CATALOGUE OF THE MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA

Transcription

1 Monitore Zoologico Italiano. Supplemento ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: CATALOGUE OF THE MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA D. W. Yalden, M. J. Largen & D. Kock To cite this article: D. W. Yalden, M. J. Largen & D. Kock (1976) CATALOGUE OF THE MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA, Monitore Zoologico Italiano. Supplemento, 8:1, To link to this article: Published online: 12 Jul Submit your article to this journal Article views: 214 View related articles Citing articles: 17 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at

2 Monitore Zoologico Italiano ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY PUBBLICATO DALLA UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI FIRENZE CON IL CONTRIBUTO DEL CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE N. S. SUPPLEMENTO VIII NO. 1 : CATALOGUE OF THE MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA (PUBBLICAZIONI DEL CENTRO Dl STUDIO PER LA FAUNISTICA ED ECOLOGIA TROPICALI DEL C.N.R.: CXI) D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KocK Department of Zoology, University of Manchester Natural History Museum, Addis Ababa Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt a.m. Received 30 October 1975 I. Introduction page 3 II. Order Insectivora» 5 A. Family Erinaceidae» 5 1. Atelerix albiventris (Wagner, 1841)» 5 2. Paraechinus aethiopicus (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) >> 5 B. Family Soricidae >> 6 1. Crocidura fumosa Thomas, 1904 >> 6 2. Crocidura baileyi Osgood, 1936 >> 7 3. Crocidura turba DoHman, 1910 >> 7 4. Crocidura flavescens (1. Geoffroy, 1827) >> 8 5. Crocidura bicolor Bocage, 1889 >> Crocidura bottegi Thomas, 1898 >> Crocidura hildegardeae Thomas, 1904 >> Crocidura niobe Thomas, 1906 >> Crocidura somalica Thomas, 1895 >> Crocidura smithi Thomas, 1895 >> Crocidura?voi Osgood, >> Suncus etruscus (Savi, 1822) >> Suncus murinus (Linnaeus, 1766) >> Sylvisorex megalura (Jentink, 1888) >> 16 C. Family Macroscelididae >> Elephantulus rufescens (Peters, 1878) >> 16 ill. Order Rodentia >> 17 A. Family Sciuridae» Heliosciurus gambianus (Ogilby, 1835) >> Euxerus erythropus (E. Geoffroy, 1803) >> Xerus rutilus (Cretzschmar, 1828) >> Paraxerus ochraceus (Huet, 1880) >> 20 Published online 12 Jul 2013

3 2 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK B. Family Gliridae page Graphiurus murinus (Desmarest, 1822) >> 21 C. Family Cricetidae >> Lophiomys imhausi Milne-Edwards, 1867 >> Tatera robusta (Cretzschmar, 1830) >> Tatera valida (Bocage, 1890) >> Tatera nigricauda (Peters, 1878) >> Taterillus emini (Thomas, 1892) >> Ammodillus imbellis (De Winton, 1898). >> Gerbillus (Gerbillus) pyramidum I. Geoffroy, 1825 >> Gerbil/us (Gerbillus) gerbillus (Olivier, 1800). >> Gerbillus (Dipodillus) ruberrimus Rhoads, 1896 >> 26 D. Family Muridae >> Mus (Mus) musculus Linnaeus, 1758 >> Mus (Leggada) tenellus (Thomas, 1903) >> Mus (Leggada) proconodon Rhoads, 1896 >> Mus (Leggada) mahomet Rhoads, 1896 >> Muriculus imberbis (Riippell, 1842) >> Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) >> Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) >> Praomys (Praomys) fumatus (Peters, 1878) >> Praomys (Praomys) albipes (Riippell, 1842) >> Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis (A. Smith, 1834) >> Stenocephalemys albocaudata Frick, 1914 >> Stenocephalemys griseicauda Petter, 1972 >> Oenomys hypoxanthus (Pucheran, 1855) >> Grammomys dolichurus (Smuts, 1832) >> Thallomys paedulcus (Sundevall, >> Acomys wilsoni Thomas, 1892 >> Acomys cahirinus (Desmarest, 1819) >> Arvicanthis abyssinicus (Riippell, 1842) >> Arvicanthis dembeensis (Riippell, 1842) 20. Arvicanthis blicki Frick, Arvicanthis somalicus Thomas, 1903 >> Pelomys harringtoni Thomas, >> Pelomys rex (Thomas, 1906) >> 49 >> 45 >> Lemniscomys striatus (Linnaeus, 1758) >> Lemniscomys barbarus (Linnaeus, 1767) >> Lophuromys flavopunctatus Thomas, 1888 >> Lophuromys melanonyx Petter, 1972 >> Dasymys incomtus (Sundevall, 1847) >> Saccostomus campestris Peters, 1846 >> Colomys goslingi Thomas & Wroughton, 1907 >> Dendromus (Dendromus) mesomelas (Brants, 1827} >> Dendromus (Dendromus) mystacalis Heuglin, 1863 >> Dendromus (Poemys) melanotis A. Smith, 1834 >> Dendromus (Chortomys) lovati De Winton, 1899 >> Steatomys tjratensis Peters, 1846 >> Otomys typus (Heuglin, 1877) >> 56 E. Family Rhizomyidae >> Tachyoryctes splendens (Riippell, 1836) >> 2. Tachyoryctes macrocephalus (Riippell, 1842) >> F. Family Dipodidae )) Jaculus jaculus (Linnaeus, 1758) )) 59 G. Family Bathyergidae >> Heterocephalus glaber Riippell, 1842 >> 60

4 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA H. Family Ctenodactylidae. 1. Pectinator spekei Blyth, 1856 J. Family Thryonomyidae. 1. Thryonomys gregorianus (Thomas, 1894) K. Family Hystricidae 1. Hystrix cristata Linnaeus, 1758 L. Nomina dubia IV. Discussion V. Gazetteer of collection localities Summary Riassunto References 3 page 60» 60 )) 61 )) 61 )) 62,, 62 )) 63 )) 64 )) 97 )) 109 )) 109 )) 110 I. INTRODUCTION The preparation of the first part of this catalogue (LARGEN et al., 197 4) was greatly facilitated by reference to the key for African bats, compiled by HAYMAN & HILL and included in «The mammals of Africa. An identification manual», MEESTER & SETZER (Edits) Unfortunately, the corresponding keys for insectivores and rodents are not yet complete and, as a result, these groups still present considerable problems of identification and taxonomy. We have attempted to fill some of these gaps by providing more extensive annotation in this section of the catalogue than in part 1. The basis for the present work has been provided by an unpublished manuscript of R. W. HAYMAN, for the use of which we are most grateful, together with the collections of the British Museum (Natural History), London; the Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg, Frankfurt and the Natural History Museum, Addis Ababa. The taxonomic decisions based upon this material, especially those concerning Crocidura and Mus (Leggada), are the responsibility of D. W. YALDEN. There remain, however, many instances where we have had to accept or doubtfully re-assign published records based upon material which is not directly available to us. A re-examination of such specimens would clarify many doubts and if the present work should stimulate such an undertaking it will have succeeded in at least one of its aims. «Sight records», i.e. any positive identifications of a species based upon evidence other than that provided by museum specimens, are likely to figure prominently in those parts of this catalogue which deal with I*

5 4 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK the larger mammals. There are relatively few insectivores and rodents for which such records can be accepted but an obvious example is provided by Hystrix, which is most frequently recorded on the evidence of discarded quills. Unless otherwise stated, the only sight records (S) which have been included are those obtained by the authors or other qualified and competent observers. Information on synonymy follows ALLEN ( 1939) but concentrates on those references which are of greatest relevance to Ethiopia; some type localities have been modified according to MoREAU et al. ( 1946) and our personal knowledge of the country. In some cases, particularly where there are few records of a species in Ethiopia, we have considered it useful to include localities in French Somaliland, western Somalia, northern Kenya and eastern Sudan. The present work should not, however, be considered to provide a complete guide to these extralimital areas. The abbreviations used in this paper are identical to those in part 1 and all measurements of specimens are in millimetres. The length of the upper toothrow is used throughout as the major indicator of size, since this is one of the few measurements which can almost invariably be obtained, even from damaged skulls. Once again we wish to acknowledge a debt to those individuals who, in recent years, have helped to build up the collections of Ethiopian mammals; particularly Mr T. HAKANSSON and Dr P. A. MoRRIS, whose valuable series of insectivores and rodents are housed in the Natural History Museum, Addis Ababa and the British Museum (Natural History), London. We are grateful to Mr I. R. BISHOP, Dr G. B. CoRBET and other members of staff in the Mammal Section of the British Museum (Natural History) for the advice and assistance which they have provided. For the provision of sight records, we thank Dr. J. S. AsH, Messrs M. BoLTON, R. 0. S. CLARKE, T. J. CROWE and M. G. GILBERT, Mrs S. E. LARGEN, Dr S. TYLER and Dr E. K. URBAN. Particular thanks are due to Dr W. GEORGE, of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford University, for kindly allowing us to include her personal records of Pectinator. A number of collecting trips by D.W. Yalden and M. J. Largen have been supported by financial assistance from the Percy Sladen Trust, the John Spedan Lewis Trust, the Godman Fund, the Royal Society of London and the University of Manchester. Finally, we wish to tank the «Centro di Studio per la Faunistica ed Ecologia Tropicali del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche» of Florence (directed by Prof. L. Pardi), for having accepted this catalogue for publication.

6 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 5 II. ORDER INSECTIVORA A. FAMILy ERINACEIDAE 1. Atelerix albiventris (Wagner, 1841) Er;naceus albiventris WAGNER, 1841, Schreber's Saugethiere Suppl. 2: 22. Locality uncertain. perhaps Senegal. Erinaceus sclateri ANDERSON, 1895, Proc. zoo!. Soc. Lond.: 415. Somalia. Erinaceus albiventris atratus RHOADS, 1896, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad.: 544. Ngare Nocbar, Kenya. Taxonomy. - The name sclateri was based upon individuals with five toes, a character which is now known to be variable and which has been found occasionally elsewhere in the range of A. albiventris. FUNAIOLI & SIMONETTA ( 1960) considered albiventris to be a synonym of A. frontalis A. Smith, However, there is such a large discontinuity between the northern populations of frontalis (Zambia and Malawi) and the most southerly records of albiventris (N Tanzania) that we follow CoRBET ( 1968) in treating the two as distinct. Identification. -A. albiventris is a much smaller form than Paraechinus aethiopicus and lacks the enormous ears and large auditory bullae of that species. Records.- OusTALET, 1894: Obock.- ELLIOT, 1897, 1907: Toyo Plains. - SoRDELLI, 1902: Mai Mefelas. - ALLEN, 1914: Fazoghli. - PARISI, 1917: Dongollo; Mai Mefelas.- DE BEAUX, 1939a: Om Ager; Keren (Aethechinus diadematus). - CoRBET, 1968: Murri. - BEADLES & lngersol, 1968: E of Dire Dawa ( = Dabahs River). - INGER SOL, 1968: Dabahs River. 2. Paraechinus aethiopicus (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833) Erinaceus aethiopicus HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG, 1833, Symbolae Physicae, Mamm.: dec. 2. sheet K. Dongola, Sudan. Identification. - The greater overall size, much larger ears and larger auditory bullae will serve to distinguish this species from Atelerix albiventris. Records.- RiiPPELL, 1840a: Abyssinia.-? BREHM, 1863: Mkullu; Mensa Mts (Erinaceus platyotis). - DEL PRATO, 1891: Moncullo. - LECHE, 1902: Massawa (senaarensis). - SoRDELLI, 1902: Eritrea. - DE BEAUX, 1931: Dancallia; Eritrea. - LANZA, 1972: Awash National Park. Note. - Extralimitally, the species has been recorded from Suakin in NE Sudan and from Berbera and the coastal plain of N Somalia.

7 6 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK B. FAMILY SORICIDAE 1. Crocidura fumosa Thomas, 1904 Crocidura fumosa THOMAS, 1904, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 14: 238. Mt Kenya, Kenya. Crocidura luna macmillani DOLLMAN, 1915, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) IS: 514. Koteke, Ethiopia (the earlier rendering, «Kotelee», is due to a misreading of the collector's label). Crc.cidura glassi HErM DE BALSAC, 1966, Mammalia 3Q: 448. Gara Mullata, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - HErM DE BALSAC ( 1966b) compared glassi only with C. turba, from which it differs in the same characters as does fumosa. His illustrations of the skull clearly indicate that glassi should be assigned to the synonymy of C. fumosa. The name macmillani is available if it can be demonstrated that a local subspecies is recognisable, which seems likely in view of the altitudinally-related colour variation which has been observed. Identification. - C. fumosa is essentially a montane shrew with thick fur usually showing little contrast between the grey-brown dorsum and silvery-grey venter. However, specimens from lower altitudes (the type of macmillani and those from Backo, Wollega) are dark grey above, like C. turba, and have shorter fur. The species is about the same size (P-M 3 : ) as turba, but differs from that form in having an inflated (convex) braincase, broader M 3 and larger talonid on M 3 The other shrew which occurs at high altitudes in Ethiopia, C. baileyi, differs in its colouration although the skull is indistinguishable. Records. - DaLLMAN, 1915: Koteke. - OsGOOD, 1936: Allata; Amedamit Mts; Arbagona; Gedeb Mts, near Dodola; Mt Albasso; Mt Garumba; Sakalla. - HEIM DE BALSAC, 1966b; INGERSOL, 1968: Gara Mullata. -DoRST, 1972: Dinshu. - YALDEN, 1973: Urgana valley. Additional material. - B.M.: Backo, Wollega, , 386 ( d', S? ), 6-8.VII Mt Borabu, 35 km S of Asella, ( S? ), Dinshu, , (18 exx.).- 70 km NW of Kebre Mengist (2 S? S? ), IV N.H.M.A.A.: Backo, Wollega, M.50 (d'), 6.VII Mt Borabu, M.153 ( S? ), Dinshu, M.161 (d'), 5.XII.1969; M.496 ( S? ), ; M.498, 27.XI.l969; M.499 (d'), 25.XI.1970; M.501 (d'), ; M (2 d'd'), Note. - This species occurs with C. baileyi at many of its stations, but has not yet been found in the Simien Mts. It has been recorded in Ethiopia at altitudes of m and is also known from the mountains of Kenya, Uganda and Malawi.

8 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 7 2. Crocidura baileyi Osgood, 1936 Crocidura baileyi OsGOOD, 1936, Pubis Field Mus. nat. Hist. (Zoo!.) 20: 225. Ras Dashan, Ethiopia. Identification. - C. baileyi is a medium-sized shrew with a most distinctively bicoloured pelage and tail, brown dorsally contrasting with white beneath (in which respect it resembles the European form C. leucodon). The skull, however, seems indistinguishable from that of C. fumosa, being of similar size (P-M 3 : ) and having the same inflated braincase. Records. -OsGOOD, 1936: Ras Dashan; Amedamit Mts; Mt Albasso; Njabara. Additional material. - B. M.: Simien Mts, km S of Debre Sina (d'), 4.V Dinshu, , (6 exx.), XII N.H.M.A.A.: Dinshu, M.713 ( 9 ), 18.XII S.M.F.: 2 km W of Ambagir, ( 9 ), 16.XII Note. - This is a high altitude species which has been recorded between 2700 and 3550 m, but was not found at 3700 m in the Bale Mts. In at least three of its localities it co-exists with C. fumosa, although the latter has not been recorded from the Simien Mts. The existence of two colour forms in Neomys fodiens from Europe (YALDEN et al., 1973), leads to speculation that baileyi might be just a colour variety of C. fumosa. However, since intergradation between the two has not been demonstrated, it seems best, at present, to regard them as distinct. C. baileyi has not been recorded outside Ethiopia. 3. Crocidura turba DoHman, 1910 Crocidura turba DaLLMAN, 1910, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 5: 176. Chilui Island, Lake Bangweolo, Rhodesia. Cmcidura nilotica HELLER, 1916, Smithson. misc. Collns 56 (15): 3. Rhino Camp, Lado Enclave, Uganda. Taxonomy. - The relegation of nilotica to the synonymy of C. turba follows HEIM DE BALSAC & VERSCHUREN ( 1968 ). Identification. -C. turba is a relatively large shrew (P-M 3 : ca 10.0) with a flat braincase and very dark colouration (almost black) above and below. It is comparable in size with C. fumosa and resembles certain specimens of that species in colour (most notably the type of macmillani). However, the two are readily distinguished by the flattened braincase and greatly reduced third molars of turba.

9 8 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK C. turba is distinguished from C. flavescens by its smaller size, thinner tail and darker colour. Record. - OsGOOD, 1936: Njabara. 4. Crocidura flavescens (I. Geoffroy, 1827) Sorex flavescens I. GEOFFROY, 1827, Dictionnaire Classe. Hist. Nat. 11: 324. South Africa. Sorex olivieri LEssoN, 1827 (part), Manuel de Mammalogie: 121. Sakkara, Egypt (mummies). Sorex indicus cinereo-aenea RiiPPELL, 1842, Mus. Senckenberg. 3: 133. Shoa, Ethiopia. Pachyura occidentalis PucHERAN, 1855, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) 7: 154. Gabon. Crocidura doriana DoBSON, 1887, Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Giacomo Doria (2) 4: 564. Let Marefia, Ethiopia. Crocidura zaphiri DoLLMAN, 1915, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 15: 509. Charada Forest, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - MEESTER ( 1963) considered that C. flavescens and C. occidentalis were separate species with an almost sympatric distribution in southern Africa, but the argument of HEIM DE BALSAC & BARLOY ( 1966 ), that there is a single widespread but variable species, seems more reasonable, particularly with respect to material from Ethiopia. The name olivieri was imprecisely applied to a mixture of mummified shrews, but includes the species which is found in Ethiopia. RiiPPELL's cinereoaenea has been considered to apply to Suncus murinus, but the type skull (S.M.F. 4369) has been re-examined (D. KocK) and found to have only three unicuspids, so that it must now be referred to Crocidura flavescens. Moreover, the original label for this specimen gives the locality as Shoa, not «coast of Shoa» (ALLEN, 1939), so that the name cinereoaenea is available for an Ethiopian subspecies if required. The types of doriana and zaphiri are of similar size (P-M 3 : 12.2 and 12.6 respectively) but zaphiri has somewhat more robust third molars. However, the variation in recent material from the Awash National Park covers the range of third molar shape, so there is no reason to suppose that these names represent different taxa. Identification. - C. flavescens is a very large shrew with a flat braincase and likely to be confused only with Suncus murinus or, perhaps, C. turba. It is, however, a very variable species in both size (P-M 3 : ) and colour, and there is some suggestion that both characters are influenced by altitude. Specimens from the plateau are dark brown dorsally but those from lower altitudes are paler, one from Lake Langano (1600 m) being a very pale sandy-brown while another from Lake Awasa ( 1700 m) is conspicuously whitish on the ventral side. The smallest specimens examined are from 1200 m (Robi) and the largest from 2500 m (Debre Marcos). C. turba is a rather smaller species than flavescens and much darker

10 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 9 in colour. Suncus murinus has four unicuspids (rather than three) and the flat braincase will readily distinguish flavescens from C. fumosa, which it approaches in size (Fig. 1 ). smithi hildegardeae fumosa n p 1.. I P" bottegi niobe baileyi bicolor somali co flavescens I -M length (mm) Fig The size distribution of available specimens of Crocidura from Ethiopia, based upon the length of the upper toothrow. Records. - RuPPELL, 1842b, 1842c: Shoa. -DoBSON, 1887: Let Marefia. - RHOADS, 1896: Sheikh Mahomet. - THOMAS, 1903: Addis Ababa.- DaLLMAN, 1915: Charada Forest.- OsGOOD, 1936: Gardula; Camp Wodago, Chilalo Mts; Debre Marcos; Dejem; Godolo Mts, near Dodola; Gubea; Ismala; Ladu; Modgo; Mota; Mulu; Salali district; Sirre; Suksuk River; W shore of Lake Tana. - HElM DE BALSAC, 1966b; lngersol, 1968: Errer valley. - HEIM DE BALSAC & BARLOY, 1966: Adi Ugri; Sidamo (140 miles S of Addis Ababa); «Grer» ( = Errer) valley. - ANDRAL et al., 1968: Manera Forest. - CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: Bahar Dar; Debre Marcos; Bisidimo River; Awash National Park (at Metahara). - AsHFORD et al., 1973: Kutaber. Additional material. - B.M.: Gimb, Dangila, Robi, Shoa, km E of Addis Ababa, Meta Abo, Koka, , 7.IV W shore of Lake Langano, ( cf ), 26.V E shore of Lake Awasa, ( <;? ), 21.VIII km NW of Kebre Mengist ( cf ), 15.IV N.H.M.A.A.: Bahar Dar, M. 407 ( <;? ), 8.IX Backo, Wollega,

11 10 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK M.54 ( d' ), 8.VII E shore of Lake Awasa, M.llO ( ' ), 2l.VIII S of Lote, M.183 (d'), 17.II S.M.F.: Lake Awasa, Note. - This shrew is one of the most common and widespread in Ethiopia, where it ranges from approximately m. The species seems to be associated with damp situations and, at lower altitudes, is characteristic of riverine and lakeside habitats. 5. Crocidura bicolor Bocage, 1889 Crocidura bicolor BocAGE, 1889, J. Sci. math. phys. nat., Lisboa (2) 1: 29. Gambos, Angola. Crocidura nana DossoN, 1890, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 5: 225. Dolo, Somalia (restricted by MoREAU et a!., 1946). Taxonomy. - C. nana, from the Ethiopian-Somali border, was assigned to the synonymy of bicolor by OsGOOD ( 1936 ). Identification. - This is a very small shrew (P-M 3 : ). In Ethiopia, it is likely to be confused only with C. bottegi, from which it differs primarily in having a braincase which is flattened in profile. In addition, there are differences in the general shape of the braincase in dorsal view and the shape of the condyle of the lower jaw (Fig. 2) while, externally, the pale hind feet and paler ventral fur are also distinctive. Records. - DoBSON, 1890: Dolo. - OsGOOD, 1936: Hadama, Awash River; Addis Ababa. - CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: Bahar Dar; Little Abbai (bridge). Additional material.- B.M.: Awash National Park, , 527. Sidamo, 140 miles S of Addis Ababa, Collufu River, ( ' ), 12.XII N.H.M.A.A.: Backo, Wollega, M.63, 11.VII Note. - In Ethiopia, this species appears to occupy a wide range of altitudes and habitats, extending from approximately 200 to 2500 m. At lower altitudes it may be confined to riverine habitats, but this impression requires confirmation. 6. Crocidura bottegi Thomas, 1898 Crocidura bottegi THOMAS, 1898, Annali Mus. civ. Stor. nat. Giacomo Doria (2) 18: 677. Between Dadditu and Dime, Ethiopia. Taxonomy - HEIM DE BALSAC ( 1966a) has stressed that C. nanilla Thomas, 1909, from Uganda, is not a form of C. bicolor, as suggested by OsGOOD (1936), but it remains to be determined whether nanilla is distinguishable from C. bottegi.

12 Fig Some diagnostic features of Crocidura species. The sh1pe of the skull in profile divides the sp~cies into two artificial groups; one has a convex braincase and concave frontal region (1): bottegi, niobe, hildegardeae, baileyi and fumosa, the other has a flat braincase (J): bicolor, somalica, smithi, turba and flaves::ens. C. bicolor (A) differs from C. bottegi (B) in the shape of the condyle (Al ), the longer braincase (A2) and backwardly sloping coronoid process (A3 ). C. somalica (C) differs from C. smithi (D) in having much smaller first incisors. C. niobe (E) has a flatter, less tall, condyle on its lower jaw than does C. hildegardeae (F). C. turba (G) has a wider third upper molar than doe3 C. flavescens (H), and the crest is more strongly angled.

