonymph, MH g. 29, female, MH Fg. 23, gentala, ventral, detal oftrmd'v not shown n rgh half. g. 24, carapace. g 25, left chela, lateral. Fg. 26, leftcheta, lateral. Fg. 27, rght pedpalp, dorsal Fg. 28, rghl chela, dorsal. Fg. 2 C >, gentala, ventral. Scale lne 0.09 mm (Fg. 23), 0.20 nun (fgs 24 28), 0.06 mm (fg, 29).

13 PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS 321 Peucang, 5 45'S, 'E, ltter, 19 Sep 1984, 1 o\ 1 9, 1 trtonymph (MZB, 119-Q, MH , SL); same data, 1 cr, 2 trtonymphs (NMV, 119-AN, MH , SL). Dagnoss. The only other speces of the genus of comparable sze and wth such a slender chela are L. tonknenss (Beer), L. novaeguneae (Beer) and L. arctus (Beer). The latter possesses a much more slender chela, whle the other two have fewer teeth on the chelal fngers. Descrpton. Adults: colour pale yellow-brown, pedpalps and carapace slghtly darker. Setae acumnate. Pleural membrane papllo-strate. Pedpalp (Fgs 27-28): trochanter (a-), 1.76 (9), femur (a), 5.75 (9), tba (or), 2.38 ( 9 ), chela (cr), 5.85 (9), hand (cc), 2.74 (9) tmes as long as broad. Fxed chelal fnger and hand wth 8 trchobothra, moveable chelal fnger wth 4 trchobothra (Fg. 25); b and sb on dorsum of hand, st close to t. Hand wth 1 medal acumnate spne-lke seta at level of st. Venom apparatus absent. Chelal teeth: fxed fnger wth (cr), 19 (9) large, well-spaced, slghtly retrorse teeth, plus 7-8 (or), 9 ( 9 ) small ntercalary teeth between anteror teeth, and several low, rounded teeth basally; moveable fnger wth 8-9 (cr), 8 ( 9 ) wellspaced teeth n anteror half, plus 6 (or, 9) small ntercalary teeth between anteror teeth, remanng teeth low and rounded; termnal tooth of moveable fnger not appearng hooked. Fxed fnger wth small dstal sensorum near ds n male only. Moveable fnger longer than hand; hand strongly constrcted dstally; moveable chelal fnger wth large basal apodeme. Chelcera wth 5 setae on hand, all acumnate; flagellum of 7 blades; moveable fnger wth 1 seta; galeal regon a very low elevaton. Carapace (Fg. 24) (cr), 0.84 ( 9 ) tmes as long as broad; 4 corneate eyes; epstome very low, wth 2 closely appressed setae; wth 4: 4: 4: 2: 2 setae. Tergtes and sterntes undvded. Tergal chaetotaxy: cr, 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4-5: 5: 5: 4: 4: 0; 9, 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 5: 5: 5: 5: 4: 4: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy: cr, 10-11: (4)30-31 [8] (4): (4)7-8(4): 9-10: 9-10: 9: 9-10: 9: 9: 4: 2; 9, 11: (4)10(4): (4)6(4): 9: 9: 9: 9: 9: 7: 4: 2. Coxal chaetotaxy: cr, 9, 3: 4cs: 5: 5; coxae wth 9-10 ( a, 9 ) dstally ncsed spnes set n oblque row; ntercoxal tubercle absent. Gental opercula not unusual. Male gentala (Fg. 23): ejaculatory atrum large; lateral mdlne; lateral margn apodemes not meetng n of thckened roof of medan dvertculum only slghtly undulate. Female gentala (Fg. 29) wth ncomplete lateral apodeme frame; lateral dvertculum elongate, evenly covered wth crbrform plates. Spracles wth stgmatc helx. Legs: heterotarsate, arolum slghtly shorter than claws; claws smple. Dmensons (mm), o* ( 9 ): body length (1.195); pedpalps: trochanter / (0.185/0.105), femur / (0.575/0.10), tba / (0.25/0.105), chela /0.10 ( /135), moveable fnger length ( ), hand length ( ); chelcera / (0.36/0.19), moveable fnger length 0.16 (0.205); carapace / (0.345/0.41); leg : trochanter / (0.12/0.095), basfemur / (0.295/0.06), telofemur / (0.16/0.05), tba /0.04 (0.165/0.04), tarsus /0.03 (0.27/0.04); leg V: trochanter / (0.165/0.10), basfemur / (0.225/ 0.19), telofemur / (0.38/0.185), tba /0.06 (0.33/0.07), bastarsus / (0.155/ 0.055), telotarsus / 0.03 (0.34/0.03). Trtonymph: colour much paler than adults. Pedpalp: trochanter , femur , tba , chela 5.88, hand 2.82 tmes as long as broad. Fxed chelal fnger wth 7 trchobothra, moveable chelal fnger wth 3 trchobothra; sb and sb absent (Fg. 26). Fxed chelal fnger wth 16 teeth, plus 7 small ntercalary teeth dstally. Moveable chelal fnger wth 7-8 teeth. Chelcera wth 5 setae on hand; flagellum of 6 pnnate blades. Carapace 1.00 tmes as long as broad; wth 4: 4: 4: 2: 2 setae. Tergal chaetotaxy: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 5: 5: 5: 4: 4: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy: 5: (2)7(2): (2)6(2): 7: 7: 7: 8: 7: 7: 2: 2. Coxal chaetotaxy: 3: 3cs: 4: 4; coxae wth 6-7 dstally ncsed spnes. Heterotarsate. Dmensons (mm): body length ; pedpalps: trochanter /0.07, femur / , tba 0.145/ , chela 0.50/0.085, moveable fnger length , hand length ; carapace 0.25/0.25. Remarks. Lagynochtnonus john s the type speces of the genus and was orgnally descrbed from a sngle male collected from Sak, n east-central Sumatra (Redkorzev, 1922). Two other collectons have been recorded n the lterature as ths speces. The frst was a short seres from Java (Beer, 1930, 1932b), whch Chamberln (1962) regarded as representng a new speces dstnct from L. john

14 . Pulau 322 M. S HARM > whch he named /,. roewer < hamberln. Unlke ( hamberln, have had the opportunty to examne the type materal of /.. roewer whch s lodged n SMF. Chamberln's assessment s qute correct. The second collecton of /. john was.1 sngle female from the Phlppnes (Bcer, 1966b); the specmen was not descrbed. Whle have not had the opportunty to examne the holotype Of /.. john, the descrpton n Redkorzev (1922) s generally accurate and l have tew reservatons n assgnng the specmens from Ujung Kulon to ths speces. The followng ds crepences between Redkorzev's descrpton and the ljung Kulon specmens are noted: ( ) Redkor- zev ( 1922, n', s) depcted the epstome as.* la ge blunl tape/odal projecton, wth theantero eye placed at the edge ol the carapace. Redkorzev seems to have mstaken the posteror edge ot the chelcerae fo the anlero margn Ol the carapace and thus draw r the epstome t.u too large and the eves too close to the anteror margn ot the carapace. (2) he dentton ot the chehceral fngers s slghtly dfferent, but prefer to ascrbe ths to ntrasped flc varaton, especall) as the dentton vares wthn ndvduals. (3) The vcrv low carapaceal and tergal chaetotaxes recorded tor the holotype by Redkorzev (1922) s probabl) n reel and, as noted bj Chamberln (1962), setae may have been lost from from the specmen. agv nn lltonns thornton sp. nov. Fgures Type materal Holotype. Peucang, Kulon, lava, 5 4 s 's, , unde bark ol log on Fgures Lagynochthonus thornton sp. nov.. holotype female. Fg. 30, rght chela, dorsal. 1 g, 31, trochanter and lemur of rght pedpalp, dorsal. Fg. 32, left chela, lateral g. 53, carapace. Fg. 34, gentala ventral Scale lne 0.23 mm (fgs 30-33), 0.07 mm (fg. 34).

15 PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS 323 beach, 19 Sep 1984 (MZB, 17-C, MH814.01, SL). Dagnoss. Ths s the only descrbed speces of the genus wth a lanceolate chelal spne-lke seta. Descrpton. Female only. Colour pale yellowbrown, pedpalps and carapace slghtly darker. Setae acumnate. Pleural membrane papllo-strate. Pedpalp (Fgs 30, 31): trochanter 1.80, femur , tba?, chela 5.21, hand 2.64 tmes as long as broad. Fxed chelal fnger and hand wth 8 trchobothra, moveable chelal fnger wth 4 trchobothra; b and sb on dorsum of hand, st close to / (Fg. 32). Hand wth 1 medal lanceolate spne-lke seta at level of st (Fg. 30). Venom apparatus absent. Chelal teeth: fxed fnger wth 17 large, well-spaced, slghtly retrorse teeth, plus 9 small ntercalary teeth between anteror teeth; moveable fnger wth 7 well-spaced teeth n anteror half, plus 2 small ntercalary teeth between anteror teeth, remanng teeth low and rounded; termnal tooth of moveable fnger not appearng hooked. Fxed fnger wthout dstal sensorum near ds. Moveable fnger approxmately same length as hand; hand constrcted dstally; moveable chelal fnger wth large basal apodeme. Chelcera wth 5 setae on hand, bs lanceolate, remander acumnate; flagellum of 8 blades; moveable fnger wth 1 seta; galeal regon a very low elevaton. Carapace (Fg. 33) 0.87 tmes as long as broad; 4 corneate eyes; epstome very low, wth 2 closely appressed setae; wth 4: 4: 4: 2: 2 setae. Tergtes and sterntes undvded. Tergal chaetotaxy: 4: 4: 4: 4: 5: 7: 6: 6: 5: 4: 4: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy: 10: (4)8(4): (3)6(3): 10: 10: 11: 11: 1 1: 9: 0: 2. Coxal chaetotaxy: 3: 4cs: 5: 5; coxae wth 8 dstally ncsed spnes set n oblque row; ntercoxal tubercle absent. Gental opercula not unusual. Female gentala (Fg. 34) wth rounded lateral apodeme frame, the base of whch appears to possess muscle attachment stes; lateral dvertcula moderately large wth lateral crbrform plate on posteror half; posteror dvertculum moderately large. Spracles wth stgmatc helx. Legs: heterotarsate, arolum slghtly shorter than claws; claws smple. Dmensons (mm): body length 1.13; pedpalps: trochanter 0.18/0.10, femur /0.095, tba?/?, chela /0.14, moveable fnger length , hand length ; chelcera 0.33/0.18, moveable fnger length 0.20; carapace 0.345/0.395; leg : trochanter 0.1 1/0. 10, basfemur 0.295/0.065, teloremur 0.155/0.05, tba 0.16/0.04, tarsus 0.305/0.035; leg V: trochanter?/?, basfemur 0.225/0.20, telofemur 0.33/0.185, tba 0.32/0.07, bastarsus 0.15/0.055, telotarsus 0.34/ Etymology. The specfc epthet s for Prof..W.B. Thornton, leader of the La Trobe Unversty Krakatau Expedtons. Remarks. The lanceolate form of both the spnelke chelal seta and chelceral seta bs are unque. Lagynochthonus hamatus sp. Fgures nov. Type materal. Holotype 9, 7.5 km W of Lwa, Sumatra, 5 04'S, 'E, 730 m, ltter, 1 Sep 1984 (MZB, 91-M, MH807.14, SL). Paratypes: 1 9 (wthout pedpalps), 1 trtonymph, same data as holotype (9 n NMV, K743, trtonymph n MZB, 91-M, MH , SL). Dagnoss. Ths s the only speces of the genus wth a dstnctly hooked termnal tooth of the moveable chelal fnger. Descrpton. Female only. Colour pale yellowbrown, pedpalps and carapace slghtly darker. Setae acumnate. Pleural membrane fnely papllate. Pedpalp (Fgs 36, 37): trochanter 1.71, femur 5.64, tba 2.20, chela 5.65, hand 2.40 tmes as long as broad. Fxed chelal fnger and hand wth 8 trchobothra, moveable chelal fnger wth 4 trchobothra; b and sb on dorsum of hand, S close to t (Fg. 38). Hand wth 1 medal spne-lke seta at level of st. Venom apparatus absent. Chelal teeth: fxed fnger wth 15 large, well-spaced, slghtly retrorse teeth, plus 5 small ntercalary teeth between anteror teeth; moveable fnger wth 6 wellspaced teeth n anteror half, seventh tooth rounded, remanng teeth low and rounded; dstal end of moveable fnger wth hooked termnal tooth (Fg. 39). Fxed fnger wthout dstal sensorum near ds. Moveable fnger longer than hand; hand constrcted dstally; moveable chelal fnger wth large basal apodeme. Chelcera wth 5 setae on hand, all acumnate; flagellum of 7 blades; moveable fnger wth 1 seta; galeal regon a low elevaton. Carapace 0.98 tmes as long as broad; 4 eyes, anteror par corneate, posteror par represented by fant eye spots; epstome very low, wth 2 closely appressed setae; wth 4: 4: 4: 2: 2 setae. Tergtes and sterntes undvded. Tergal chaetotaxy: 4: 4-5: 5-6: 5-6: 6: 6: 6: 7: 6: 4: 4: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy: 10-11: (4)10-14(4): (4)9-1 1(4): 9-10: 10-11: 10: 11:9-10: 9: '?: 2. Coxal chaetotaxy: 3-4: 4cs: 5: 5; coxae wth 7 dstally ncsed spnes set n oblque row; ntercoxal tubercle absent. Gental opercula not unusual. Female gentala (Fg. 35) wth thckened lateral apodeme frame; lateral dvertculum ovod, nearly completely covered wth lateral crbrform plates. Spracles wth stgmatc helx. Legs: heter-

