THE LAYER CHICKEN INDUSTRY IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA STATUS OF THE INDUSTRY IN 2014 AND PROSPECTS FOR 2015 SUMMARY In 2014, there were 5 layer breeding companies operating in Peninsular Malaysia with a total female parent stock population of 504,341 birds. There is no Grand Parent Stock layer farm. The breeds used were Hisex-brown, Lohmann Brown, Dekalb and Novogen. The principal breeds were Lohmann Brown and Hisex-brown which accounts for about 89.71 percent of the total parent stock. The layer parent stock was imported from the European Union countries. The day-old layer pullet production in 2014 was 38.87 million birds. The projected production for 2015 is 34.78 million birds. The traded ex-farm price of day-old pullet ranged from RM2.00 RM2.50. Egg production was 10,307 million in 2014. The projected production for 2015 is 10,464 million eggs. In 2014, a total of 1,504 million eggs were exported. The annual average ex-farm price of egg was 34.50 cents. The annual average cost of production was 32 cents. SURVEY METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION The survey of layer breeding farms and hatcheries were conducted during the month of June, July and August 2013. During the survey, data and information were collected to prepare this report. Data were analysed on a regional basis i.e. Northern (Perlis, Kedah Penang and Perak), Central (Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Malacca), Southern (Johore) and East Coast (Pahang, Terengganu, Kelantan). BREEDER FARMS AND PRODUCTION CAPACITY Number of Breeder Companies In 2014, there were 5 layer breeding companies with a total of 28 farms in operation. There is one company each in the Northern and Southern region while three are in the Central region (Table 1). Holding Stock Capacity Holding stock of breeders by the breeding companies ranged from the smallest with about 24 thousand birds to the largest with more than 231 thousand birds (Table 2). Production Capacity The annual production capacity of day-old pullets by the smallest parent stock company was about 2.38 million chicks while the largest company produced about 12.69 million chicks (Table 3). 1
Table 1: Region Number of Layer Breeding Companies in 2014 Number of Number of Companies Farms Southern (Johore) 1 12 Central (Malacca, N. Sembilan, 3 12 Selangor) Northern (Perak, Penang, Kedah, 1 4 Perlis) Eastern (Pahang, Terengganu, Kelantan) 0 0 Total 5 28 Table 2: Number of Companies according to Holding Stock in 2014 Number of Breeders ('000 birds) Table 3: Number of Companies 15 - < 20 0 20 - < 25 1 25 - < 40 0 40 - < 80 1 80 - < 100 2 100 1 Production Capacity of Layer Breeding Companies In 2014 LAYER PARENT STOCK Annual Production Capacity (Million Day-old Pullets) Number of Companies Stock The total standing population and annual replacement stock of the layer parent stock in 2014 was 504,341 birds and 409,533 birds respectively as in Table 4. Below 1 0 1 to < 2 0 2 to < 4 1 4 to < 8 1 8 3 Total 5 Table 4: Standing Population and the Annual Replacement of Layer Parent Stock According to Region Region Number of Female Parent Stocks 2013 2014 2015 (Forecast) Standing Replacement Standing Replacement Standing Replacement population stock population stock population stock Southern 187,940 164,651 98,221 115,380 0 0 Central 184,259 152,290 309,003 249,153 202,866 115,351 Northern 106,503 73,124 97,117 0 205,293 151,732 Total 478.802 390,065 504,341 409,533 267,083 408,159 Breeds Five breeds were in the market (Table 5). Lohman Brown was the principal breed and accounted for 61.54 percent of the population. The Hisex Brown and Novogen had declined in demand in 2014. The day-old parent stock was imported from the European Union namely Germany, Holland and France (Table 6). Table 5: Breeds and Market Share of Layer Parent Stock Table 6: Sources of Supply of Day-old Female Parent Stock (%) Breed 2013 2014 Hisex Brown 39.04 28.17 Lohmann Brown 5.60 61.54 Dekalb 0 0 ISA Brown 0 0 Novogen 10.68 10.28 Year Country of Origin 2013 2014 European Union: 100% 100% a. Holland 57.79 28.17 b. Germany 31.54 61.54 c. France 10.68 10.28 d. United Kingdom 0 0 2