13 12 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK Identification. - Externally, this small shrew is very similar to C. bicolor, although its darker venter and dark hind feet should identify it. The skull, however, is quite distinct, being generally smaller (P-M 3 : 6.2) and having, amongst other characteristic features, a higher and more convex braincase (Fig. 2). Records. -THOMAS, 1898: between Badditu and Dime. Additional material.- B.M.: Backo, Wollega, (? <j? ), 15.VII Near Lake Abaya, : cotype. 7. Crocidura hildegardeae Thomas, 1904 Crocidura hildegardeae THOMAS, 1904, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 14: 240. Fort Hall, Kenya. Crocidura hildegardeae phaeu.-a OsGOOD, 1936, Pubis Field Mus. nat. Hist. (Zoo!.) 20: 228. Ml Garumba, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - According to HElM DE BALSAC ( 1966a, 1968) and HElM DE BALSAC & VERSCHUREN (1968), the name gracilipes Peters, 1870 (type locality: Kilimanjaro, Tanzania) may have priority over hildegardeae. Identification. - This is a fairly small shrew (P-M': 8.8). It shares with C. niobe the distinctive characters of a convex or inflated braincase and a rather long tail (70-80% of the head and body length), but C. hildegardeae is grey-brown dorsally and silvery-grey beneath, which adequately distinguishes it from the much darker niobe. Other Ethiopian shrews of similar size have a flat braincase and shorter tail (ca 50% HB). Records.- DE BEAUX, 1922: Dolo.- OsGOOD, 1936: Mt Garumba; Sakalla. Additional material. - B.M.: W shore of Lake Zwai, ( <;? ), 2.XI.l Arba Minch, Note. - This species is not sufficiently well known to allow comment on its habitat but, if all the specimens are correctly determined, the altitudinal range indicated by just five records is remarkable ( ca m). Crocidura niobe THo~us, 8. Crocidura niobe Thomas, , Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 18: 138. Ruwenzori East, Uganda. Identification. -This species resembles C. hildegardeae in size (P-M': 8.0), in having a rather long, thin tail (80% HB) and a convex braincase. C. niobe is, however, readily distinguished by its very dark, almost black,

14 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 13 colouration. Differences in the shape of the condyle of the lower jaw (Fig. 2) suggest that these are indeed two species, and not just colour phases. Record. -CORBET & YAl.DEN, 1972: E of Abiu. Additional material. - B.M.: Godare Forest. Note. - Both specimens were obtained in tropical deciduous forest, at altitudes of 820 and 1500 m. 9. Crocidura somalica Thomas, 1895 Cwcidura somalica THOMAS, 1895, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 16: 52. Galadi, Webi Shebdi, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - The specimens referred to by CoRBET & Y ALDEN (1972) as «Crocidura cf. sericea» evidently belong to C. somalica. It was noted that they were somewhat smaller than Sudanese material allocated by SETZER (1956) to C. s. sericea Sundevall, 1842, but they overlap in size the type and cotype of somalica. Crocidura hindei marrensis Thomas & Hinton, 1923 (type locality: Jebel Marra, Sudan) is of similar size, and may well represent a Sudanese race of C. somalica. On the other hand, SETZER (19 56) might be correct in considering marrensis to be a small race of sericea and, if this is so, somalica may have the same relationship. Because of this uncertainty and the difference in size between Ethiopian specimens and typical sericea, it seems best to regard somalica, provisionally, as a distinct species. Identification. - C. somalica is a medium-sized shrew (l'-m 3 : ), greyish-brown dorsally and with a short, tapered tail (ca 50% HB). The flattened braincase and shorter tail will distinguish it from C. hildegardeae. The species seems most likely to be confused with C. smithi, which is about the same size and also has a flattened braincase, but smithi has much more strongly developed upper incisors (Fig. 2) and a distinctive pelage. C. greenwoodi, described from Somalia by HElM DE BALSAC (1966a), might also occur in Ethiopia and could be confused with somalica. It is about the same size and has a flattened braincase, but the tail is much longer (ca 70% HB), like that of C. hildegardeae. Crocidura hirta Peters, 1852 (type locality: Tete, Mozambique) is yet another shrew which may be found to occur in eastern Ethiopia, having been recorded from Tadjura, French Somaliland by HElM DE BALSAC (1966a). This species should be somewhat larger than somalica (I'-M 3 : 10-11) and seems more closely

15 14 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK allied to C. sericea. C. butleri Thomas, 1911, described from the Sudan and recorded by HEIM DE BALSAC (1966a) from Somalia, seems certain to occur in Ethiopia. This species is similar in size to hirta but should be distinguishable from this, and other similar forms, by its sandy-brown colouration. Records. -THOMAS, 1895: Galadi. -CORBET & YALDEN, 1972: Awash National Park; Metahara; Didessa River (mouth). Note. - This is a shrew of low altitudes, recorded from 300 to 1000 m, and seems characteristic of drier habitats such as Acacia scrub. 10. Crocidura smithi Thomas, 1895 Crocidura smithi THOMAS, 1895, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 16: 51. Near Finik, Webi Shebeli, Ethiopia. Identification. - C. smithi (P-M 3 : 9.3) is comparable in size with somalica. Its skull is distinguished by the smaller third unicuspid and the much greater size of the first upper incisor (Fig. 2). The pelage is also characteristic, being blue-grey dorsally and white beneath. The feet are also white. The distinction between smithi and C. voi is less certain, although there appears to be difference in size, voi being rather larger. Records.- THOMAS, 1895: near Finik.- HEIM DE BALSAC, 1966b; INGERSOL, 1968: Errer valley. Note. -This species, like C. somalica, is associated with dry, lowland habitats. 11. Crocidura?voi Osgood, 1910 Crocidura voi OsGOOD, 1910, Pubis Field Mus. nat. Hist. (Zoo!.) 10 (3): 18. Voi, Kenya. Taxonomy. - The status of C. voi in Ethiopia, and indeed of the species itself, is uncertain but, as is the case with many of the dry-country shrews, evaluation is hampered by a lack of comparative material. HElM DE BALSAC ( 1966a) considered that the single Ethiopian specimen should, perhaps, be referred to C. smithi or even to C. butleri, although the latter, a sandy-brown shrew, seems to differ in its pelage from both smithi and voi. Identification. - C. voi is a dry-country shrew, grey dorsally and white beneath like C. smithi, but appreciably larger (P-M 3 : 11) than that species and more c::jmparable in size with C. turba. However, turba

16 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 15 is a much darker form, while C. hirta differs in having a silver-grey venter. C. voi has M 3 reduced. Record.- DE BEAUX, 1943: Gondaraba. 12. Suncus etruscus (Savi, 1822) Sorex etruscus SAVJ, 1822, Nuovo Giorn. de Letterati 1: 60. Pisa, Italy. Identification. - The genus Suncus is distinguished, somewhat artificially, from Crocidura by the presence of four, rather than three, unicuspids. S. etruscus is a very small shrew (P-M 3 : ) and so is unlikely to be mistaken even for C. bottegi. A more possible source of confusion might be S. infinitesimus (Heller, 1912) from East Africa, not at present recorded from Ethiopia. The two are of comparable size but etruscus has a much less flattened braincase than infinitesimus. Record. - MEESTER & LAMBRECHTS, 1971; CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: Bahar Dar. Note. - The single Ethiopian specimen of this mainly Palaearctic species was obtained at an altitude of 1850 m. 13. Suncus murinus (Linnaeus, 1766) Sorex murinus LrNNAEUS, 1766, Syst. Nat. Ed. 12: 74. Java. Sorex caerulaeus KERR, 1792, Linnaeus' Animal Kingdom: 207. Java. Sorex indicus E. GEOFFROY, 1811, Annis Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris 17: 183. Pondicherry, India. Sorex giganteus I. GEOFFROY, 1831, Voy. Belanger Indes Orient. Zoo!.: 117. Bengal, India. Suncus sacer HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG, 1833, Symbolae Physicae, Mamm.: dec. 2, sheet K. Suez, Egypt. Sorex crassicaudus HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG, 1834, in Lichtenstein's Darstellung, Siiugeth.: pl. 40, fig. I and text. Near Suez, Egypt. Identification. - This is a large shrew, comparable in size with Crocidura flavescens, from which the presence of four unicuspids will distinguish it. However, the possibility of confusion between the two forms is minimised by the fact that S. murinus is likely to be found only in Red Sea ports. Records.- RDPPELL, 1840a: Red Sea ports; Massawa Island; Dahlac Island.- DEL PRATO, 1891; SoRDELLI, 1902; PARISI, 1917: Massawa. Note. - This species is a widespread commensal in Asia and has evidently been imported to Ethiopia in ships. PARISI's (1917) specimen, collected in March, 1900, is the most recent from anywhere on the African coast of the Red Sea and it is uncertain whether the species has survived in modern ports.

17 16 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK 14. Sylvisorex megalura (Jentink, 1888) Pachyura megalura JENTINK, 1888, Notes Leyden Mus. 10: 48. Schieffelinsville, Junk River, Liberia. Myosorex sorella THO:\iAS, 1897, Proc. zoo!. Soc. Lond.: 930. Masuku Plateau, Malawi. Sylvisorex sorella phaeopus OsGOOD, 1936, Pubis Field Mus. nat. Hist. (Zoo!.) 20: 219. Near Dungulbar, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - Current practice relegates most named forms of Sylvisorex to a single species, for which megalura is the prior name. Identification. -This species is readily recognised amongst the shrews of Ethiopia by its very long tail (ca 110% HB). The skull has four upper unicuspids. Records. - OsGOOD, 1936: near Dungulbar. Additional material.- B.M.: Backo, Wollega, (d'), 17.VII N shore of Lake Abaya, (d'), N.H.M.A.A.: Backo, Wollega, M.79 (d'), 17.VII c. FAMILY MACROSCELIDIDAE 1. Elephantulus rufescens (Peters, 1878) Macroscelides rufescens PETERS, 1878, Mber. K. preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl.: 198, pl. I, fig. 3. Ndi, Kenya. Macroscelides boranus THOMAS, 1901, Proc. zoo!. Soc. Lond. (for 1908): 802. Mega, Ethiopia. Macroscelides peasei THOMAS, 1901, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 8: 154. Ulul, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - CoRBET & HANKS (1968) have shown that boranus and peasei are not specifically distinct from rufescens. Identification. - This is the only elephant shrew recorded from Ethiopia and should, therefore, be unmistakable. However, E. revoili (Huet, 1881 ), from Somalia, might be found in the eastern part of the country and would be identified by its tufted tail, larger F and paler colour. Records. - RHOADS, 1896: Ehrer; Lammo; Walenso. - THOMAS, 190la: Mega.- THOMAS, 1901b: Ulul.- BEADLES & INGERSOL, 1968: Urso River. - INGERSOL, 1968: Urso River; Gota River; Errer River, Bisidimo.- CoRBET & HANKS, 1968; CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: Farda Robo; Murri; Collufu River. Additional material.- B.M.: 95 km E of Neghelli (d'), 6.IV N.H.M.A.A.: Arba Minch, M.648. Note. - E. rufescens is characteristic of rather arid habitats and has been recorded in Ethiopia at altitudes of approximately m. CoR BET & HANKS ( 1968) are in error in suggesting that Ulul lies at 2400 m.

18 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 17 III. ORDER RODENTIA A. FAMILY SCIURIDAE 1. Heliosciurus gambianus (Ogilby, 1835) Sciurus gambianus 0GILBY, 1835, Proc. Zoo!. soc. Lond.: 103. Gambia, probably near Fort St Mary. Sciurus multicolor RtiPPELL, 1838, Neue Wirbelthiere z. d. Fauna Abyssinien gehi:irig, Sliugeth.: 38, pl. 13. Valleys of Kulla and E slope of coastal Mts, Ethiopia. Sciurus abassensis NEUMANN, 1902, Sber. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berl.: 57. S shore of Lake Abassi (=Lake Awasa), Ethiopia. Sciurus kaffensis NEUMANN, 1902, Sber. Ges. naturf. Freundc Berl.: 57. Anderatscha, Ethiopia. Heliosciurus multicolor omensis THOMAS, 1909, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 4: 104. Kum Dingani, L<Jwer Omo River, Ethiopia. Heliosciurus multicolor dysoni Sr. LEGER, 1937, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 19: 527. Lodwar, Kenya. Taxonomy. - lngoldby (1927) suggested that there was only one species of Heliosciurus, very variable in colour and widely distributed in Africa. However, RosEVEAR ( 1969) found seven sites in West Africa at which a larger species (H. rufobrachium) co-exists with a smaller one (H. gambianus). At present, there seems to be no evidence that rufobrachium occurs in Ethiopia and all the forms described from this country, which are based primarily on differences in colour, are therefore referred to gambianus. If, however, it can be demonstrated that this grouping actually includes two species, then kaffensis and perhaps omensis might represent H. rufobrachium. Identification. - Heliosciurus gambianus (Pm 4 M 3 : ) is much smaller than Euxerus and more similar in size to Xerus, from which it is distinguished by its softer fur. Cheek teeth 4/4. Records. - RDPPELL, 1838a: Kulla valleys; E slope of coastal Mts. - RUPPELL, 1842a: Shoa. - HEUGLIN, 1857: Char Gingil Schimfa; Char Madabia. - HEUGLIN, 1860: near Ailet. - HEUGLIN, 1861a: Massawa. - BREHM, 1863: Mensa Mts; Mensa village (multicolor). - FITZINGER, 1866: Galabat; Abyssinian Kalla (multicolor); Shoa (gambianus). - BLANFORD, 1870: Anseba valley. - HEUGLIN, 1877: upper Lebka valley; Anseba valley; mountains near Massawa. - }ENTINK, 1882: Hamedo; Dembea; Shoa (all as S. annulatus). - DEL PRATO, 1891: Ghinda. - PICAGLIA, 1895: Mahio. - DE WINTON, 1900: Mendi. - NEUMANN, 1902a, 1902b: Blue Nile valley below Madali. - NEUMANN, 1902c: Datscha; Anderatscha; Kosha; S shore of Lake Abassi; Tigre. - THOMAS, 1903: Zegi.- THOMAS, 1909: Kum Dingani.- PARISI, 1917: Haliberet; Cunama region. - KERSHAW, 1924: Bahar Dar; Zegi. - DE

19 18 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK BEAUX, 1925: Tississat. - ST. LEGER, 1937: Omo valley (omensis); Mt Nakwai (dysoni). - ANDRAL et al., 1968: Manera Forest. - CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: 10 km W of Mabil.- DoRsT, 1972: Merab Abaya. Additional material. - B.M.: Ganat Mariam. - Tississat. - Ekel. - Gum Y asus. - Urgessa. - Kalo. - Guma. - ( 1-tarada Forest. Mutti Galeb. N.H.M.A.A.: NW of Lake Tana (S). - S of Mt Guraghe (S). Near Gore (S).- N of Jimma, M. 586, 6.II Bulcha Forest (S). S.M.F.: Shoa, Wonda, 789, Note. -This arboreal squirrel is confined, in Ethiopia, ') the western half of the country and extends from approximately sea lt vel to about 2000 m. While sometimes referred to as a «forest» form, 1e species in fact seems tolerant of conditions ranging from true tropi.;l deciduous forest to arid scrub. 2. Euxerus erytbropus (E. Geoffroy, 1803) Sciurus erythropus E. GEOFFROY, 1803, Cat. Mamm. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris: 178. Probably Senegal. Sciurus leucoumbrinus RUPPELL, 1840, Neue Wirbelthiere z. d. Fauna Abyssinien gehorig, Saugeth.: 38. Massawa, Ethiopia (restricted by SCHWARZ, 1920; see also MERTENS, 192:i). Taxonomy. - AMTMANN (1968) has used the name leucoumbrinus for a subspecies to which Ethiopian examples could be referred. Identification. -The combination of large size (Pm 3 -M 3 : ), harsh fur, pale lateral stripes and 5/4 cheek teeth adequately distinguishes Euxerus from all other squirrels found in Ethiopia. Records. - Ri..iPPELL, 1840a: Massawa. - HEUGLIN, 1857: Doka; Wochni district; Woina valley; Bellegas valley. - HEUGLIN, 1861a: Massawa area. - HEUGLIN, 1868: Takazee, S of Dsibago. - }ESSE, 1869: Senafe; Rareguddi. - BLANFORD, 1870: Senafe; Takonda; Anseba valley. - HEUGLIN, 1877: upper Lebka valley; Massawa area; Anseba; Nakfa. }ENTINK, 1882: Keren; Bogos; Senafe; Anseba valley; Takonda; Tigre. - PICAGLIA, 1895: near Assab.- SORDELLI, 1902: Addi Sciaddi; Haliberet; Adarte. - PARIs I, 1917: Adarte; Adi Sciaddi; Adi U gri; Agordat. - HoLLISTER, 1919: Agordat. - ZEDLITZ, 1919: Keren; Scetel. - DE BEAUX, 1930: Barentu.- }OYEUX et al., 1936: Dire Dawa.- DE BEAUX, 1943: Caschei; Tembien; Mareb (R.).- CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: Soddu; Arba Minch; NW of Lake Chamo. - DoRST, 1972: Merab Abaya. Additional material. - N.H.M.A.A.: near Adi Ugri (S). - Agula (S).- Gambela, M.497 (d'); M.504 ( <;? ), 18.V.1969; M.507, 18.V Lake Shalla (S). - Lake Awasa (S). - Bulcha Forest (S). - NW of

20 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECT!VORA AND RODENTIA 19 Lake Chama, M.32, 17.VIII Near Giarso (S). - Near Yavello (S ). Note. - Most Ethiopian records for this ground-living squirrel are from altitudes between sea level and 2000 m and the record from Senafe (2450 m) is exceptional. It is apparent, however, that a number of essentially lowland species are able to reach unusually high altitudes in the arid north-eastern region of the plateau, which receives less than 600 mm of rain per year (MESFIN, 1970). Like Heliosciurus, this is essentially a western form and the two have a generally similar distribution in Ethiopia, although Euxerus tends to be associated with more arid, non-forested habitats and, perhaps for this reason, extends further to the east. 3. Xerus rutilus (Cretzschmar, 1828) Sciurus rutilus CRETZSCHMAR, 1828, in: Senckenberg. :1aturf. Ges.: Atlas Reise Nord!. Afrika E. Riippell, Saugeth.: 59, pl. 24. Eastern slope of Ethiopia (probably in the vicinity of Massawa, fide MERTENS, 1925). Sciurus (Xerus) brachyolus HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG, 1828, Symbolae Physicae, Mamm.: dec. I, sheet EE, pl. 9. Gedem, near Arkiko, Ethiopia. Xerus dabagala HEDGLIN, 1861, Petermanns geogr. Mitt.: 17. Zeila and Berbera, N Somal'a. Sciurus (Xerus) fuscus HUET, 1880, Nouv. Archs Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris (2) 3: 139, pl. 6, fig. I. Adel Mountains, Ethiopia. Xerus saturatus NEUMANN, 1900, Zoo!. Jb. (Syst.) 13: 346. Kibwezi, Kenya. Xerus rutilus intensus THO:\IAS, 1904, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 14: 100. Gerlogobi Wells, Ethiopia. Xerus rutilus stephanicus Tuo:-..<As, 1906, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 18: 301. Lake Stephanie, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - The above list of synonyms includes all forms recorded from Ethiopia, some of which may represent valid subspecies. Identification. - X. rutilus is a harsh-furred squirrel like Euxerus, but without the white lateral stripe and more similar in size (Pm 4 -M 3 : ) to Heliosciurus, which it resembles in having 4/4 cheek teeth. Records. - CRETZSCHMAR, 1828: E slope of Ethiopia (probably near Massawa). - HEMPRICH & EHRENBERG, 1828: Gedem; Taranta, near Ailet. - HEUGLIN, 1861a: Zeila. - BREHM, 1863: Samchara; Mensa village. - FITZINGER, 1866: Massawa (also Taka, but apparently in error). - }ESSE, 1869: Senafe; Rareguddi. - BLANFORD, 1870: Annesley Bay; passes to (the NE of) Senafe. - HEDGLIN, 1877: upper Lebka valley; Massawa area. - HuET, 1880: Adel Mts. - ZICHY, 1880: Khor Suroita. - }ENTINK, 1882: Keren; Bogos; Massawa; Annesley Bay. - GrGLIOLI, 1888: Assab. - DEL PRATO, 1891: Keren; Asmara; Ghinda. -?BoTTEGO, 1892: Hakelo; Beheta (both Heliosciurus). OusTALET, 1894: Djibouti; Adel. - PrcAGLIA, 1895: Arba Scico. -

21 20 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK RHOADS, 1896: Shebeli; El Dere; Milmil. - THOMAS, 1903: Gildessa. -THOMAS, 1904: Gerlogobi.- THOMAS, 1906; ST. LEGER, 1937: Lake Stephanie. - DE BEAUX, 1922: Dolo. - DE BEAUX, 1931: Gaarre; Beilul. - DE BEAUX, 1939b: Malca Guba; Plain of Arero; Javello; Dubuluc. - DE BEAUX, 1943: El Banno; Gondaraba; Sagan (R.); Asile; Caschei; Murle; Elolo.- ]OYEUX & BAER, 1945: S Ethiopia.- HoPKINS & RoTHSCHILD, 1953: Dire Dawa; Karo Lola. - STRESEMANN, 1954: near Massawa. - HooGSTRAAL, 1955: Mega; El Banno; Murle; Bio Caboba; Sichi Baz.- STARCK, 1957: 30 km E of Harar.- BEADLES & lngersol, 1968: Erer River; Urso River; Dacata valley. - lngersol, 1968: Gota River; Erer River; Urso River; Afdem Plain; El Bah; Errer River; Fafan River; Alemaya. - BEAUCOURNU et al., 1972: Chunguru area.- CORBET & YALDEN, 1972: Valley of Rocks. Additional material. - B.M.: Lower Sooroo. - Sardo. - Near Batie. - Bitiju. - Afdem. - Sidam-Bale bridge ( '? ), l.iv Murle. - Mutti Galeb. - Engan. - Kazimimer. - Asile. N.H.M.A.A.: SW of Mt Mussalli (S). - Erer valley, M.276 ( d' ), 25.VIII.l Dacata valley, M.269 ( '? ), 19.VIII.l E of Mt Auata (S). - Ghinir (S). - SE of Magalo (S). - Bulcha Forest (S). - W of Lake Abaya (S).- S of El Carre (S).- 65 km E of Neghelli (S). SE of Filtu (S). S.M.F.: Coast of Ethiopia, Ilani, Haru Ali, 739. Note. - X. rutilus is confined to the arid areas of NE Africa and is the common ground squirrel of eastern Ethiopia, where it ranges from sea level to approximately 2000 m. Although, at some localities, sympatric with both Euxerus and Heliosciurus, its distribution is conspicuously different from that of these western forms. HooGSTRAAL ( 1955 ), when considering the host-specificity of certain ticks in relation to the taxonomy of Xerus and Euxerus, failed to realise that both genera are present, and even sympatric, in Ethiopia. 4. Paraxerus ochraceus (Huet, 1880) Sciurus ochraceus HuET, 1880, Nouv. Archs Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris (2) 3: 154, pl. 7, fig. 2. Bagamoyo, Tanzania. Sciurus ganana RHOADS, 1896, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad.: 522. Bar Madu, Ethiopia. Identification. - A soft-furred arboreal squirrel, differing from Heliosciurus in having a uniform, not banded, tail and 5/4 cheek teeth. Records.- RHOADS, 1896: Bar Madu.- DoNALDSON-SMITH, 1897: Ganana River, above Buntal ( = Bar Madu). - DE BEAUX, 1922: Dolo.

