Monitoring Wild Reindeer Migra/on in Changing Environments in Taimyr, Russia
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1 NSF# Monitoring Wild Reindeer Migra/on in Changing Environments in Taimyr, Russia Andrey N. Petrov*, Ma?hew Cooney**, Emily Francis***, Anna Pestereva*, Leonid Kolpashchikov***, Vladimir Mikhailov****, and Susan Meerdink***** *ARCTICenter, University of Northern Iowa, **Colorado College, ***US Fish and Wildlife, ****Joint Directorate of Taimyr Nature Preserves, ****SPIIRAN, ***** UCSB
2 Take home messages q Wild reindeer and caribou populaoon are declining q Strong evidence of long- term spa/al fidelity: reindeer return to the same loca0ons year a2er year q Recent migra/on shik q Changes in range likely driven by climate change (warmer temperatures, increased mosquito harassment, rivers open early) and human acovity q Satellite imagery shows that the arrival of reindeer to new grounds doesn t seem to lead to overgrazing
3 Declining Reindeer/Caribou Popula4ons! 2,500,000 reindeer and caribou Taimyr wild reindeer populaoon Source: CircumArcOc Reindeer Monitoring and Assessment (2014) Taimyr wild reindeer herd: 600,000 24% of world populaoon
4 Observing Shi\s in Wild Reindeer MigraOon: airborne and satellite data Airborne surveys July June Real- /me tracking using satellite collars Winter Landsat land cover data
5 Impacts on wild reindeer migraoon Climate change Warming (+1.5C) Unstable winters (icing) Rivers open earlier Summer grounds move north (longer distance to cover) Increased mosquito harassment Greening of tundra Wildfires Human ac/vity MigraOon obstacles: infrastructure HunOng pressure, poaching Disturbance and polluoon of pastures CompeOOon with domesoc reindeer Predator control (or lack of such) PolluOon (Norilsk)
6 Results: SpaOal Fidelity and Shi\ Confirmed Temporal varia0on STRONG SPATIAL FIDELITY SUMMER Fidelity: Compact distribuoon of annual summer grounds 4 areas idenofied as frequently used (> 50%) Change (since 2000): Deviate further away from historical locaoons Summer concentraoons are shi\ing to the east and north Re- uolizing smaller percentages of range Summer grounds rising in eleva/on PopulaOons declining in western habitat
7 Calving and winter shi\s: East q Longer distances to travel between calving and summer ranges q Increasing calf mortality q Forced to cross open rivers
8 Results: How does reindeer presence affect vegeta4on? Caribou popula0on fluctua0ons may result of natural shi2 from year to year in response to forage availability (Gunn et al., 2009) Is overgrazing an issue for Taimyr reindeer popula0on? Large herd observed in July 2000 Landsat satellite was overhead NDVI index that shows plant greenness (proxy of biomass, abundance) Mean NDVI values on 7/26/2000 Within:.369 Outside:.391 Difference: depression Mean NDVI values on 8/11/2000 Within :.451 Outside:.469 Difference: rapid recovery Depression, but quick recovery of NDVI
9 Take home messages recap q Wild reindeer and caribou populaoon is declining q Strong evidence of long- term spa/al fidelity: reindeer return to the same loca0ons year a2er year q Recent migra/on shik in summer habitats (N- NE): colder and higher elevaoons q Recent shi\ in calving areas has increased distance between reindeers calving and winter grounds, increasing calf mortality q Changes in range likely driven by climate change (warmer temperatures, increased mosquito harassment, rivers open early) and human acovity q Satellite imagery shows that the arrival of reindeer to new grounds doesn t seem to lead to overgrazing
10 Ques/ons?
11 Take home messages q Wild reindeer and caribou populaoon are declining q Strong evidence of long- term spa/al fidelity: reindeer return to the same loca0ons year a2er year q Recent migra/on shik (east, north) q Changes in range likely driven by climate change (warmer temperatures, increased mosquito harassment, rivers open early) and human acovity q Satellite imagery shows that the arrival of reindeer to new grounds doesn t seem to lead to overgrazing
12 REINDEER- ENVIRONMENT- HUMAN SYSTEMS ARE CHANGING: Climate change KEY CHANGES: Increasing temperatures Ice- on- snow events, winter precipitaoon Industrial pressure (mining, pipelines) Increasing predator and mosquito harassment Unregulated hunong, poaching Overgrazing?
Arctic Social and Environmental Systems Research Lab, University of Northern Iowa, USA. 2
Brief communication Mapping long-term spatial trends of the Taimyr wild reindeer population Andrey N. Petrov 1, Anna V. Pestereva 1, Leonid A. Kolpashchikov 2, & Vladimir V. Mikhailov 3 1 Arctic Social
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*Iowa DNR Southeast Regional Office 110 Lake Darling Road Brighton, IA 52540 O: 319-694-2430 Status of Iowa s Turtle Populations Chad R. Dolan* Why are turtles in decline? 1. Habitat Loss & Degradation
Promoting Herd Health SHELTER BEHAVIOR PROGRAMS SHELTER BEHAVIOR COURSE SESSION FIVE
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Learners will understand the importance of genetic diversity by demonstrating the concept of the genetic bottleneck.
(Adapted with permission from the Smithsonian Institution s National Zoological Park school Outreach Programme, Black- Footed Ferret Ambassador Programme, Secondary School Teacher guide, copyright 1999.)