16 55 claw 324 M. S. ARVV 19. Lagynochthonus hamatus sp. no\, holotype female. Fg. 55, gentala, ventral. Fg. 36, rght chela, dorsal. Fg. 57, trochanter, femu and tba ol rght pedpalp, dorsal. chela, lateral. f. 59, dstal end of moveable fnge ol left chela, lateral Scale lne 0.06 nun (fgs 55, 59), 0.20 mm (fgs 36 ; - otarsate; arolum slghtl) shorter than claws ; s smpl Dmensons (mm): both length 0.87; pedpalps: trochanter , femur , tba chela o.o, moveable fnge length 0.315, hand length 0.24; chelcera \ moveable lnger length 0.14; carapace ; leg : trochanter 0.O , basfemu , telofemur??, tba , tarsus ; leg V: trochanter , basfemur , telofemur , tba 0.235/0.055, hastarsus 0.11/0.045, telotarsus Trtonymph: Colour much paler than adults. Pedpalp: lemur 5.30, chela 6. OS, hand 2.77 tmes as long as broad. Fxed chelal fnger wth 7 trchobothra, moveable chelal fnger wth 3 trchobothra; sh and sb absent. Fxed chelal fnger wth 13 teeth, plus 2 small mtercalar\ teeth dstally. Chelcera wth 5 setae on hand: flagellum of 7 pnnate blades. Carapace 1.00 tmes as long as broad; wth 16 setae, ncludng 4 on anteror margn and 2 on posteror margn. Tergal chaetotaxy: 4: 4: 4: 5: 5: 5: 5: 5: 5: 4: 4: 0. Sternal chaetotaxy: 5: ')(»(' 6(1): S 7: 7: 8: 7: 7: 2: 2. ( oxa] chaetotaxy: 3: 3cs: 4: 4: coxae wth 5 dstallv ncsed spmes. Hcterotarsate. Dmensons (nun): bodj length 0.70; pedpalps: femur , chela , moveable fnge length 0.22, hand length 0.18; carapace Etymology. he specfc epthet refers to the hooked nature of the termnal tooth of the moveable chelal fnger (Latn hamatus, hooked). Ganpdae Gar\pus 1. Koch (anpus maldvenss Pocock Fgures Garypus maldvenss Pocock, UXU: , fgs la-e. Chamberln, 1930: 613. fgs s, l/.-beer, 1432b: 222. Beer, 1973: 45.-Mahnert, 9S2: 310. fg. 4. Type materal. Lectotype, [desgnated by Chamberln (1930: 613); see below] (BMNH, ,, Mdu Atoll, Maklve slands JC-516.O10O1-3, SL). Paralectotypes: 2,. same data as lectotype (BMNH,

17 PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS 325 Fgures Carypus maldvenss Pocock. Fgs 40-42, 45-49, female, MH Fgs 43-44, male, MH827.0!. Fg. 40, left chela, lateral, wth detal of mcrosetae on moveable fnger. Fg. 41, rght pedpalp, dorsal. Fg. 42, galea. Fg. 43, gentala, ventral. Fg. 44, gental opercula, ventral. Fg. 45, gentala, ventral. Fg. 46, gental opercula, ventral. Fg. 47, flagellum. Fg. 48, left leg. Fg. 49, left leg V. Scale lne = 0.66 mm (fgs 40-41, 48-49), 0.07 mm (fgs 42, 47), 0.10 mm (fg. 43), 0.17 mm (fgs 44-45), 0.20 mm (fg. 46).

18 - 1 trochanter 18 nun »26 M S HAKVA , 48, J< , S and SP) Othe materal examned. Krakatau slands. Rakata, Zwarte Hoek, 6 Q9S, ^, unde barl of dead &» rngtona asatca on beach, 15 Sep 1984,,,. n /MB. r m NMV, 172-M, MH , s Dagnoss. Wthoul a complete revson of the Asan and Australan speces assgned to ls genus, t s mpossble to dstngush G. maldvenss satsfactorly from othe descrbed speces (see Remark \ below ). Descrpton. Colour: chela dark red-brown, remander of pedpalps, carapace and tergtes yellow brown. Setae acarnate, general!) accula and Straght, those ol [ergtes, carapace and pedpalps often thcker and slght!) curved. Pleural membrane wrnkled plcate, la< \ ng nvestng setae. Pedpalp (Fg. 41) trochanter ), ( ; ). lemur ') (9), tba ") ( ;. chela. ). chela (Wth pedcel) 4. Ml ( ). 3 60! 87 (Wthout pedcel) 4.36 t), V (, ) lmes as long as broad. xed chela fnger wth 8 trchobothra, moveable chela! fnger wth 4 trchobothra; eb, esb and s/ n straght row. vrtual!) equdstant, b and st adjacent, wth b dorsal to st, est, ll and el n dstal thrd ol fnge, t closer to el than to erf, b and tb basal. «slghtly closer to sb than to t; patch ol 6 lanceolate setae stuated near />. and n near f(fg. 40). Venom apparatus present n both lngers, termnatng n nodus ramosus near t n fxed fr and proxmal to t n moveable fnge. ( 'helal teeth numerous, close!) spaced and slghtl) retrorse. Chelcera wth 5 setae on hand,.ll u umnate; se rula exteror wth 26 1 r), blades; flaj lum of three blades, all wth accessor) spmles 1 1 g 47); moveable fnger wth l seta; galea or male bfd, of female lone wth 5 6 dstal ram (Fg. 42). Carapace 1.37 r), (9) nnes as long as broad; 2 transverse furrows present, anteror furrow very shallow; 4 eyes on ocula tubercles, posteror par slghtl) smaller than anteror parr. Tergtes ll X and sterntes V X wth broad dvson lee,ul chaetotaxy: r, 10: 11: 11: 12: 13: 14: 13: 15: 16: 16: 9: 2;,, S 10: 13: 13 15: 12 14: 14 15: 15-22: 16-18: 16 18: 18-19: 15 16: 8-10: 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: r, 23: (0)7 [21] (0); (0)9(0): 10: 14: 15: 12: 12: 5: 4: 2;?, 10 14: (0)7 8(0): (0)7-12(0): M-13: 14-20: 16-17: 15-17: 14-17: 14: 8 10: 2. Coxa! chaetotaxv: -. 7 S: 9-10: 10: 18; v : : 11-15: Coxa V wder than coxa 1. Male genual opercula (Fg. 44): anteror operculum wth vers fant medal suture, posteror Operculum narrow, female gental opercula (1 g. 46) wth ncomplete, very lamt medal sutures. Male gentala (fg. 43): lateral apodeme wng-shaped; antero apodeme lobed; dorsal apo- " large; lateral rod moderately thn, ejaculatory atrum large, female gentala (fg. 45): medan crbrform plate apparent!) of 1 large plate wth mam fragmented regons of pores; muscle attachment plates present; spermathecae absent. Spracles lackng stgmatc helx. egs (fgs 48, 49): haslemur ol legs and much longer than lelofemur; dplotarsate, dvson between bastarsus and telotarsus slghtly oblque; arolum shorter than claws; claws smple. Anal plate completely surrounded by stctnue X. Dmensons (mm), t (, ): body length 3.81 ( ); pedpalps: trochanter ( ), femur ( ), tba l ), chela (wth pedceh (2.9! ), chela (wthout pedcel) 2. s (2. SO 3.00), moveable lnger h l 29( ), hand length 0.86 ( ); chelcera ( ), moveable lnger length ( ); carapace ( » ), cucullus length 0.21 h ). ocular breadth ( ), anteror eye 0.12 n ), posteror eye 0.10 ( ); leg ( ), S7 165 ( ), telofemu ( ), tba ( ), bastarsus U ll 09 n 44-: U ), telotarsus (0 13! ); leg V: trochante ( ), basfemur ( " telofemu (1.07 l ), tba ( ) bastarsus ( ) n n ). Remarks Pococl (1904) dd not desgnate a holotype lot Garypus maldvenss n the orgnal descrpton, but Chamberln (1930), havng examned the type specmens, nomnated one as the holotype. PkS there s no reason to suppose that Pocock regarded ths specmen as the holotype, t must be regarded as a lectotypc desgnaton (Artcle "4b, nternatonal Code o( Zoologcal Nomenclature, thrd edton). fhete appears to be a certan amount ol confuson regardng the classfcaton of the Asan and Australan speces o Garypus, manly due to the small sample szes (only G.japonku Beer appears to have been collected on a frequent bass). Most

19 PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS 327 speces have been dstngushed on the relatve szes of the palpal segments, but untl detaled work such as that by Wagenaar Hummelnck (1948) and Lee (1979) s completed, dentfcatons must reman tentatve. Nevertheless, the par from Rakata are very smlar to the types of G. maldvenss and are undoubtedly conspecfc. The detaled structure of the male gentala may serve to adequately dstngush speces, but the only other fgure of a Garypus speces s that of G. beauvos (Audoun) by Vachon (1938, fg. 40) whch s radcally dfferent to that of G. maldvenss. Due to the presence of spnose flagellar blades, mcrosetae dorsal to b, only slghtly oblque tarsal dvsons and the absence of nvestng setae from the pleural membrane, Garypus maldvenss belongs to the "gganteus" speces-group as defned by Lee (1979). Sr Ths speces has only been found on Mdu Atoll, Lanka and now, Krakatau. Geogarypdae Geogarypus Chamberln Geogarypus javanus (Tullgren) Fgures Garypus javanus Tullgren, 1905: Tullgren, 1907: 66.-Ellngsen, 1910: 388. Geogarypus formosanus Beer, 1931: , fg. 10. Syn. nov. Geogarypus (G.) formosanus. Beer, 1932b: , fg Geogarypus (G.) javanus. Beer, 1932b: , fg Geogarypus audy Beer, 1952: , fg. 6. Syn. nov. Fgures Geogarypus javanus (Tullgren). Fgs 50, 54, holotype male. Fgs 51, 53, male MH Fg. 52, trtonymph MH Fg. 50, left pedpalp, dorsal. Fg. 51, left chela, lateral. Fg. 52, left chela, lateral. Fg. 53, left leg V. Fg. 54, left leg. Scale lne = 0.28 mm (fg. 50), 0.25 mm (fgs 51-54).

20 l l,, (NM\ Ja 179 Vudj nda 1967,9 short 14-16: 0.34»2«\l S. HARM \ Geogarypus avanus Beer, 1953: 82 W 1959: 115,-Morkawa, 1963; 6 7.-B«er, 1982: 13 Geogarypus (G.)javanus formosanus. Beer, 1957: 21 24, fgs 9a b, 10b d, lla d, 2e-f, wypus (G.Jjavanus audy Beer, 1957: 25 (key), Geogarypus (G.) avanus avanus. -Beer, 19 (ke Geogarypus (G.) elegans audy Beer, 1963:507 KM f ''..-' ypus avanus avanus, Beer, 9 Beer. 1966a: 140. Beer, 1970: Syn n", \arypus (G.) avanus takenss Bee. //w Garypusjavanus 152, fg. holotype male, Butenzorg [now Bogor], Java, Farndetrtus, Mar 1904 (ZMH, SP). orj7?mj formosanus holotype ', rakao [nov Kaohsng], Formosa [now l"awan], 2"* an 1907, H Saute /\!l, SP) Geogarypus audy hotolyp umpur, Mala) s,. m nesl ut Rattus ratus dard (Jentnk) [the la m Beer's handwrtng, ndcates Rat sthehost] (Murdae: Rodenta), 8 Do 1949, (J k \H\\\ SP) ' w l /'" 1 ' avanus to holotyj Langs n. 65 km va,k, , ) Brongersma (RMNH, no 512, SP). Sertung, 0»A«m a/m'/ed Kra Ral Zware Hoek, ''<s, , 6. ' \ug nymph (MZB, 104 M. MH823 02, S 6 ns. ns 24 : s. beatng n tra:, 1985, - (MZB, 244 Bl Ml--.; Ol.SLJ.J Kulon, P Forest, l9sep O, MH8 ), data except henna' Pandanus sp. (M/l. 179-Y, M.m: 01, s ung Dagnoss, he small sze and unform colou ol the pedparps dstngushes ths speces From ts congeners. Descrpton. Adults: antero porto pace dark brown, remanng area whte; all pedpalpal segments brown. PerJpalp (Fg. 50): trochanter ( r),.so [.75 (r, >, remu ( (9), tba ), , chela (wth pedcel) ), chela (wthoul pedcel) ( < ', ), hand 1.61 < r), 1.64 [.65 1 Mmes as long as broad, lved chela] lnger wth B trchobothra, moveable chelal lnger wth 4 trchobothra; eb and esb basal, est adjacent to h, St mdway between \h and t (Fg. 5 1 ). External face Of lved fnger wth 2 pt-lke structures wth rased rms below esb and est. Venom apparatus present n both chelal fngers; nodus ramosus dstal. Fxed chelal lnger wth 33 ), ( 30(9) slght!) curved margnal teeth, and 6 (or), 10 ( ) nternal accessory teeth; moveable chelal lnger wth 33 (O*), 36 ( ) margnal teeth. Chelcera wth 5 setae on hand; ' l. serrula evlenor wth 16 '.. ) lamellae; tl u n 1 asptnose blade; moveable fnger wth dstal seta; galea smple, wth no ram. wth 9 12 r), 12(9) setae on posteror margn, ( -) t, tmes as on d; 4 corneate eves, approxmately of smlar Sze. - nl', and Semtes not dvded, but medan sernles vvh very tant suture lnes. Tergal cha. 12: 10-13: : 10 12: : 13-14: 11-12: 6 9: 6 8: 2;., : : l 12:11 13:11-14:3:14:12-13:10-12:8-9:6-8: 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: : (1)4-11 [2 4) j: (0)4(1): 12 : ): u (5: " 13-16: 14-16: 11-12: 6-10: 2:,. 8: (D2 3(1): (1)2 4(1): 8 10: 13 14: 12-14: 9-11: 15 17: 23 24;,. 9: 8: 2: 0, Coxal chaetotaxy: 7,6-8: 10 14: 17 ": 36 Gental smlar to those ol G, taylor Harvej (Harvey, 1986, Fgs 11, 13) Male gentala as n G. taylor (Harvej, 198( 12). 1 emale g< ttaha lateral crbrform plates elongate, medan crbrform plate. Spracles wth Stgmatc belx. Leg M 53 54): dplotarsate; basfemur of legs and longer than telolemur; arolum on than claws; claws smple. Dmensons (mn, - ): body ; length ( ); pedpalps: trochante (0.2S ). femur () ( ), tba (fl ), chela (wth pedcel) ( ), chela (wthout pedcel) ( ), cable fnger length ( hand le?~ ( ): chelc o. os ( ), fnger length ( ); K.ce 0.5O-0.575/O.515-O.625 (0.575^0.60/ 0.66-O.73), cucullus length ( ), 0.36( ), anteror eye (0.065), postero eye ,05 (0.06); : trochante ( ), basfemur 0, ( ), telolemur ( ) tba O ( ), bastarsus o.l ( ), telotarsus ( ); lee V: trochanter 0.20/0.115 ( )] basfemur OM ( ) telolemur ( ) tba ( ), bastarsus ( ), telotarsus ( / ) rtonymph: colour pale, but all pedpalpal segments brown. Pedpalp: trochanter femur