22 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 21 B. FAMILY GLIRIDAE 1. Graphiurus murinus (Desmarest, 1822) Myoxus murinus DESMAREST, 1822, Encyclop. Method. Mamm., Suppl.: 542. Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Myoxus orobinus WAGNER, 1845, Arch. Naturgesch. 11: 149. Sennaar, Sudan. Graphiurus microtis saturatus DOLLMAN, 1910, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 5: 204. Mt Elgon, Kenya. Graphiurus brockmani DoLLMAN, 1910, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 5: 287. Burao, Somalia. Graphiurus brockmani internus DOLLMAN, 1912, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 9: 318. Nyama Nyango ( =Samburu Lodge), Kenya. Identification. - This is the only species of dormouse in Ethiopia. Its soft, dense, greyish fur and bushy tail are distinctive. Records.- DaLLMAN, 1910: Burao.- DE BEAUX, 1943: Saganeiti; Mt Amar Cocche. - HAYMAN, 1960: Guri Dagono. - ANDRAL et al., 1968: Manera Forest. - BEADLES & lngersol, 1968: Gara Mullata; Hirna valley.- lngersol, 1968: Gara Mullata.- CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: Fincha River (mouth).- AsHFORD et al., 1973: Kutaber. Additional material. - B.M.: E shore of Lake Awasa, ( cf ), 20.VIII Godare Forest km NW of Kebre Mengist (2 9 9 ), IV N.H.M.A.A.: Kutaber, M.610, 14.II SW of Koka (S). - W shore of Lake Langano, M.41 ( cf ), 23.V Sidam-Bale bridge (S). Note. - G. murinus has been collected in Ethiopia at altitudes of m. The relatively small number of records for this species is probably a reflection of its arboreal habits rather than of genuine scarcity and diversified trapping techniques, particularly the use of alcohol-soaked baits, may provide much new information. c. FAMILY CRICETIDAE 1. Lophiomys imhausi Milne-Edwards, 1867 Lophiomys imhausi MILNE-EDWARDS, 1867, L'Institct, Paris 35: 46. Probably the interior of N Somalia (the type purchased in Aden). Phractomys aethiopicus PETERS, 1867, Z. Ges. Naturw. Berl. 29: 195. Maman, N of Kassala, Sudan. Lophiomys smithi RHOADS, 1896, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad.: 524, pl. 25. Sheikh Hussein, Ethiopia. Lophiomys bozasi OusTALET, 1902, Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris 8: 400. Goba, Ethiopia. Identification. - The combination of large size, long, bicoloured fur and bushy tail makes the Crested Rat unmistakable. The skull is also

23 22 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK distinctive; its upper surface granulated, the temporal fossae roofed by plates of bone and cheek teeth 3/3. Records. - PETERS, 1867: Maman. - HEUGLIN, 1877: Bogos; Barka area.- GESTRO, 1879; GIGLIOLI, 1881: Keren.- ]ENTINK, 1888; HoLLISTER, 1919: Let Marefia. - PICAGLIA, 1895: Acrur, Accle Cusai; Let Marefia. - RHOADS, 1896; DoNALDSON-SMITH, 1897: Sheikh Hussein. - ANDERSON & DE WINTON, 1902: Fekkeri Ghasa forest; Tikem forest; Keren.- OusTALET, 1902: Goba; Keren; Massawa.- SoRDELLI, 1902: Nefassit; Araroba; Adi Caie; Keren; Acrur, Accle Cusai.- PARISI, 1917: Nefassit; Araroba; Adi Caie.- lngersol, 1968: Gara Mullata. LANZA, 1972: Awash National Park. Additional material. - N.H.M.A.A.: Bole valley, M.723, -.II Upper Danka River, Dinshu, M.485. S.M.F.: Abyssinia, Note. - This species, which has been recorded near sea level at Massawa and extends at least as high as 3300 m, is clearly tolerant of a wide range of habitats and by no means confined to forested localities. 2. Tat era robusta ( Cretzschmar, 1830) Meriorzes robustus CRETZSCHMAR, 1830, in: Senckenberg. naturf. Ges.: Atlas Reise Nord!. Afrika E. Riippell, Saugeth.: 75, pl. 29. Kordofan, Sudan. Meriorzes murirzus SuNDEVALL, 1843, K. svenska Vetensk-Akad. Hand!. for 1842: 231. Bahr el-abiad, Sudan. Gerbillus (Tatera) plzillipsi DE WINTOS, 1898, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 1: 253. Hanki Deli. Somalia. Tatera shoana WRoUGHTON, 1906, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 17: 492. Jiffa Medir, Somalia. Tatera vicirza bodessana FRICK, 1914, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 9: 15. Bodessa, Ethiopia. Tatera mirzuscula OsGOOD, 1936, Pubis Field Mus. nat. Hist. (Zoo!.) 20: 230. Sheikh Hussein, Ethiopia. Identification. - Tatera, like Taterillus, has lamellate molars, but is distinguished from that genus by its wider posterior palatal vacuities (Fig. 3) and usually greater size. T. robusta (M 1-3 : ) is larger than T. valida and has a longer tail (ca 130% HB), white beneath and with a slight, dark terminal tuft. Records.- RHOADS, 1896 (T. afra): Sheikh Hussein; Hargeisa;?Lake Rudolph. - THOMAS, 1903: Lake Zwai. - WROUGHTON, 1906: Jiffa Medir. - KLATT, 1913: Saati. - FRICK, 1914: Bodessa; Black Abai Lake (=Lake Abaya). -DE BEAUX, 1922: Dolo. -DE BEAUX, 1930: Agordat. - OsGOOD, 1936: Sheikh Hussein; Luku; Kukeru Springs. - BEADLES & INGER SOL, 1968: Urso River; Erer River; Dacata valley; Armucale River; near Scenele.- lngersol, 1968: Afdem Plain; Gota River; Urso River; Errer River.- CORBET & YALDEN, 1972: Awash National Park (N bank of Awash River).- LANZA, 1972: Awash National Park.

24 Fig Some diagnostic features of rodents. Tatera (Al) differs from Taterillus (A2) in having shorter but broader posterior palatal vacuities. Both Tatera and Taterillus (Bl, B3) differ from Gerbillus (B2, B4) in their more lamellate first upper molars and in having the mastoid region of the skull uninflated. Rattus ( Cl) has shorter anterior palatal foramina but longer molar toothrows than Praomys (C2). The two species of Stenocephalemys may be distinguished by the shape of the interorbital region; in cross-section, that of S. griseicauda is rounded (Dl) while that of albocaudata is square (D2). Dendromus lovati (E) has a distinctive pattern of stripes over the rump.

25 24 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK Additional material. - B.M.: Laga Hardim.- Koka.- Lake Zwai (the material doubtfully referred to murina by THOMAS, 1903).- Gamofi. -Sheikh Hussein.- So Omar ( 9 ), 27.XII Konso.- 95 km E of Neghelli (3 c:fc:f, 9 ), 6-8.IV km N of Dawa River ( 9 ), 8.IV Sigirsa. N.H.M.A.A.: Awash Falls, M Koka, M.580-1, 6-8.IV Note. - Like all gerbils, this species is characteristic of rather arid habitats at lower altitudes. It has been recorded in Ethiopia from approximately 200 to 1700 m. 3. Tatera valida (Bocage, 1890) Gerbillus validus BocAGE, 1890, J. Sci. math. phys. nat. Lisboa (2) 2: 6, figs 1-1a. Ambaca, Angola. Tatera soror G. M. ALLEN, 1914, Bull. Mus. camp. Zool. Harvard 58: 333. Fazoghli, Sudan. Identification. - T. valida is distinguished from other Ethiopian members of the genus by its smaller size (M 1-3 : ) and shorter tail (approximately equal to HB), pale beneath and with no terminal tuft. Records. -G. M. ALLEN, 1914: Fazoghli. -CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: 10 km W of Mabil; Didessa River mouth. Additional material. - B.M.: Gam bela. N.H.M.A.A.: Gambela, M. 472 ( 9 ). 4. Tatera nigricauda (Peters, 1878) Gerbilius nigricaudus PETERS, 1878, Mber. K. preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl.: 200. Ndi, Kenya. Tatera nigricauda bodessae FRICK, 1914, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 9: 14. Sagan River, Bodessa, Ethiopia. Identification. -This species resembles T. robusta in both overall size and length of tail, but differs in that the tail is dark both above and below. Records. -FRICK, 1914: Bodessa; Wobok. - ToscHr, 1963: German Safari Camp, Magi. - BEAUCOURNU et al., 1972: Chunguru area. 5. Taterillus emini (Thomas, 1892) Gerbillus emini THOMAS, 1892, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 9: 78. Wadelai, Uganda. Tatera harringtoni THOMAS, 1906, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 18: 303. Mutti Ga!eb, NE of Lake Rudolph, Ethiopia. Taterillus emini zammarani DE BEAUX, 1922, Atti. Soc. ital. Sci. nat. 61: 27. Dolo, Somalla. Taxonomy. -CoRBET & YALDEN (1972) considered r. emini and T. harringtoni to be distinct, with the latter a much smaller species.. However, we follow the opinion of RoBBINS (197 3) who believes that the two are conspecific.

26 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 25 Identification. - Taterillus differs from Tatera in having narrower but longer posterior palatal vacuities (Fig. 3 ). Records. - THOMAS, 1906: Mutti Galeb. - DE BEAUX, 1922: Dolo. - CoRBET & Y ALDEN, 1972: Awash National Park (N bank of Awash River); 60 km E of Harar.- GENEST & PETTER, 1973: (northern) shores of Lake Rudolph. Additional material. - B.M.: 90 km W of Konso, ( cf ), 4.VIII N.H.M.A.A.: Hamar Koke, M. 96 ( ' ), 6.VIII.l969. Note. - Specimens from Afdem Plain and the Errer River at Bisidimo, recorded by lngersol (1968) as Tatera sp., may be referrable to T aterillus emini. 6. Ammodillus imbellis (De Winton, 1898) Gerbillus imbellis DE WINTON, 1898, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 1: 249. Goodar, Somalia. Identification. - This is a medium-sized gerbil (M 1 -': ca 4.4) with a long tufted tail, readily distinguished from related forms by the absence of a coronoid process on the lower jaw. Record. - THOMAS, 1904: Gerlogobi. 7. Gerbil! us ( Gerbillus) pyramidum I. Geoffroy, 1825 Gerbillus pyramidum I. GEOFFROY, 1825, Dictionnaire Class. Hist. Nat. 7: 321. Giza Province, Egypt. Gerbillus pulvinatus RHOADS, 1896, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad.: 537. Rusia, Lake Rudolph, Ethiopia. Gerbillus dunni THOMAS, 1904, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 14: 101. Gerlogobi, Ethiopia. Gerbillus bilensis FRICK, 1914, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 9: 12. Near Bilen, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. -PETTER (1968) regarded G. dunni and G. pyramidum as distinct species, but made no mention of either pulvinatus or bilensis. G. dunni was said to be recognised by its slightly smaller size, but the available specimens of this species (including the type) do not seem to differ significantly from material referred to G. pyramidum. FRICK (1914) distinguished bilensis from pulvinatus only by colouration, so the two are likely to be, at most, only subspecifically distinct. At present, therefore, there seems to be no reason for considering that these four names represent more than one species. Identification. - Gerbillus differs from T atera and T aterillus in having cuspidate, rather than lamellate, first molars and inflated tympanic bullae (Fig. 3). G. pyramidum, being a member of the subgenus Gerbillus, has hairy soles to the hind feet, which distinguish it from G. (Dipodillus)

27 26 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK ruberrimus. The species is also somewhat larger (M 1-3 : ) than either G. ruberrimus or G. gerbillus. Records.- RHOADS, 1896: Rusia.- THOMAS, 1904: Gerlogobi. FRICK, 1914: near Bilen. - DE BEAUX, 1943: Gondaraba; Calam. PETTER, 1968: French Somaliland.- WAHRMANN & GouREVITZ, 1973: Ethiopia; French Somaliland. Additional material. - B.M.: Arkiko, km NE of Lake Rudolph, ( cf ), 9.VIII N.H.M.A.A.: 50 km NE of Lake Rudolph, M. 100 ( cf ), 9.VIII Gerbillus (Gerbillus) gerbillus (Olivier, 1800) Dipus gerbillus OLIVIER, 1800, Bull. Soc. philomath., Paris 2: 121. Giza Province, Egypt. Gerbillus aegyptius DESMAREST, 1804, Nouveau Dictwnn. His!. nat. Ed. 1, 24: 22. Egypt. Identification. - This species is smaller than G. pyramidum (M 1-3 less than 4.0, hindfoot less than 27) and more closely resembles G. ruberrimus, from which it may be distinguished by the hairy soles of the hind feet. Records. -BLANFORD, 1870; HEDGLIN, 1877: Adulis Bay.- Ous TALET, 1894: Obock. 9. Gerbillus (Dipodillus) ruberrimus Rhoads, 1896 Gerbillus ruberrimus RHOADS, 1896, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad.: 538. Finik, Ethiopia. Gerbillus (Dipodillus) harwoodi THOMAS, 1901, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 8: 275. Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Taxonomy. - PETTER ( 1968) mentions neither ruberrimus nor harwoodi and it is not clear where these species would fit into his key. There seems to be no difference between specimens referred by lngersol ( 1968) to G. ruberrimus and those identified by CoRBET & Y ALDEN ( 1972) as G.? harwoodi and, in the absence of contradictory evidence, it is therefore assumed that only one species of G. (Dipodillus) is present in Ethiopia ( 1 ). Identification. - As a member of the subgenus Dipodillus (which PETTER, 1968 calls Hendecapleura ), G. ruberrimus differs from both pyramidum and gerbillus in having naked soles to the hind feet, and is also somewhat smaller (M 1-3 : ) than these species. There are, (1) Note added in proof. - RoCHE (1975) considers that G. ruberrimus should be referred to the synonymy of G. pusillus Peters, 1878 (type locality: Ndi, Kenya). He is inclined to regard harwoodi as a valid species, which is believed to be slightly larger and darker in colour than pusillus, but admits that a proportion of specimens are interme:liate between the two taxa and cannot be allocated with certainty.

28 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECT!VORA AND RODENTIA 27 however, two other species of G. (Dipodillus) which may well be found in Ethiopia. G. somalicus (Thomas, 1910) from Upper Sheikh, N Somalia (G. campestris somalicus in PETTER, 1968) is of similar size but has a longer tail ( ca 135) and longer hind feet ( ca 28) than G. ruberrimus (tail: ; hindfoot: 19-22). G. brockmani (Thomas, 1910) from Burao, N Somalia (G. nanus brockmani in PETTER, 1968) resembles ruberrimus in size, length of tail and length of hind foot but has more inflated tympanic bullae which extend beyond the occipital region when viewed in profile. Records. - RHOADS, 1896: Finik. - THOMAS, 1898: Lugh. - lngersol, 1968: Afdem Plain. - CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: Awash National Park. Additional material.- B.M.: Awash Falls, (cf), 8.VI.l969. N.H.M.A.A.: Awash National Park, M. 474 (cf), 27.IX Awash Falls, M. 46 ( ~ ), 8.VI.l969. N.B. - Meriones lacernatus Riippell, 1842 (Mus. Senckenberg. 3: 96, 115, pl. 6, fig. 1. Lake Dembea, Ethiopia) has usually been considered to represent the genus Arvicanthis, e.g. by THOMAS (1901c, 1903 ). It is now apparent, however, that lacernatus is a composite for, while the skin appears to be that of an Arvicanthis and may have been obtained in Ethiopia, the type skull, which was separate and not included in the stuffed skin, has proved upon re-examination (D. KocK) to be Meriones. This genus might, conceivably, occur in the extreme N of Ethiopia but is most unlikely to be present near Lake Tana. The name Meriones lacernatus Riippell, 1842 is best regarded as a nomen dubium. D. FAMILY MURIDAE 1. Mus (Mus) musculus Linnaeus, 1758 Mus musculus LrNNAEus, 1758, Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 1: 62. Sweden. Mus gentilis BRANTS, 1827, Het Geslacht der Muizen: 126. Egypt and Nubia. Mus orientalis CRETZSCHMAR, 1830 (not DESMAREST, 1819), in: Senckenberg. naturf. Ges.: Atlas Reise Nardi. Afrika E. Riippcll, Saugeth.: 76, pl. 30a. Massawa, Ethiopia (but Egypt, fide MERTENS, 1925). Mus vignaudii DEs Muas & PREVOST, 1851, in: Lefebvre's Voy. en Abyssinie, Atlas Zool.: pl. 5, fig. 2. Ethiopia (Adigrat, fide FITZINGER, 1866). Taxonomy. - It is usual to regard the various forms of «house mouse» as varieties or races of a single species, Mus musculus, but this name should, perhaps, be restricted to dark-bellied, long-tailed forms with relatively narrow tympanic bullae (KocK, 1974 ). On Chios, in the Aegean, there appears to be a pale-bellied, short-tailed form with broader bullae

29 28 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK living sympatrically with Mus musculus. It seems unlikely, therefore, that pale-bellied forms from south of the Mediterranean (including gentilis and vignaudi) should really be regarded as conspecific with musculus but, for the present, we have adopted the conservative position. Identification. - This species is distinguished from other Ethiopian members of the genus by having a tail which roughly equals the length of head and body; in representatives of the subgenus Leggada the tail is appreciably shorter. The notched upper incisors also help to identify commensal populations of M. musculus. Records. -?CRETZSCHMAR, 1830: Massawa. - Ri.iPPELL, 1842a: Coast of Ethiopia.- DEs MuRs & PREVOST, 1851: Abyssinia.- BREHM, 1863: Massawa; Mkullu. - FrTZINGER, 1866: Massawa; Adigrat. - GrGLIOLI, 1888: Assab. - OusTALET, 1894: Obock. - }oyeux et al., 1936: Dire Dawa. -?ToscHr, 1947: Addis Ababa. Additional material. - B.M.: Awash National Park, ( 9 ), 23.VII N.H.M.A.A.: Addis Ababa, M. 243 ( 9 ), 30.IV.1969; M. 465 (c:i'), 20.XI.l969. S.M.F.: Bahar Dar. -Lake Tana. - Massawa. 2. Mus (Leggada) tenet! us (Thomas, 1903) Leggada tene/la THOMAS, 1903, Proc. zoo!. Soc. Land., 1: 298. Roseires, Sudan.?Leggada bella THOMAS, 1910, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 5: 87. Machakos, Kenya. Leggada bella gallarum THOMAS, 1910, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 5: 88. Harar, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - The pigmy mice, formerly placed in the genus Leggada, are now usually included in Mus. The literature on this group in Ethiopia is very confused with nine specific names in use, although there are in fact only three forms present. The synonyms quoted are intended to apply only to Ethiopian records and it is not certain that specimens of M. bellus from elsewhere in Africa should also be included. The name M. minutoides A. Smith, 1834 (type locality: Cape Town, South Africa) has often been applied, rather indiscriminately, to examples of M. (Leggada). ELLERMAN et al. ( 1953) may be correct in considering minutoides to be the prior name for bellus, but it is not conspecific with M. tenellus since the latter is an appreciably smaller form. Identification. -Mus tenellus is the smallest member of the genus in Ethiopia (M 1-3 : ) and comparable in size with the West African M. haussa. Most commonly it is white ventrally and ginger above, but the dorsal colour is rather variable; there may be a darker mid-dorsal zone and in some specimens this dark colouration extends laterally.

30 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 29 Records. - RHOADS, 1896: Jire; Sogida. -THOMAS, 1901b, 1910: Harar. - THOMAS, 1903: Roseires. - DE BEAUX, 1939a: Tessenei; Farre; Ogaden. - CORBET & YALDEN, 1972: Awash National Park (N bank of Awash River); 10 km E of Caroarsa River; 10 km W of Mabil. Additional material. - B.M.: Galla bat (these are the specimens referred to by THOMAS, 1928 as having been collected by Cheesman «mostly south of Lake Tana» and identified by that author as Leggada bella gallarum).- Godare Forest.- Sidamo, 140 miles S of Addis Ababa. - Arba Minch. N.H.M.A.A.: Backo, Wollega, M. 66,90 (2 cfcf), VII Didessa River bridge, M. 577, 13.VII S.M.F.: Melca Werrer, 44872, 9.VIII.l972.- Awash National Park, Note. - PETTER ( 1972b) has commented upon the distinctiveness of this species and observed that it has a distribution surrounding Ethiopia. It is now apparent that M. tenellus is also widespread within this country, although restricted to lower altitudes ( m ). 3. Mus (Leggada) proconodon Rhoads, 1896 Mus (Pseudoconomys) proconodon RHOADS, 1896, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad.: 531. Sheikh Hussein, Ethiopia. Leggada pasha THOMAS, 1910, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 5: 89. Tingasi, Uele district, Zaire. Taxonomy. - Some specimens which are now assigned to M. proconodon have previously been referred to M. minutoides. If indeed these are conspecific, then minutoides is the prior name, but it is clearly premature to group them at present. Identification. - This is the largest of the three Ethiopian pigmy mice (M 1-3 : ) but its size to some extent overlaps that of M. mahomet. Like mahomet, it is greyish-brown dorsally, sometimes more sandy than that species but differing chiefly in having a clear white ventral surface and no ginger dividing line on the flank. Records. -RHOADS, 1896: Sheikh Hussein. -OsGOOD, 1936: Abu el Kassim; Luku; Bodessa Habra; Kalata River; Kukeru Springs; Mekki River; Muger River; Sheikh Hussein. -?DE BEAUX, 1943: Murle (M. gratus ). - CORBET & Y ALDEN, 1972: 10 km W of Mabil. Additional material. - B.M.: Backo, Wollega, (3 cf cf, 7 ~ ~, 1?sex), 9-18.VII Godare Forest (10 exx.). N.H.M.A.A.: Backo, Wollega, M , 69, 91 (3cf cf, ~ ), VII.1969.

31 30 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK Note. - This is essentially a lowland species, reliably recorded from m and possibly extending down to about 400 m if DE BEAUX's specimen from Murle is correctly assigned. It is obviously distinctly larger than the other lowland form, M. tenellus, and the two are recorded sympatrically in the Blue Nile gorge near Mabil, in the Godare Forest and at Backo, Wollega. Its distinction from M. mahomet is less certain in view of the overlap in both size and altitudinal range. Moreover, a few specimens, apparently referrable to M. mahomet, have a pure white ventral pelage similar to that of proconodon. It is possible either that formerly separated plateau and lowland forms can now meet, and perhaps hybridise, due to alteration of the habitat by man, or that these two forms are the extremes of an altitudinally-related cline in size and colour. The situation at Backo, Wollega, where all three Ethiopian species appear to be sympatric, obviously merits further study. The record of Mus proconodon from Addis Ababa (TosCH!, 1947) seems unlikely and, to judge from the measurements given by that author, may represent M. musculus. 4. Mus (Leggada) mahomet Rhoads, 1896? Mus!<erensis HEDGLIN, 1877, Reise in Nordost-Afrika 2: 67. Keren, Ethiopia. Mus mahomet RHOADS, 1896, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Phi1ad.: 532. Sheikh Mahomet, Ethiopia.? Leggada triton THOMAS, 1909, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 4: 548. Kirai's, foothills of Mt Elgon, Kenya.? Leggada grata THOMAS & WROUGHTON, 1910, Trans. Zoo!. Soc. Lond. 19: 507. Mubuku valley, Ruwenzori East, Uganda. Taxonomy. - It is not certain that gratus and triton are synonyms of M. mahomet, but Ethiopian examples previously referred to these species mostly belong here. Mus kerensis Heuglin, 1877 has a whitish underside (grey hair-bases) separated from the dorsal colour by an ochre line and a tail 66-75% the length of head and body. This may provide a prior name for M. mahomet and ALLEN (1939) is incorrect in listing it as a form of Mastomys coucha ( = Praomys natalensis ). Identification. - M. mahomet (M 1-3 : ) is somewhat larger than M. tenellus, greyish-brown dorsally and usually greyish-white beneath, the two colours separated by a narrow orange line. Records. -?HEDGLIN, 1877: Keren. - RHOADS, 1896: Sheikh Mahomet. - DE WINTON, 1900: Chellika. - THOMAS, 1903: Addis Ababa. -?KERSHAW, 1924: Bahar Dar. -?RoDE, 1933: Gondar. - Toscm, 1963: Wando. - BEADLES & INGERSOL, 1968: Gara Mullata;?Alemaya;?Damota;?Bisidimo. - CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: Debre

32 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 31 Marcos; 18 km NW of Dessie; 31 km NW of Dessie. - DoRST, 1972: Koffole. - KUMERLOEVE, 1974: Addis Ababa. Additional material.- B.M.: Adigrat.- Gondar.- Geshr Mariam. - Dangila. - Debre Marcos. - Backo, Wollega (3 c:f c:f, 1?sex), 6-17.VII Addis Ababa, (c:f, <i? ), 28.VIII.1966, 2.X Sabeta. - 5 km E of Scecchi River bridge ( c:f ), 5.! E of Abiu ( <i? ), 7.! Dinshu, 19.XII E shore of Lake Awasa ( <i? ), 18.VIII.l km SW of Salumber (d), 11..II km S of Debre Zehir ( <j? ), 12.II.l km from Bako, Gemu Gofa (2 c:fc:f), 14.II N.H.M.A.A.: E shore of Lake Awasa, M (2 c:f c:f), VIII km from Bako, Gemu Gofa, M. 174 ( c:f ), 14.II S.M.F.: Lake Tana, 26030, Bahar Dar, o o boo 0(1) E 0 oo 0 0 s ODD 000 o7 :3: 0 o o 7 0 o? 0:: Lll D[J] 0 0::. <( 0...J ?O 2 0:: ~ 28 a.. ::;) 0(2) Mus tenellus o mahomet o proconodon? no skin o? CONDYLOBASAL LENGTH (mm) Fig S:attergram of skull length and upper toothrow length for all available skulls of Mus (Leggada). The species were identified by their pelage, but no skins were available for six of the specimens. The example of M. mahomet marked ( 1) is very young and the molars are scarcely erupted; that marked (2) is very old and the teeth are worn down to stumps. The separation of M. tenellus is fairly clear but, on this evidence, M. mahomet and M. proconodon may intergrade.