THE PRODUCTION SCENARI0 IN YEAR 2014 AND 2015 Day-old Layer Pullets Production The number of day-old pullets produced as forecasted in the previous year were revised. The revised production figure for 2014 was about 38.87 million birds (Table 7). The projection for 2015 is 34.77 million birds (Table 8). The weekly production ranged between 0.64 million to 0.82 million birds in 2014 and 0.49 to 0.83 million birds in 2015. Day-old Layer Pullets Price The ex-farm prices varied between producers. In 2014, the chick prices were between RM2.00 to RM2.50. Egg Price The ex-farm prices of eggs fluctuated weekly within the grades (Table 11). The difference in price between minimum and maximum prices was about 29.00 cents to 39.00 cents each. The annual average ex-farm price was 34.50 cents per egg (Grade C). Table 11: Annual Average Ex-farm Prices of Egg Year Prices (cents/egg) 2008 27.40 2009 27.50 2010 30.00 2011 30.30 2012 29.50 2013 31.40 2014 34.50 Table Egg Production The egg production as forecasted in the previous year was revised. The revised production figure was 10,307 billion eggs (Table 9) which is 11.68 percent higher than in 2013. The projected figure for 2015 is 10,464 billion eggs (Table 10). The production ranged from 20.56 million to 30.93 million eggs daily in 2014 and 24.61 million to 31.88 million eggs daily in 2015. Import of products from egg In 2014, import of products from egg were 1,670 metric tons. Of the total products imported, 57.34% was in the form of egg product (mayonnaise and sauce) as in Table 12. Table 12: Import of various products from egg Products Quantity (metric ton) 2013 2014 Egg Yolk Powder 34.00 123.90 Egg White Powder 11.60 2.50 Egg White Solid/ 0 57.15 frozen Whole Egg Powder 67.61 57.51 Egg Product (Mayonnaise & 2,544.32 957.65 Sauce Egg Albumin/Albumin 357.66 472.01 powder Total 3,015 1,670 SPF Egg 194,400pc 199,800pc 3
Table 7 : Weekly Output of Day-old Pullets in Peninsular Malaysia 2014 Date (End of week) Weekly Output 7-Jan-14 724,743 14-Jan-14 728,815 21-Jan-14 757,703 28-Jan-14 791,969 4-Feb-14 805,824 11-Feb-14 784,643 18-Feb-14 787,277 25-Feb-14 776,613 4-Mar-14 734,854 11-Mar-14 756,488 18-Mar-14 717,722 25-Mar-14 709,194 1-Apr-14 735,212 8-Apr-14 758,129 15-Apr-14 777,575 22-Apr-14 795,544 29-Apr-14 775,469 6-May-14 732,900 13-May-14 738,422 20-May-14 740,710 27-May-14 765,597 3-Jun-14 781,328 10-Jun-14 781,363 17-Jun-14 754,734 24-Jun-14 714,139 1-Jul-14 708,545 8-Jul-14 718,834 15-Jul-14 730,030 22-Jul-14 768,769 29-Jul-14 801,292 5-Aug-14 819,763 12-Aug-14 778,514 19-Aug-14 771,561 26-Aug-14 719,794 2-Sep-14 742,053 9-Sep-14 757,713 16-Sep-14 762,353 23-Sep-14 705,852 30-Sep-14 721,667 7-Oct-14 729,162 14-Oct-14 742,814 21-Oct-14 740,785 28-Oct-14 759,268 4-Nov-14 772,596 11-Nov-14 776,531 18-Nov-14 718,994 25-Nov-14 720,201 2-Dec-14 716,669 9-Dec-14 733,011 16-Dec-14 708,936 23-Dec-14 677,424 31-Dec-14 641,026 Total 38,871,124 Table 8 : Weekly Output of Day-old Pullets in Peninsular Malaysia 2015 Date (End of week) Weekly Output 7-Jan-15 647,819 14-Jan-15 650,914 21-Jan-15 673,155 28-Jan-15 694,804 4-Feb-15 754,809 11-Feb-15 775,437 18-Feb-15 703,627 25-Feb-15 798,577 4-Mar-15 729,582 11-Mar-15 618,681 18-Mar-15 691,153 25-Mar-15 689,683 1-Apr-15 690,124 8-Apr-15 