21 PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS , tba 2.74, chela (wth pedcel) 4.21, chela (wthout pedcel) 4.06, hand 1.76 tmes as long as broad. Fxed chelal fnger wth 7 trchobothra, moveable chelal fnger wth 3 trchobothra; sb and sb absent (Fg. 52). Serrula exteror of chelcera wth 13 lamellae; galea long wth 5 dstal to subdstal ram. Carapace wth 7 setae on posteror margn; 0.86 tmes as long as broad. Tergal chaetotaxy: 8: 7: 8: 9: 8: 8: 8: 8: 7: 6: 6: 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: 2: (1)2(1): (1)3(1): 8: 8: 8: 9: 6: 6: 2: 0. Coxal chaetotaxy: 5: 7: 9: 16. Dplotarsate. Dmensons (mm): body length 1.18; pedpalps: trochanter 0.20/0.125, femur 0.435/0.11, tba 0.315/0.1 15, chela (wth pedcel) 0.695/0.165, chela (wthout pedcel) 0.67, moveable fnger length 0.405, hand length 0.29; carapace 0.43/0.50. Remarks. The type materal of Garypus javanus, Geogarypus formosanus, G. aucy and G. javanus takenss have been examned and there can be no doubt that they are all conspecfc. The male holotypes of the three former speces are vrtually dentcal n sze; the holotype of G. javanus takenss s slghtly smaller, but well wthn the range usually accorded to speces. The male from Ujung Kulon s ntermedate n sze between the latter and the other three holotypes. can detect no consstent characters that would warrant the mantenance of separate speces or subspeces, and therefore reduce to synonymy the three later names. The male holotype of G. javanus was ncorrectly consdered by Tullgren (1905) to be a juvenle. Geogarypus mcronesenss Morkawa was descrbed from a sngle female from Marcus sland (Morkawa, 1952) and bears a strkng resemblance to G. javanus. t s of smlar sze (Morkawa reports a femur length of 0.66 mm) and were t not for a dfferently coloured carapace (Morkawa, 1952, fg. 4), 1 would consder them conspecfc. Examnaton of the holotype s necessary before a defnte decson can be made. Geogarypus javanus s wdely dstrbuted n South-east Asa and has been recorded from the followng countres: Thaland, Malaysa, Tawan, Papua New Gunea (New Brtan, Bsmark- Archpelago), ndonesa (Java, West Sumba, ran Jaya), Solomon slands, and many slands n Mcronesa. Geogarypus albus Beer Fgures Geogarypus albus Beer, 1963: , fg.!.- Tenoro and Muchmore, 1982: 382. Type materal. Holotype cr, Ranau Panjang, 8 km N of Klang, Selangor, Malaysa, ex nest no. 65 of Mcroscels olvacea Blyth (Pycnonotdae: Aves), 960, H.E. McClurc and Lm Boo-Lal (BPBM, 3464, not examned). Allotype 9, same data as holotype except nest no. 62 (BPBM, not examned). Paratypes: 1 9, same data as holotype except nes no. 26 (BPBM?, not examned); Cf, same data as holotype except 22 Feb 1961, nest no. 69 (BPBM?, not examned); 1 Of, same data as holotype except nest no (BPBM?, not examned); 19,1 deuonymph, same data as holotype except nest no. 193 (BPBM?, not examned). Materal examned. Java. Ujung Kulon, Cbunar, 6 48'S,!05"17'E, ltter, 20 Sep 1984, 1 9 (MZB, 18-B, MH817.01, SL). Dagnoss. The large sze and pale colour adequately dstngush ths speces. Descrpton. Female from Cbunar: colour as fgured by Beer (1963); chela dark red-brown, remanng pedpalpal segments nearly whte, even though some brown s apparent; legs banded as n Fgs Pedpalp (Fg. 56): trochanter 1.51, femur , tba , chela (wth pedcel) 3.96, chela (wthout pedcel) 3.81, hand 1.67 tmes as long as broad. Fxed chelal fnger wth 8 trchbothra, moveable chelal fnger wth 4 trchobothra; eb and esb basal, est slghtly anteror to f>, st slghtly closer to / than to sb (Fg. 55). External face of fxed fnger wth 18 pt-lke structures wth rased rms along face of fnger. Venom apparatus present n both fngers; nodus ramosus dstal. Fxed chelal fnger wth 36 well-spaced, slghtly retrorse margnal teeth, plus 15 nternal accessory teeth; moveable fnger wth 39 margnal teeth. Chelcera wth 5 setae on hand; serrula exteror wth lamellae; flagellum of 1 aspnose blade; moveable fnger wth 1 dstal seta; galea smple, wth no ram. Carapace wth 1 1 setae on posteror margn, 1.10 tmes as long as broad; 4 eyes, anteror par slghtly larger than posteror par. Tergtes and sterntes not dvded, but medan sterntes wth a very fant suture lne. Tergal chaetotaxy: 14: 14: 15: 18: 19: 20: 18: 16: 14: 12: 6: 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: 10: (2)2(2): (2)6(2): 16: 16: 1 5: 16: 16: 12: 2: 0. Coxal chaetotaxy: 8: 9: 16: 42. Gental opercula smlar to those of G. taylor (Harvey, 1986, fg. 13). Female gentala wth elongate lateral crbrform plates and 1 rounded medan crbrform plate. Spracles wth stgmatc helx. Legs (Fgs 57, 58): dplotarsate; trochanter and basfemur of leg V wth many long setae; basfemur of legs and longer than telofemur; arolum longer than claws; claws smple. Dmensons (mm): body length 2.67; pedpalps: trochanter 0.37/0.245, femur /0.205, tba /0.225, chela (wth pedcel) 1.485/0.375, chela (wthout pedcel) 1.43, movea-

22 530 M. S. HAKV-V g. 55, rght chela, lateral. g. 56, left pedpalp, dorsal. s 57, Fgures Geoga vpus albus Beer, Female, MH lef leg. g. 58, lefl leg l\ Scale lne 0.40 mm. ble fnger length 0.83, hand length 0.62S; chelcera , mmcablc Fnger length; carapace , cucullus length 0.21, ocular breadth 0.52, anteror eye 0.0S, posteror eye 0.075; leg : trochanter , basfemur , telofemur , tba bastarsus 0.225/0.08, telotarsus ; leg V: trochanter , basfemur , telofemur , tba 0.44/0.11, bastarsus 0.275/0.09, telotarsus 0.245/0.06. Remarks. Even though the specmen from.lava s slghtly larger than the types from Malaysa, t dentcal n all other characters of mportance, and are thus consdered conspecfc. Untl now, Geogarypus albus has only been known from the s t\ pe localty n Malaysa. Olpdae Amhholpum Smon \ml)l\ ulpn helum ('hamberln Fgures Amblyolpum hcllun ('hamberln, 1930: Beer, 1932b: Type materal. Holotype cr, Banda [Kepulauan Banda, Maluku, 4 35 S E1, Jm T. Mortensen (ZMC, JC , SL). Allotype 9, Tjbodas [now Cbodas], Java, 20 Aug Mortensen (ZMC. JC , S ). Other mau-nal examned, Krakatau slands. Rakata:

23 PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS dag 63 ^> 65 Fgures Amblyo/pum bellum Chambern. Fg. 59, male, MH Fgs 60, 61,63,64, female, MH Fgs 62, 66 male, MH Fg. 65, female, MH Fg. 59, carapace, dorsal. Fg. 60, left chela, lateral. 61, rght pedpalp, dorsal. Fg. 62, gentala, ventral. Fg. 63, left leg 1. Fg. 64, left leg V. Fg. 65, gentala, ventral. Fg. 66, gental opercula, ventral. Fg. 67, gental opercula, ventral. Scale lne = 0.25 mm (fgs 59-61, 63-64), 0.05 mm (fg. 62), 0.07 mm (fg. 65), 0.10 mm (fgs 66-67). Fg.

24 ,n n ). remande wth serrula helal, (MZB, bhnl tae : (0 trochanter 095), 532 M S AKM > Zwarte Hoek, 6 (WS, ds 251, unde barkof/7cussp., 12 Sep 1984,! r, ) ) (2 r, 2, n NMV, remande n MZB, 121 V. MH , S ): Owl Bay, 6 09'S, 1 undo log 16 Vug 198! r (MZB, 227-E, ']. Mllx7.o,s >. Panjang, 6 OS'S, unde barl ol Tmonlus compresscauls, 14Sep 1984, 2 f, 3, (1 \\K, n MZB, 172. MH SP); unde bark, 17 An- 1985, 237 MH868.01, S ). Dagnoss. On the bass ol the sze and relatve thckness of the pedpalpal segments (especally the chela), 4, &e//um most closely resembles 4, novae %uneae Beer. On the bass of the descrpton o the latte bj Unc (1971), the two cannot be ds tngushed. Descrpton < olou tan, carapace, pedpalps and tergtes slghtl) darke than sterntes and legs. Derm smooth, Pleural membrane longtudnal!) strate. Pedpalp (Fg. 61): trochante l, femur wth 2 dorsal tactle setae, ). J ( ). tba ( ,, chda(wth pedcel) >), 3.31 J.82 (, ). chela (wthout pedcel) ( ) (.1. hand ) ) Mnes as lone as hoad; hand as ons' as fngers. xed chelal fng 8 trchobothra, moveable chclal tn [( > h trchobothra; eb and cent, lghtlj closet to et than 1 n n esb, sb, s and t adjacent, sl slghtl) closet to t than to sb, and m separated bj only 2 a la dameters (Fg. 60). Venom apparatus present n both chclal fngers; venom ducts verj long nodus ramosus neat sb n ruted n s n moveable fnge xed fnge wth l $3 S6 r), (9) blunt margnal teeth; moveable fnger wth l > 22 '), 18 A\ ma gnal teeth. Chelcera wth 5 acumnate setae on hand, s and s th<. extero wth 17-18( n (9) lamellae; lamna extero ol chelcera absent; flagellum ol 4 blades, postero blade slght!) shorte than others, anteror blade wth several spnules on antero face; moveable fnger wth l dstal seta; galea wth 2 dstal and medal ram, nol sexuall) dmorphc. < arapace (Fg. 59) wth 4 ( t,. setae on posteror margn, ( -), (9) tmes as long as broad; 4 corneate eyes, anteror eye slght!) target than posteror eye rergtesll X and sterntes \ \ dvded, rergal chaetotaxy: f, 4 6: 4: 6: 6: 6-7: 6 8: 7 8: 6 8: 8 9: 10 12: 6: :,?, 4-5: 4 6: 6: T 6: 6: 6 8: 6 8: 7 8: 9: 10-12: 6-8: :. Sternal chaetotaxy: \M 16: (1)4-6 [4] (1): (1)7-8(1): 8-9: 8-11: 8-10: 8 10: LM2: 11-12: 6: 2;?, 6 10: (1)6 7(1): (1)6 8(1): s 10: 8 11:8 10: 8 10: 10 12: 12-15: 6 8: 2, Sterntes V and V wth a pa o! slght!) 'adjacent to mdln chaetota? 9:7-9:4 5. Male antcno gental operculum wth 2 groups ol small setae near postero margn, plus several la '!' setae d g. 66). emale gental operculs : 67) not unusual. Ma la (Fg 62) wth n plete lateral apodem unplete laf rod; dorsal anteror gland pared; medan gental sac sngle. Female gentala (1 g, 65) wth lateral crbrform plates and 2 rregula medan crbrform plates, 1 slghtly smaller than the other. Spracles wth barely vsble stgmt helx. ccs ( gj 63, 64): dplotarsate; basfemur ol legs and much longer than tclolcmur, juncton mmeablc; femur l\ verj deep; telotarsus twce as lone as bastarsus; arolum much longer than claws; claws smple; arolum dvded. Dmensons (mm), o* (?):bod) length (1 S8 2 20); pedpalps: trochante ), lemur (0 H D $ o ' tba ( ), chela (wth pedcel) ( ), chela (wth- 645 n 715 t" 685 B9), moveable (0 ; -)< 0.48) ngth ( ); chelcera c 18/ 10 (0 l" ; o.l ), moveable fnge length ( ); carapace ( ), anto o ' -0, 045), eye ( ) lec : trochante 0.10 basfemu ( ), telofemur o ( ), tba 0.18! 055 ( o.2o 05! 06), bastarsus (0 " ), telotarsus ( ); ce \ : ( ), baslemm OA' ( ), telofemur ( ), tba ( D 105), bastarsus /0.055 ( ), telotarsus ( / ms o.05). Remarks. here s consderable varaton n the sze 01 the palpal segments n the specmens examned durng ths study. The holotype s slghtly larj than the males from Krakatau, and the allotype s substantally larger than the females. n addton, the galea of the allotype lacks the medal ramus apparent n the remanng specmens. Ths suggests that the allotype may belong to a dl tcent speces.