33 32 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK Note. - M. mahomet is the common pigmy mouse of the Ethiopian plateaux and has been recorded from about m; a range which is distinctly different from that of the other two M. (Leggada). It does not seem to be especially commensal but frequently occurs in the secondary vegetation associated with human activity. 5. Muriculus imberbis (Riippell, 1842) Mus imberbis RDPPELL, 1842, Mus. Senckenberg. 3: 110, pl. 6, fig. 4. Entschetgab, Ethbpia. Muriculus imberbis chilaloensis OsGOOD, 1936, Pubis Field Mus. nat. Hist. (Zoo!.) 20: 245. Mt Albasso, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - Although invariably regarded as an endemic genus, it is at least debatable whether Muriculus is really distinct from Mus. Identification. - This readily identified species has a head and body about the same length as Mus musculus (80 mm), but with a shorter tail (60 mm) like that of Mus (Leggada). It is dark sandy-brown dorsally with just the hint of a mid-dorsal stripe, shading, in the nominate race, into a slightly paler colour on the venter. M. i. chilaloensis is creamy-white on the underside. Records.- RDPPELL, 1842a: Entschetgab.- THOMAS, 1903: Zegie. - THOMAS, 1928: S of Lake Tana: apparently based upon specimens in the British Museum (Natural History) from Dangila and Debre Marcos. - OsGOOD, 1936: Mt Albasso; SW base of Chokay Mts; Debre Marcos; Devark; Mt Geech; Muger River; Zegie.- TosCH!, 1963: Debre Marcos. Note. - This little-known endemic mouse has been recorded from altitudes between m on both sides of the Rift Valley. It has not been found by the most recent collectors and it seems possible that the species has become rarer since 1940, perhaps as a result of the conversion of its habitat to agricultural land. 6. Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) Mus rattus LINNAEUS, 1758, Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 1: 61. Sweden. Musculus frugivorus RAFINESQUE, 1814, Precis des Decouvertes et Travaux Somiologiques: 13. Sicily. Mus alexandrinus E. GEOFFROY & AuooUIN, 1829, Descript. de l'egypte 2: 733, Atlas pl. 5, fig. I. Alexandria, Egypt. Mus flavigaster HEUGLIN, 1861, Petermanns. geogr. Mitt. 7: 18. Sheikh Said Island, Eth'opia. Mus samharensis HEVGLIN, 1877, Reise in Nordost.Afrika 2: 67. Moncullo, Ethiopia. Identification. - Rattus differs from the native Praomys by its harsher fur and much larger cheek teeth, M 1 having five roots. R. rattus is best distinguished from R. norvegicus by its longer tail (ca % HB). Records. - RDPPELL, 1838b: Dahlak Kebir Island. - Ri.iPPELL, 1842a: Massawa. - HEDGLIN, 1861a; FITZINGER, 1866: Sheikh Said

34 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 33 Island (the latter as «Rattus flaviventris Lichtenstein»). - HEUGLIN, 1877: Moncullo.- GrGLIOLI, 1888: Assab.- OusTALET, 1894: Obock. - TosCH!, 1947; KuMERLOEVE, 1974: Addis Ababa. - BEADLES & lngersol, 1968: Alemaya; Damota valley.- lngersol, 1968: Alemaya; Errer River.- CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: Ghimbi; Bisidimo River; near Soddu. - AsHFORD et al., 1973: Kutaber. Additional material.- B.M.: Gondar.- Batie.- Dessie.- Addis Ababa, 4.VI N.H.M.A.A.: Kutaber, M (2 rj rj, 9 ), 12.IX Addis Ababa, M. 244, IV.1970; M. 605, 4.VI Jimma, M. 589, 9.II S.M.F.: Massawa. U.S.N.M.: Didessa River bridge. Note. -All three colour forms of the «Black Rat» occur in Ethiopia, but the two brown varieties ( «frugivorus» with a dusky venter and «alexandrinus», which is creamy-white beneath) are more common than the black form ( «rattus» ). The species seems to be strictly commensal in Ethiopia. 7. Rattus norvegzcus (Berkenhout, 1769) Mus norvegicus BERKENHOUT, 1769, Out!. Nat. Hist. Gt Britain 1: 5. Norway. Mus leucosternum RUPPELL, 1842, Mus. Senckenberg. 3: los, pl. 7, fig. 2. Massawa, Ethiopia. Identification. - This species is best distinguished from R. rattus by its relatively shorter tail ( ca 90% HB) and skull characters such as the broader rostrum and larger zygomatic plate. Records.- Rt.iPPELL, 1842a: Massawa.- DE BEAUX, 1931: Fatmah Island. Note. - This commensal species is evidently restricted in Ethiopia to coastal areas and probably dependent upon shipping for its continued occurrence in this country. 8. Praomys (Praomys) fumatus (Peters, 1878) Mus fumatus PETERS, 1878, Mber. K. preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl.: 200. Ukamba, Kenya. Mus tana TRUE, 1893, Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 16: 602. Between the coast and Hameye, Tana River, Kenya. Mus brockmani THOMAS, 1906, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 18: 298. Upper Sheikh, Somalia. Praomys fumatus allisoni HAYMAN, 1960, Rev. Zoo!. Bot. Afr. 62: 59. Robi, Shoa, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - Both P. fumatus and P. albipes have been tentatively assigned to the subgenus Myomyscus by DAVIS (1965), differentiated from the subgenus Praomys by the presence of pectoral and inguinal mammae.

35 34 D. W. YALDEN, M..T. LARGEN and D. KOCK Identification. - The genus Praomys is distinguished from Rattus by its silky fur, relatively smaller cheek teeth (M 1 having only three roots) and longer palatal foramina (Fig. 3 ). SETZER's ( 1956) attempt to separate Rattus and Praomys by the supposed absence of the cusp t 3 on M 2 in the former genus, is not valid since this character is present in R. rattus, the type species. P. fumatus (M 1-3 : ) is much smaller than the other Ethiopian members of the genus, has a very long tail ( ca 140% HB) and is usually sandy-brown dorsally and white beneath. Records. - DE BEAUX, 1939b: Malca Guba. - HAYMAN, 1960: Robi, Shoa. -BEADLES & INGERSOL, 1968: Dacata valley. - INGERSOL, 1968: Dacata River; Fafan River. - CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: 60 km E of Harar. Additional material. - B.M.: W shore of Lake Langano, ( <i ), 25.V Sof Omar (d'), 22.VI.l970.- Arba Minch (<i!), 30. IV N.H.M.A.A.: W shore of Lake Langano, M. 44 ( d' ), 26.V So Omar, M. 247,250 (d', <i ), VI.l970. S.M.F.: Lake Langano.- Lake Awasa. Note. - In Ethiopia, this species appears to be confined to the southeast and has been recorded from altitudes of m. It is, therefore, essentially a dry-country species and is frequently found in association with gerbils. 9. Praomys (Praomys) albipes (Riippell, 1842) Mus albipes ROPPELL, 1842, Mus. Senckenberg. 3: 107, pl. 6, fig. 2. Massawa (error), Ethiopia. Mus leucopus FITZINGER, 1867, Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 56 (1): 67. Massawa (error) and Shea, Ethiopia (the name attributed to ROPPELL by FITZINGER). Mus albipes var. minor HEUGLIN, 1877, Reise in Nordost-Afrika 2: 66. Modat valley, W of Massawa (error), Ethiopia. Epimys rufidorsalis alettensis FRICK, 1914, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 9: 17. Aletta, Ethiopia. Epimys rufidorsalis ankoberensis FRICK, 1914, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 9: 18. Ankober, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - Three of RDPPELL's original specimens from «Massawa» have recently been re-examined and the skull extracted from the type skin for the first time (D. KocK). There seems to be no doubt as to the identity of this material; the upper molar toothrows measure It is equally clear that all records of this species in the Massawa area (including the names leucopus Fitzinger and minor Heuglin) are based upon Riippell's collection and, however unlikely it may seem, all this material appears to have been incorrectly labelled. Massawa; Moncullo and the Modat valley all lie well below the altitudinal limits of this essen-

36 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 35 tially montane species. A similar conclusion was reached by OsGOOD (1936). ALLEN (19 39) considered fuscirostris Wagner, (type locality: Sennaar, Sudan) to be a subspecies of albipes but we are not convinced of this relationship and prefer to regard albipes as a monotypic, endemic species until more positive evidence to the contrary is available. A number of old specimens from Sudan, now in the British Museum (Natural History) and attributed to fuscirostris, have been re-examined. They do not represent albipes and are probably referrable to the natalensis complex. Nevertheless, there are a number of literature records of fuscirostris in Ethiopia which seem to be based upon misidentifications of typical albipes. Identification. - This species, like fumatus, is_distinguished from P. natalensis by its long tail (ca 125% HB). It is larger (M'- 3 : ) than fumatus and, despite the specific name, differs from both related forms in possessing a characteristic dark patch on the upper metatarsal region. Records. - (RUPPELL, 1842a: Massawa; Modat valley. - BREHM, 1863: Massawa; Mkullu. - FITZINGER, 1867: Massawa; Modat valley. - HEUGLIN, 1877: Modat valley) (1). - RuPPELL, 1842a; FITZINGER, 1867; HEUGLIN, 1877: Shoa.-?RHOADS, 1896: Sheikh Mahomet.- DE WINTON, 1900: Buromeda; Lekempti; Mendi; Beni Schongel.- THOMAS, 1901b: Lake Zwai. - SoRDELLI, 1902: Godolefassi. -THOMAS, 1903: Addis Ababa; Lake Zwai. - THOMAS, 1904: Harar. - FRICK, 1914: Ankober; Aletta.- PARISI, 1917: Godolefassi.- ToscHI, 1963: Debre Marcos; Bahar Dar; Wolisso.- HoPKINS & RoTHSCHILD, 1966: Njabara. - BEADLES & lngersol, 1968: Alemaya; Gara Mullata; Damota valley; Damota. - lngersol, 1968: Gara Mullata; Alemaya. - CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: Debre Marcos; Bahar Dar; near Mota; 48 km W of Addis Ababa (near Holetta); Bonchi valley; 31 km NW of Dessie. - DoRST, 1972: Dinshu; Koffole; Merab Abaya.- AsHFORD et al., 1973: Kutaber. - KuMERLOEVE, 1974: Addis Ababa; Alaltu. Additional material. - B.M.: Nefassit. - Dangila. - Fargeta. - Enjiabara. - Dembeecha. - Degen. - Kork. - Ankober. - Muger River. - Backo, Wollega ( d', ~ ), VII Sabeta. - W of Bedele (d'), km E of Scecchi River bridge (2 d'd', ~ ), Gabba River bridge ( d', 2 ~ ~ ), E of Abiu ( d', ~ ), km W of Gore ( d', ~ ), km N of Demdi ( d'), Camp Wodago. - Charada Forest. - Mt Albasso. - Mt Gaysay. - Dinshu. - Webi Shebeli, N of Dodola. - ( 1) These localities, based upon Riippell's collection, are considered to be crroneus.

37 36 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK Goba km NW of Kebre Mengist (5 cf cf, 3 <;> <;> ), IV km N of Chencha (cf, <;> ), 27.IV km N of Dorse (cf), 28.IV Near Otschollo ( cf, 2 <;> <;> ), 29.IV km SE of Kebre Mengist ( cf, 2 <;> <;> ), 30.III Moyale. N.H.M.A.A.: Bahar Dar, M. 409 (cf), 10.IX Kutaber, M. 609; M. 704 (cf), 2.IX Backo, Wollega, M. 55 (cf), 8.VII Gafersa, M Sabeta, M E of Abiu, M. 371 ( cf ), km W of Gore, M. 388 ( cf ), km N of Demdi, M. 401 (cf), Godare Forest, M (2 cfcf). Mt Gaysay, M. 708 ( cf ), 24.XII Dinshu, M. 159 ( cf ), 4.XII Adaba, M. 502, 506 (2 cf cf ), 16.XII S.M.F.: Between Ambo and Geddo. - E of Geddo. Note. - This is the common rat of the Ethiopian plateaux at altitudes of about m. The only reliable records from lower altitudes are provided by specimens from Merab Abaya ( 1285 m) and the Godare Forest ( 820 m), the latter being a locality from which several other «montane» forms have been obtained. The most likely explanation for this phenomenon is that many of the species usually referred to as «montane» are normally prevented from extending to lower altitudes by increasing aridity. This restriction does not operate in the humid, densely-forested regions of SW Ethiopia and, as a result, many species characteristic of the plateau reach their lowest altitudinal limits in this area. Conversely, as has been previously noted (p. 19), a number of «lowland» forms appear to reach unusually high altitudes in the arid highlands of NE Ethiopia. An example of P. albipes in the British Museum (Natural History) labelled «So Omar», where is was captured, had almost certainly been carried to this site from Dinshu by the collectors (D.W. Yalden & M. J. Largen). P. albipes seems to he associated with more natural vegetation than does P. natalensis, although the two occur together at some localities. While, at present, considered to be endemic to Ethiopia, the record of P. albipes from the Kenyan border at Moyale indicates that the species probably extends into neighbouring territories. 10. Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis (A. Smith, 1834) Mus natalensis A. SMITH, 1834, S. Afr. q. J. 2: 156. Near Durban, South Africa. Mus coucha A. SMITH, 1836, Rept. exped. for exploring Central Africa from Cape of Good Hope: 43. «Between Orange River and the Tropic>, Botswana. Mus macrolepis SuNDEVALL, 1843, K. svenska Vetensk-Akad. Handl. for 1842: 218. Sennaar, Sudan. Mus microdmz PETERS, 1852, Reise nach Mossambique, Saugeth.: 149; pl. 35, figs 5-6; pl. 36, fig.!. Tete, Mozambique.

38 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 37 Mus latera/is HEUGLIN, 1877, Reise in Nordost-Afrika Dembea Province, Ethiopia. Mus tacaziena HEVGLIN, 1877, Reise in Nordost-Afrika 2: 72. Tacazze River, Ethiopia. Epimys hildebranti gardulensis FRICK, 1914, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 9: 18. Gardula, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - The multi-mammate rats have, in the past, been considered to represent a distinct genus, Mastomys, but are now generally regarded as being only a subgenus of Praomys. Within this group, OsGOOD (1936) believed that there were two Ethiopian species while DoRST ( 1972) considers that three sympatric species o:::cur at Merab Abaya. In West Africa, MATTHEY (1966) has shown that forms with different chromosome numbers may co-exist, and the same may well be true of Mastomys in Ethiopia. However, very few specimens from anywhere in Africa have been examined cytogenetically and distinctions based upon other, more standard, taxonomic characters seem impossible to apply rigorously. Consequently, all specimens are here referred to a single species, although further work may necessitate revision of this position. The forms lateralis and tacaziena were described by HEDGLIN (1877) from his diary notes and may prove to be unidentifiable. ALLEN (1939) listed Mus rufidorsalis Heuglin, 1877 under both Mastomys and Arvicanthis; we have followed the latter opinion. Identification. - P. natalensis is similar in size to P. albipes, but differs in having a distinctly shorter tail (ca % HB) and pure white hind feet, lacking the dark metatarsal mark of albipes. Aethomys kaiseri (Noack, 1887) is a superficially similar species with white hind feet and a tail which almost equals the head and body, but is rather larger (M 1-3 : ) than P. natalensis. It is known from Uganda and could occur in SW Ethiopia, although one specimen from Gambela, initially identified as Aethomys (B.M ), seems in fact to belong to the P. natalensis group. Records. - HEDGLIN, 1877: Dembea Province; Tacazze River. - RHOADS, 1896: Ethiopia. -THOMAS, 1898: between Badditu and Dime. - THOMAS, 1901b: Balchi. - THOMAS, 1903: Addis Ababa; Awash River; Gubre; Abulie. - FRICK, 1914: Gardula; Addis Ababa; Tertale; Black Abbai Lake (=Lake Abaya). - DE BEAUX, 1922: Addis Ababa. - DE BEAUX, 1925: Gondar. - OsGOOD, 1936: Metemma; Dejem district; Muger River; Lake Shalla; Addis Ababa; Arnoon; Chilga; Dangila; Devark; Dungulbar; Ferkaber; Galampso; Godessa Habra; Gumara River; Kukeru Springs; Mota; Sirre; Sagatta; Webi Shebeli ridge. - ToscHr, 1947: Gullale; Bale; Ghemira.- ToscHr, 1963: Giamo; Magi; Maggio. -HoPKINS & RoTHSCHILD, 1966: Sidamo, 140 miles S of Addis Ababa. - BEADLES & INGERSOL, 1968: Alemaya; Damota valley. - INGERSOL, 1968: Alemaya; Errer River. - BEAUCOURNU et al., 1972: Chunguru village. -CORBET & YALDEN, 1972: 10 km W of Mabil; Guder River

39 38 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK (mouth); Azir River (mouth); Didessa River (mouth); Bahar Dar; 24 km N of Ghimbi; Bisidimo River; Awash National Park; Bonchi valley; Collufu River; Darsi River mouth; Little Abbai (bridge). - DoRST, 1972: Merab Abaya. Additional material. - B.M.: Dabat. - Gallabat. - Qumar. - Zaudy Grar. - Dugbasa. - Zegi. - Tissisat. - Geshr Mariam. - Lumi River.- Kolaj. - Jigga. -Near Raracore. - Debre Marcos. - Robi, Shoa. - Wutrun River. - Backo, Wollega ( d' ), 6.VII Addis Ababa. - Dedota, Awash River. - Quola, Awash River. - Gambela (d'), 27.XII.1969; (c;j!), 18.VII W shore of Lake Zwai ( c;j! ), 2.XI.l969.- Ghinir.- Allata.- Zend River.- Felenguai (2 c;j! c;j!, 1?sex), 15.II Arba Minch ( c;j! ), 16.VIII km N of Sidam-Bale bridge ( c;j! ), 3.IV Delhena River, Konso. 50 km NE of Lake Rudolph (d'), 8.VIII N.H.M.A.A.: Kutaber, M ( d', 2 c;j! c;j! ), IX Didessa River mouth, M. 405 ( d' ), 26.VIII.l Backo, Wollega, M. 57, 72 (2 c;j! c;j! ), 8 12.VII Gambela, M. 261 (d'), 18.VII. 1970; M. 470; M. 473 ( c;j! ), 21.V.1969; M. 539 (d'), 27.XII W shore of Lake Zwai, M (2 d'd'), 2.XI.l969.- W shore of Lake Langano, M. 42 ( d' ), 24.V N shore of Lake Abaya, M. 188 ( c;j! ), 24.Il S of Lote, M. 185 ( c;j! ), 17.II Arba Minch, M. 103 (d'), 16.VIII km from Bako, Gemu Gofa, M (2 d'd'), 14.II km NE of Lake Rudolph, M. 99 ( d' ), 8.VIII.l969. S.M.F.: Gondar. -Lake Tana. - E of Geddo. - Lake Awasa. U.S.N.M.: Didessa River bridge. - Koka. - Gambela. - Bulcha Forest. Note. - This species (or group of species) has an altitudinal range which considerably overlaps that of Praomys albipes but is, in general, somewhat lower. P. natalensis has been recorded in Ethiopia from 500 to 2900 m but seems to be comparatively scarce above 2500 m. At lower altitudes, it is not noticeably a dry-country form but tends to be associated with river valleys and lakesides, where it is often an inhabitant of cultivated land. 11. Stenocephalemys albocaudata Frick, 1914 Stenocephalemys albocaudata FRICK, 1914, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 9: 8, pis 1-2. lnyala camp, Chilalo Mts, Ethiopia. Identification. - The genus Stenocephalemys is quite closely related to Praomys, especially to P. albipes, but its members are much larger, have a thicker coat and the interorbital region of the skull is relatively very narrow. The tail is comparatively short (ca 90% HB). S. albocaudata

40 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTivORA AND RODENTIA 39 is on average larger (M 1-3 : ) than 5. griseicauda and the tail is mostly white. The best distinguishing feature, however, is the shape of the interorbital region, which has a square cross-section in albocaudata (Fig. 3 ). Records. - FRICK, 1914: Inyala camp, Chilalo Mts; Bora Mt. - PETTER, 1972a; DoRST, 1972: Dinshu.- YALDEN, 1973: Urgana valley. Additional material. - B.M.: Ueb River, Dinshu, Mt Gaysay, , 1218, Urgana valley, , N.H.M.A.A.: Mt Borabu, M. 156 ( d' ), S of Dinshu, M. 503, 23.XII Urgana valley, M. 710 ( <.i? ), Mt Batu, M. 505, l.il Note. - S. albocaudata is an endemic species which is, apparently, confined to the eastern plateau. It is recorded from m but is most common at altitudes above 3500 m, where it is characteristic of Alchemilla scrub. 12. Stenocephalemys griseicauda Petter, 1972 Stenocephalemys griseicauda PETTER, 1972, Mammalia 36: 171. Dinshu, Ethiopia. Identification. - S. griseicauda (M 1-3 : ) is generally rather smaller than albocaudata, although there is some overlap in size, and the tail, while similarly proportioned, is usually grey on the dorsal side. The best distinguishing feature is the shape of the interorbital region which, in griseicauda, is rather rounded in cross-section (Fig. 3 ). Records. - PETTER, 1972a: Dinshu; Mt Chilalo; Simien Mts; Sakalla. - DoRsT, 1972: Dinshu. Additional material.- B.M.: 4 km S of Debre Sina ( d', 9 ), 4.V Mt Borabu (d'), S slope of Mt Gaysay, , 1198, , , km W of Dinshu, Ueb River, Dinshu, , Garba Guracha, Urgana valley, N.H.M.A.A.: W of Dinshu, M. 709 ( d' ), 22.XII Dinshu, M (6 d' d' ), Note. - This endemic species is more widespread on the high plateaux than its congener. It is recorded from m but is most common at heights of about 3000 m. Apparently, S. griseicauda replaces Praomys albipes as the common rat at these altitudes and is itself largely replaced still higher by S. albocaudata. Conceivably, the two species of Stenocephalemys were once separated by the Erica arborea zone, one being formerly confined to the grasslands below and the other to the moorlands above.

41 40 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK 13. Oenomys hypoxanthus (Pucheran, 1855) Mus hypoxanthus PucHERAN, 1855, Rev. Mag. Zool. i: 206. Gabon. Identification. - There are three genera of bush or thicket rats in Ethiopia (Oenomys, Grammomys and Thallomys), all with essentially Rattus-like skulls and tails longer than the head and body. Oenomys is most readily distinguished by its pelage; the reddish colouration of the nose and cheeks being particularly characteristic. The forequarters are speckled grey-brown but the hindquarters, as in Grammomys, are reddish. The tail is relatively short (ca 110% HB) and so sparsely haired that it appears naked. Records. - ANDRAL et al., 1968: Manera Forest. Additional material. - B.M.: Godare Forest. U.S.N.M.: Didessa River bridge. - Koka. - Gambela. Note. - This is essentially a forest form, widespread throughout sub-saharan Africa. The limited number of records from Ethiopia may, perhaps, be attributed to the fact that the forested southwestern regions of the country have only recently been extensively collected. The species has now been found at altitudes of m. 14. Grammomys dolichurus (Smuts, 1832) M(us) dolichurus SMUTS, 1832, Enumerat. Mamm. Capens.: 38, pl. 2. Near Cape Town, South Africa. Thamnomys macmillani WROUGHTON, 1907, Ann. Mag. nat. His!. (7) 20: 504. Wouida, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. -This genus has often been combined with Thamnomys but current opinion tends to regard them as distinct, e.g. RosEVEAR (1969). We follow DAVIS (1965) and MrsoNNE (1968) in regarding macmillani as a synonym of G. dolichurus. RHOADS ( 1896) identified a specimen from the Darde River as Mus arborarius Peters, 1852, which he related to dolichurus. For this reason we tentatively include this record under Grammomys, although ALLEN ( 1939) considers arborarius to be a race of Aethomys namaquensis (A. Smith, 1834) from South Africa. Identification. -This is a rather small rat (M 1-3 ca ), reddishbrown dorsally and clear white beneath, with a distinctively long tail (ca % HB) covered with brown hair. Thamnomys rutilans (Peters, 1876) is known from Zaire and Uganda and might also occur in Ethiopia. It resembles a large Grammomys (M 1-3 : ) but the tail, although of similar length, has a prominent black terminal tuft.

42 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 41 Records. -?RHOADS, 1896: Darde River. - WROUGHTON, 1907: Wouida. Additional material. - U.S.N.M.: Koka. 15. Thallomys paedulcus (Sundevall, 1847) Mus paedulcus SUNDEVALL, 1847, K. svenska Vetensk-Akad. Hand!. (for 1846) 3 (4): 120. Interior of Caffraria, South Africa. Thallomys scotti THOMAS & HINTON, 1923, Proc. zoo!. Soc. Lond.: 493. Yata Plains, E of Thika River, Kenya. Taxonomy. - ELLERMAN et al. (1953) showed that a cotype of Mus paedulcus is referrable to Thallomys (not Aethomys, as ALLEN, 1939 believed) and thus provides the earliest specific name for this group. Identification. - Like Grammomys, Thallomys paedulcus is reddishbrown above and white beneath, but the tail is shorter (ca 120% HB) and covered for most of its length with black hair. Thamnomys has a tuft of black hair at the tip of an otherwise brown tail. Records. - MrsONNE, 1968: southern Ethiopia. - PETTER, 1973: 11 km W of Javello. 16. Acomys wilsoni Thomas, 1892 Acomys wilsoni THOMAS, 1892, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 10: 22. Mombasa, Kenya. Acomys wilsoni argillaceus HINTON & KERSHAW, 1920, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 6: 1Cl. Mongalla, B:~hr-el-Jebel, Sudan. Identification. - The spiny fur makes members of the genus Acomys quite unmistakable. Recently acquired material confirms both the presence of A. wilsoni in Ethiopia and its distinction from A. cahirinus. The species is characterised by its small size (M 1-3 : ), proportionately short tail (ca 55-65% HB) and rich red-brown colouration. It may also differ from cahirinus in chromosome number since MATTHEY (1968) demonstrated that two specimens from the Omo River, assigned to wilsoni and percivali, had chromosome counts of 36 and 60, respectively. Records.- RHOADS, 1896: Burga.- DE BEAUX, 1943: Gondaraba. -MATTHEY, 1968: Omo River. Additional material. - B.M.: 95 km E of Neghelli (2 cf cf, 'i? ), 6-7.IV Note. - A. wilsoni is known with certainty only from Kenya, southeastern Sudan and the extreme south of Ethiopia. It seems to be appreciably less common than A. cahirinus, with which it is sympatric, and probably has more restricted habitat requirements.