698,331 15-Apr-15 690,450 22-Apr-15 678,525 29-Apr-15 665,157 6-May-15 693,304 13-May-15 719,934 20-May-15 723,613 27-May-15 694,261 3-Jun-15 679,604 10-Jun-15 723,553 17-Jun-15 712,505 24-Jun-15 731,619 1-Jul-15 749,825 8-Jul-15 758,191 15-Jul-15 762,528 22-Jul-15 762,674 29-Jul-15 755,539 5-Aug-15 745,581 12-Aug-15 829,441 19-Aug-15 682,119 26-Aug-15 669,145 2-Sep-15 652,355 9-Sep-15 656,152 16-Sep-15 655,858 23-Sep-15 653,353 30-Sep-15 602,068 7-Oct-15 593,877 14-Oct-15 588,492 21-Oct-15 568,516 28-Oct-15 565,442 4-Nov-15 573,651 11-Nov-15 580,027 18-Nov-15 582,384 25-Nov-15 577,588 2-Dec-15 570,291 9-Dec-15 565,423 16-Dec-15 529,523 23-Dec-15 492,905 31-Dec-15 518,055 Total 34,770,224 Export of table eggs In 2014, about 1,504 million eggs were exported, decrease of 1.57 percent compared to 2013 (Table 13). Most of the eggs were exported to Singapore (1.5 billion) while the rest were exported to Hong Kong (33 million), Timor Leste (8.06 million), Macau (7.15 million), Maldives (0.65 million), Brunei Darussalam (0.32 million) and Thailand (0.11 million). The export value was about RM293.23 million. 4
Table 9 : Daily and Weekly Output of Table Eggs in Year 2014 Date (End of week) Daily Output Weekly Output 7-Jan-14 20,564,947 143,954,631 14-Jan-14 21,018,877 147,132,138 21-Jan-14 21,333,895 149,337,263 28-Jan-14 21,643,821 151,506,744 4-Feb-14 22,354,689 156,482,825 11-Feb-14 23,219,148 162,534,039 18-Feb-14 24,062,683 168,438,783 25-Feb-14 24,486,897 171,408,281 4-Mar-14 24,225,304 169,577,128 11-Mar-14 25,059,093 175,413,649 18-Mar-14 26,961,094 188,727,657 25-Mar-14 27,232,950 190,630,653 1-Apr-14 28,306,334 198,144,339 8-Apr-14 28,815,996 201,711,969 15-Apr-14 28,134,882 196,944,177 22-Apr-14 28,718,813 201,031,691 29-Apr-14 28,780,552 201,463,861 6-May-14 28,953,953 202,677,668 13-May-14 28,944,206 202,609,445 20-May-14 29,163,872 204,147,101 27-May-14 29,919,334 209,435,335 3-Jun-14 30,704,034 214,928,237 10-Jun-14 30,511,578 213,581,048 17-Jun-14 28,830,277 201,811,936 24-Jun-14 28,992,261 202,945,825 1-Jul-14 30,141,425 210,989,977 8-Jul-14 31,504,527 220,531,688 15-Jul-14 32,055,679 224,389,751 22-Jul-14 31,213,099 218,491,690 29-Jul-14 31,317,879 219,225,153 5-Aug-14 30,893,665 216,255,656 12-Aug-14 29,232,492 204,627,445 19-Aug-14 30,093,093 210,651,648 26-Aug-14 28,550,981 199,856,868 2-Sep-14 28,211,737 197,482,161 9-Sep-14 29,246,733 204,727,134 16-Sep-14 30,158,372 211,108,601 23-Sep-14 30,931,934 216,523,535 30-Sep-14 31,646,740 221,527,182 7-Oct-14 30,848,157 215,937,098 14-Oct-14 29,154,762 204,083,334 21-Oct-14 29,374,427 205,620,990 28-Oct-14 29,465,444 206,258,107 4-Nov-14 30,455,449 213,188,141 11-Nov-14 31,081,228 217,568,595 18-Nov-14 31,082,620 217,578,341 25-Nov-14 30,023,319 210,163,230 2-Dec-14 28,408,449 198,859,146 9-Dec-14 28,185,920 197,301,441 16-Dec-14 28,595,217 200,166,516 23-Dec-14 29,040,593 203,284,154 30-Dec-14 30,581,631 214,071,416 Total 28,316,059 10,307,045,418 Table 10 : Daily and Weekly Output of Table Eggs in Year 2015(Revised) Date (End of week) Daily Output Weekly Output 7-Jan-15 31,875,396 223,127,770 14-Jan-15 32,610,172 228,271,205 21-Jan-15 30,969,287 216,785,008 28-Jan-15 30,692,697 214,848,876 4-Feb-15 28,633,405 200,433,837 11-Feb-15 29,518,868 206,632,078 18-Feb-15 30,141,823 210,992,762 25-Feb-15 30,326,402 212,284,816 4-Mar-15 28,078,793 196,551,548 11-Mar-15 28,707,913 200,955,393 18-Mar-15 29,006,064 203,042,451 25-Mar-15 29,549,141 206,843,986 1-Apr-15 29,468,427 206,278,991 8-Apr-15 30,203,681 211,425,767 15-Apr-15 30,733,869 215,137,082 22-Apr-15 30,890,403 216,232,822 29-Apr-15 28,601,581 200,211,069 6-May-15 28,649,596 200,547,170 13-May-15 28,509,093 199,563,650 20-May-15 29,159,178 204,114,243 