25 PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS 333 Whle there are several localtes wth the name "Banda" n Asa, Dr H. Enghoff (UZM) nformed me (pers. comm.) that the holotype of ths speces was taken by Dr Mortensen on Kepulauan Banda n the Maluku group. Ths speces s known only from Kepulauan Banda, Cbodas and Krakatau. Beerolpum Heurtault Beerolpum oceancum (Wth) Fgures Olpun longventerl. Koch. Pocock, 1898: 323 (msdentfcaton). Garvpnus oceancus Wth, 1907: Kastner, 1927: 15. Horus oceancus. Chamberln, 1930: 600. Xenolpum oceancum. Beer, 1932b: 202. Beer, 1940: Beer, 1957: 16-17, fg. 6a. Xenolpum oceancum oceancum. Beer, 1957: 17. Xenolpum oceancum palauensebdev. 1957: 18, fg. 6b. Syn. nov. Xenolpum oceancum reducum Beer, 1957: 19, fgs 6c, 7a-b. Syn. nov. Xenolpum oceancum latum Beer, 1957: fg. 6d. Syn. nov. Beerolpum oceancum. Heurtault, 1976: 67, fg. 4. Type materal. Garvpnus oceancus: lecotype cr (present desgnaton), Funafut, [\V.J. Sollas (BMNH , SP). Paralectotypes: 1 cr, 4 9, same data as lectotype (BMNH, , SP). Xenolpum oceancum palauense: lectotype cr (present desgnaton), Auluptagel (Aurapushekaru), Palau slands, Sep 1952, N.L.H. Krauss (USNM. Type No. 2263, SP). Paralectotypes: 1 9, same data as lectotype (USNM, 2263, SP); 9, E. Ngatpang, Babelthuap, Palau slands, 8 Dec 1952, J.L. Gresst (USNM, 2263, SP); 1 9, Agrcultural] Exp[ermenlal] Staton, [Colona, Ponape], on rotten food, Gresstt (USNM, 2263, SP); 2 9,1 trtonymph, Oknawa, 7 Jun 1945, A.B. Hardcastle (USNM, 2263, SP); other syntypes from South Marana slands and Palau slands are apparently lodged n BPBM and FMNH (Beer 1957) but have not been examned. Xenolpum oceancum reducum: lectotype cr (present desgnaton), Hll 541, Kusae. 165 m, beatng, 23 Mar 1953, J.F.G. Clarke (USNM, Type No. 2252, SP). Paralectotypes: a, 7 9,1 trtonymph, same data as lectotype (USNM, 2252, SP); 3 9,1 trtonymph, 3 deutonvmphs, 1 protonymph, Hll 541, Kusae, 165 m, 1 Apr 1953, J.F.G. Clarke (USNM, 2252, SP); 1 9,1 1953, deutonymph, Mutumlk, Kusae, 22 m, 1 Mar J.F.G. Clarke (USNM, 2252, SP); 2 9,1 deutonymph, 4 protonymphs, Agrc. Exper. Sla., Colona, Ponape, woody compost, 17 Jan 1953, J.L. Gresstt (USNM, 2252, SP); other syntypes from Kusae are apparently lodged n BPBM and 1-MNH (Beer 1957) but have not been examned. Xenolpum oceancum latum: holotype 9, Lwejap sland, Lac A., Marshall slands, under rocks, dead leaves, 9 Jan 1952, F.R. Fosberg (USNM, Type No. 2265, SP). Paratypes: 1 trtonymph, Ebeju sland, Ujae A., Marshall slands, 8 Mar 1952, F.R. Fosberg (USNM, 2265, SP); 1 protonymph, Elluk sland, Utrk A., Marshall slands, 2 Dec 1951, F.R. Fosberg (USNM, 2265, SP). Other materal examned. Krakatau slands. Rakata, Zwarte Hoek, 6 09'S, 'E: under bark of Barrngtona asatca on beach, 15Sep 1984,5 9 (2 9 n AN1C, remander n MZB, 121-AU, MH , SL); under rocks n bat cave, 15 Sep 1984, 1 trtonymph (MZB, 121- AS, MH825.01, SL). Sertung, spt, 6 04'S, '- S'tL.Casuarna equsetfola ltter, 11 Sep 1984, 2 trtonymphs, 2 deutonvmphs, 1 protonymph (MZB, 151-D, MH , SL). Anak Krakatau, 6 06'S, 'S, ltter, 10 Sep 1984, 1 o\ 1 trtonymph (MZB, 109-M, MH , SL); ltter of alang alang [mperata cylndrca (L.) Beauv.], Aug 1985, 2 cr, 2 9, 3 trtonymphs, 3 deutonymphs, 1 protonymph (1 o\ 1 deutonymph n MZB, remander n NMV, 216-AG, MH , SL). Java. Ujung Kulon, Pulau Peucang, 6 45'S, 'E, beatng Pandanussp., 19 Sep 1984, 1 9 (MZB, 179-Y, MH SL). Dagnoss. Beerolpum oceancum s smaller than B. holm Mahnert, B. keroense Mahnert, B. lawrence (Beer) and B. ross (Beer), and s larger than B. clarum (Beer). t most closely resembles B. benot Mahnert, from whch t dffers by ts stouter chela, and B. tanense Mahnert, from whch t dffers by the more rounded chelal hand. Descrpton. Adults: pedpalps, tergtes 1-X and most of carapace dark yellow-brown, tergtes and posteror porton of carapace whte, sterntes and legs slghtly lghter. Derm smooth except for several small dentcles on nteror margn of chelal hand near base of fngers. Pleural membrane longtudnally strate. Pedpalp (Fg. 68): trochanter (o>), (9), femur wth two dorsal tactle setae, (o-), ( 9 ), tba (o-), (9), chela (wth pedcel) (o-), (9), chela (wthout pedcel) (o-), (9), hand (0-), (9) tmes as long as broad. Fxed chelal fnger wth 8 trchobothra, moveable chelal fnger wth 4 trchobothra; eb, esb and sb n straght lne at base of fngers, est closer to sb than to el, b and st adjacent, basal, t anteror to est; b, sb and st basal, sb and st adjacent (Fg. 70). Venom apparatus present n both chelal fngers; venom ducts short, nodus ramosus dstal. Fxed chelal fnger wth 24 (o- ), ( 9 flattened margnal teeth; moveable fnger wth 26 (o*), (9) margnal teeth. Chelcera wth 5 acumnate setae on hand, bs shorter than others; serrula exteror wth 18 (o -, 9) lamellae; lamna exteror of chelcera present; flagellum of 3 blades,

26 334 M. S. HARM V Fgures Beerolpum oceancum (Wth). Fgs 68-70, 75, 76, 78, female, MH Fg. 71, trtonymph, MH Fg. 72, deutonymph, MH Fg. 73, protonymph, MH Fgs 74, 77, male, MH Fg. 68, rght pedpalp, dorsal. Fg. 69, gentala, ventral. Fg. 70, left chela, lateral. Fg. 71, left chela, lateral. Fg. 72, left chela, lateral. Fg. 73, left chela, lateral. Fg. 74, gentala, ventral. Fg. 75, left leg V (wthout trochanter). Fg. 76, left leg 1. Fg. 77, genual opercula. Fg, 78, gental opercula. Scale lne mm (fgs 68, 70-73, 75-76), 0.10 mm (fgs 69, 77-78), 0.05 mm (tg. 74).

27 PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS 335 anteror blade longer and stouter than others, wthout spnules; moveable lnger wth dstal sela; galea of male smple, wthout ram, of female long wth 3 dstal ram. Carapace wth 6-8 setae on medan secton, 2 setae on posteror margn, (a), (9) tmes as long as broad; 4 eorneate eyes, anteror eye slghtly larger than posteror eye. Tergtes and sterntes not dvded. Tergal chaetotaxy: Of, 2: 2-4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4-6: 5-7: 6-7: 4-6: 6-7: 2; 9,2: 2-4: 3-5: 4: 4: 4-5: 4-6: 4-6: 5-7: 6-7: 7-8: 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: o-, 6-7: (0)3-4 [1-6] (0): (0)4(0): 5-6: 4: 4: 4 5: 6: 6: 7-8: 2; 9, 5-9: (0)4(0): (0)4-5(0): 4-6: 4: 4-5: 4: 6: 6: 7: 2. Coxal chaetotaxy: or, 4: 3-5: 5-6: 6-7; 9, 4-6: 4-8: 6-11:9-13. Gental operala (Fgs 77, 78) not unusual. Male gentala (Fg. 74) wth lateral apodeme and lateral rod fused nto broad plate wth large central hole; dorsal apodeme posterorly drected; posteror ventral dvertculum crcular; medan gental sac bfd. Female gentala (Fg. 69) wth small lateral crbrform plates and 2 medan crbrform plates. Spracles wth stgmate helx. Legs (Fgs 75, 76): dplotarsate; basfemur and lelofemur of legs and subequal; arolun longer than claws; claws smple; arolum undvded. Dmensons (mm), cr ( 9 ): body length ( ); pedpalps: trochanter ( / ), femur / ( ), tba / ( / ),.hela (wth pedcel) / ( / ). chela (wthout pedcel) ( ), moveable fnger length ( ), hand length ( ); chelcera /0.095 ( / ), moveable fnger length ( ); carapace / ( / ), anteror eye 0.06 ( ), posteror eye ( ); leg : trochanter / ( / ), basfemur / ( / ), telofemur /0.085 ( / ), tba /0.06 ( / ), bastarsus / ( / ), telotarsus / ( / ); leg V: trochanter / ( / ), basfemur / ( / ), telofemur / ( / ), tba /O.O75-0.O85 ( ), bastarsus / ( / ), telotarsus / ( / ). Trtonymphs: colour paler than adults. Pedpalp: trochanter , femur , tba , chela (wth pedcel) , chela (wthout pedcel) , hand tmes as long as broad. Fxed chelal fnger wth 7 trchobothra, moveable chelal fnger wth 3 trchobothra (Fg. 71); sh and sh absent. Serrula exteror of chelcera wth lamellae; galea as n female. Carapace wth 8-9 setae on medal secton, wth 2 setae on posteror margn; tmes as long as broad. Tergal chaetotaxy: 2-3: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4-5: 6: 6: 6: 2. Sternal chaetotaxy; 0: (0)4(0): (1)2(1): 6: 4: 4: 4-5: 4-6: 6: 5-7: 2. Coxal chaetotaxy: 4: 4: 3-4: 4-7. Dplotarsate. Dmensons (mm): body length ; pedpalps: trochanter / , femur / , tba / , chela (wth pedcel) / , chela (wthout pedcel) , moveable fnger length , hand length ; campace Deutonymphs: colour paler than adults. Pedpalp: trochanter , femur , tba , chela (wth pedcel) , chela (wthout pedcel) , hand tmes as long as broad. Fxed chelal fnger wth 6 trchobothra, moveable chelal fnger wth 2 trchobothra (Fg, 72); esb, sb, sl> and st absent. Serrula exteror of chelcera wth lamellae; galea as n female. Carapace wth 7-8 setae on medal secton and 2 setae on posteror margn; tmes as long as broad. Tergal chaetotaxy: 2: 2-3: 2: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4-5: 4-5: 4-5: 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: 0: (0)2(0): (1)2(1): 3-4: 2: 2: 2-3: 4-6: 6: 7: 2. Coxal chaetotaxy: 3: 2: 2: 2. Dplolarsate. Dmensons (mm): body length ; pedpalps: trochanter / , femur / , tba / , chela (wth pedcel) / , chela (wthout pedcel) , moveable fnger length , hand length ; carapace / Proonymphs: colour paler than adults. Pedpalp: trochanter 1.79, femur 1.44, tba 1.83, chela (wth pedcel) 2.83, chela (wthout pedcel) 2.58, hand 1.29 tmes as long as broad. Fxed chelal fnger wth 3 trchobothra, moveable chelal fnger wth 1 trchobothrum (Fg. 73); eb, et, s! and present. Serrula exteror of chelcera wth lamellae; galea as n female. Carapace wth 4 setae on medal secton and 2 setae on posteror margn; 1.00 lmes as long as broad. Tergal chaetotaxy: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 4: 4: 4: 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: 0: (0)2(0): (1)2-4(1): 2-4: 2: 2: 2: 2: 2: 4: 2. Coxal

28 Redkorzev margnal *), m V S. HARVEY chaetotaxy: 1: 1: 1: 1. Dplotarsate. Dmensons (mm): body length ; pedpalps: trochanter /0.07, femur 0.18/0.08, tba 0.165/0.09, chela (wth pedcel) 0.34/0.12, chela (wthout pedcel) 0.3 1, moveable lnger length 0.155, hand length 0.155; carapace Remarks. Beer (1957) utlzed the shape of the carapace and the number of carapacal setae to dvde ths speces nto lour subspeces. 1 have examned much of hs orgnal materal, ncludng the prmary types, as well as addtonal materal from Krakatau and do not agree wth hs conclusons. he shape ol the carapace s more varable than he stated, even wthn populatons, and the number of carapacal setae vares. ndeed, even wthn the type seres of X. oceancum reductum there s consderable varaton n the number of setae n the medan area, ncludng hlatc al \ ara lon n ndvdual specmens, as demonstrated for Beerolpum benot Manner! bj Mahnerl (1978, fg. 1). Thus, all of the subspeces descrbed by Hee (1957) are here s\non\ m/ed wth />'. oceancum. Holotypes were not desgnated fo Garypnus oceancus, Xenolpum oceank umpalauense and X. oceancum reductum bj ther authors, and ectotvpes have been nomnated heren accordngly. Wth (1907) suted tha fve males and sx fema were present n the type collecton o G. ocean CUS, but only two males and lour females were present n the BMNH collectons (Mr P. D. Hll yard, pers. west comm.). hs speces s wdely dstrbuted n the \san on from Samoa n the east to Krakatau n 'he w thdae Metawtbus Chamherln Melawlhus > ur Fgures (Redkorzev) Mcrowthus yur Redkorzev, , Fgs )5 J8. Beer, 1951; 104. Metawthus (McrowthlusJ yur 1954: 45. ). Beer, Type materal. Syntypes: 1 o*. Duong-Dong, le Phu Quoc (Dao Phu Quoc], Kampuchea, Feb 1930, C. Dawydoff (MNHN); 1 cr, same data except 25 Nov 1931 depostory unknown, not examned); 2 :t, archpel Poulo- Condore, Vetnam, 10 Apr 1931, C. DawydoFf (depostory unknown, not examned). Other materal examned. Krakatau slands. Rakata, south face, 6 10'S. 105 e 26'E, m, heatng, 25 Aug 1985, a (ANC, 224-GM. MH841.01, SL). Sertung, h OS'S, V.: under hark ot dead Flau 5p. on f ll Sep 1984, l ' (MZB, 151-R, MH S»; healng n rantorest, Sep (MZB, 151- ad, MH852.0! 02. s ); east rdge, heatng n ranforest, 19 ^ug 1985, l ' (NMV. 244 E. MH873.01, S Dagnoss. Males of ths speces are very smlar to three other speces tradtonally placed n the subgenus Mn rowthus Redkorzev based on the possesson of setal patches on sterntes V1-X: \4. ndcus Murthj and Ananthakrshnan (nda), M. ehamundenss Svaraman (nda) and M. bul Svaraman (nda). Unfortunately, the gentala ol these speces have yet to be descrbed and thus comparsons wth M. yur cannot be made. Descrpton. Colour: pedpalps, carapace and tergtes red-brown. Surfaces of carapace, tergtes and trochanter, femur and lba of pedpalps coarsely granulate; those of chela and sterntes smooth. Pleural membrane longtudnally strate, wrnkled. Pedpalpfl g. 81); trochanter ) fern r ( ), 2.~s.- ), tba or, ( r>), 2.4s ( ; K c hela (wth pedcel) 5.02 J.10 (),'(?), chela (wthout pedcel) (0*). 1 l ; ). hand :->.? ( 9 tmes as long as broad, fxed chela! lnger wth 8 trchobothra, moveable chela! fnger wth 4 trchobothra; eh. esb adjacent, basal, est mdway between esb and el. b, sb, st and t grouped together basally, b and sa adjacent, rt slghtly dosa to / than to sb (Fg. 80). Venom apparatus present n both chela! fngers; nodus ramosus near et n ( fxed fnger and between and tp of fnger n moveable lnger. 1 xed fnger wth teeth, moveable fnger wth ( "), 31 ( y ) margnal teeth, accessory teeth absent. Chelcera wth 5 setae on hand, bs and rfos dentculate, remander acumnate; serrula exteror wth '),'.'( v ) lamellae; flagellum of 4 blades, anteror blade wth 4-5 spnules on anteror face. remander smooth; galea long, wth 6 dstal to subdstal ram. Carapace wth 6-8 (cr), 5(9) setae on posteror margn; (c) ( 9 ) tmes as long as broad, wdest medally: 1 par of eye spots present; medan furrow present. Tergtes -X and sterntes Y-X dvded. Tergal chaetotaxy: cr, 8-9: 9: 9-10: 10-11: 10-12: 11-12: 10-12: 10-13: 10-11:9-10: 7-8: 2; 9,9: 9: 9: 14: 12: 14: 11: 13: 10: 11:8: 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: cr, 4: (1)6-9(1): (2)9-10(2): 15-17: 14-15: 10-12(12-14/11-17]: 10-13( ]: 11(10-13/12-15): 12-13: 9-11: 2; 9.0: 9: (1)8(1): (2)11(2): 16: 14: 14: 16: 17: 12: 12: 2. Sterntes V-1X of male wth pared medan sense patches (Fg. 84). Coxal chaetotaxy: o\ 6-7: 7: 7-8: 11-12:

29 PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS 337 ll 79 \\ 81 Fgures Metawthus yur (Redkorzev). Fgs 79-81, 84, male, MH Fgs 82-83, 85, female, MH Fg. 79, gentala, ventral. Fg. 80, left chela, lateral. Fg. 81, rght pedpalp, dorsal. Fg. 82, left leg V. Fg. 83, left leg. Fg. 84, setal patches on sternte X (setae on rght half omtted), ventral. Fg. 85, spermathecae. Scale lne = 0.14 mm (fgs 79, 85), 0.25 mm (fgs 81-83), 0.07 mm (fg. 84).