43 42 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK 17. Acomys cahirinus (Desmarest, 1819) Mus cahirinus DESMAREST, 1819, Nouveau Dictionn. Hist. Nat. 29: 70. Cairo, Egypt. Mus dimidiatus CRETZSCHMAR, 1827, in: Senckenberg. naturf. Ges.: Atlas Reise Nocdl. Afrik:> E. Riippell, Siiugeth.: 37, pl. 13, fig. a. Sinai region. Acomys cineraceus FITZINGER & HEDGLIN, 1866, in: FITZINGER, Sber. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien 54: 573. Doka, Sennaar, Sudan. Acomys albigena HEDGLIN, 1877, Reise in Nordost-Afrika 2: 69. Bogos region, Ethiopia. Acomys cinerascens HEDGLIN, 1877, Reise in Nordost-Afrika 2: 70. Gallabat, Sudan. Acomys louisae THOMAS, 1896, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 18: 269. Henwaina Plain, Somalia. Acomys hunteri DE WINTON, 1900, Novit. Zoo!. 8: 401. Plain of Tokar, Suakin, Sudan. Acomys mullah THOMAS, 1904, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 14: 103. Harar, Ethiopia. Acomys ignitus DOLLMAN, 1910, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 6: 229. Voi, Kenya. Acomys kempi DoLLMAN, 1911, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 8: 125. Chanler Falls, N Guaso Nyiro, Kenya. Acomys percivali DOLLMAN, 1911, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 8: 126. Chanler Falls, N Guaso Nyiro, Kenya. Acomys hawashensis FRICK, 1914, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 9: 26. S::di Maika, Awash River, Ethiop:a. Acomys louisae umbratus THOMAS, 1923, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 12: 174. Mt Wrgar, Goo:is Mts, Somalia. Taxonomy. - All the 13 names listed above have been applied to specimens of Acomys from Ethiopia but seem to represent only a single, very variable species. Both PETTER (1954) and SETZER (1956, 1968) have attempted to subdivide this group but their analyses, based upon a variety of characters (including ear length, size of auditory bullae, skull length, nasal length and shape of zygomatic arches), seem to have produced results which are too inconsistent to be of much value. Of greater relevance is the opinion of RAPPOLD (1969) that in Sudan, where there were reputed to be four species, there is in fact only one form showing clinal variation. RosEVEAR ( 1969) reached a similar conclusion after studying the genus in West Africa. In Ethiopian material, skull measurements suggest no greater variability than is present in other, well defined species. The pelage varies from pale grey to sandy-brown and there are also differences in the relative length of the tail, but both characters are known to be dependent upon age and habitat. In view of the apparent impossibility of dividing this group, all Ethiopian records have been referred to a single species although further study may well modify this opinion. Identification. - This species is significantly larger (M 1-3 : ) than A. wilsoni and has a proportionately longer tail (ca % HB). The young are blue-grey dorsally, which reduces the possibility of confusion with the adults of wilsoni which are red brown, but they become more sandy-brown with age. Specimens from sandy habitats tend to be more brownish than others and, although the underside is usually pure white and sharply demarcated from the lateral colour, commensal animals are

44 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 43 generally dusky beneath (a condition similar to that in Mus musculus and Rattus rattus ). Records. - FrTZINGER & HEDGLIN, 1866: Doka. - HEUGLIN, 1868: Keren; Takazee River, S of Dsibago. - HEUGLIN, 1877: Bogos country; Gallabat. - RHOADS, 1896: Finik; Bar Madu; Aimola; Argase; Lake Abaya (SE corner); Sheikh Hussein. - THOMAS, 1898: between Badditu and Dime. - THOMAS, 1904: Harar; Hargeisa. -?SPEISER, 1905: Salamona. - FRICK, 1914: Sadi Maika; Tertale; Yebo; Gardula; Lake Abai (although it is not evident from FRICK's report, both Endato and the Indunamara Mts are in Kenya). -DE BEAUX, 1930: Agordat. - DE BEAUX, 1931: Gaare; Ueb Habir, Ogaden; Assab; Adal.- DE BEAUX, 1939a: Tessenei. - ALLEN & LOVERIDGE, 1942: Dembea region. - DE BEAUX, 1943: El Dire; Dande. - HoPKINS & RoTHSCHILD, 1953: Harar.- SETZER, 1956: Gallabat.- ToscHr, 1963: Aiscia.- BEADLES & lngersol, 1968: Dacata valley; Urso River; Daletti; Damota valley; Erer River; 45 km NE of Dire Dawa.- lngersol, 1968: Damota valley; Alemaya; Errer River; Fafan River; Daletti; Gota River; Urso River; Doha River. - MATTHEY, 1968: Omo River. - CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: N bank of Awash River (Awash National Park); 10 km E of Caroarsa River; Didessa River (mouth); Guder River (mouth); Lake Chamo. - BEAUCOURNU et al., 1972: Chunguru area. -AsHFORD et al., 1973: Kutaber. Additional material. - B.M.: Gallabat (these are the specimens referred to by THOMAS, 1928 as being from «south of Lake Tana») km NW of Dessie. - Metahara, ( cj ), 29.XII So Omar, ( 9 ), 26.XII Arba Minch, ( cj, 9 ), 30.IV Sidam-Bale bridge, (2 cj cj, 9 ), 3l.III.l975, 2.IV km W of Konso, ( cj ), 13.VIII km W of Konso, ( 9 ), 4.VIII.l Hamar Koke, ( 9 ), 6.VIII.l km SW of Neghelli, (2 cj cj, ~ ), 9.IV N.H.M.A.A.: Awash Falls, M. 48 ( cj ), 8.VI.l So Omar, M. 249 (cf), 27.VI.l970.- S of Lote, M. 186 ( 9 ), 17.II Hamar Koke, M. 97 ( cj ), 6.VIII U.S.N.M.: Bulcha Forest. Note. - Like other members of the genus, A. cahirinus is most characteristic of arid, lowland regions and is often found in Acacia scrub in association with gerbils and Praomys fumatus. In Ethiopia, the species is most common from sea level to 1500 m and there are very few records from altitudes greater than 2000 m. The specimens from Kutaber (2650 m) are exceptional and seem to provide another example of a dry-country form extending into the arid highlands of the NE plateau.

45 44 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK 18. Arvicanthis abyssinicus (Riippell, 1842) Mus abyssinicus RUPPELL, 1842, Mus. Senckenberg. 3: 104, pl. 7, fig. 1. Entschotgab, Simien, Ethiopia.? Mus rufidorsalis HEUGLIN, 1877, Reise in Nordost-Afrika 2: 70. Simien and Wogara, Ethiopia (see THOMAS, 1928). Arvicanthis abyssinicus saturatus DaLLMAN, 1911, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 8: 343. Near Guma, Didessa River, Ethiopia. Arvicanthis abyssinicus fluvicinctus OsGOOD, 1936, Pubis Field Mus. nat. Hist. (Zoo!.) 20: 251. Bichana, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - In recent years it has been usual to refer abyssinicus to the synonymy of A. niloticus (Desmarest, 1822) from the Nile Delta, Egypt. However, a multivariate analysis currently in progress by I. R. BISHOP at the British Museum (Natural History), suggests that the Arvicanthis of the Nile Delta are both distinctive and isolated; so that abyssinicus becomes the earliest available name for the representatives of this genus in Ethiopia. In order to assist the present study, the skull has been ~xtracted from the type of abyssinicus (S.M.F. 4324) and examined for the first time. The only useful measurements which can be obtained are: upper toothrow: (crowns) 6.3, (alveoles) 6.9; breadth of M 1 : 2.2; lower toothrow: (crowns) 6.3; breadth of M,: 1.8 (D. KocK). HEUGLIN (1877) based the description of rufidorsalis upon his diary notes; we prefer to follow ALLEN ( 1939, p. 374) in regarding this name as a probable synonym of A. abyssinicus rather than as a species of Mastomys (see ALLEN, 1939, p. 402). A more important taxonomic problem concerns the number of species of Arvicanthis to be recognised, both in Ethiopia and in East Africa. In the former region, a small lowland species (A. somalicus) is clearly present and sympatric with a larger form. The very large, high altitude species, A. blicki, is also distinctive. Current opinion favours the recognition of two further species, of intermediate size and intermediate altitudinal range (A. abyssinicus and A. dembeensis ), and this is the position which, with some hesitation, we follow here. It must be emphasised, however, that it is not always possible to be certain as to which form an individual represents, although a series can usually be identified with greater confidence. It is, of course, particularly difficult to assign records from the literature and, in the absence of other information, such records (indicated '? ') are allocated according to the altitude and habitat at the collection site. It must, however, be admitted that what we are attempting to separate may be only the extremes of an altitudinally-related cclour cline in a single species. An alternative explanation may be that the present difficulty has arisen because recent changes

46 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECi'IVORA AND RODENTIA 45 in habitat have allowed two, previously separated, forms to m1x and perhaps interbreed. Identification. - Arvicanthis are generally recognisable by their speckled (agouti) fur, very round ears and moderately long tails (85-90% HB). They differ from the rather similar Pelomys in having ungrooved incisor teeth and darker ventral fur. A. abyssinicus is intermediate in size (M 1-3 : ) between A. somalicus and A. blicki. It differs from A. dembeensis in usually having a mid-dorsal dark stripe, lacking the reddish suffusion on the hindquarters and having rather dark agouti fur on the venter. Records. - RDPPELL, 1842a: Entschetgab; Shoa. - THOMAS, 1901b:?Lake Zwai.- SoRDELLI, 1902: Godclefassi.- THOMAS, 1903: Addis Ababa; Yah Yah;?Lake Zwai. - DoLLMAN, 1911: Guma. - KLATT, 1913: Adi Caie. - PARISI, 1917: Godolefassi. -DE BEAUX, 1922:?Addis Ababa. - OsGOOD, 1936: Bichana. - ToscHI, 1963:?Debre Marcos;?Moggio;?Lake Aramaio. - BEADLES & lngersol, 1968:?Alemaya;?Damota valley. - lngersol, 1968:?Alemaya. - CORBET & YALDEN, 1972: Debre Marcos; 18 km NW of Dessie; Addis Alem. -DoRST, 1972: Merab Abaya. Additional material. - B.M.: Simien.- Gondar.- Geshr Mariam. - Dangila.- Gudur.- Kutar.- Kcosa.- Debre Marcos.- Yejubi. Degen. - Sanford Ranch. - Holeta Plains. - Barka Plains. - Maria Garba.- Laga Hardim. - Guder.- Selin.- Jifadensa. -Meta Abo. - Djoudjou.- Lake Zwai.- Arussi Plateau.- Alila. N.H.M.A.A.: Adowa, M. 602, Addis Alem, M Sabeta, M. 534 ( Ci! ). -Bulbul River, near Jimma, M. 535, 27.V S.M.F.: Simien.- Shoa. Note. - This is the common grass rat of the Ethiopian plateaux at altitudes of about m. There are, however, a few records, some apparently reliable, which extend the range down to 1300 m. 19. Arvicanthis dembeensis (Riippell, 1842) Mus dembeensis ROPPELL, 1842, Mus. Senckenberg. 3: 109, pl. 6, fig. 3. Deraske, Lake Tana, Ethiopia. Isomys testicularis SuNDEVALL, 1843, K. svenska Vetensk-Akad. Hand!. (for 1842): 221. Bahr-e1- Abiad, Sudan. Mus ochropus HEUGLIN, 1877, Reise in Nordost-Afrika 2: 68. Bogos country, Ethiopia. Arvicanthis zaphiri DaLLMAN, 1911, Ann. Mag. nai. Hist. (8) 8: 343. Didessa River, near Guma, Ethiopia.? Arvicanthis abyssinicus mearnsi FRICK, 1914, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 9: 22, pl. 4, figs Sadi Maika, Awash River, Ethiopia.

47 46 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK? Arvicanthis abyssinicus raffertyi FRICK, 1914, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 9: 23, pl. 5. Gardula, «1200 m, Ethiopia. Arvicanthis abyssinicus pelliceus THOMAS, 1928, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 1: 303. Zaudy Grar, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - Assuming that there are two medium-sized Arvicanthis in Ethiopia, the unstriped form has usually been termed A. lacernatus (Riippell, 1842) but re-examination of the type skull of this name has now shown it to be, as RDPPELL claimed, a Meriones. Fortunately, DIE TERLEN's (1974) observations on the type skull of dembeensis have confirmed that it is, as THOMAS (1928) suggested, an Arvicanthis, and not a Pelomys as was once thought. The name raffertyi is included under dembeensis with considerable doubt. The type locality, Gardula, has an approximate altitude of 2500 m, not 1200 m as given by FRICK (1914). It is uncertain whether this difference represents an error in the transcription of figures or whether the type material was collected in the lowlands near Gardula. Identification. - This species is similar in size (M 1-3 : ) to A. abyssinicus but differs in usually lacking a mid-dorsal stripe, in tending to have reddish-brown hindquarters and in having a grey to pale agouti ventral colour. Records. - RuPPELL, 1842a: Deraske (dembeensis); Taranta Mountains (abyssinicus).- BREHM, 1863: Samchara (variegatus).- FITZINGER, 1866: Massawa (variegatus). - HEUGLIN, 1877: Bogos country. - SoR DELLI, 1902:?Keren.- THOMAS, 1903: Lake Tana;?Lake Zwai;?Awash River.- DaLLMAN, 1911: Didessa River, near Guma. -FRICK, 1914:?Sadi Maika;?Gardula;?S of Lake Abai.- PARISI, 1917:?Keren. THOMAS, 1928: Zaudy Grar; Dungulbar. -DE BEAUX, 1930: Agordat. - ToscHI, 1947:?Holetta. - SETZER, 1956: Gallabat. - ToscHI, 1963:?Asmara;?Mai-Adaga;?Asmara to Adi Ugri road.- HoPKINS & RoTHSCHILD, 1966: Sidamo, 140 miles S of Addis Ababa. - BEADLES & lngersol, 1968:?Urso River;?Erer River.- lngersol, 1968:?Afdem Plain;?Urso River;?Gota River;?Errer River. - CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: Bisidimo River; 31 km NW of Dessie; Arba Minch; Awash National Park (Metahara). - DoRST, 1972: Koffole; Merab Abaya. - BEAUCOURNU et al., 1972: Chunguru; Kibish. - AsHFORD et al., 1973: Kutaber. Additional material.- B.M.: Gallabat.- Azobahr.- Gadna Island. - Bahar Dar.- Robi, Shoa.- Degen.- Bahadu.- Nono.- Geroka. - Gambela, ( d', 9 ), VI.l Lake Zwai. - Lake Shalla. - Arba Minch.

48 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 47 N.H.M.A.A.: Gambela, M ( cf, <;l ), VI.l970. corner of Lake Abaya, M (2<;1 <;l ), 10.VIII S.M.F.: Bahar Dar. Note. - Arvicanthis dembeensis is here considered to be essentially a lowland species, with most records lying between sea level and 2000 m, although there are a few from higher ground; the highest being Kutaber at 2650 m. There is thus considerable altitudinal overlap in the ranges of A. dembeensis and A. abyssinicus and the two appear to be sympatric, or nearly so, at several localities. Further study at these sites would, clearly, be of particular value. N.B. - MARTOGLIO ( 1913) has recorded the Palaearctic rodent Microtus arvalis from Asmara {under the name Arvicola arvalis). This reference has been discussed by LAURENT (1936), who presumes it to be based upon a misidentified specimen of Arvicanthis (?A. dembeensis ). RHOADS ( 1896) referred a specimen from Sheikh Mohammed to Pelomys reichardi Noack, which ALLEN ( 1939) considered to be a race of Arvicanthis niloticus. Presumably, RHOADS' material represents either A. dembeensis or A. abyssinicus. SW 20. Arvicanthis blicki Frick, 1914 Arvicanthis abyssinicus blicki FRICK, 1914, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 9: 20, pl. 4, figs 1-5. Hora Mt base camp, S Chilalo Mts, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - Although this form has been regarded as just a race of A. abyssinicus, both by its describer and by subsequent authors such as CoRBET & YALDEN (1972), material now available at the British Museum (Natural History) makes it clear that it is, in fact, a distinct species (1. R. BISHOP, pers. comm.). Identification. - A. blicki is readily distinguished from other Arvicanthis by its greater size (M 1-3 : ) and rather shaggy fur. Records. - FRICK, 1914: Hora Mt base camp, S Chilalo Mts. - DoRST, 1972: Dinshu. - YALDEN, 1973: Urgana valley. Additional material. - B.M.: 5 km W of Dinshu. - Shiya valley. - Mt Batu ridge. N.H.M.A.A.: W of Dinshu, M. 494, 14.XII Danka river, S of Dinshu, M. 712 ( <( ), Bale Mts, M Note. - This is a high altitude species, most characteristic of the Afro-Alpine moorland zone above 3500 m, although it also descends to grassland at lower altitudes (3000 m near Dinshu and 2750 m in the

49 48 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK Arussi Mountains). A. blicki is endemic to Ethiopia and apparently confined to the eastern plateau. Like Lophuromys melanonyx and T achyoryctes macrocephalus, it is a diurnal member of the moorland fauna. 21. Arvicanthis somalicus Thomas, 1903 Arvicanthis somalicus THOMAS, 1903, Proc. zoo!. Soc. Lond. (for 1902) 2: 312. Sheik, Somalia. Identification. - A. somalicus is very similar in appearance to A. dembeensis, with which it is sometimes sympatric, but differs in its smaller size (M 1-3 : ). Records. -HoPKINS & RoTHSCHILD, 1953: Dire Dawa. -CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: Awash National Park; Metahara. Additional material. - N.H.M.A.A.: Metahara, M. 359 ( d' ), 29.XII S.M.F.:?Between Harar and Dire Dawa, (a juvenile skull, probably referrable to this species). Note. - This is a low altitude, dry-country species which occurs sympatrically with A. dembeensis in the vicinity of the Awash National Park (CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972). It is possible that one of INGERSOL's ( 1968) animals from Afdem, here included amongst examples of A. dembeensis, should be assigned to A. somalicus. 22. Pelomys harringtoni Thomas, 1903 Pelomys harringtoni THOMAS, 1903, Proc. zoo!. Soc. L<>nd. (for 1902) 2: 313. Katchisa, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - The name Desmomys has frequently been applied to this group of rodents but is now regarded as being, at most, only a subgenus of Pelomys. Identification. - The faint groove on the anterior face of each upper incisor is a diagnostic feature of the genus Pelomys. Superficially, P. harringtoni looks rather like an Arvicanthis since it has a yellowish-agouti dorsal pelage. However, the colouration of the underside is distinctive, being generally greyish-white with a buff central band and buff lateral margins, although specimens with a uniform reddish venter are also known. Records. - DE WINTON, 1900: Kombolcha (dembeensis). - THo MAS, 1903: Katchisa.- ToscHr, 1947, 1963: Addis Ababa.- BEADLES & INGERSOL, 1968; INGERSOL, 1968: Gara Mulatta. - MrsoNNE, 1968: Dangila; Kombolcha; Ashangi. - DoRsT, 1972: Koffole. - AsHFORD et al., 1973: Kutaber.

50 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 49 Additional material. - B.M.: Wan berra (this is the material referred to by THOMAS, 1928 as being from «south of Lake Tana»). - Wetti. N.H.M.A.A.: Kutaber, M , -.II.l971; M. 702 (d'), 11.IX Addis Ababa, M. 591, -.XII Sabeta, M Note. - P. harringtoni is evidently a species of the Ethiopian plateaux where it has been recorded between altitudes of 1800 and 2800 m. It is still comparatively scarce in museum collections, which may be a reflection of its semi-arboreal habits. AsHFORD et al. ( 1973) refer to this species as being «common in bushy patches» and state that it «climbs freely». Such habits would effectively separate P. harringtoni from the essentially terrestrial, grassland-dwelling Arvicanthis. 23. Pelomys rex (Thomas, 1906) Arvicanthis rex THOMAS, 1906, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 18: 304. Charada Forest, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - THOMAS himself observed that this species was likely to be «a giant member of Desmomys», rather than an Arvicanthis. At the present time, we see no reason to follow DrETERLEN (1974) in regarding this species as of doubtful validity. Identification. - The type and only skin of this species (there is no skull) is significantly larger than P. harringtoni (HF: 35, as compared with for all available specimens of harringtoni) and also differs in having a uniform greyish-white venter. Records. - THOMAS, 1906: Charada Forest. 24. Lemniscomys striatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Mus striatus LINNAEUS, 1758, Syst. Nat. Ed. 10 1: 62. Sierra Leone. Arvicanthis wroughtoni THOMAS, 1910, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 5: 85. Nono, Ethiopia Identification. - No other genus of striped mouse is known from Ethiopia. The skull of Lemniscomys is rather like that of Arvicanthis but the third molars are relatively much smaller, M 3 having approximately half the occlusal area of M 2 L. striatus differs from L. barbarus in that the pale stripes along the flanks are broken into spots, only the three most dorsal stripes being complete. Records. -THOMAS, 1910: Nono. - ANDRAL et al., 1968: Manera Forest.- CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: 10 km E of Caroarsa River; Didessa River (mouth); Urghessa River; Delhena River.