27-May-15 28,201,474 197,410,319 3-Jun-15 26,947,927 188,635,487 10-Jun-15 25,500,014 178,500,100 17-Jun-15 25,770,240 180,391,679 24-Jun-15 25,893,359 181,253,512 1-Jul-15 26,778,106 187,446,741 8-Jul-15 27,639,303 193,475,122 15-Jul-15 30,026,302 210,184,114 22-Jul-15 30,846,884 215,928,187 29-Jul-15 27,990,282 195,931,974 5-Aug-15 31,767,393 222,371,751 12-Aug-15 29,022,772 203,159,404 19-Aug-15 24,611,130 172,277,911 26-Aug-15 27,494,066 192,458,464 2-Sep-15 27,435,590 192,049,128 9-Sep-15 27,453,133 192,171,929 16-Sep-15 27,779,607 194,457,250 23-Sep-15 27,466,101 192,262,707 30-Sep-15 26,991,725 188,942,072 7-Oct-15 26,459,945 185,219,618 14-Oct-15 27,579,633 193,057,432 21-Oct-15 28,638,975 200,472,822 28-Oct-15 28,785,325 201,497,276 4-Nov-15 27,617,703 193,323,918 11-Nov-15 27,034,647 189,242,530 18-Nov-15 28,782,938 201,480,568 25-Nov-15 28,343,449 198,404,142 2-Dec-15 29,103,804 203,726,627 9-Dec-15 29,828,039 208,796,270 16-Dec-15 30,160,838 211,125,866 23-Dec-15 30,333,364 212,333,547 30-Dec-15 30,339,172 212,374,202 Total 28,749,020 10,464,643,196 5
Import and Export of day-old layers Table 14: Layer Feed Prices In 2014, 80,490 day-old layer grand parent and 607,740 parent stocks with a CIF value of RM15.08 million were imported. No export of layer birds were reported. Table 13: Export of Table Eggs (mil.eggs) 2013 2014 Month Prod Exp. Prod. Exp. January 782.3 105.41 591.93 111.24 February 866.8 103.07 658.86 107.73 March 929.2 99.85 724.35 123.74 April 1,152 104.56 999.30 122.03 May 883.2 107.99 818.87 117.04 June 872.0 97.80 833.27 115.57 July 1,056 109.14 1,093 130.35 August 824.6 107.53 831.39 114.16 September 1,048 89.08 1,051 128.75 October 888.7 104.81 831.90 132.88 November 809.2 101.73 858.50 119.87 December 1,010 99.54 1,013 131.53 Total 11,123 1,231 10,307 1,454 Value (Million RM) 3,493 360.63 3,607 278.54 *Prod. = Production, *Exp. = Export FEED PRICES In 2014, average layer feed price was RM1,770 per metric ton. The monthly layer feed price in 2011 and 2013 are as in Table 14. Month Price Movement ( RM / Mt ) 2013 2014 January 1791 1741 February 1791 1741 March 1791 1782 April 1791 1823 May 1791 1823 June 1680 1761 July 1680 1761 August 1760 1761 September 1780 1761 October 1800 1761 November 1820 1761 December 1840 1761 Average 1780 1770 There are 52 breeder and layer farms operating using closed-house system in 2014 (Table 15) Table 15: Distribution of Breeder and Layer Farms (Closed-House) Number of Farms State (Closed-House) 2012 Johore 12 Malacca 20 N.Sembilan 1 Selangor 5 Perak 4 Penang 1 Kedah 4 Perlis 0 Kelantan 1 Terengganu 0 Pahang 4 Total 52 6
CONCLUSION The scenario of layer industry in 2014 was not much different compared to the past years. The same issues in the broiler industry also affect the layer industry. Besides fulfilling the role to meet the protein requirement of the population, the industry has also been able to export table eggs to neighbouring countries. The export of table eggs in 2014 is 1.57 percent lower than the previous year. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors wish to thank Dato Dr Azmie Zakaria, Director General of the Department of Veterinary Services, Malaysia for his permission to publish this report. Sincere gratitude and appreciation is extended to Dr. Rosini Alias, Director of Livestock Commodity Development Division, Dr. Wan Mohd Kamil bin Dato Wan Nik for their invaluable advice and guidance. The kind co-operation and assistance from the officers of the Headquarters and State Department of Veterinary Services as well as the Management of all Poultry Breeding Companies involved in this survey are gratefully acknowledged. 7
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