30 1 0, '..: unde remandc deutonymph, J38 m. s. harv \ 9,1:1: 5: 13. Gental opcrcula not unusual. Male gentala (Fg. 79): lateral rod Y-shaped; la apodeme elongate, wth lateral ehtnsed arch; posteror dvertculum of dorsal dvertculum rounded. Female gentala (Fg. 85) wth coled spetmathecae; glandular Strp adjacent to, and lyng over, spermatheeae; medan crbrform plates long and elongate, lateral crbrform plates ovod. Spra eles wth stgmatc helx, legs (Fgs 82, 83): monotarsate; juncton of basfemur and telofemur of leg slghtly oblque; tarsus V wth medan tactle seta, TS ( -), 0.5), : sul mmal tarsal seta smple, curved; aolum slghtl) shorter than claws; claws smple. Dmensons (mm), ty (?):bod) length (2.39); pedpalps: trochanter ( ), femu ( ), tba (0.54(1.22), chela (wth pedcel) 0.79-O (0.875?), chela (wthout pedcel) (OS ). moveable fnge len (0.35), hand length 0.44 (1.4- chelcea ( ), moveable fn h (0.16); carap ( ); leg : trochanter , (0 \ 0.095)! hastemur * ( )] telofemur ( ) tba ( O75), tarsus / (0.22/0.055); leg V: trochante (0 225 o.l 15)] hastemur / (0.19/0.13)] telofemur ( )] tba ( ) tarsus' ( ), dstance ol tarsal tactle seta from proxmal margn (0.175). Remarks. The coled spermatheeae ol M. vuran the frst such spermatheeae to be recorded n the Wthhdae, but the gentala ol most wthd speces have not been descrbed. have examned the syntypes of Metawthus murray (Pocock), the type speces ol the genus, (one male and one female, BMNH, ), but the nternal gentala were not examned n detal. t s apparent tha these specmens are not conspeefc wth the materal recorded n Wth (1906) from the Ncobars. Alcmndae Paratemnus Beer Paratemnus assmls Fgures Beer < helffe brmmcut rhorell: Tullgren. 1912:2' 1 - dentf al Paratemnus Assmls Beer, 19^2, 1: Beer, 1932c: 10. / vpe mat ra ectotype - (present desgnaton), kolambugan. North Mndanao, Phlppnes, 27 Jan Bottche (ZMB, 28430, SP) same data as lectotype (ZMB, pes: ' , SP);1 -.1?, Mommangan, North Mndanao, Phlppnes. 22 Feb 1915, BcHtche (ZMB, 2X432. SP); 1?. nsel Baslan, ll Dec 1914, Bdttche (ZMB, 28431, SP) am/ted. Krakatau slands. Rakata: Zwart Hoel. 09"S, F. n tent, 13 Sep 9J M/B MH822.01, S ; south rdge, 6,, m 105 2M. 100 m. beatng, 4 Sep 1984, ; (NMV, 7 K, MH838 01, S ; (259 m), ltt< r, 19 Sep tr! protonymphs (MZB, 40!, MH846 0] 03, s ), "Krakatau", Ma) 1908, 7 9,4 trtonymphs, [ll (RMNH, SP). lava, 2 km E of < arta, ' S ffs, 103 : "l. barl ol dead tree, ranforest, 26 Vug 1984, ',89,3 trtonymphs, 1 protonymph 1 trtonymphs, 1 protonymph n NMV, 2, n \M<. n M/n U5-H MH805 't 16, s and SP). Dagnoss, he only other descrbed speces of the genus Paratemnus wth mnute dentcles on the anteror margn ol the pedpalpal femur, but wth the other pedpalpal segments smooth 01 vrtually s P. ceyloncus Beer. from whch /'. assmls -1. dffers bj V the slghtly thnner let: segments [e.g. tba > tmes as long as (.. d]. Descrpton. Adults: pedpalps dark red-brown, carapace, legs and tergjtes lghter, carapace and tergtes ol smlar colouraton. Derm of pedpalps. carapace and tergtes farly smooth, except fo anteror face o( pedpalpal femur and. to a lesser extent, tba whch possess mnute dentcles. Pedpalp (Fg. 92): trochanter ( ( ; ), femur pedcellate (cr), (, ). tba pedcellate (a), (.chela (wth pedcel) (0-), ( ; ). chela (wthout pedcel) ,701! ), hand CO ( 9 ) tmes as long as broad. Fxed ehelal fnger wth 8 trchobothra, moveable ehelal fnger wth 4 trchobothna; eh and est adjacent, est slghtl) closer to esb than to el, b and s* adjacent, st and t adjacent, medal, b and >/> adjacent, s closer to sb than to t (Fg. 86) {st of 1 female on left chela near sb and b). Venom apparatus present n fxed ehelal fnger termnatng n nodus ramosus proxmal to et. Fxed fnger wth 36 (c), (9) margnal teeth, wthout accessory teeth; moveable fnger wth ( a ), ( 9 ) margnal teeth.

31 PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS 339 Fgures Paratemnus assm/s Beer. Fgs 86, 92, female, MH Fg. 87, trtonymph, MH Fg. 88, deutonymph, MH Fg. 89, protonymph, MH Fgs 90, 91, 93, 94, male, MH Fg. 95, female, MH Fg. 86, left chela, lateral. Fg. 87, left chela, lateral. Fg. 88, left chela, lateral. Fg. 89, left chela, lateral. Fg. 90, left leg 1. Fg. 91, left leg V. Fg. 92, rght pedpalp, dorsal. Fg. 93, flagellum. Fg. 94, gentala, ventral. Fg. 95'spermatheca, ventral. Scale lne = 0.35 mm (fgs 86, 90-92), 0.25 mm (fgs 87-89), 0.07 mm (fgs 93-95).

32 y.,9 te. 55; J40 \1 s HARVEV wthout accessory teeth. CheHcera wth 4 setae on hand, sbs absent, bs and es dentculate; serrula exterorof21 22(cr),20-23,) lamellae; flagellum of 4 blades, anteror blade wth several Spnules on anteror lace (Fg. 93); galea of male wth 4 dstal to subdstal ram, ol female wth 4 dstal and 2 medal ram. Carapace wlh 6-7 ((7), 6 9, ) setae on posteror margn, ( r), ) tmes as long as broad; 2 eve spots present; wthout furous, fergtes V'-X and sterntes \ \ Wth very tant dvson, tergal chaetotaxy: r, 8: 7 8: 7 s : 10 : 11 13: 11 13: 11 12: 11 14: 11-12: 12-13; 12: 2;?,8 10: 7 10: 8 11: 9-11: 11-14: 10-15: 12-15: 10 15: 15: 13-16: 10-14: 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: \ 16 18: (3)6 7[0](3): (1)7-8(1): 14-15: 13: 12 14: 13: 13-14: 14: 10: 2; 15: (2 )6 8(2 1): (1)7-9(1-2): 12 16: 13 16: 13 16: 14 16: 14 16: 14 16: 11-14: 2. ( oxal chaetotaxy: ' : 9: 6 9: 17 18; : 6 11: 6-11: 14-19, Gental op n ula nol unusual. Male gentala (Fg 94): lateral rod V-shaped; ejaculatory atrum moderately large mathecae ol l receptaculum, wth several crbrform plates externally (Fg. 95). (1 90,91): monotarsate; femoral juncton ol legs 1 and oblque; tba l\ ( U9 tmes as long as broad; subtermnal tarsal smple, curved; leg \ wth one tactl tally on tarsus; claws smple: aolum slghtly shorter than claws. Dmensons (mm). t{, : body length ( ); pedpalps: trochanter ( ), lemur ( ), tba ( ), chela (wth pedcel) ( ), chela (wthout pedcel) ( ), moveabl length ( ), hand length ( ); chelcera O , ( ), moveable lnger length ( ); carapace ( ); let- 1: trochanter ( ), basfemur ( / ), telofemur ( ), tba / ( ). tarsus ( ); leg V: trochanter ( S ), basfemur ( m. telofemur / ( ). tba ( / ), tarsus / ( / ). Trtonvmphs; colour pale. Pedpalp: trochanter , femur , tba , chela (wth pedcel) 2.7S 2.95, chela (wthout ped 2.83, hand tmes as long as broad; hand longer than fngers. Fxed chelal fnger wth - trchobothra, moveable chelal lnger wth 3 trchobothra; sl and \h absent dg. 87). Chelcera wth 4 setae on hand; serrnla exteror wth lamellae; moveable fnge wth 1 seta; galea long wth 3-5 dstal to subdstal ram. Carapace wth 6-7 setae onpostero margn; tmes as l as broad. Tergal chaetotaxy: 6-8: < :9-11: 6-10: 9-11: 8-11: 8-10: 10-14: 8 : 2. Sternal ehaetotaw: 2 5: (2 3)5 6(2 J): (1)5 6(1): 10-12: 7-11: 9-10: 10-11: 9-11: 10 13: 8 11:2. (oxal chaetotaxy: 6-8:4-7:4-6: Monota Dmensons (mm): body length ; pedpalps: trochanter femur , tba , la (wth pedcel) , chela (wthout pedcel) , moveable fnger length 0.445, hand length o.66. Deutonymph:, carapace Pedpalps: trochanter 1.81, lemur tba 1.88, chela (wth pedcel) chela (wthout pedcel) 2. "6, hand 1.46 tmes.s long as broad: hand longer l, lxed chelal fnger wth 6 trchobothra, moveable chelal a wth 2 trchobothra; eso, /v. roand st absent 88). Chelcera wth 4 setae on hand; serrula exteror wth 1" lamellae; moveable lnger wth 1 seta: galea long wth 3 dstal to subdstal ram. (.arapaee wth 6 setae on posteror margn: tmes as long as broad, let gal chaetotaxy: 6: 6: 6: 6: 7; 6: 6: 8: 8: 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: 1: (1)4(1): (4: 8: 7: 8: 7: 6: 8: 8: 2. Coxal chaetotaxy: 4: 4: 3: 6. Monotarsate. Dmensons (mm): bod> length 2.29; pedpt trochante , femu , tba , chela (wth pedcel) chela (wthout pedcel) moveable fnger length 0.315, hand length 0.335; carapace , Protonymphs: colour verj pale. Pedpalps: nantea , femur tba , chela (wth pedcel) chela (wthout pedcel) , hand tn.v long as broad; hand longer than fnger. Fxed chelal lnger wth 3 trchobothra, moveable chelal fnger wth 1 trchobothrum: eb, et, b and t present ( lg. 89). Chelcera wth 4 setae on hand; serrula exteror wth lamellae: moveable fnger wthout seta; galea long wth 3 dstal ram. Carapace wth 4-5 setae on posteror margn; tmes as long as broad. Tergal