51 50 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK Additional material. - B.M.: Backo, Wollega, (3 cf cf ), VII Gam bela, ( cf ), 18.VII.l Godare Forest km SW of Salumbar, (cf), 11.Il S of Lote, ( 9 ), 17.II km N of Arba Minch, ( 9 ), 29.IV N.H.M.A.A.: Backo, Wollega, M. 53 ( 9 ), 8.VII.l969; M. 67 (cf), 12.VII.1969; M. 78 (cf), 17.VII Gambela, M. 467 (cf), 22.XII Felenguai, M. 179 (cf), 15.!! U.S.N.M.: Didessa River bridge. - Gambela. Note. - This species is apparently confined, in Ethiopia, to the south-western lowlands and has been found at altitudes of approximately m. It seems to be most characteristic of grassy glades in open woodland. 25. Lemniscomys barbarus (Linnaeus, 1767) Mus barbarus LINNAEUS, 1767, Syst. Nat. Ed (2) addendum. Morocco. Identification. - This species is distinguished from L. striatus in that only the lowest stripe on each flank is discontinuous. All the other stripes are complete, which produ:es a marked zebra-like effect. Records. - RHOADS, 1896: Higo; Dumbola Kalta; Lake Abaya (SE corner). -PARISI, 1917: Asmara. Additional material. - B.M.: Galla bat. Note. - On the evidence presented by the few Ethiopian records, L. barbarus appears to be more of a dry-country form than L. striatus. 26. Lophuromys flavopunctatus Thomas, 1888 Lophuromys flavo-punctatus THOMAS, 1888, Proc. zoo!. Soc. Lond.: 14. Shoa (proba'j1y Ankober), Ethiopia. Lophuromys zaphiri THOMAS, 1906, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 18: 304. «Bodeli» (=Bodit.i), Walamo, Ethiopia. Lophuromys aquilus brunneus THOMAS, 1906, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 18: 305. Ma.,no, Ethiopia. Lophuromys flavopunctatus simensis OSGOOD, 1936, Pubis Field Mus. nat. Hist. (Zoo!.) 20: 238. Ras Dashan, Ethiopia. Lophuromys brevicaudus OsGOOD, 1936, Pubis Field Mus. nat. Hist. (Zoo!.) 20: 241. Mt Albasso, Ethiopia. Lophuromys aquilus chrysopus OsGOOD, 1936, Pubis Field Mus. nat. Hist. (Zoo!.) 20: 242. Allata, Ethiopia. Neanthomys giaquintoi ToscHI, 1946, J. E. Af:. nat. Hist. Soc. 19: 101. Addis Abata, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - Despite the proliferation of names, it seems clear that all refer to one very variable species. Specimens from a single locality vary considerably in colour and the ventral fur, which is typically reddish-

52 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTiVORA AND RODENTIA 51 orange, may be pale lemon-yellow in some individuals. The skin is extremely fragile and, as a result, the tail is often shortened or even entirely lost, with no internal or external signs of scarring. ToscHr ( 1963) himself noted that Neanthomys was based upon such a tailless example. Identification. - The rather stiff, reddish-agouti dorsal fur makes this mouse-sized rodent (M 1-3 : ) one of the most distinctive in Ethiopia. Records. - THOMAS, 1888: Shoa (probably Ankober). - RHOADS, 1896: Sheikh Mahomet. - THOMAS, 1898: between Badditu and Dime. - THOMAS, 1901b: Lake Zwai. - THOMAS, 1903: Addis Ababa; Yah Yah.- THOMAS, 1906: Boditti; Manno.- OsGOOD, 1936: Mt Albasso; Boditti; Gedeb Mts; Allata; Abela; Addis Ababa; Ladu; Mt N'kolo (Encuolo); Salali; Choke Mts; Wando; Galampso; Webi Shebeli ridge, W Arussi; Ras Dashan; Barak; Dangila; Devark; Debre Marcos; Degen; near Dungulbar; Gubea; Njabara; Sakalla; near Jigga; Mertola Mariam. - ToscHr, 1946, 1947: Addis Ababa.- ToscHI, 1963: Shoa; Mt Albasso; Bahar Dar; Addis Ababa. - ANDRAL et al., 1968: Manera Forest. - BEADLES & lngersol, 1968: Damota valley; Damota; Alemaya; Gara Mullata. - lngersol, 1968: Damota valley; Alemaya; Gara Mullata; Hirna.- CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: Bahar Dar; Debre Marcos; Ghimbi; Bisidimo River; 18 km NW of Dessie; Addis Ababa; Meta Abo. - DoRST, 1972: Dinshu; Koffole. - AsHFORD et al., 1973: Kutaber. - YALDEN, 1973: Urgana valley. Additional material. - B.M.: Debre Tabor. - Zan zalama. - Fargeta. - Wasata Gudera. - Wanka. - Backo, Wollega. - Menagasha. - Goulala. - Wonduna. - Nono. - Awash (River - presumably S of Addis Ababa).- 5 km E of Scecchi River bridge, ( Cj! ), E of Abiu, (2 d d, 4 Cj! Cj! ), km N of Demdi, (2 d d, 3 Cj! Cj! ), Urbasak.- Aliano. - Charada Forest. - Alaba Plains. - Ueb River, Dinshu.- Goba.- Sidamo, 140 miles S of Addis Ababa. - SE of Dodola.- Garba Guracha.- Kella, near Shabadino.- 70 km NW of Kebre Mengist, ( Cj! ), 13.IV W of Dorse, (d), 28.IV Near Otschollo, ( d, 2 Cj! Cj! ), 29.IV km SE of Kebre Mengist, ( Cj! ), 30.III N.H.M.A.A.: Gondar, M Kutaber, M. 703 ( Cj! ), 3.IX Bahar Dar, M. 408, 10.IX Backo, Wollega, M. 77 (Cj!), 17. VII Sabeta, M E of Abiu, M. 377 ( Cj! ), km N of Demdi, M. 396 ( Cj! ), km W of Dinshu, M. 525 (d), 15.XII Dinshu, M. 511, 513, 515, 28.XII.1969; M , ; M. 520, 15.XII.1969; M (3 d d), SW of Dinshu, M. 512 (d), 18.II.1970; M. 514, 25.XII.1969.

53 52 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK S of Dinshu, M. 521, 2.!.1970; M , of Dinshu, M. 526, 29.! Bale Mts, M. 510, 522. S.M.F.: Gondar, ( 'i ), 25.XL E of Geddo. 10 km S Note. - In Ethiopia, L. flavopunctatus is essentially a species of the plateaux with a distribution rather similar to that of Praomys albipes. Most records are from altitudes between 1500 and 4000 m but, like P. albipes, this form extends to lower levels in areas of high rainfall such as the Manera Forest ( 1220 m), while in the more arid parts of its range it tends to be associated with riverine habitats. At all altitudes, the species shows a distinct preference for places where there is scrubby ground-cover and this behaviour effectively separates montane populations from those of L. melanonyx. 27. Lophuromys melanonyx Petter, 1972 Lophuromys melarwnyx PETTER, 1972, Mammalia 36: 177. No locality (but Dinshu, Ethiopia, fide DORST, 1972). Identification. - L. melanonyx is substantially larger (M 1-3 : ) than L. flavopunctatus and also differs in colour, being a speckled greybrown dorsally and having characteristic black claws. The species shares its habitat with Arvicanthis blicki, which it superficially resembles although considerably smaller. Records.- DoRsT, 1972: Dinshu.- YALDEN, 1973: Urgana valley. Additional material.- B.M.: 4 km S of Debre Sina, (d'), 4.V km S of Dinshu. - Garba Guracha. - Shiya valley. 28. Dasymys incomtus (Sundevall, 1847) Mus incomtus SuNDEVALL, 1847, K. svenska Vetensk-Akad. Hand!. (for 1846) 3 (4): 120. Near Durban, South Africa. Dasymys incomptus (sic) griseifrons OsGOOD, 1936, Pubis Field Mus. nat. Hist. (Zoo!.) 20: 255. Dungulbar, Ethiopia. Identification. - This is a fairly large rodent (M 1-3 : ) with a tail about the same length as the head and body. The long shaggy fur, generally dark brown in colour, is very distinctive. Records.- OsGOOD, 1936: Dungulbar.- CORBET & YALDEN, 1972: Bahar Dar; Nono; Guma. Note. - D. incomtus is usually associated with riverine or swampy habitats with long grass, and has been recorded in Ethiopia at altitudes of about m.

54 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA Saccostomus campestris Peters, 1846 Saccostomus campestris PETERS, 1846, Mber. K. preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl.: 258. Tette, Mozambique. Identification. - S. campestris is quite unmistakable, being silvergrey above and having a very short tail (ca 15% HB). Material. - B.M.: German safari camp, Maji, ( ~ ), 20.XII N.H.M.A.A.: German safari camp, Maji, M. 287 ( d" ), 20.XII Note. - This is essentially a dry-country animal, known in Ethiopia only from the extreme southwest of the country at an altitude of about 1000 m. 30. Colomys goslingi Thomas & Wroughton, 1907 Co/omys gos/ingi THOMAS & WROUGHTON, 1907, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 19: 380. Gambi, Uele River, Zaire. Nilopegamys plumbeus OsGOOD, 1928, Pubis Field Mus. nat. Hist. (Zoo!.) 12: 185. Tributary of the Little Abbai River, between Sakalla and Njabara, Ethiopia. Taxonomy.- HAYMAN (1966) showed that Nilopegamys is a synonym of Colomys. Identification. - C. goslingi is a very distinctive aquatic rodent with short, velvety fur, dark brown dorsally and pure white beneath. Records. -OsGOOD, 1928: Little Abbai River (W of Abbai village). Note. - This species is still known in Ethiopia only from OsGOOD's single specimen, taken at an altitude of 2600 m. Elsewhere, it is recorded from Zaire, Kenya and Cameroun and is not restricted to high altitudes. 31. Dendromus (Dendromus) mesomelas (Brants, 1827) Mus mesome/as BRANTS, 1827, Het Geslacht der Muizen: 123. Near Zondags River, Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Dendromus insignis THOMAS, 1903, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 12: 341. Nandi, Kenya. Dendromus insignis abyssinicus OsGooD, 1936, Pubis Field Mus. nat. Hist. (Zoo!.) 20: 235. E slope of Mt Albasso, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - ALLEN (1939) lists 29 species of Dendromus, but current opinion (BOHMANN, 1942; RosEVEAR, 1969) recognises just three widely distributed forms (mesomelas, mystacalis and melanotis) and a fourth which is endemic to Ethiopia (lovati). While, for the present, we have adopted the same position, it must be emphasised that there is some doubt about the number of species present in Ethiopia and the names which should be applied to them. The name insignis is generally regarded as a synonym of D. mesomelas which therefore includes abyssinicus, if OsGOOD's (1936) opinion as to the

55 54 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK relationships of this form is correct, but re-examination of the type material is needed in order to confirm this point. Identification. - The members of this genus are easily recognised, being small mice with long tails (ca % HB) and only three functional toes on the front foot. Material from Ethiopia is very limited but, at least in East Africa, D. mesomelas is appreciably larger (M 1-3 : ) than related species. Furthermore, as a member of the subgenus Dendromus, it has a claw (not a nail) on the fifth toe. There is usually a well defined mid-dorsal stripe. Records. - RHOADS, 1896: Sheikh Mahomet. - OsGOOD, 1936: E slope of Mt Albasso. - Toscm, 1947: Addis Ababa. - BEADLES & lngersol, 1968; lngersol, 1968: Alemaya. Note. -Neither the specimens of OsGOOD (1936) nor those of IN GERSOL ( 1968) reach the size of examples from East Africa which have been assigned to mesomelas, and there must be some doubt as to whether the two populations represent a single species. However, the Ethiopian specimens are rather larger than recently acquired material of D. mystacalis from this country. 32. Dendromus (Dendromus) mystacalis Heuglin, 1863 Dendromys mystaca/is HEUGLIN, 1863, Nova Acta Acad. Caesar Leop. Carol. 30 (2) suppl.: 5. Eifag, Ethiopia. Identification. - Like D. mesomelas, this species has a claw on the fifth toe but, on the evidence of recent Ethiopian material, is a significantly smaller form (M 1-3 : ). The mid-dorsal stripe is a variable character. Records. - HEUGLIN, 1863; FITZINGER, 1866, 1867: Eifag. - I-IEUGLIN, 1868:?S of Axum. - OsGOOD, 1936; BoHMANN, 1942: Dangila. - lngersol, 1968:?Alemaya. - CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: Guder River (mouth); Didessa River (mouth). Additional material.- B.M.: Bah Bahr.- Debre Tabor.- Dibkan. - Kolaj. - Dinshu, (2 cf cf ), XII Sidamo, 140 miles S of Addis Ababa.- 70 km NW of Kebre Mengist, ( cf ), 15.IV S.M.F.: Near Boralugu, Arussi Mts, 44871, Note. - At least some of the smaller specimens listed by lngersol (1968) as mesomelas seem likely to belong to D. mystacalis. This species has been recorded from a wide range of altitudes ( m) but is nearly always associated with long grass and bushes. Both Heuglin and Cheesman collected specimens from bird nests, which emphasises the partially arboreal nature of the species, but other examples have been caught, by hand, on the ground.

56 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA Dendromus (Poemys) melanotis A. Smith, 1834 Dendromys melanotis A. SMITH, 1834, S. Afr. q. J. 2: 158. Durban, South Africa. D(endromys) pallidus HEUGLIN, 1863, Nova Acta Acad. Caesar Leop. Carol. 30 (2) suppl.: 5. «Abyssinia» (=Middle Tigre Province, Ethiopia, fide HEUGLIN, 1877). Taxonomy. - The allocation of pallid us to the synonymy of D. melanotis is based upon the assumption that ALLEN ( 19 39) was correct in assigning this name to the subgenus Poemys. Identification. - This is a small Dendromus, perhaps comparable in size (M 1-3 : ) with D. mystacalis, although these measurements are based upon Ugandan material in the British Museum (Natural History) since we have not had the opportunity to examine Ethiopian specimens. As a member of the subgenus Poemys, the species has a nail (not a claw) on the fifth toe. There may be a mid-dorsal stripe. Records. - HEDGLIN, 1877: Middle Tigre Province. - DoRST, 1972: Koffole. Additional material. - U.S.N.M.: Didessa River bridge. Note. - Considerable dissatisfaction has been expressed with regard to the value of the nail or claw on the fifth toe as a diagnostic character. If, as has been suggested, this is a variable character, the three records cited above might represent D. mystacalis. 34. Dendromus (Chortomys) lovati De Winton, 1899 Dendromys lovati DE WINTON, 1899, Proc. zoo!. Soc. Lond.: 986. Menagasha, Ethiopia. Identification. - This is a most distinctive mouse with three dark stripes over the rump (Fig. 3 ). Records. - DE WINTON, 1899, 1900: Menagasha. - THOMAS, 1901b: Addis Ababa. Additional material. - B.M.: Dessie. - Chirca. - Arussi Plateau. - Mt Gaysay, 18.XII Dinshu, (2 <jl <jl ), 17.XII.1971, N.H.M.A.A.: N of Lake Wonchi (S).- Dinshu, M. 487 (d'), 1l.IV S.M.F.: N of Bichena, 45729, 10.XI.l km W of Ambagir, 44870, 16.XII Note. - D. lovati is an endemic species, confined to the plateaux and recorded from m. It is a grassland form which has been found nesting beneath boulders and seems to differ from all other members of the genus in showing no inclination to climb.

57 56 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK 35. Steatomys pratensis Peters, 1846 Steatomys pratensis PETERS, 1846, Mber. K. preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berl.: 258. Tette, Mozambique. Steatomys parvus RHOADS, 1896, Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad.: 529. Rusia, Lake Rudolph, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - If ELLERMAN et al. ( 1953) are correct in recognising just two species of Steatomys, then parvus belongs to S. pratensis, the smaller form. Identification. - This is a small mouse, about the size of a Dendromus and with a similar skull but readily distinguished by having a shorter tail (ca 60% HB) and four functional toes on each front foot. The pelage is grey-brown dorsally and white beneath, with a sharp demarcation line between the two colours. Records. - RHOADS, 1896: Rusia. Note. - In Ethiopia, this species is still known only from the single record, obtained in the extreme south of the country. 36. Otomys typus (Heuglin, 1877) Oreomys typicus HEUGLIN, 1868, Reise Abess., Gala-Ldn., 0-Sudan, Chartum i. d. Jahren 1861 und 1862: 193. N Simien, Ethiopia (nomen nudum). Oreomys typus HEUGLIN, 1877, Reise in Nordost-Afrika 2: 77. Simien Mts, Ethiopia. Otomys jacksoni THOMAS, 1891, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 7: 304. Mt E1gon, Uganda. Otomys degeni THOMAS, 1903, Proc. zoo!. Soc. Lond. (for 1902) 2: 311. Gombitchu, Ethiopia. Otomys typus fortior THOMAS, 1906, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 18: 302. Charada Forest, Ethiopia. Otomys jacksoni helleri FRICK, 1914, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 9: 10, pl. 3, figs 1-5. Chilalo divide camp, Arussi Mts, Ethiopia. Otomys jacksoni malkensis FRICK, 1914, Ann. Carnegie Mus. 9: 11, pl. 3, figs Maika, Sidamo, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - Because this species has, for many years, been known by the name and description provided by HEUGLIN ( 1877 ), we have not given priority to that of Both descriptions fail to designate a type. There is no indication of more than one species of Otomys in Ethiopia. It is apparent that the animal continues to grow for a long period, and perhaps throughout life, which results in considerable size differences between mature individuals. Identification. - Externally, this rat somewhat resembles Dasymys but differs in its shorter tail ( ca 50% HB) and agouti-brown fur. The dentition is quite unmistakable; the incisors are deeply grooved on their anterior surfaces (a single groove on the upper incisor and double grooves on the lower) and the molars have transverse lamellae. Records. - HEUGLIN, 1868, 1877: Simien Mts. - RHoADS, 1896: Sheikh Mahomet. - THOMAS, 1898: between Badditu and Dime. - ERLANGER & NEUMANN, 1900; NEUMANN, 1902a: Shoa (between Addis

58 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 57 Ababa and the Blue Nile). - NEUMANN, 1902b: between the Didda Plateau and Shoa.- THOMAS, 1903: Gombitchu; Moncarar.- THOMAS, 1906: Charada Forest. - FRICK, 1914: Maika; Chilalo divide camp, Arussi Mts. -BoRMANN, 1952: Gardula. -CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: Debre Marcos. - DoRST, 1972: Dinshu. - YALDEN, 1973: Organa valley. Additional material.- B.M.: Dangila.- Mt Albasso.- Mt Gaysay, (3 cfcf, 2 <? <?), 24.XII.1971, Ueb River, Dinshu, (cf), 22.XII km S of Dinshu, ( cf, <? ), l.i.1972, Chenchio. - Little Batu, 24.XII km NW of Kebre Mengist, ( cf ), 12.IV N.H.M.A.A.: Ueb River, Dinshu, M. 711 ( cf ), 21.XII Note. - This species is an animal of the plateaux, recorded from altitudes of approximately m. It is an ecological equivalent of the European genus Arvicola, frequenting streamsides and marshes and living in tunnels in banks. E. FAMILY RHIZOMYIDAE 1. Tachyoryctes splendens (Riippell, 1836) Bathyergus splendens RtiPPELL, 1836, Neue Wirbelthiere z. d. Fauna Abyssinien gehiirig, Saugeth.: 36, pl. 12. Dembea, near Gondar, Ethiopia. Tachyoryctes splendens somalicus OsGOOD, 1910, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 5: 276. Ujawaj. Somalia. Tachyoryctes splendens omensis NEUMANN & RtiMMLER, 1928, Z. Saugelierk. 3: 297. Bolagoschana, Doko, Ethiopia. Tachyoryctes pontifex NEUMANN & RtiMMLER, 1928, Z. Saugetierk. 3: 300: Buka, Kaffa, Ethiopia. Tachyoryctes cheesmani THOMAS, 1928, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 1: 302. Dangila, Ethiopia. Tachyoryctes splendens canicaudus OsGOOD, 1936, Pubis Field Mus. nat. Hist. (Zoo!.) 20: 232. Sirre, Ethiopia. Tachyoryctes cheesmani gallarum OsGOOD, 1936, Pubis Field Mus. nat. Hist. (Zoo!.) 20: 233. Mt Albasso, Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - There is no doubt that only one species of T achyoryctes is included in this list of synonyms. The possibility of distinct races associated with different mountain blocks, or of a cline in size with altitude, remains to be properly examined. Several names have been based upon colouration, but the species is so variable in this respect (examples from a single site may range from pale ginger to black) that colour seems valueless as a taxonomic character. Identification. - T achyoryctes has 3/3 molars with a rather complicated enamel pattern reminiscent of Hystrix. T. splendens is much smaller

59 58 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK (M 1-3 : ) than T. macrocephalus but has a tail which is, both relatively and absolutely, longer. Records. - RtiPPELL, 1836: near Gondar. - HEDGLIN, 1857: Simien. - BREHM, 1863: Mensa Mts. - FITZINGER, 1866: Gondar; Lake Tana. - HEDGLIN, 1868: northern Simien. - BLANFORD, 1870: Lake Ashangi. -HEDGLIN, 1877: Simien; Wogara; Gondar; near Debre Tabor; Lake Ashangi. - GIGLIOLI, 1888: Guraghi Aimellel. - }ENTINK, 1888: Gondar. - RHOADS, 1896: Ghinir. - THOMAS, 1898: between Badditu and Dime. -DE WINTON, 1900: Shola. - ERLANGER & NEu MANN, 1900; NEUMANN, 1902a: Gara Mullata. - DE BEAUX, 1922: Arussi; Awash River. - DE BEAUX, 192.5: Azozo. - THOMAS, 1928: Dangila; Fatam River; Ammanuel; Wanberra; Debre Marcos; Lake Ashangi.- NEUMANN & RtiMMLER, 1928: Gara Mulatta; Harar; Abassi; Aberadscho; Wonda; Bolagoschana; Djala; Malo; Gardula; Buka. - OsGOOD, 1936: Sirre; Lajo; Arussi Plateau; Mulu; Salali; Mt Albasso; near Dodola; Arbie; Menagasha; Barka; Wodjadja. - ScoTT, 1952: Mt Tola. - TosCH!, 1963: Addis Ababa; Giamo; Maji. - BEADLES & lngersol, 1968: Alemaya.- lngersol, 1968: Alemaya; Gara Mullata.- CORBET & YALDEN, 1972: 18 km NW of Dessie; Meta Abo; Bonchi valley; Mt Gughe; Arba Minch. -DoRST, 1972: Koffole. -AsHFORD et al., 1973: Kutaber. - YALDEN, 1973: Urgana valley. - KuMERLOEVE, 1974: Antotto. Additional material. - B.M.: Robi, Shoa. - Gondar. - Godat River. - Harar. - Holeta Plains. - Kahana. - Merjata. - E shore of Lake Abiata, ( <;? ), Sidamo, 140 miles S of Addis Ababa. - Mt Batu, (d'), 17.XII W of Dorse, (<;?), 28.IV Maji. N.H.M.A.A.: Sabeta, M. 147; M. 607, 16.II km N of Hosanna (S). - Dinshu (S). - Bonchi valley, M. 33, 27.VIII.l SW corner of Lake Abaya, M km E of Neghelli (S). Note. - T. splendens is essentially a form of the plateaux, there being relatively few records from altitudes cf less than 2000 m although it has been reliably reported down to 1300 m. The only record from a lower level is that from Robi, Shoa, given as 1200 m by the collector. In the Bale Mountains, the species extends as high as 3900 m, where it is sympatric with T. macrocephalus. 2. T achyoryctes macrocephalus (Riippell, 1842) Rhizomys macrocephalus RtiPPELL, 1842, Mus. Senckenberg. 3: 97, 115, pl. 8, fig. 10; pl. 10, fig. 2. «Shoa», Ethiopia. Tachyoryctes macrocephalus hecki NEUMANN & RtiMMLER, 1928, Z. Siiugetierk. 3: 302_ Abakkara, S of Adaba, Ethiopia.

