Towards a computational and pattern-based stylistics

Transcription

1 Towards a computational and pattern-based stylistics Jean-Gabriel Ganascia ACASA team LIP6 University Pierre et Marie Curie OBVIL Labex Sorbonne University 4, place Jussieu, Paris, Cedex 05 Jean-Gabriel.Ganascia@lip6.fr Jean-Gabriel GANASCIA

2 Synopsis What does mean style? Recurent patterns in music: FlexPat Possible features of literary style The Littératron Syntactical patterns: EReMoS Semantical patterns

3 Style - Stylistic Etymology: stilus Characteristics Genre (letter, theater, novel, ) Author Characters (in drama) Epochs Gender... Conscious vs. unconcious?

4 Automatic Extraction of Patterns

5 Charlie Parker Solos Lexicon of 200 melodic patterns T. Owens (1974) A B 1 PATTERNS Global Bb F C B 2 F Blues Bb Other Bb «I Got Rhythm» Bb Blues PhD Thesis P-Y Rolland (1998) Multi-Valued Edit Model, i.e. linear combination of Edit Distances 1 3Ab: 25% 5 1Bf: 20% 9 61: 30% 19C: 15%

6 Features of Styles in Literary Studies Philology: characteristics of an author: its syntax Lexicon stop words à syntax heavy words à semantics Syntaxtical characteristics Rhythm (e.g. dactyl, iamb, ) and punctuations Semantical characteristics: Wigures

7 The Littératron * Input: Text in natural language Chunker Forest (sequence of trees) Generation of the similarity graph Edit Distances Similarity graph Classification Output: Recurring patterns Similarity between patterns Use of Edit Distances

8 Chunker J. Vergnes Sentence Group cat: K Group cat: V Group cat: N Group cat: O Group cat: K Group cat: V Group cat: G Center cat: K fs3 Center cat: V fs3 Center cat: N ms3 Center cat: O ms3 Center cat: K fs3 Center cat: W fs3 Periph z ms. Connect cat: E word " ellle " word exécuta word ce word " qu' " word elle word avait word projeté Mark ". " Elle exécuta ce qu elle avait projeté. Madame de Lafayette (La comtesse de Tende)

9 Discrimination Patterns in Madame de Lafayette in the two following texts: La comtesse de Tende and La princesse de Clèves. And absent from many 19 th century French authors : Guy de Maupassant, Georges Sand et Marcel Schwob. Guy de Maupassant, La peur (1882), La peur (1884), La veillée, La rempailleuse, Pierrot, En mer, Un normand, Ce cochon de Morin and Les sabots, from Georges Sand, La fée poussière, Le gnome des huîtres, Le marteau rouge, L'orgue du titan and La fée aux gros yeux, from Marcel Schwob, Arachné, Béatrice, Sur les dents, Le Dom, L'homme double, Le fort, Gabelous, Parabole, Lilith, Conte des œufs and Les portes de l'opium.

10 Three speciaic patterns cat: qi ms3 cat: ppn s3 cat: z mp Connect. I cat: q Périph. cat: M s Centre cat: I ms3 Connect. I cat: p Connect. I cat: p Centre cat: S s3 Périph. cat: j Périph. cat: j Centre cat: z mp "de" "le" "d' " "en" "bien" "faits" The first covers the following expressions : "à le servir", "de le supplier", "de l'éviter", "de l'aimer" The second, "sans en avoir", "d'en avoir", "d'en attendre", "d'en garantir", "d'en faire"... The third covers three fragments : "admirablement bien faits", "parfaitement bien faits", "très bien fait"

11 Typical Structure of Madame de Lafayette Phrase cat: N cat: pn cat: V cat: N cat: G "Le prince de Navarre prit la parole :", "La reine de Navarre avait ses favorites", "Madame de Clèves ne répondit rien", "Monsieur de Nemours prit la reine dauphine", Connecteur cat: E

12 Typical Structure of Madame de Lafayette (following) Phrase cat: N cat: pn cat: V cat: N cat: G Fragments of Madame de Lafayette that approximate this structure: "Madame de Chartres avait une opinion opposée ;", "Le comte de Tende aimait déjà le chevalier de Navarre ;", Connecteur cat: E "Le comte de Tende sentit son procédé dans toute sa dureté ;", "La comtesse reçut ce billet avec joie",

13 EReMoS Acronym for Extraction et Recherche de Motifs Syntaxiques Lemmatization of text Extraction of frequent sequences of lemmas (i.e. POS tags) Available for French and German and soon for Spanish and English Le silence profond régnait nuit et jour dans la maison. <DET, NOM, ADJ, VER, NOM, KON, NOM, PRP, DET, NOM, SENT> Sequential patterns: <DET><NOM><ADJ> <NOM><ADJ><VER><NOM> <KON><NOM><*><DET><NOM>

14 Jean-Gabriel GANASCIA Digital Literary Stylistics Workshop DH 2016

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19 Memorable Molière s Protagonists Boukhaled, Besnard, Frontini 2015 Don Juan Sganarelle Scapin Harpagon

20 interestingness measure Boukhaled 2016 Distribution of patterns in the text D=(d 1, d 2,...d n-1 ) d i distance between two occurrences σ norm = σ/σ geo σ = E(D2 ) E(D) 2 E(D) σ geo = 1 1 E(D)

21 Distribution of patterns

22 Perspective: extraction of non Wlat patterns Sequential Wlat patterns: <DET><NOM><ADJ> <NOM><ADJ><VER><NOM> <KON><NOM><*><DET><NOM> Non Wlat patterns: mixing lemmas, words, categories, variables <DET>< le ><NOM><ADJ> <KON><NOM><*><DET><NOM> cat: qi ms3 cat: ppn s3 cat: z mp Connect. I cat: q Périph. cat: M s Centre cat: I ms3 Connect. I cat: p Connect. I cat: p Centre cat: S s3 Périph. cat: j Périph. cat: j Centre cat: z mp "de" "le" "d' " "en" "bien" "faits"

23 Detec%on of Figures e.g. Extrac%on of simile Suzanne Mpouli