33 . PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS 341 chaetotaxy: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4-5: 4-5: 4-5: 4: 4: 4: 4: 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: 0: (0)2(0): (1)2(1): 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 4: 2. Coxal chaetotaxy: 2: 2: 2: 2. Monotarsate. Dmensons (mm): body length ; pedpalps: trochanter / , femur /0.12, tba / , chela (wth pedcel) /0.18, chela (wthout pedcel) , moveable fnger length , hand length ; carapace / Remarks. Beer (1932a) dd not desgnate a holotype n the orgnal descrpton of Paraemnus assmls, and thus a lectotype has been selected and labelled accordngly. Three syntypes from Mommangan were not present n ZMB and could not be located for study. Even though there s a moderate amount of varaton n the sze of ths speces, all of the specmens examned possess fnely granulate anteror margns of the palpal femur and relatvely slender fourth tbae, and are thus consdered eonspecfc. The south-east Asan speces of the genus are badly n need of revson, and the key presented for the genus by Beer (1932a, 1932c) often reles on small dfferences n the sze or thckness of the palpal segments and legs. Even though have not been able to make comparsons wth other speces of the genus, the form of the male gentala may provde very useful characters wth whch to reanaly.se the specfc status of the speces wthn ths complex genus. The form of the male gentala of P. assmls appears to be more smlar to the atemnne genus Oratemnus and the Mratemnnae than to the atemnnes Atemnus and Ttanaemnus (Chamberln 1933, 1939, Vachon 1938). The orentaton of the lateral rod n Paraemnus, Oratemnus and the three mratemnne genera s probably plesomorphc, whle the form recorded for Atemnus and Ttanaemnus, wth ts reversed lateral rod (Vachon 1938) appears to be apomorphc. The male gentala of the other atemnne genera have yet to be descrbed. Tullgren (1912) recorded ths speces as Chelfer brmancus Thorell from Krakatau based on materal collected by E. Jacobson n have examned Jaeobson's materal and t s clearly not eonspecfc wth C, brmancus, now placed n the genus Catatemnus (Beer, 1932a, 1932c). Tullgren (1912) erroneously clamed that only nymphs were present n the Krakatau collecton. Chernetdae Haplochernes Beer Haplocherncs warburg (Tullgren) Fgures Chelfer warburg Tullgren, 1905: 42-43, fgs 3a-b. Haplochernes warburg. Beer, 1932c: 112, fg Wedner, 1959: Beer, 1965: Beer, 1973: 50. Type materal. Holotype 9, -lava, Nov 1890 (ZMH, SP). Other materal examned. Krakatau slands. Rakata, Zwarte Hoek, 6 09'S, 'E: 31 Aug 1984, 3 Cf, 1 9 (MZB, 104-8B, MH , SP); 22 Sep 1984, 1 9 (MZB, 122-BB, MH830.0, SL); beatng, 12 Sep 1984, 1 o\ 1 dcutonymph(nmv, 121-AC, MH , SL); n tent, 16 Sep 1984, 1 cr (AN1C, 121-AZ, MH832.01, SL); 21 Sep 1984, 1 9 (AN1C, 136-A, MH833.01, SL); on table, 12 Sep 1984, 1 9 (wth brood-sac) (NMV, 121- V, MH835.01, SL); on erryeans, 3 Sep 1984, 1 trtonymph (NMV, 172-AA, MH834.01, SL). Rakata: Owl Bay. 6 C '09'S, 'E, 22 Sep (wth broodsac) (MZB, 100-7B, MH836.01, SL); south rdge, 6"0'S, 105 c 26'b, m, beatng, 25 Aug cr (MZB, 224-GM, MH841.02, SP); 100 m, 4 Sep 1984, 19,1 trtonymph (MZB, 178-A, MH , SL); 850 feet (259 m), beatng, 19 Sep 1984, 1 9 (NMV, , MH845.01, SP); west rdge, 6'09'S, '-26'E, 250 m, on human, Sep 1984, cr (MZB, 177-N, MH847.01, SP); beatng, 1 deutonymph (MZB, 177-M, MH848.01, SL); 850 feet (259 m), beatng, 16 Sep 1984, 2 trtonymphs (MZB, A, MH , SL); feet ( m), beatng, 19 Sep 1984, 1 deutonymph (NMV, 107-3A, MH850.01, SL). Sertung, 6"05'S, 'E: 100 feet (30 m), beatng, ranforest, 11 Sep 1984, 3 a (NMV, 175-B, MH , SP); 250 feet (76 m), heatng, 1 1 Sep 1984, 9 (ANC, 175-A. MH , SP); ranforest, sweepng, 19 Aug 1985, 1 a (MZB, 245-HC, MH856.01, SP); ranforest, sweepng, 19 Aug 1985, 1 o- (MZB, 245- /), MH857.01, SP). Sertung, spt, 6"04'S, 105 '24'-25'E, beatng, Casuarna equsetfola, 18 Aug 1 deutonymph (MZB, 244-AO, 1985, 2 cr, 1 9, MH , SP). Panjang, 6 Q 05'S, 'E: beatng, 19 Sep 1984, 1 cr (MZB, 176-AA, MH860.0, SL); 16 Aug 1985, 1 cr, 1 9 (NMV, 234-DR, MH , SL); sweepng, 16 Aug 1985, 1 deutonymph (MZB, 235-CV, MH881.01, SP); 100 feet (30 m), beatng, 15 Sep cr (MZB, 176-A, MH , SP); 14 Sep 1984, cr, 1 trtonymph (NMV, 176-AB, MH , SP). Panjang, north, 6"05'S, 'E, beatng, 20 Sep 1984, 1 a (MZB, 138-4D, MH859.01, SP). Java. Ujung Kulon: C'daon, 6' 46'S, 105 5'E, on branch, 22 Sep 1984, 1 cr (MZB, 14-B, MH818.0, SL); Gtnung Payung, summt (480 m), 6 49'S, 105"6'E, beatng, 12 Sep 1984, 1 deutonymph (MZB, 64-3C, MH819.01, SL). Dagnoss. Wth ts very deep chela, smooth pedpalpal tba, yet dentculate anteror margns of femur and chela, ths speces most closely resembles H. bonnenss Beer whch s only slghtly smaller n sze. Descrpton. Adults: pedpalps and carapace dark brown, legs and tergtes lghter. Derm of pedpalps

34 342 \1. S. AKVV Fgures Haplochernes warburg (Tullgren). Fgs 96, , female, MH Fg. 97. trtonymph, MH Fg. 98, deutonymph, MH Fgs 101, female, MH Fg. 103, male, MUSS. 01. Fg. 96, left Chela, lateral. Fg. l>~, left chela, lateral. Fg. 9S, left chela, lateral. Fg. 99. rght pedpalp, dorsal. Fg. 100 Spermathecae, ventral. Fg left leg V. Fg. 102, left leg. Scale lne 0.25 mm (tes 96-99, ) mm (fg. 100).

35 PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS 343 Fgures 103, 104. Haplockernes warburg (Tullgren) com. Fg. 103, gental opercula, ventral. Fg. 104, gental opetcula, ventral. Scale lne = 0.07 mm. smooth, except for anteror margn of femur and nternal margn of chelal hand near base of fngers whch are fnely dentculate; carapace and tergtes slghtly rugose. Pedpalp (Fg. 99) very stout: trochanter (cr), (9), femur abruptly pedcellate (cr), ( 9 ), tba (cr), (9), chela (wth pedcel) (cr), (9), chela (wthout pedcel) (cr), (9), hand (cr), (9) tmes as long as broad, chelal hand very deep. Fxed chelal fnger wth 8 trchobothra, moveable chelal fnger wth 4 trchobothra (Fg. 96); eb and esb adjacent, est much closer to esb than to et, nternal seres basal, b and sb adjacent, s slghtly closer to sb than to / (one male s lackng sb and s from one fnger). Venom apparatus present n moveable chelal fnger termnatng n nodus ramosus proxmal to. Fxed fnger wth (cr), ( 9 ) margnal teeth, plus 5-7 (cr), 7-8 (9) external accessory teeth; moveable fnger wth (cr ), ( 9 ) margnal teeth, plus 5-8 (cr), 6-9 ( 9 ) external accessory teeth. Chelcera wth 5 setae on hand, sbs, bs and es fnely dentculate; serrula exteror of (cr), (9) lamellae; flagellum of 3 blades, anteror blade wth spnules on anteror margn, central blade occasonally wth dstal spnule; galea wth 6-8 ram, dstrbuted along length of galea, basal ram often longest, not sexually dmorphc. Carapace wth 6 (cr), 6-8(9) setae on posteror margn, (or), (9) tmes as long as broad; 2 eye spots present; 2 furrows present, anteror furrow moderately deep, posteror furrow shallow, closer to posteror edge of carapace than to anteror furrow. Tergtes V-X and sterntes V-X medally dvded, often slghtly. Tergal chaetotaxy: cr, 6-7: 6: 6: 6-9: 9: : 10-13: 12-15: 14-15: 12: 2; 9, 7-9: : 8-9: 9-10: 11-12: 12-13: 13-14: 13-15: : 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: cr, (2-3)8-10[5-7](2-3): (1)4-5(1): 11-14: : 13-17: 13-16: 14-18: 10-12:2; 9,22-23 (3)8-10(3): (1)3-4(1): 12-16: 14-16: 13-14: : 17-19: 13-14: 2. Coxal chaetotaxy: cr,9-ll 8-12:8-11: 13-18; 9, 10:9-12: 10-11:38-41 (the latter ncludes several setae on dorsal edge above pedal foramen). Male gental opercula as n Fg Female gental opercula (Fg. 104): anteror operculum wth tght, longtudnal cluster of setae. Male gentala not unusual for famly. Female spermathecae of 2 tubules endng n large nflated sacs (Fg. 100). Legs (Fgs 101, 102): monotarsate; femoral juncton of legs and oblque; subtermnal tarsal seta smple, curved; leg V wth 1 tactle seta medally on tarsus, TS = (cr), ( 9 ); all tars wth proxmal elevated slt sensllum; claws smple; arolum as long as claws. Dmensons (mm), cr ( 9 ): body length ( ); pedpalps: trochanter / ( / ), femur / ( / ), tba / ( / ), chela (wth pedcel) / ( / ), chela (wthout

36 >raemnu\., (MZB, ' MH839 ' '. 5., l trtonymph -.4 ' '44 M. S. HARVEY pedcel) ( ), moveabl length ( ), hand length ( ); chelcera ( / ), moveable fnger length ( ); carapa / ( ); leg 1: trochanter /0.095-O.105 ( /0.11), basferaur / ( / ), telofemur ( ), tba o ( ), tarsus ( ); leg V: trochanter ( ), basfemur ( ), telofemu ( ), tba ( ), tarsus o.2 7.s ( ), dstance Of tarsal tactle seta from proxmal margn ( ). 1 rtonymphs: colour paler than adults Pedpalp: trochanter , lemur , tba , chela (wth pedcel) , chela (wthoul pedcel) hand tunes as long as broad. lved chelal lnger wth " trchobothra, moveable chelal lnger wth 3 tchobothna g. P), { 1st and ;b absent S (1 exteror of chelcera wth lamellae: galea wth 2 3 medal to subdstal and 2 dstal ram. Carapace wth 6-7 setae on postero margn; tunes as long as broad, rergal chaetotaxy: 6-7: 5-6: 6 6-8:7-9:8-9:10:10-12:12:13 15:10 12: 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: 4 7: (2)5 6(2): (1)4 5(1): 8.2: 11-14: 12 14: 12: 12-15: 12 14: 10 11: 2. < OXal chaetotaxy: 6 8: 6 8: 6 9: Monotarsate. Dmensons (mm): bod} length ; pedpalps: trochanter " , femur , tba / , chela (wth pedcel) / , chela (wthout pedcel) mneable fnger length , hand length ;.pace / Deutonymphs: colour very pale. Pedpalp. trochanter lemur , tba , chela (wth pedcel) chela (wthout pedcel) , hand 1.33 f 1.38 tmes as long as broad, fxed chelal fnger wth 6 trchobothra, nun cable chelal fnger wth 1 trchobothrum ( g. 98); esb, st, sb and >/ absent. Sennla exteror of chelcera wth lamellae; galea wth 2 medal and 2 dstal ram. Carapace wth 6 setae on posteror margn; tmes as long as broad. Tergal chaetotaxy: 5-6: 5-7: 5-6: 6; 5 6: 6 7: '< 7: 8: 8 10: 10: 8: 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: 0: (1)4(1): (1)4(1): 6 10: 8 10: 8-10: 8 10:10:9 10:8 10: 2. Coxal chaetotaxy: : 5. Monotarsate. Dmensons (mm): body length ; pedpalps: trochanter / , femur / , tba / , chela (wth pedcel) ' , chela (wthoul pedcel) , moveable fnger length , hand length ; carapace / Remarks. Ths speces has also been reported from Sulawes, Papua New Gunea and Sr Lanka. Haploeherncs kraepeln (Tullgren) ares ;, ; Ellngsen, 1910: J67. Haplocherne kraepeln.- Brer, 1932c: Brer, 1957: 33. fgs 18a-b -Wrdner, 1959: 114. Type materal, 1 eaotype v (present desgnaton), Butcn- B /MH. SP). ; Paralccotypes: 4, pwthbro m nymphs, as lectotype (ZMH, SP); 2 ; (wth d-sacs), 2 7. same data as lectotype except Mar 1904 (ZMH, SP) \Ko ncluded n rhe syntype seres s a male proxmu Brer (Atemndae) (see below. Other materal examned ktak.ta slands. Rakata. south rdge. 6 ffs, 105 ff] : " 100 m, beatng, 26 Aug , S ; 400 ng, 24 Aug 1985, ' (MZB, 224-D, MH840.01, S ). Java. 1 km! ofcarta, 6 lets, 105 5CE, under bark ol tree, ranforest, Vug 1984, -.2, nnmv, ( ; n ANC. remander n MZB \. MH806 7, s Dagnoss, ths speces shares wth H. hebrdcus Beer a granulate anteror face of the pedpalpal femur and tba, and a smooth and vrtually cylndrcal chela. However, //. hebrdcus has a more slender chelal hand (1.82 tmes as long as broad) compared wth H. kraepeln ( tmes as long as broad). Descrpton. Adults: pedpalps and carapace dark red-brown, legs and tergtes lghter. Derm far!) smooth, except for pedpalpal trochanter, anteror face of pedpalpal femur and tba, and anteror porton of carapace, whch are granulate. Pedpalp (Pg. 109): trochanter (or), ( ). femur pedcellate ( y), (9), tba (CT), (9), chelal hand not partcularly deep, (a), ( 9), chela (wth pedcel) ( (9). chela (wthout pedcel) 2.~ (o-), (9), hand (0-),

37 PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS 345 ( 9 ) tmes as long as broad. Fxed chelal fnger wth 8 trchobothra, moveable chelal fnger wth 4 trchobothra; eb and esb adjacent, est much closer to esb than to et, t and st adjacent and close to b and sb, b and sb adjacent, st closer to sb than to / (Fg. 107). Venom apparatus present n move- Fgures Haplochernes kraepeln (Tullgren). Fgs , 109, 110, 112, female, MH Fg. 108 tnto nymph, MH Fg. ll, male, MH Fg. 105, left leg 1. Fg. 106, left leg V. Fg. 107, left chela, lateral Fg. 108, left chela, dorsal. Fg. 109, rght pedpalp, dorsal. Fg Spermathecae, ventral. Fg ll, gental oper mm (fgs 107, 109), cula, ventral. Fg. 112, gental opercula, ventral. Scale lne = 0.35 mm (fg ) 0.49 mm (fg. 108), 0.07 mm (fg. 110), 0.10 mm (fgs ).