60 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 59 Identification. - T. macrocephalus is much larger (M 1-3 : ) than T. splendens but has a shorter tail (less than 65 mm), which makes even very young specimens readily identifiable. Records. - RuPPELL, 1842a; HEDGLIN, 1868; MERTENS, 1949: «Shoa». - NEUMANN & RuMMLER, 1928: Abakkara. - CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: Ueb valley, Dinshu.- Mt Batu.- 30 km S of Dinshu. -DoRST, 1972: Dinshu.- YALDEN, 1973: Urgana valley. Additional material. - B.M.: 2 km S of Dinshu, (2 c;? c;? ), 24.XII. 1971, Danka River watershed, S of Dinshu, (2 c;? c;? ), Little Batu, ( c;? ), 24.XII N.H.M.A.A.: 2 km S of Dinshu, M. 645 ( c;? ), 29.IV km S of Dinshu, M. 484, Bale Mts, M. 486 (d'), 25.XII Note. - This high altitude, endemic species has only recently become well known. T. macrocephalus hecki is recorded in the Bale Mts from m and is characteristic of the Afro-Alpine moorland zone although it extends, like Arvicanthis blicki and Lophuromys melanonyx with which it shares this habitat, to grassland at lower altitudes. The precise type locality of the nominate race is unknown; RuPPELL did not collect as far south as the modern province of Shoa and a locality in Begemdir or Wollo seems likely. HEDGLIN's (1868) record from the Agaumeder region (SW of Lake Tana) is, presumably, based upon a sighting of T. splendens and must be rejected. There are no mountains in this area which seem high enough to support a population of T. macrocephalus. F. FAMILY DIPODIDAE 1. Jaculus jaculus (Linnaeus, 1758) Mus jaculus LINNAEUS, 1758, Syst. Nat. Ed. 10 1: 62. Giza, Egypt. Dipus microtis REICHENOW, 1887, Zoo!. Anz. 10: 369. Samhar (region), Ethiopia. Taxonomy. - ALLEN (1939) considered Dipus abyssinicus F.A.A. Meyer, 1793 to be a synonym of the large N African species Jaculus orientalis Erxleben, If this view is correct, it must be assumed that the name abyssinicus is not a reliable indication as to the origin of the typical material. Identification. - The elongate hindlimbs (HF ca 60 mm) and kangaroo-like locomotion will readily distinguish Jaculus from any other rodent in Ethiopia. Records. - }ESSE, 1869: between Zoula and Koomayli. - BLAN FORD, 1870: Zulla (Dipus gerbillus). - REICHENOW, 1887: Samhar. -

61 60 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK DEL PRATO, 1891: Massawa (Dipus hirtipes Lichtenstein) a, 1902b: between Zeila and Jildessa. Additional record. - Massawa (S). NEUMANN, G. FAMILY BATHYERGIDAE 1. Heterocephalus glaber Riippell, 1842 Heterocephalus glaber RiiPPELL, 1842, Mus. Senckenberg. 3: 99, pl. 8, fig. I; pl. 10, fig. 3 a-c. «Shoa, Ethiopia. Heterocephalus phillipsi THOMAS, 1886, Proc. zoo!. Soc. Lond. (for 18E5): 612, pl. 55, figs 1-4. Gerlogobi, Ethiopia. Heterocephalus dunni THOMAS, 1909, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (8) 4: 109. Wadere, Ethiopia. Identification. - The virtually naked skin makes this rodent immediately recognisable. Records. - RDPPELL, 1842a; HEUGLIN, 1868: «Shoa».-THOMAS, 1886, 1904: Gerlogobi. - PARONA & CATTANEO, 1893; PARONA, 1895: between Hargeisa and Milmil. -RHOADS, 1896: Milmil. - DoNALDSON SMITH, 1897: Sassabane.- THOMAS, 1904, 1909: Wadere.- DE BEAUX, 1934: Errer (River); Auata (River). - DE BEAUX, 1943: Elolo. - STARCK, 1957: 30 km E of Harar; Errer River; Bisidimo River. - BEA DLES & lngersol, 1968: Erer River. - lngersol, 1968: Dire Dawa; between Erer River and Urso River; Errer River. - LANZA, 1972: Awash National Park. Additional material. - B.M.: Errer River. N.H.M.A.A.: Arsu River, M So Omar (S). - Meghenlo, M. 537, 13.VI.l971. Note. - This species is known, in Ethiopia, only from the arid south-eastern lowlands at altitudes of approximately m. H. FAMILY CTENODACTYLIDAE 1. Pectinator spekei Blyth, 1856 Pectinator spekei BLYTH, 1856, J. Asiatic Soc. Beng. (for 1855) (2) 24: 294, pl. 2, fig. I. Between Las Koreh and the Nogal valley, Somalia. Pectinator spekei meridiana/is DE BEAux, 1922, Atti Soc. ita!. Sci. nat. 61: 27. Dolo, Somalia. Pectinator spekei legerae DE BEAUX, 1934, Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat. 73: 293. Assab, Ethiopia. Identification. - The short, well-furred tail and stiff white bristles covering the claws are probably sufficient to distinguish this species, which

62 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 61 looks superficially like a small ground squirrel. The skull, with its large infraorbital foramen, and 3/3 cheek teeth each with an 8-shaped occlusal surface, is quite distinctive. Records. - HEUGLIN, 1861a: Tadjura Bay. - FITZINGER, 1866: Tadjura Bay; Adal (Petrobetes sp.). - JESSE, 1869: between Koomayli and Senafe. - BLANFORD, 1870: Hadoda; Suru; Undul Wells. - ANTI NOR! et al., 1871:?Assab.- HEUGLIN, 1877: Tadjura; near Adulis Bay. - GIGLIOLI, 1888: Assab; near Hadoda; near Senafe. - BoTTEGO, 1892: Balloide. - OusTALET, 1894: Obock; Danakil. - RHOADS, 1896:?Sheikh Mahomet. - PARISI, 1917: Arafali. - DE BEAUX, 1922: Uebi (=Webi Shebeli River); Balloidi; Beilul; Dolo.- DE BEAUX, 1931: Assab; Gaare.- DE BEAUX, 1934: Assab; Ueb, Ogaden.- BEADLES &!NGERSOL, 1968: Daletti; near Scenele. - lngersol, 1968: Gara Barcia; western ridge above Dabahs River. Additional material. - B.M.: Mille River. Dr W. GEORGE (in litt.): W of Sardo (S). - E of Loggia.- W of Asaita (S). - Mille River (S). - Near Gaad (S). - N of Gildessa (S). - Gobelli River. Note. - This species is a denizen of rocky cliffs in desert and semidesert regions and often occurs with hyrax. All records lie at altitudes between sea level and approximately 1200 m with the exception of that from Sheikh Mahomet which, for this reason, is considered rather doubtful. ]. FAMILY THRYONOMYIDAE 1. Thryonomys gregorianus (Thomas, 1894) Aulacodus gregorianus THOMAS, 1894, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 13: Konu, Kikuyu, Kenya Luiji Reru River, Identification. - T. gregorianus is a large rodent with a short tail and a Hystrix-like skull having 4/4 cheek teeth and a large infraorbital foramen. A still larger form, T. swinderianus (Temminck, 1827 ), is known from Sudan and Uganda and might occur in Ethiopia; it has a longer tail than gregorianus (reaching beyond the hind feet when these are turned backwards). Records. - CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: 10 km W of Mabil; Backo, Wollega; Gambela. Note. - This species is characteristic of swampy areas with long grass and reeds. It is recorded in Ethiopia at altitudes of m and is likely to be confined to the western regions of the country.

63 62 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK K. FAMILY HYSTRICIDAE 1. Hystrix cristata Linnaeus, 1758 Hystrix cristata LJNNAEUS, 1758, Syst. Nat. Ed. 10 1: 56. Rome, Italy. Hystrix galeata THOMAS, 1893, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 11: 230. Lamu, Kenya. Taxonomy. - We follow CoRBET & ]ONES (1965) in regarding galeata as a synonym of H. cristata, although MoHR (1965) considers them to be separable on colouration. Identification. - The combination of large size and distinctive blackand-white quills makes this rodent unmistakable. The occlusal pattern of the 4/4 cheek teeth is also characteristic. Records. - HEUGLIN, 1861a: Habab; Massawa. - BREHM, 1863: Samchara; Mkullu. - FrTZINGER, 1866: Habab; near Massawa; Danakil; Guda Mts; Tadjura.- HARTMANN, 1868: Bogos; Samchara.- HEUGLIN, 1868: Keren; Adoa area. - REIL, 1869: N of Massawa. - HEUGLIN, 1877: Naqfa; Keren; Barka area. - ScHUVER, 1883: Gubba region. - DEL PRATO, 1891: near Asmara. - PrcAGLIA, 1895: Keren; Shoa. - WELLBY, 1901: Mt Yerrer.- THOMAS, 1904: Gorahae.- KLEYDORFF, 1910: Adamo.- KoLMER, 1910: Bisidimo River.- BrscHOFFSHAUSEN, 1913: Dukambia. - PARISI, 1917: Baratanti; Adi Quala. - HECK, 1930: near Antotto. -HECK, 1941, 1952: Dire Dawa area. -HoPKINS & RoTHSCHILD, 1953: Addis Ababa; Harar. - MAGNIS, 1966: Bisidimo River; Errer River. - BEADLES & INGERSOL, 1968: Damota valley; Afdem Plains (Doha River). - INGERSOL, 1968: Doha River; El Bah; Damota River; Alemaya. - CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972: NE of Lake Chama; Mugher River (mouth); Guder River (mouth); Fincha River (mouth); Caroarsa River (mouth); Awash National Park (Metahara). - DoRST, 1972: Kofiole. - LANZA, 1972: Awash National Park. - AsH FORD et al., 1973: Kutaber. - BoLTON, 1973: Afar (Danakil region); Ogaden (region); Bale Mts; Simien Mts; Arussi Mts. Additional records. - N.H.M.A.A. (sight records): Agula. - Gorgora.- S of Alomata.- Asaita.- Bahadu. - NW of Goha Tsion.- 28 km NE of Dire Dawa.- Melca Werrer. -Aware Melca. - Didessa River bridge.- Holetta.- Ambo.- Sabeta.- SW of Danan.- Tegi. - Jibat.- Koka.- Dagabur.- Asendabo, Kafia.- Jimma.- NE of Hosanna. - E shore of Lake Abiata. - Beletta Forest. - E shore of Lake Shalla.- Godare Forest. - Bonga.- Dinshu. - Arba Minch km N of Sidam-Bale bridge. - Gode. - S of Murle. - E shore of Lake Stephanie. The above sightings, all contributed by qualified biologists, help to determine the geographical and altitudinal limits of the porcupine in

64 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 63 Ethiopia. These limits are not extended by the following supplementary records provided by senior students at the General Wingate School, Addis Ababa, who were asked if they had positive knowledge of porcupine near their villages. The animal is so distinctive and of such importance in farming communities that these records can be accepted with some confidence. Supplementary records. - Agordat. - Asmara. - Tessenei. - Decamere.- Saganeiti.- Mandafera.- Adigrat.- Makalle.- Gondar. -Lake Ashangi.- Azozo.- Dangila.- Karakore.- Debre Marcos. Fitche. - Debre Berhan. - Fincha. - Shambu. - Gursum. - Kolubi. - Mulu. - Ghimbi. - Graua. -Ashe Teferi. - Lekempti. -Addis Alem. - Arjo. - Meko. - Dembidollo. - Nazareth. - Bedelle. - Gore. - Lake Zwai. - Munessa. - Soddu. - Abella. - Dilla. - Kebre Mengist. Note. - The distribution of this rodent is remarkable. It has been recorded from sea level at Massawa, and at 3550 m in the Simien Mts by BoLTON (1973), who notes that it is reputed to extend still higher in the mountains of Arussi and Bale. In Ethiopia, it appears to be excluded only from the most arid regions of the Danakil Desert, as is witnessed by the absence of records from the frequently-visited port of Assab. Possibly, the species is less abundant in the semi desert regions of the Ogaden and Borana than elsewhere, although it has been noted that, wherever irrigation is installed to support large-scale farming (e.g. Gode and Melca Werrer), the numbers of porcupine increase dramatically and the animal soon becomes a major pest. It seems more likely that the scarcity of records from SE Ethiopia reflects only a scarcity of zoologists in this region. L. NoMINA nubia Mus fistulator Heuglin ]ENTINK (1888, p. 69) lists this murid from the Simien Mts on the basis of a specimen collected by Heuglin in However, this specific name has not been traced in HEDGLIN's publications and is not mentioned by ALLEN (1939). Mus galanus Heuglin, 1877 HEDGLIN (1877, Vol. 2, p. 75) described this rodent from the Wolo Gala region (ca 11 10' N 39 45' E) and recorded as its peculiarities: upper incisors with three grooves, lower incisors smooth, upper and lower molars with cusps. ALLEN (1939) lists this name as a doubtful synonym of Gerbillus bilensis Frick ( = G. pyramidum I. Geoffroy, 1825).

65 64 D. W. YALDEN. M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK IV. DISCUSSION The small mammal fauna of Ethiopia is still rather poorly known, as is evidenced by the number of species which are known from only a few specimens, often obtained before It is here suggested that the insectivore and rodent fauna consists of 74 species, although this total is obviously subject to modification by taxonomic judgement as well as by further collecting. Twelve of these species are known only from Ethiopia and the majority of these endemics are montane forms associated with the central plateaux. Two of the endemic species (Arvicanthis blicki, Stenocephalemys albocaudata) are apparently confined, like the Mountain Nyala (Tragelephas buxtoni), to the plateau on the eastern side of the Ethiopian Rift Valley. Another nine endemics (Crocidura baileyi, Mus mahomet, Muriculus imberbis, Praomys albipes, Stenocephalemys griseicauda, Pelomys harringtoni, Lophuromys melanonyx, Dendromus lovati, Tachyoryctes macrocephalus) are found on both the eastern and western plateaux. The remaining endemic species (Pelomys rex) is known only from the type specimen, taken at an altitude of 1800 m, and may well be restricted to the tropical deciduous forests of SW Ethiopia. It is, perhaps, surprising that there seem to be no endemic species confined, like the Gelada (Theropithecus gelada), to the western plateau (there is, at present, no justification for including Pelomys rex in this category) but this may be due to the fact that insufficient coi.lecting has been done at high altitudes (over 3000 m) in this part of the country. At least two of the species which have been included in the list of endemic forms (Mus mahomet, Praomys albipes) are likely, to judge from their altitudinal distribution in Ethiopia, to extend into neighbouring territories where they may, at present, be masquerading under other names. Nevertheless, the endemicity amongst insectivores and rodents (ca 16%) is clearly extremely high (see CoRBET & YALDEN, 1972; LARGEN et al., 1974). MOREAU ( 1966 ), when discussing the endemic birds of Ethiopia, expressed surprise that so many were «montane grassland» species and so few were «montane forest» forms, but the same bias is found in the small mammal fauna; eight endemics are associated with grassland or moorland and only four (Mus mahomet, Praomys albipes, Pelomys harringtoni, Pelomys rex) may be forest or forest-edge species. However, this feature becomes less remarkable when it is realised that there is comparatively little montane forest in Ethiopia; grassland (both natural and man-made) being the predominant vegetation type on the plateaux.

66 e Atelerix albiventris A Paraechinus aethiopicus 0 ~ 0 Fig The recorded distribution of Atelerix albiventris and Paraechinus aethiopicns in Ethiopia. Figs \70.60 Type T,&, Symbols: Locality precisely identified, identification of specimen accepted. Locality precisely identified; identification of specimen open to doubt. Locality approximate or doubtful; identification of specimen accepted. locality.

67 66 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK e Crocidura fumosa A C. baileyi Fig The recorded distribution of Crocidura fumosa and C. baileyi in Ethiopia.

68 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 67 A Crocidura turbo e C. flovescens I ~ r e'j o r l... Fig The recorded distribution of Crocidura turba and C. flavescens in Ethiopia.

69 68 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK e Crocidurc bicolor A C. bottegi Fig The recorded distribution of Crocidura bicolor and C. bottegi in Ethiopia.

70 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 69 e Crocidura hildegardeae.a C. niobe C. somalica T C. smithi Fig The recorded distribution of Crocidura hildegardeae, C. niobe, C. somalica and C. smithi in Ethiopia.

71 70 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK e Crocidura? voi A Suncus etruscus 5. murinus 0 c80 0 Fig The recorded distribution of Crocidura? voi, Suncus etruscus and S. murinus in Ethiopia.

72 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 71 A Sylvisorex megaluro e Elephantulus rufescens 0 BP 0 Fig The recorded distribution of Sylvisorex megalura and Elephantulus rufescens in Ethiopia.

73 72 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK e Heliosciurus gambianus A Poraxerus ochraceus Fig The recorded distribution of Heliosciurus gambianus and Paraxerus ochraceus in Ethiopia.

74 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 73 0 ~ Fig The recorded distribution of Euxerus erythropus in Ethiopia.

75 74 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK 8~ ~ o~ ~ Fig The recorded distribution of Xerus rutilus in Ethiopia.

76 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 75 e Graphiurus murinus A Lophiomys imhausi.. "- \J (J 6., ~: e/ Fig The recorded distribution of Graphiurus murinus and Lophiomys imhattsi in Ethiopia.

77 76 D. W. YALDEN. M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK e latera robusta A T. valido T. nigricouda "' Ammodillus imbellis... Fig The recorded distribution of Tat era robusta, T. valida, T. nigricauda and Ammodillus imbellis in Ethiopia.

78 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 77 Taterillus emini Gerbil Ius "' pyramidum G. gerbillus... G. ruberrimus Fig The recorded distribution of Taterillus emini, Gerbillus pyramidum, G. gerbillus and G. ruberrimus in Ethiopia.

79 78 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK e Mus mu5culus A M. tenellus M proconodon Fig The recorded distribution of Mus musculus, M. tenellus and M. proconodon in Ethiopia.

80 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 79 e Mus mahomet A Muriculus imberbis Fig The recorded distribution of Mus mahomet and Muriculus imberbis in Ethiopia.

81 80 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK e Rattus rattus A R. norveg icus 0 so 0 Fig The recorded distribution of Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus in Ethiopia.

82 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 81 A Praomys fumotus e P. albipes.. 0 '... ' t'j r >..! Fig The recorded distribution of Praomys fumatus and P. albipes in Ethiopia.

83 82 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK Fig The recorded distribution of Praomys natalensis in Ethiopia.

84 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 83 e Stenocepholemys olbocaudota A S. griseicauda Fig The recorded distribution of Stenocephalemys albocaudata and S. griseicauda in Ethiopia. 6

85 84 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK e Oenomys hypoxonthus.&. Grammomys dolichurus Thallomys paedulcus Fig The recorded distribution of Oenomys hypoxanthus, Grammomys dolichurus and Thallomys paedulcus in Ethiopia.

86 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 85 A Acomys wilsoni e A. cohirinus. \ Fig The recorded distribution of Acomys wilsoni and A. cahirinus in Ethiopia.

87 86 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK S..:..? ~ : e? e Arviconthis abyssinicus A A. blicki Fig The recorded distribution of Arvicanthis abyssinicus and A. blicki in Ethiopia.

88 MAMMALS uf ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 87 e Arv icanthis dembeensis A A. ~omclicus r?? e?e e-. L.,_? e? ~ ) if' a Fig The recorded distribution of Arvicanthis dembeensis and A. somalicus in Ethiopia.

89 88 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK A Pelomys harringtoni T P. rex e Lemniscomys L. barbarus striatus Fig The recorded distribution of Pelomys harringtoni, P. rex, Lemniscomys striatus and L. barbarus in Ethiopia.

90 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA );).,... go.. ~p. 0 Fig The recorded distribution of Lophuromys flavopunctatus in Ethiopia.

91 90 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK A Lophuromys melanonyx e Dasymys incomtus Saccostomus campestris Colomys goslingi Fig The recorded distribution of Lophuromys melanonyx, Dasymys incomtus, Saccostomus campestris and Colomys goslingi in Ethiopia.

92 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 91 e Dendromus mesomelas.6. D. mystacalis ~ D. melanotis D. lovati s~..... ~ Fig The recorded distribution of Dendromus mesomelas, D. mystacalis, D. melanotis and D. lovati in Ethiopia.

93 92 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK e Steatomys pratensis A Otomys typus o.. f... Fig The recorded distribution of Steatomys pratensis and Otomys typus in Ethiopia.

94 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 93 fj ~)!.. \9.tJ Fig The recorded distribution of Tachyoryctes splendens in Ethiopia.

95 94 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK A Tachyoryctes macrocephalus Jaculus jaculus e Heterocephalus glaber ~ 0 Fig The recorded distribution of Tachyoryctes macrocephalus, Jaculus jaculus and Heterocephalus glaber in Ethiopia.

96 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 95 e Pectinator spekei A Thryonomys gregoricnus Fig The recorded distribution of Pectinator spekei and Thryonomys gregorianus in Ethiopia.

97 96 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK. ~s.....,. ( ~Y.) '\..e!/ 0. ~ Fig The recorded distribution of Hystrix crista/a in Ethiopia.

98 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 97 V. GAZETTEER OF COLLECTION LOCALITIES The following gazetteer includes only those localities not identified in the first part of this series (LARGEN et al., 1974); like its predecessor, it is based upon the 1: and 1: maps, series GSGS 2465 and 4646, published by the British War Office during the years Heights in italics are considered to be reasonably accurate but the remaining references to altitude are approximate only. Locality Co-ordinates Altitude ( m) Abai (Abbai), Lake see Lake Abaya Abakkara ca 06 50'N 39 15'E Abassi ( =Awasa), Lake, S shore 06 59'N 38 23'E 1780 Abaya, Lake, NW of 06 40'N 38 00'E 1300 Abela ( =A vela) 06 54'N 38 30'E 2200 Aberadscho 07"15'N 37'52'E 2000 Abiu, E of 'N 35"22'E 1500 Abu el Kassim (Mt) 07"41'N 40 29'E Abulie 09 45'N 37"47'E 2500 Acrur, Accle Cusai 15 07'N 39'14'E 2000 Adaba 07"01'N 39 24'E 2800 Adal = Danakil region Adamo 14 25'N 37 10'E 900 Adarte (probably 15"41'N 38 06'E 700) Addis Ababa, 8 km E of 09 02'N 38'50'E 2500 A del see Adal Adigrat 14 16'N 39 27'E 2500 Adi Quala 14 37'N 38 50'E 2100 Afdem 09 28'N 41 00'E 1000 Afdem Plain 09 42'N 40 50'E 1000 Agula 13 40'N 39 38'E 2000 Ailet 15"35'N 39 09'E 300 Aimola 04 08'N 40 10'E 900 Aiscia 10 45'N 42 35'E 700 Alaba Plains OT20'N 38 10'E 1800 Alaltu 09 08'N 39 06'E 2600 Albasso, Mt ( =Mt Badda) 07"55'N 39"27'E 3300 Alemaya, Lake 09 24'N 42 01'E 2100 Alii a ca 07"50'N 39 50'E 2500 Aliano 07"40'N 36 50'E 1800 Alia ta (All eta) 06 33'N 38"28'E 2500

99 98 D. W. YALDEN. M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK Locality Co-ordinates Altitude ( m) Alomata, S of l2 10'N 39 40' 1500 Amar Cocche, Mt 05 10'N 36 45' 2000 Ambagir, 2 km W of W'44'N 37"58' 3550 Amedamit Mts ll 0 07'N 3r19'E Ammanuel 10"27'N 37 33' 2500 Anderatscha OT12'N 36 27' 1900 Ankober 09 35'N 39 45' 3000 Annesley Bay ( =Gulf of Zula) 15'15'N 39 45' sea level Antotto (Entotto) see Addis Ababa Arafali 15"05'N 39 45' sea level Aramaio, Lake see Lake Alemaya Araroba between Keren and Asmara Arbagona 06 40'N 38 45' 2600 Arba Minch, 9 km N of 06 08'N 37 42' 1300 Arba Scico ( Abrascico) 15"32'N 38 45' 1900 Arbie 06 40'N 38 43' 2600 Arero, Plain of ca 04 45'N 38 50' Argase 04 40'N 38 08' 1500 Arjo 08''45'N 36 31' 2000 Arkiko 15"30'N 39 27' sea level Armucale River 09 49'N 42 07' 1200 Arnoon 08 27'N 40 55' 1500 Arsu River 10 05'N 40 00' 1150 Arussi Plateau ca OT50'N 39 25' 2600 Asaita ll 0 34'N 41"26' 400 Asaita, W of 11<35'N 41 23' 500 Asbe Teferai (Asbe Littorio) 09 06'N 40 52' 1900 Asendabo, Kaffa OT45'N 3T15'E 1700 Ashangi, Lake 12'35'N 39'30' 1780 Asile 04 52'N 'E 500 Auata, Mt, E of ca 07"15'N 41 15' Auata, River ca 05'15'N 39 08' 1000 Awash (River, S of Addis Ababa) 08 37'N 38 40' 2000 Ax urn 14 08'N 38"43' 2100 Azobahr 12 01'N 37"02' 1830 Azozo 12 32'N 37"26' 2000 Bab Bahr l2 16'N 37"07' 1800 Bako, Gemu Gofa, 2.5 km from 06 02'N 36 49' 1500 Balchi 08 54'N 39 16' 2000 Balloidi 13"48'N 41 55' sea level Barak l2 35'N 37"25' 2000

100 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 99 Locality Co-ordinates Altitude (m) Baratanti Eritrea Province Barka Plains ( Zaphiro coli.) ca 09 00'N 38"30'E 3100 Barka region (Heuglin coli.) 15'30'N 37"50'E Bar Madu 04 20'N 42 03'E 300 Baschlo ( Bascillo) region ca 11 40'N 39 00'E Batie 11"10'N 40 01'E 1670 Batu, Mt 06 55'N 39 47'E Batu, Mt, ridge 06 53'N 39 50'E 3965 Bedele 08 28'N 36 21'E 2000 Beheta 13 26'N 42 15'E 100 Beilul 13 12'N 42 24'E sea level Beni Schongel (region) 10 15'N 34 45'E Bichena (Bichana) 10 26'N 38 14'E 2500 Bilen 09 3l'N 40'14'E 900 Bio Caboba 10 23'N 42 33'E 1000 Bisidimo River 09'16'N 42 12'E 1500 Bisidimo village 09o11'N 42 13'E 1500 Bitiju 09 33'N 40 45'E 900 Black Abai, Lake see Lake Abaya Bodessa 05"08'N 37"40'E 1500 Bodessa Habra 08 40'N 40 '45'E 1700 Boditti 06 58'N 37"53'E 1900 Bolagoschana ca 06o15'N 36 40'E 2000 Bole valley 09 l5'n 38 33'E 1750 Bon chi (River) valley 06 05'N 37"40'E 2900 Bonga 07"15'N 36 15'E 1900 Borabu, Mt 07"48'N 39 22'E 3700 Boralugu, near 07"43'N 39 20'E 3000 Buka ca OJDOO'N 36 30'E Bulbul River, near Jimma 07"42'N 37"04'E 1800 Burga (Burgi) 05"25'N 37c55'E 1800 Buromeda 11 olo'n 39 18'E 2450 Cal am 04 50'N 36 05'E 400 Caroarsa River, mouth 'N 'E 900 Caroarsa River, 10 km E of 10"10'N 36 05'E 900 Chamo, Lake, NW of 05"57'N 37"35'E 1250 Charada Forest ca 07"25'N 36 45'E 1800 Chellia ( Chellika) 08 56'N 37"28'E 2500 Chencha, 9 km N of 06 20'N 37"40'E 2700 Chenchio ca 07"00'N 37 00'E 1800 Chilalo Mts 07"50'N 39 20'E

101 100 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK Locality Chilalo Divide camp Chilga Chirca Chokay (Choke, Tschoki) Mts Chor Gingil Schimfa } Chor Madabia Chunguru (region and village) Collufu River Combolcha Cunama region Dabahs River Dabahs River, ridge above Dabat Dacata valley Dagabur Dahlac Island Daletti Damota (village and valley) Danan, SW of Dande Danka River watershed, S of Dinshu Darde River Darsi River mouth Datscha (Bache region) Dawa River, 11 km N of Debre Berhan Debre Sina, 4 km S of Debre Tabor Debre Zehir, 20 km S of Decamere Dedota Degen (Dejem) Delhena (Dalhame) River Dembea, Lake Dembea region Dembeecha Dembidollo Demdi, 2 km N of Deraske Dessie Dessie, 18 km NW of Co-ordinates see Chilalo Mts 12"35'N 37"06'E 07"52'N 39 17'E 10 40'N 37"55'E see Scinfa River 05"05'N 36o05'E 06 04'N 37"40'E 11 05'N 39 45'E 14o20'N 36o45'E 09 58'N 42"20'E 10o02'N 42"23'E 12"59'N 37"45'E 09 05'N 42o30'E 08 14'N 43 33'E 15"35'N 40"15'E 08"33'N 42 07'E 09o25'N 42 04'E ca 08o45'N 38o45'E 04 45'N 36o28'E 06"59'N 39o44'E at ca 07"20'N 42o05'E 06o07'N 37"42'E 06 55'N 36 25'E 04o52'N 39o23'E 09"40'N 39 32'E 09 50'N 39"44'E 11"50'N 38"02'E 06"07'N 36"53'E 15"05'N 39o03'E ca 08 20'N 39"00'E 10"10'N 38 10'E ca 05"25'N 37"20'E see Lake Tana 12"25'N 3T15'E 10o33'N 37"31'E 08"33'N 34"48'E 08"07'N 36 27'E 12"25'N 37"20'E 11"07'N 39"43'E 11"11'N 39'36'E Altitude ( m) sea level

102 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 101 Locality C a-ordinates Altitude (m) Dessie, 31 km NW of 11 "17'N 39"32'E 2000 Devark (Davart, Debarek) 13"08'N 37"55'E 2900 Dibcan (Dibkan) see Piccolo Abbai bridge Didessa River, near Guma 08' 0 03'N 36"27'E 1900 Dill a 06"25'N 38"18'E 2000 Dinshu, 30 km S of 06"50'N 39"47'E 3800 Dire Dawa, 45 km NE of 10"00'N 42"05'E 900 Dire Dawa, 28 km NE of 09 50'N 41"53'E 900 Djoudjou 08 05'N 36 34'E 1900 Dodola 06 58'N 39"11 'E 2900 Doka, Sudan 13 32'N 35"46'E 600 Dongollo 15"24'N 39"05'E 1000 Dorse, 4 km N of 06"16'N 37"40'E 2600 Dorse, W of 06"14'N 37"34'E 3000 Dubuluc 04"22'N 38 15'E 1800 Dugbasa 11 52'N 36' 38'E 2000 Dukambia 14 47'N 37"30'E 800 Dumbola Kalta 05"00'N 38"00'E 1200 Ehret 07"50'N 42 25'E 900 Eifag (Hag) 12 03'N 37"46'E 2000 Ekel 11 20'N 37"45'E 1500 El-Bah 09 44'N 41 "52'E 1100 El Banno 04 51'N 37"23'E 2000 El Carre, S of ca 05 30'N 42 00'E El Dere 03 50'N 39"46'E 1000 El Dire 04"59'N 37"07'E 1500 Encuolo, Mt 07"21'N 39 22'E 3000 Eng an ca 04"45'N 36"25'E 700 Enjiabara 10"58'N 36 58'E 2700 Entschetgab 13"08'N 38 10'E 2800 Erer River 09'45'N 41 "24'E 1100 Errer (River) valley, near Bisidimo ca 09"11'N 42 15'E 1500 Farda Robo 06"15'N 41 30'E 800 Fargeta 11"05'N 37"07'E 2100 Fatam River mouth l0 16'N 36"53'E 1000 Fatma Island 13"01'N 42 50'E sea level Fazoghli, Sudan 11 "18'N 34"47'E 500 Fekkeri Ghasa (Fekeri Ghem) see Let Marefia Felenguai 06 12'N 36 39'E 2000 Ferkaber 12 09'N 37"40'E 2000 Filtu, SE of ca 04"30'N 41 30'E 7

103 102 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK Locality Fincha Finik Fitche Gaad, near Gadna Island Gafersa Galadi Galampso Gamofi Ganat Mariam Gara Barcia Garba Guracha Gardula Garumba, Mt Gaysay, Mt Geddo Gedeb Mts Gedem Geech (Buahit), Mt Geroka ( Gerorge) Geshr Mariam Ghemira (region) Ghimbi, 24 km N of Ghinda (1) Ghinir Giamo Giarso Gibgebait Gildessa Gildessa, N of Gimb Goba Gobelli River Godare Forest Godat River Gode Godessa Habra Godolo Mts Goha Tsion, NW of --- Co-ordinates 09"35'N 3r22'E 06 57'N 42 10'E 09 48'N 38 45'E 09 50'N 41 50'E l1 53'N 37"16'E see Addis Ababa 05 30'N 44 19'E 08 46'N 40"30'E ca 07"45'N 40 20'E 12 41'N 36 31'E 09 42'N 41 09'E 06"55'N 39 50'E 05 37'N 37"30'E 06 40'N 38 38'E 07"08'N 39 45'E 08 59'N 37 25'E 06"55'N 39 10'E see Jebel Geddem 13 15'N 38 14'E 08 18'N 36 38'E ca 11 22'N 37"23'E 07"10'N 36 00'E 09 30'N 35 50'E 15 26'N 39 06'E 07"09'N 40 43'E 06 38'N 35"48'E 05"15'N 37"32'E 11 50'N 37 01'E 09 42'N 42 05'E 09 50'N 42 05'E 11 59'N 36 56'E 07"01'N 39"59'E 08 30'N 42 05'E 07"26'N 35 00'E see Debre Marcos Altitude ( m) "52'N 43 16'E 260 see Bodessa Habra see Dodola 'N 38 17'E 2000 ( 1) The co-ordinates for this locality were cited incorrectly by LARGEN et al (1974) and are now amended.

104 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 103 Locality Co-ordinates Altitude (m) Golaj (Kolaj) 10"42'N 'E 1600 Gombitchu (region) ca 09 20'N 38 40'E 2450 Gomit River ll 0 08'N 38 07'E 1800 Gorahae 06"37'N 44 22'E 450 Gore 08 08'N 35 31'E 2000 Gore, 2 km W of 08 08'N 35"30' 1800 Goulala see Addis Ababa Graua 09 08'N 41 51'E 2100 Gubba region ll 0 15'N 35"20'E Gubea (region) ca 10 20'N 38 15'E Gubre ca ll 0 20'N 3J025'E 1800 Guda Mts, French Somaliland ll 0 47'N 42 45'E Guder ( Goodur) 08 58'N 3J047'E 1800 Guder River mouth 09"50'N 3J041'E 1000 Gudur ca ll 0 10'N 36 55'E 2100 Gughe, Mt 06 05'N 3J020'E Gull ale ( Goulala) see Addis Ababa Gum a (region) ca 08 10'N 36 20'E 2000 Gumara River ca ll 0 53'N 3J037'E 1800 Gum Yasus 10 38'N 36 34'E 1500 Guraghe, Mt, S of ca 08 10'N 38 15'E Guraghi Aimellel not located Guri Dagono ( Gure) OJ027'N 40 36'E 2000 Gursum 09 32'N 42 34'E 2500 Gurumba, Mt 06 40'N 38 38'E 3000 Habab (region) 16 45'N 38 45'E Hadana, Awash River? = Adam a = Nazareth Hadoda 15"17'N 39 40'E 100 Hakelo 15 00'N 40 08'E sea level Haliberat (Elaberet) 15 37'N 38 45'E 2000 Hamedo (region) 14 25'N 38"50'E Harar, 30 km E of 09 15'N 42 20'E 1500 Harar, 60 km E of 09 14'N 42 32'E 1200 Hardim, Laga (River) ca 09 00'N 40 20'E Hargeisa, Somalia 09"33'N 44 04'E 1250 Haru Ali 06 08'N 40 48'E 1000 Higo (lgo) 04 2l'N 38 25'E 400 Hirna valley 09 l2'n 41"0l'E 2500 Holeta Plains ca 09 03'N 38 30'E 2900 Holetta 09"02'N 38 29'E 2500 Hora (Hara), Mt OJ038'N 39 20'E 2750

105 104 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK Locality Co-ordinates Altitude ( m) Hosanna, 14 km N of 07"40'N 37"53'E 2400 Hosanna, NE of 07"40'N 38 00'E 2000 Ilani 07"02'N 40'42'E 1500 Inyala camp see Chilalo Mts Ismala 11 35'N 36 56'E 2300 Javello see Yavello Jib at 08 40'N 37"30'E 2000 Jifadensa ( Ciaffedenza) 08 58'N 39 08'E 2500 Jigga 10 40'N 37"25'E 2000 Jildessa see Gildessa Jire, Kenya 03"57'N 40 03'E 1000 Kahana (River) 09 03'E 38 49'E 2500 Kalata (Galata) River 08 24'N 39 26'E Kalo ca 08 30'N 36 45'E Karakore 10 31'N 39 54'E 1500 Karo Lola, Somalia 03 45'N 41 45'E 400 Ka tchisa ( Caccisi) 09 36'N 37 53'E 2800 Kazimimer ca 04 50'N 36""35'E 700 Kebre Mengist 05 53'N 39 00'E 1680 Kebre Mengist, 70 km NW of 06 23'N 38 35'E 2650 Kebre Mengist, 23 km SE of 05"48'N 39 12'E 1900 Kella, near Shabadino ca 06 53'N 38 18'E Khor (River) Suroita 14 25'N 41 20'E sea level Kibish see Kibbish Wells Kolaj (Qolaj) see Golaj Kolubi 09 30'N 41 45'E 2500 Kombolcha see Combolcha Konso, 50 km W of 05 20'N 37"17'E 900 Konso, 90 km W of 05 15'N 36 45'E 1700 Konso (region) ca 05"25'N 37 20'E Koomayli ( Comaile) 15"10'N 39 35'E 200 Koosa ca 10 55'N 39 35'E 3000 Kork 10 04'N 37'56'E 2400 Kosha (Coscia region) 06 45'N 36 35'E Koteke ca 06 45'N 37"53'E 1900 Kukeru Springs 08 00'N 41 07'E 1500 Kulla (region) ca 13 00'N 37"30'E Kum Dingani ca 05 20'N 36 15'E 700 Kutaber 11 15'N 39 35'E 2650 Kutar ca ll 0 10'N 36 55'E 2100 Ladu ( = Locu) 06 52'N 38.,25'E 1800

106 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 105 Locality Co-ordinates Altitude ( m) Lajo, Mt probably 07"10'N 39"40'E Lammo 07"50'N 42 05'E 900 Lebca (River) valley (upper) ca 16"05'N 38'40'E Lekempti 09 05'N 36 33'E 2200 Little Abbai see Piccolo Abbai Little Batu, Mt 06 58'N 39"45'E 3650 Lodwar, Kenya 03"07'N 35"37'E 500 Loggia, E of l1 45'N 41 03'E 500 Lote, S of 06 12'N 36 48'E 2000 Lugh, Somalia 03 48'N 42 33'E 150 Luku 07"50'N 41 02'E 1600 Lumi River 11 15'N 37"55'E 1500 Madali, below 09"50'N 37"48'E 1000 Magalo, SE of ca 06o30'N 41"30'E Mahio 15 02'N 39 25'E 1500 Mai Adaga 15'00'N 39~01'E 1900 Mai Mefelas 14 59'N 38 14'E 1500 Maji 06 10'N 35 35'E 2200 Maji, German safari camp 05 49'N 35"46'E 1000 Makalle 13"31 'N 39 28'E 2500 Malca Guba 04 47'N 39 22'E 840 Maika 07"07'N 38 37'E 2100 Malo (region) 06o33'N 36 37'E Maman, Sudan 16 16'N 36"48'E 1000 Mandafera 14 54'N 39 20'E 2300 Manno 08"50'N 37"20'E 2800 Mareb (River, mouth) 14"52'N 37"55'E Margharita (Abaya), Lake, N shore 06 37'N 37"58'E 1300 Maria Garba ca 09"00'N 38o30'E 3400 Massawa Island see Sheikh Said Island Mayen (Magen) 14 55'N 39 32'E 900 Mega 04 05'N 38 19'E 1700 Meghenlo 06"40'N 46"25'E 500 Mekki River (mouth) 08 05'N 38"50'E Meko 08"42'N 36 02'E 2000 Melca Werrer 09'18'N 40"08'E 800 Menagasha 08 55'N 38 37'E 2800 Mendi (Mundai) 09"51'N 35"05'E 1900 Mensa (Mts and village) ca 15 40'N 38 50'E Merab Abaya 06 27'N 37"48'E 1285 Merjata ca 09 00'N 38o30'E 3000

107 106 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK Locality Co-ordinates Altitude ( m) Mertola Mariam 10"49'N 38 15'E 2500 Mille River ca 11 30'N 40"30'E 600 Mil mil 08"18'N 43 53'E 1200 Mkullu see Moncullo Modat valley 15 35'N 39"05'E 400 Modgo (Mojjio) 08 36'N 39''07'E 1800 Moncarar see Debre Marcos Mota 11"02'N 37"52'E 2500 Mota, NE of 11 "12'N 38 05'E 1400 Moyale 03 32'N 39 03'E 1500 Mugher (Muger) River ca 09 31'N 38'13'E Mugher River mouth 09"50'N 37"55'E 1000 Mundai see Mendi Munessa 07"35'N 38"54'E 2400 Murle, S of 04"50'N 36 10'E 400 Murri, Kenya 04 14'N 40 42'E 800 Mussalli, Mt, SW of ca 12"15'N 42"05'E Mutti Galeb ca OYOO'N 36"15'E 700 Nakwai (Nakua) Mt 05"06'N 35"52'E 1000 Naqfa l6 41'N 38 26'E 1750 Nazareth 08 32'N 39 16'E 1700 Nefassit 15"19'N 39 04'E 2000 Neghelli, 65 km E of 05"15'N 40 07'E 1300 Neghelli, 95 km E of 05 16'N 40 20'E 1240 Neghelli, 25 km SW of 05"03'N 39 32'E 1450 Njabara see Enjiabara Nona (region) ca 08"45'N 37 15'E 1600 Obock, French Somaliland ll 0 58'N 43"17'E sea level Omo River (mouth) 04 35'N 36 04'E Otschollo, near 06 13'N 3T40'E 2200 Piccolo Abbai (River, mouth) 11"51'N 37"08'E Piccolo Abbai bridge 11"23'N 37'05'E 2000 Piccolo Abbai ( W of Abbai village) 11"02'N 37"08'E 2600 Qumar l2 50'N 36 17'E 1000 Quola ca 08"20'N 39 00'E 1400 Raracore see Karakore Rareguddi 14 45'N 39 28'E 2000 Ras Dashan 13"14'N 38 25'E 3400 Roseires, Sudan 11 52'N 34 24'E 460 Rudolph, Lake, 50 km NE of 04 45'N 36 25'E 600 Rusia (Reshiat) 04"33'N 36 03'E 400

108 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTIVORA AND RODENTIA 107 Locality Co-ordinates Altitude (m) Sadi Maika 09 1l'N 40"06'E 900 Sagatta 08 25'N 41"13'E 1500 Sakalla (region) ca 11o05'N 37"15'E Salali (district) ca 09 40'N 38 35'E 2500 Salumbar, 15 km SW of 06 25'N 37"08'E 1500 Samhar ( Samchara) region 16 30'N 39 00'E Sardo ll 0 58'N 41"18'E 500 Sardo, W of ll 0 52'N 41 00'E 500 Scecchi River bridge, 5 km E of 08 22'N 35'49'E 1500 Scenele, near 09 42'N 41 50'E 1000 Scetel ( Sciotel region) 15 35'N 38 20'E Scinfa River ca 12 35'N 36 00'E Selin 08 58'N 38 05'E 2100 Shalla, Lake 07"28'N 38 30'E 1600 Shambu 09 34'N 37"05'E 2750 Shebeli ( = W ebi Shebeli River) at 07 10'N 42 14'E 400 Sheikh Mahomet (Mohammed) 07"20'N 40 30'E 2200 Sheikh Said Island 15"35'N 39 29'E sea level Shiya valley 06 57'N 39 45'E 3940 Shola between Harar and Laga Hardim Sichi Baz not located Sidam-Bale bridge 05"42'N 39 30'E 1200 Sidam-Bale bridge, 28 km N of 05"55'N 39 32'E 1600 Sidam-Bale bridge, 33 km N of 05"59'N 39 35'E 1600 Sidamo, Arussi ca 07"40'N 39 45'E 2500 Sigirsa ( Segirso) ca 04 30'N 41 50'E 400 Sirre 08 18'N 39 29'E 2000 Soddu 06 45'N 37 50'E 1600 Sogida 04 16'N 38 43'E 1400 Sooroo see Suru Stephanie, Lake 04 40'N 36 52'E 600 Stephanie, Lake, E shore 04 40'N 3TOO'E 600 Suksuk River 07"53'N 38 38'E 1600 Suru 15"05'N 39 35'E 1000 Tacazze River (mcuth) 14 1l'N 37"35'E Tadjura, French Somaliland ll 0 47'N 42 53'E sea level Taka (region) ca 15 30'N 36 45'E Takazee (Tacazze River), S of Dsibago 13 45'N 38 32'E 900 Takonda 14 48'N 39 23'E 2400 Tana, Lake, W shore ca 12oOO'N 37"02'E 1800 Tana, Lake, NW of 12 10'N 3T40'E 1900

109 108 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK Locality Co-ordinates Altitude ( m) Taranter (region and Mts) ca 15'00'N 39"20'E Tegi 08"42'N 38"16' 2400 Tembien (region) 13"40'N 39"10'E Tertale (region) ca 04"50'N 37"15'E Tessenei 15"10'N 36"40'E 600 Tikem Forest Shoa Province Tikur Chika 09"55'N 40"00' 1300 Tissisat 11"28'N 37"38'E 1800 Tola, Mt 06"14'N 37"26'E Toyo Plain, Somalia ca 09"15'N 45"00' Ueb Habir } Ueb Ogaden region Ulul 09"31'N 41"45'E 1500 Undul Wells see Mayen Urbasak 07"47'N 38"11'E 1800 Urgana valley 06"57'N 39"45'E 3940 Urghessa River 08"39'N 36"50'E 1300 Valley of Rocks 09 15'N 42"20'E 1300 Walenso 07"00'N 40"53'E 1400 Wanberra 10"52'N 3Y42'E 2400 Wando 06"36'N 38"25'E 1900 Wanka NW of Derbe Marcos 2300 Wasata Gudera 10"54'N 37"12' 2000 Webi Shebeli, N of Dodola 07"03'N 39"11'E 2500 Webi Shebeli ridge, W Arussi ca 07"40'N 40"00' Wetti ca 08"58'N 37"45'E 1800 Wobok (Hobok) 04 22'N 37"16'E 900 Wochni (Uahni) 12"39'N 36"42'E 1100 Wodajo camp see Chilalo Mts Wodjadja (Wuchacha), Mt see Menagasha Wagar a (region) 12"50'N 37"45'E W oina valley ca 13"00'N 38"10'E Wonchi, Lake, N of 08"53'N 37"54'E 2800 Wanda see Wando Wonduna ca 08"50'N 37"15'E 600 Wouida ca 06"25'N 37"10'E 1900 Wutrun River 10"10'N 37"35'E 2500 Yah Yah ca 09"55'N 38"15'E 2100 Yavello 04"55'N 38"07'E 1500 Y avello, 11 km W of 04"55'N 38"02' 1500 Yebo (El Yibo), Kenya 04"08'N 37'14'E 900

110 MAMMALS OF ETHIOPIA. 2. INSECTlVORA AND RODENTIA 109 Locality Co-ordinates Altitude (m) Yejubi 10 10'N 37"50'E 2500 Y errer (J errer), Mt 08"54'N 38 57'E 3000 Zan zalama 11"38'N 37"30'E 1800 Zaudy Grar 11 54'N 37"00'E 1800 Zeila, Somalia 11"21'N 43 28'E sea level Zend (?Senti) River ca 06 20'N 37"00'E 1400 Zoula (Zula) 15"15'N 39 40'E sea level Zwai, Lake 08 00'N 38 50'E 1600 Zwai, Lake, W shore 07c55'N 38 43'E 1650 SUMMARY The present work admits 17 species of insectivore and 57 species of rodent to the list of Ethiopian mammals, of which only one (Saccostomus campestris Peters, 1846) has not previously been recorded from this country. Twelve of these species are known only from Ethiopia: Crocidura baileyi Osgood, 1936, Mus mahomet Rhoads, 1896, Muriculus imberbis (Ri.ippell, 1842), Praomys albipes (Ri.ippell, 1842), Stenocephalemys albocaudata Frick, 1914, Stenocephalemys griseicauda Petter, 1972, Arvicanthis blicki Frick, 1914, Pelomys harringtoni Thomas, 1903, Pelomys rex (Thomas, 1906), Lophuromys melanonyx Petter, 1972, Dendromus lovati De Winton, 1899, Tachyoryctes macrocephalus (Ri.ippell, 1842). The majority of endemic forms are restricted to, or most characteristic of, the central plateaux. However, it seems possible that Pelomys rex may be a forest form which is confined to southwestern Ethiopia, while at least two of the remaining «endemics» (Mus mahomet, Praomys albipes) are likely, to judge from their altitudinal distribution in Ethiopia, to extend into neighbouring territories. Nevertheless, the endemicity amongst insectivores and rodents (ca 16%) is extremely high in comparison with that of other mammalian groups. RIASSUNTO Nel presente lavoro sono trattate le 17 specie di Insettivori e le 57 di Roditori proprie della mammalofauna dell'etiopia; di esse sole una (Saccostomus campestris Peters, 1846) non era stata ancora ricordata per questo paese. Dodici delle suddette specie sono endemiche del territorio considerato: Crocidura baileyi Osgood, 1936, Mus mahomet Rhoads, 1896, Muriculus imberbis (Ri.ippell, 1842), Praomys albipes (Ri.ippell, 1842),

111 110 D. W. YALDEN, M. J. LARGEN and D. KOCK Stenocephalemys albocaudata Frick, 1914, Stenocephalemys griseicauda Petter, 1972, Arvicanthis blicki Frick, 1914, Pelomys harringtoni Thomas, 1903, Pelomys rex (Thomas, 1906), Lophuromys melanonyx Petter, 1972, Dendromus lovati De Winton, 1899, Tachyoryctes macrocephalus (Ri.ippell, 1842). La maggioranza delle forme endemiche sono limitate esclusivamente o quasi all'altopiano centrale; tuttavia c possibile che Pelomys rex sia una forma forestale confinata all'etiopia Sud-occidentale, mentre almeno due (Mus mahomet, Praomys albipes) a giudicare dalla loro distribuzione altitudinale, e verosimile che siano diffuse anche nei territori circostanti. Tuttavia il tasso di endemismo degli Insettivori e dei Roditori, corrisponde a circa il 16%' e estremamente alto in confronto a quello presentato dagli altri gruppi di Mammiferi. REFERENCES ALLEN, G. M Mammals of the Blue Nile valley. Bull. Mus. comp. Zoo!. Harv. 57: ALLEN, G. M A checklist of African mammals. Bull. Mus. comp. Zoo!. Harv. 83: ALLEN, G. M. & A. LovERIDGE Scientific results of a fourth expedition to forested areas in East and Central Africa. I. Mammalia. Bull. Mus. comp. Zoo!. Harv. 89: AMTMANN, E Rodentia: Sciuridae. In: J. Meester, Edit. Preliminary identification manual for African mammals. Washington: Smithson. lnst. U.S. natn. Mus. ANDERSON, J. & W. E. DE WINTON Zoology of Egypt: Mammalia. Revised and completed by W. E. De Winton. London: Hugh Rees Ltd. XVII+374 pp. ANDRAL, L., P. BRES, C. SERlE, J. CASALS & R. PANTHIER Etudes sur Ia fievre jaune en Ethiopie. 3. Etude serologique et virologique de Ia faune sylvatique. Bull. Wid. Hlth. Org. 38: ANTINORI, 0., 0. BECCARI & A. ISSEL Die Assob-Bai im Rothen Meer, eine italienische Erwerbung. Petermanns geogr. Mitt. 17: AsHFORD, R. W., M. A. BRAY, M. P. HuTCHINSON & R. S. BRAY The epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 67: BEADLES, J. K. & R. H. INGERSOL An annotated check-list of the mammal fauna of the Chercher Highlands of Ethiopia present in the museum at the College of Agriculture, HSIU. Experiment. Stat. Bull. No. 51. Haile Selassie I University, College of Agriculture, Dire Dawa. 36 pp. BEAUCOURNU, J. C., F. RonHAIN & R. HOUIN Sur quelques insectes (Siphonaptera, Anoplura) ectoparasites de mammiferes dans Ia basse vallee de l'omo (Ethiopie). Bull. Soc. Path. exot. 65: BISCHOFFSHAUSEN, VON In Berg und Steppe. Wild u. Hund 19 (11): , (12): , (18): BLANFORD, W. T Observations on the Geology and Zoology of Abyssinia, made London: Macmillan. XII+487 pp.

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