38 ,, 10 l length xed 640 trapace v 146 M S HAKV V able chela! flnge termnatng n nodus ramosus near. Fxed lnger wth 52 ^7 ( r), 60 (, m t gnal teeth, plus g 9 (or, 9) external accessor) teeth; moveable fnger wth 51 63( r),58 67(9) margnal teeth, plus 4 9 ( ). 6 8 (9) external accessory teeth. Chehcera wth 5 setae m hand, bs, bs and es dentculate, fa and /\ longest; serrula exteror of (o-), ( 9 ) lamellae; fla lum of 3 blades, anteror blade wth several xpnules on anteror lace; galea ol male and female 1.27 tunes as smlar, wth 5 6 dstal to subdstal ram. ( arapace ) setae on posteror margn, wth 6 9(?), 6 ( ( r), 1.02?) long a broad; 2 eve spots present; wth medan furrow. Tergnes \ and stermtes \' X dvded, l\ chaetotaxy: r, 8-10: 10 13:10 13:12 15:14 18 f. S: 16 19: 16 19: 16 19: 15 20: 11 14: 2;, 10 12: 1(1 12: 11-13: 15: 16 f t): 16 20: 17 20: lo 14: 2. Sternal cha totaxy: f,20 22.(3)6 H[4-6](3):(l)5 8(1): 13 19: 16 20: 16-21: 16 20: 15 19: 16 20: ;.. P 19 (3)8 10(3) (K. 9(1): 17 22: 17 21: 17 21: 18 21: 18 20: 16 20: lo 12: 2. c oxal chaetotaxy: r, 12 16: 9-17: 11-16: 14 19; 14: 8 12: 9 13: Mal gental o en ula a nfg. ll. Female gental opercula as n l g 1 12 Mal gen la not unusual fo famly. en athe ae (Fg 1 10) wth 2 tubules termnatng nflated bulbs. egs ( gs!o\ 106) monotarsate; femoral juncton of legs 1 and oblque; leg V wth.k tle seta on tarsus, s ( r ).0 29 \] ; subtermnal tarsal seta smple, curved; all t.n wth proxmal elevated slt sensllum: claws smple; urn shorter than claws. Dmensons (mm).. : body length (2.47 j. 56); pedpalps. trochante ( / ), femur ( ), tba J45 ( ), chela (wth pedcel) ( ), chela (wthout pedcel) ( ), moveable fnger length ( ), hand leo ( ); chehce.a (0.25 o.2s ). moveal lnger length ().2() (0.1^ ); carapace ( ); leg : trochante ( ), basfemur ( ), telolennr ( ), tba ( ), tarsus / ( ); leg V: trochanter ( ), basfemur ( ), telolemur ( ), tba 0.47 o < ( ), tarsus ( ), dstant tarsal tactle seta from proxmal margn ( ). Trtonvmphs: colou pale than adults. Pedpalp: , lemur tba , chela (wth pedcel) , chela (wthout pedcel) S4. hand."3 1 tmes as broad chelal fnger wth 7 trcbobotl moveable chelal fnger wth 3 trchobothra tl g. 108); far and sb absent. Serrula a chehcera wth 18 lamellae; galea medal; te. each bfun n. h wth 2 dstal > wth 4 setae on posteror margn; tmes asl< as broad, lergal chaetotaxy: : 10: 14-15: 14 16: 14-17: 14 16: 16-17: 16: 12: 2. Sternal chaetotax) 5: (2)6(2): (1)6(1): 14: 14: 13: 15: 17: 14: 12: 2. (oxal chaetotaxy; 5: 7: 6: 9. Monota -ate. Dmensons (mm): bod) length ; lpalps: trochanter JO o ferau 0.42s , tba , chela (wth pedcel) , chela (wthout pedcel) , moveable lnger length , >: carapace o 61 Remarks. Due to the presence ol two speces n the syntype seres, a lectotype has been desgnated. The d speces, Oratemma proxmal Atcmmdae), htherto onl) been reported from Sumatra (Beer. 1932a. 1933) and M l anka (Beer, 1973), and ths s the frst record of ths speces from lava. \s the onl) measurements ot ths speces tha have been presented n the lterature are of the male holotype (Beer, 1932a. 1933). some measurements o\ the male from BogOT are gven (the ratos n parentheses): bod) length 3.13, pedpalps: lemur ' 0.26 (2.63), tba (2.12), chela (2.92), chela (wthout pedcel) (2.86), moveable fnger length Haplochernes kraepeln s known from.lava. Krakatau, the Palau slands and the Carolne slands n Mcronesa. Alloehernes Beer Allochernes Hwa sp. Type materal. Holotype.. s (4 s, tgures nov.. 3 km w ol Lwa, Sumatra, Sen m. beatng a 1984 (MZB, 11-7G, MH810.01, S.

39 PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS 347 Fgures Allochernes lwa sp. nov. Fgs , 1 19, holotype female. Fg. 118, paratype male, MH Fg. 113, rght pedpalp, dorsal. Fg. 114, left ehela, lateral. Fg. 115, left leg. Fg. 1 16, left leg V. Fg. 117 Spermatheca'e. Fg. 1 18, gental opereula. Fg. 119, gental opercula. Scale lne mm (fgs ), 0.07 mm (fg. 117), 0.09 mm (fgs ).

40 . 22 ( ; of. same lwa Beer, ), 14S M s HARV] -. Paratypes: Q, l r data as holol tpt NMV, K744, Cf n M/B, 7G, MH , S n Dagnoss, Wthout a complete revson <> Asan members o ths genus, l s dffcull to assess the relatonshps of ths speces. t dffers from other speces of the genus by the shape and sze o! pedpalpa segments. Descrpton, the Pedpalps deep red-brown, carapace, legs and tergtes lghter. Derm of pedpalps. a pace and tergtes slghtly granulate. Pedpalp ( : 113): trochanter 1.60 ( ') " ( strongly pedcellate ( n, < pedcellate 2.19 (o*>, pedcel) 3.19 ( r), J ( ). temur.. chela (wth,. chela (wthout pedcel) ). ( (9), band ') (9) tmes as long as broad. xed chelal Rng ". th 8 trchobothra, able chela! lnger wth 4 trchobothra; st slghtly anteror to est, /*>/ slghtly closet to t than st (Fj 114). Venom apparatus present n mneable chelal lnger termnatng n nodus ramosus proxmal to t xed fnger wth 37 (, ) margnal teeth, plus 5 6 external and 2 nternal accessor) teeth; moveable fn wth 42 (? ) margnal teeth, plus 3 external and 1 nternal accessor) teeth, Chelcera wth 5 setae on hand, s/n and bs dentculate, one specmen has an extra seta between h and s/n on one chelcera; SCTtula exteror o\ (or), (9) lamellae: Hum o 3 blades, anteror hkuk and wdest, fust 2 wth spnules on antero face, lasl termnal!) bf male smple. o( female wth 2 dstal. 3 medal and 1 basal ram. wth S ( r), 9 ; ) tmes as long as bo ( l.(t [.08 ( 2 eye spots present, barely dscerrubl. posteror transverse furrow close to posteror ma carapace than to anteror furrow, fergtes l-\ and sterntes V-X wth broad dvson, le chaetotaxv: t, 11: 12: : 15: 15: 15: 15: 14 14: 8: 2; ;. 14: 13 14: 13; 19 20: X: 16- N: S 20: 16-19: 16-18: 14 15: 6: 2. Sternal chaetotaxv: or, 33: (3)10(4 (2): (2)6(2): 16: 19: S: 16: 17: 14: S. 2; 25: (2)5(2): (2)4-6(2): 15-17: 23 24: 22-24: 21-22: 20: 15-16: 8-10: 2. ( oxal chaetotaxv: o\ 14: 14: 18:28; v : 14-18:22-23:42 45 (the latter ncludes several setae on dotsa! edgeabove pedal foramen). Male gental opercula (1 118) wth 2 pars of long thck setae, remanng setae normal. Female gental opercula (Fg. 119) wth mostly short setae. Male gentala not unusual for famly. Female gentala wth long, T-shaped spermathecae (Fg. 117). legs (Fgs ): monoarsate; femoral juncton of legs and oblque; subtermnal tarsal seta curved smple; all tars wth proxmal elevated slt sensllum; claws smple; arohutr as long as claws; leg V wthout tactle setae, although a medum-s/ed 'pseudotactle' seta s present dtstally. Dmensons (mm), ' ( }): body length 1.92 ( ); pedpalps: trochanter K / ). femur 0.63 o ; 85 o ), tbao ( ), chela (wth pedcel) ( ), chela (wthout pedcel) ( ), moveable lnger length ( ), hand length ( ); chelcera ( ), moveable lnger length ( ); carapace o ( ); leg : trochante 0.13/0.11 ( / ), basfemu s ( ? 0.145), telofemu ( ), tba ( tarsus ( ); leg V: trochanter ( ), basfemu : ( ), telofemu ( ^ 0.175), tba ( ), tarsus ! )6 08) Remarks. Even though speces of the predomnatel) ur emu Atlocnernes have been recorded trom some of the more northern \ tan countres such as Nepal. Chna and Japan. s the frst speces o the genus to be ded from south-east Asa. \ erracacherues Chamberln \ rrucachernes oca Chamberln 1 gures Verrucacherm >ca ( lambertn, 1947: , la : 39 40, fgs 23a J. -Beer. 1965: W Beer, 1966a: 147. Beer, 1970: 124 Wh ' h ats Beer, 1951: 92-93, Rg. 27. Beer, 1973; 51 Syr \/;, rth herm - nsutaru Beer, 1953; 84 86, tg. 4. Syn, no\ Yerrucachernes orerttats. Bec, 1957 K) emu at hemes nsulars. - Beer, 1957: 40. Type materal. Verrucachernes oca: holotype T, 1 Pont, Guam, 10 Kxtg 1945, Frtts (JO.'. J< , not examned) Paratypes: trtonymph, same data as hototype (JCC?, JC , not examned): l trtonymph, same data except Sep 1945, G.W. Wharton (JCC?, JC H4(K)]. not examned). Wcrocherna orentats: lectotype, (presen destnaton), Haren [Ha Ten), Vetnam, Mar 1939," Dawydofl (NMHW, SP). C Paralectotypes: l 9. 2 a, same data as lectotype

41 PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS 349 Fgures Verrucachernes oca Chamberln. Fgs 120, 122, 124, 125, 127, female, MH Fg. 121, trtonymph, MH Fgs 123, 126, male, MH Fg. 120, left chela, lateral. Fg. 121, left chela, lateral. Fg. 122, rght pedpalp, dorsal. Fg. 123, left leg. Fg. 124, left leg V. Fg. 125, spermathecae. Fg. 126, gental opercula. Fg. 127, gental opercula. Scale lne = 0.20 mm (fgs ), 0.06 mm (fg. 125), 0.07 mm (fgs ).

42 Ream ',3 Dawydofl. ran. Sep.' t.; m ' (MZB, nus, m (present lands, 2, tba ) (MZB, tunes ' 18! - ( tactle M. S. HAKV \ (NHMW, SP); r, Sr mbell [Srf \mbel], ( amboda [now Kampuchea], Ma 1939, < Dawydofl (NHMV. [Phsa Ream], Camboda [Kampw hea], s'»; v, Apt 1939, <. (MNHN,, (wth b Plateau angbang [Cao Nguyen l Vta], Vetnam, C.Dawydoff (NHMW, SP). Mcrochernes nsulars: lectotype,- de lon), Mau Marru, Sumba, 19 Jul 1949, unte Rndeenes am Boden legenden Stammes Klenes Waldtal ben Dorf, Buhle and Smu- (NUMB. L oll. :sx, S' Paralectotypes: 2 r, same daa as lectotype (NHMB, collecton no. 288, SP) Othe materal rad Krakatau 1 Rakata, Zwarte Hoek, 6 09*5, "E, unde ba [s: 13 Sep 1984, 9(1 wth bro d 121 MH , SP); 15Sep 1984, 2 r, ]? (NMV, 121. \l, MH828 n 03, S ): l5scp 9S (NM\ MH829.01, s ) Sertung, 6 OS'S, 'E, u m b. h, '. <,. l \Ml. NMV. n MZB, 151 K. MH ). J nula. - l 25, S and SP). Panjang, 6 05'S, ol log, Sep 1984, 155 K, MH866.01, S Dagnoss Verrucachernes oca dffers from the remanng two Asan subfaevs montgenus Beer, n ts small Beer and - sze (e.g. the pedpalpal Femu ol these two speces s m excess o 0.50 mm, whereas l s less [hal 0.43 mm m, oca). t s more smla to the other two speces, congcus Beet from< spnosus Bee from vor) ( oast, and onlj adreel omparson ol specmens wll reveal dfferences, f the\ exst Descrpton. Vdults: general ) pale brown, wth lpalps and carapace slght ) darker. Derm ol pedpalps, carapace and tergtes coarse!) granulate. Pedpalp ( g. 122): trochanter ] (.. -). lemur pedcellate chela(wth pedcel) ), chela (wthout pedcel) (. hand ( ' ') as long as broad. Fxed chela) fnge wth 8 rchobothrta, moveable chela! fnge wth 4 trchobothra; eb and esb adjacent, est mdwaj between esb am et, st slght!) c lose to l than to sb, >/> and b adjacent, «mdway between sb and / (Fg, 120). Venom apparatus present n moveable chelal fnger termnatng n nodus ramosus nea f, xed fnger wth ( '), 2 e > $4(9) margnal, ) margnal teeth, plus 1-2 (or,?) nternal accessor) teeth; moveable lnger wth 35 J9 -). )4 38 teeth, plus 0-2 (a, teeth. Chelcera wth 5, ) nternal acces: setae on hand, bs, sm and es fnely dentculate; serrula exteror of 17 ( r), ( V ) lamellae; Flagellum of 3 blades, anteror blade wth spmules on anteror face; dstal porton ol fxed fnger wth large subtermnaj tooth; galea bascally as n Chambcrln (1947, fg. 3b), but add- Smaller ram may occasonally be present. not sexually dmorphc. < arapacc wth 8 9 ') ?) setae on posteror margn, ( ') (9) nmes as long as broad; 2 ey present; 2 furrows present, medan furrow moderately deep, posteror lurow shallow, closer to posteror margn ot carapace than to anteror furrow, legtes X and stermtes [V-X dvded. r,9 13: H 11: 10-11: : 14: 12 14: 13: 11-13: 10-14:8-11:2; : 10 12: 10 12: 13 14: 13: 14-15: : U 16: 13-16:8:2. Sternal chaetotaxy: c 14 2d: (1)6-9 [4 6] (): (2)5 8(2): 16-19: 1" : 16-19: 15 21: 12-15: 8 9: (1 2)5 6(1 2): (2)4 "(2): 14-20: 18-23: 1" : 15-21: 14 1": S 9: 2. ( oxal chaetotaxy : 14-16: 12-19: 15 16: 21 23; 9, 12-18: :30 M Male gental opercula as n Fg em l opercula ( g. 127): anteror operm wth tght, central cluster ol small setae. Male gentala nol unusual for famly. Female sparmathecaeol 1 tubule wth verj large termnal bulb (Fg, 125), Leg (Fgs ): monotarsate; feme ton Ol lees 1 and oblque; subtermnal tarsal seta dental setae subproxmal! US, 1 S ', ; : ' ; all tars wth proxmal elevated sut sensllum; claws smple. very slender; arolum as laws. Dmensons (mm).. : bod) length ( ); pedpalps: trochante l 165 o ~ ), femur J ( ), tba 38 o ), chela (wth pedcel) ( o.2l 0.245), chela (wthout pedcel) ), n fnge length ( ), hand length n )15 0.4(0 < ), nun cable fnge length ( ); carapace Jg 0.46 ( ): leg : trochanter ( ), basfemur (0.125 o.l ), telofemu ( ), tba o.06 ( ), tarsus ( ; leg [V: trochanter ( (W5-o.l), basfemur ( ). telofemur ( ), '

43 PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS 351 tba / ( / ), tarsus / ( / ), dstance of tarsal tactle seta from proxmal margn ( ). Trtonymph: colour paler than adults. Pedpalp: trochanter 1.65, femur 2.40, tba 2.22, chela (wth pedcel) 3.03, chela (wthout pedcel) 2.86, hand 1.51 tmes as long as broad. Fxed chelal fnger wth 7 trchobothra, moveable chelal fnger wth 3 trchobothra; st and sb absent (Fg. 121). Serrula exteror of chelcera wth 16 lamellae; galea as n adults. Carapace wth 9 setae on posteror margn; 1.22 tmes as long as broad. Tergal chaetotaxy: 9: 7: 9: 10: 12: 10: 12: 11: 11: 8: 10: 2. Sternal chaetotaxy: 4: (1)4(1): (2)6(2): 15: 14: 13: 14: 15: 13: 7: 2. Coxal chaetotaxy: 8: 8: 9: 12. Monotarsate. Dmensons (mm): body length 1.14; pedpalps: trochanter 0.19/0.115, femur 0.30/0.125, tba 0.30/0.135, chela (wth pedcel) 0.53/0.175, chela (wthout pedcel) 0.50, moveable fnger length 0.235, hand length 0.265; carapace 0.44/0.36. Remarks, There s sgnfcant varaton n characters that Beer (1951, 1953, 1957) consdered were mportant delneaters at the specfc level wthn the genus Verrucachernes. These nclude the number of nternal accessory teeth on the chelal fngers. Examnaton of the Krakatau materal reveals that t vares from possessng two teeth to completely lackng teeth, and ndcates that ths character must be dscarded. Beer (1957) also placed great relance on the number of blades n the chelceral serrula exteror, but due to a certan amount of varaton t too s dscarded. Dfferences n surface sculpturng were cted as a specfc character of Mcrochernes orenlals, but comparson of the types of ths speces and all of the other materal at hand reveals that t does not dffer at all. Thus, wth all of these characters dscarded and the lack of consstent dfferences n the sze and shape of the pedpalpal segments leads me to synonymse M. orenlals and M. nsulars wth V. oca. n the orgnal descrpton of M, nsulas, Beer (1951) ndcated the presence of two males and two females n the type seres. However, only three specmens are present n the Basel collecton, and the fourth specmen s not present n NHMW (Dr J. Gruber, pers. comm.). The alternatve spellng of the localtes of M. orenlals gven n square brackets are modern spellngs advocated by the US Board on Geographc Names and follows Harvey (1985). Verrucachernes oca s wdely dstrbuted n the Orental regon from Vetnam to the Solomon slands. Smerngochernes Beer Smerngochernes sp. Materal examned. Java. Ujung Kulon, Pulau Peucang, 6 45'S, 'E, beatng, 11 Sep 1985, 1 trtonymph (MZB, 62-16A, MH611.01, SL). Remarks. Wthout adult materal the dentfcaton of ths speces cannot be confrmed. Acknowledgements wsh to thank Prof..W.B. Thornton, Dr R.W. Taylor and the Dvson of Entomology, CSRO, for the opportunty to take part n the 1984 expedton, the Lembaga lmu Pengetahuan ndonesa (LP1) for permsson to study n ndonesa, and the followng curators for the loan of type and other comparatve materal: Dr J. A. Coddngton (USNM), Dr H. Enghoff (UZM), Dr M. Grasshoff (SMF), Dr J. Gruber (NHMW), Dr L. van der Hammen (RMNH), Mr P.D. Hllyard and Mr F. Wattless (BMNH), Dr M. Mortz (ZMB), Dr G. Rack (ZMH) and Dr E. Sutter (NHMB). Alan Yen and Robn Wlson kndly commented on the ntal manuscrpt. Ths work was partally supported by an Australan Bologcal Resources Study grant. References Beer, M., De Pseudoskorpone der Sammlung Roewer. Zoologscher Anzeger 91: Beer, M., Neue Pseudoscorpone der U. O. Neobsnea. Mttetungen aus clem Zoologschen Museum n Berln 17: Beer, M., 1932a. Revson der Atemndae (Pseudoscorpondea). Zoologsche Jahrbcher 62: Beer. M., 1932b. Pseudoscorpondea 1. Subord. Chthonnea et Neobsnea. Das Terrech 57: -xx, Beer, M., 1 932c. Pseudoscorpondea. Subord. C. Chelfernea. Das Terrech 58: -xx, Beer, M., De Pseudoscorpondenfauna der landfernen lnseln. Zoologsche Jahrbcher 74: Flores. Beer, M., De Pseudoscorpone ndochnas. Memores du Museum Natonal d'hstore Naturelle, Pans, A 1: Beer, M., On some Pseudoscorpondea from Malava and Borneo. Bulletn of the Raffles Museum 24: Beer, M Pseudoscorpondea von Sumba und Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschafl n Basel 64: Beer, M A second collecton of Pseudoscorpondea from Malaya. Bulletn of the Raffles Museum 25: Beer, M., Pseudoscorponda. nsects ofmcronesa 3: Beer, M., Ordnung Pseudoscorpondea. Pp n: d'agular, J. M. Beer, H. Franz and F. Raw

44 1966a " 33 Arachnda ' la 10), c ( V.klmda: Arachnda) W.,,1949. n Australan 1963, 73 M S AKY Y (cds,, BesttmmungsbU he zu Bodenfauna Europas o.. Akademe Verlag Berln. %3. Pseudoscorpone aus Vogrnestern von Brer, M., Malay.. Pacfc nsects 5: Brer, M. De Pseudoscorponden Neu Guneas mh de benachbarten nseln. Pacfc nsect Bee. M , De Pseudoscorponden de nseln \nnalen de Saturhstors Hen Museums n men 69: l 159. Brer, M b. Obe Pseudoscorpone von den Phlp pnen Pacfc nsects 8: MO 348 Brer, M Pseudoscorpone vom Kontnentalen Sudosl Asen Pat \fh nsects Brer, M., De Pseudoscorpone der Royal Socet) Expedton 1965 zu den Salomon nseln Statural Hstory 4: tourn Brer, M., Pseudoskorpone unto Araucaren RndenNeu Gunea \nnalendes sfaturhston Museums n n en '5 16 Brer, M., Pseudoscorpon l<m. Entomologca Scandnavca supplement 4 59 ^ s Brer, M., 1982 Zoologcal results of the Brtsh Spel a logcal Expedton to Papua Net* C Pseudo pond a l la Zoologt a Bulgara o 19:! J Brstowe, w S., 1931 V prelmnary note on the spders o K.t atoa Prot eedngs oj th Zooto u m 5 oj London Hush. M and Whttaker, R rhe muntes of Sertung, Rakata Kecl at l'p n: Bush, M,P. (ones and K Rchards (eds The Kra enary expedton 1983 Fnal report (Departmem meous <.u.. u. < nl " nve st) ol Hull Hull \ /nopt false scorpons o cl rs, wth t fu aton ol the a cosmopoltan collecton ol the same P Heterosphyronda (Arachnda t helonethda) \nnats and Magavm oj statural Hstory (10) 50 80, Chamberln, (, 1930 \ sj nopt las ;f< aton ol the false scorpons o chela spnners, wth a repo a cosmopoltan ollecton of the same Part, he Dplosphyronda ( helonelhda). Annals Magazne oj Statural Hstory , Chamberln,.e., 1931 He arachnd orde ( helonethda. Stanford 'nlversty Publcatons, logcal St ences ' 284 Chamberln, l.< Some false scorpons of the atetnnd subfaml) Mratemnnae (Arach nda Chelonethda) \nnals oj the nto Socety oj merca 26: Chamberln, J.C., New and lttle known false scorpons from the Marquesas slands (Arachnda: ( helonethda). Bulletn oj the Bernce P. Bshop Museum 142: Chamberln, J.C, rhreenew speces of false scorpons from the sland of Guam (Arachnda, Chelonethda). Occasonal Papers oj the Bernce P. Bshop Museum 18: KM 316. Chamberln, J.C., New and lttle-known false Jcorprons, prncpal!) from caves, b o the famles Chthondae and Neobsdae (Arachnda, Chelonethda). Bulletn oj the Amercan Museum oj ral Hstory 123: Da m merman, K.W., le fauna o krakatau Verhandellngen de Kanlnkljke V landsche \kademe van Wetenschappen, afd s/atuurkunde 44; 594. Ellngsen, L De Pseudoskorpoe de Berlner Museums. Mttelungen aus dem Zoohgscken \, teum n Berln 4; V ' l) and v.ku n. M, rhe external mor- photog) and lfe hstory the ; hthonus s< hnot h Pro* eed the Zoologcal Socety oj London 140: "5-98. Harvey, M S. 1 h* M c"rnophordae (P ond ) loumaloj [rach-,gy Harvey, M.S., 1986 Geogarypdae, new status, «nh a revew ol the generc classfcaton Pseudnsauponkl.l. Australan Journal. oj Zoology ' Harvey, M S \ revson ol the genus Synsphy nus Chamberl ldae: Pseudoscorponda: V chnda). Australan ' Sup plemt nta Seres 126: Heurtault,., 1976 Nouveaux caract n s taxonomques us famlle des Olpnae (Arachndes, Pseudoscorpons) Note prrmnare Comptes Rendus Col ' rant e, es vzes 62 73, < Hoff.l [Te pseu ors of llnos. Bullelllnos Statural Hstory Survey 24: Judd rhe earler eruptons ol Kraka } Kastner, \ 1927 Pseudoscorpones l'p 15 TA'mlnsects, oj Samoa Brtsh Museum (Natural Hstory): unon V.F., ee. he martme pseudoscorpons ol Baja ( alforna, Mexco Arachnda: Pseudoscorponda) Occasonal Papers oj the Calforna Academy oj Scences no. 131: l 38,. <, 1974 \ generalsed account of the female gentala am assocated glands ol pseudoscorpons Bulletn oj the Brtsh Arachnologh al Socety 3: 4: 48, A generalsed account of the male gentala and assocated elands ol pseudoscorpons Arachnda] Bulletn ofthe Brtsh Arechnotogcal Socety V Mahnert, V., 1978 ( ontrbutons a 1'etude de la faune lks les grantques de 'archpel des SecheUes (Msson P.L.G. Benot-J.J. Van Mol 1972). Revue Zoologque Afrcane c >2: Mahnert. \ ' De Pseudoskorpone (Arachnda) Kenyas. \. carypdae. An/tales Hstorco-naturales \luse natonals hungarc "4: Morkawa, K Three new speces of False-Scorpons from the sland of Marcus n the west Pacfc Ocean. Memors of the Ehme Unversty () so

45 PSEUDOSCORPONS FROM THE KRAKATAU SLANDS J53 Morkawa, K., Pseudoscorpons from Solomon and New Brtan. Bulletn of the Osaka Museum of Natural Hstory 16: 1-8. Muchmore, w. B., Pseudoscorpons From Florda and the Carbbean area. 13. New speces of Tyrannochthonus and Paralochthonus From the Bahamas, wth dscusson of the genera. Florda Entomologst 67: Oey Bauw an, H. bkar-kramadbrata, Abanto, Pat Suryal Syamsndn, Communs hewarl subterena gugus kepulauan Krakatau menjelang 100 tahun sesuduh pelepusan. nstnt Teknolog: Bandung. [Nol seen Poeoek, R.., st of the Araehmda and "Myrapoda" obtaned n Funafut by Prof. W. J. Sollas and Mr. Stanley Gardner, and n Rotuma by Mr. Stanley Gardner. Annals and Magazne of Natural Hstory (7) : Poeoek, R.., Araehnda. Pp n Gardner, J.S. (ed.) Thefauna and geography of the Maldve and Laccadve Archpelagoes: beng the account of the work carred on and of the collectons made hy an expedton durng the wars 1899 anl Cambrdge Unversty: Cambrdge. Redkor/ev, V., Two new speces of psendoseo - pons from Sumatra. Ezhegodnk Zoologcheskago muz.eya 23: Redkor/ev, V., xs psendoseorpons de rndoehne Francase recuells par M. C. Dawydoff, Mmores du Museum Natonal d'hstore Nlure/te, Pars, nouvelle sne 10: Tenoro, J. M. and Muchmore, w. B., Catalog of entomologeal types n the Bshop Museum, l'seu doseorponda. Pacfc nsects 24: Thornton,.W.B. and Rosengren, N.J., n press. Zoo logeal Expedtons to the Krakatau slands, 1984 and 1985: general ntroducton. Phlosophcal Transac nous of the Royal Socety of ondon. Tullgren, A., Enge Chelonethden aus Java. Ml telungen aus dan naturhstortschen Museum m Hamburg 22: nllgren. A., Zm kennlns ansseenopasehe Chelonethden des Nalhslorsehen Museums n lambng. Mttelungen aus dan natrlustorscla Museum n Hamburg 24: Tullgren, A., Enge Chelonethden aus Java md Krakatau, Notes from the evden Museum 34: Vaehon, M Reeherehes aalomk es el bologques sn la reproducton el le developpemenl tes pseudoscorpons, Annates des Scences Nulrelles, /oologc 11: Wagenaar nmnelmek, P., Studes on the lama of Curacao, Aruba, Bonare and the Venezuelan slands: no. 13, Pseudoscorpons of the genera Gary pus, 'scudochtlons. Tyrannochthonus and Pachy clutra. Utgaven van de Nalmrwctascha/pe//ke stdckrng voor Srname en Curacao no. 5, Wedner,., De ntonologsehen Sannlnngen les Zoologsehen Mnsenms Hamburg. 1. 'el. Paa thropoda und Chelcerata l. Mttelungen aus dan llamburgscha zoologsehen Museum und nsltut 57: Wth, C..1., The Dansh Expedton to Sam Chelonelh. An aeeonnl of the ndan False-scorpons together wth studes on the anatomy and classfcaton of the order. Kongelge Danske \dcn\kabanes Selskabs Skrfta (1) 3: 211. Wth, C. J., 1907, On some new speces of Chelferdae, Hans., and Garypdae, Hans., n the Brtsh Museum. Journal of the nnacan Socety of London 30: 49 85,