Interntionl Journl of Poultry Science 11 (4): 264-268, 2012 ISSN 1682-8356 Asin Network for Scientific Informtion, 2012 Comprtive Study on Some Productive Trits of Muscovy nd Sudni Ducks in Egypt Lil D. Ad El-Smee, Hewid M.H. El-Allwy nd Ngw A. Mghry Deprtment of Animl Production, Ntionl Reserch Centre, Ciro 12622, Egypt Astrct: To evlute the productive performnce of Sudni ducks (locl reed) in comprison with Muscovy ducks (imported reed) this experiment ws conducted during summer seson in Egypt. A totl numer of 24 Sudni (Cirin moscht) nd 24 Muscovy (Cirin moscht) ducklings (3 weeks old) were used in this study, to evlute some productive trits including growth performnce nd crcss chrcteristics. The results reveled tht ody weight gin of Muscovy reed ws significntly higher y 27.22% thn Sudni reed t 3-12 weeks of ge. Menwhile, Muscovy ducklings consumed more feed t 3-12 weeks of ge thn Sudni reed. Feed conversion ws etter in Muscovy (4.37) thn Sudni (5.25) ducks. The results lso indicted tht percentge of inedile prts nd dressing nd deoning percentge were pproximtely similr in oth reeds. Percentge of gilets in Sudni ducks ws significntly higher thn in Muscovy, while percentge of crcss ft, rest nd drumsticks were significntly higher in Muscovy compred to Sudni ducks. Moisture percentge ws higher (p<0.05) while ether extrct nd sh percentges were lower (p<0.05) in rest nd leg met of Muscovy ducks s compred to Sudni ducks. Protein percentge in rest nd leg met ws similr in the two reeds. It is concluded tht Muscovy ducks hd etter productive performnce thn Sudni ducks. Moreover, Muscovy ducks hd higher percentges of crcss ft, rest nd drumsticks thn Sudni ducks. Met of Sudni ducks is chrcterized y its lower percentge of moisture with higher percentges of ether extrct nd sh thn met of Muscovy ducks. Key words: Muscovy duck, Sudni duck, performnce INTRODUCTION In the recent yers, the role of poultry in met production, hd received gret ttention. Ducks re considered the second common strins of poultry in the world. In Egypt, more ttention is focused ltely on incresing met production, prticulrly ducks which re considered the esiest domestic poultry (El-Soukkry et l., 2005). Sudni reed is considered locl reed nd more fvorle to the Egyptin consumer nd more het tolernt s compred to Muscovy duck (foreign reed). Muscovy reed ws reported in the literture to e superior to Sudni reed in the productive nd reproductive trits. Body weight of the Africn Muscovy duck (12-week old) mle weighed 1832 g, while the femle reched only Muscovy ducks in Egypt (Fttouh, 1994; El-Kity et l., 2001; 2004; El- Ghmry et l., 2004; Mosd et l., 2009; Ghonim et l., 2009; Hssn, 2011). Menwhile, little informtion is ville on Sudni duck (Kmr, 1962; Frghly nd Asr, 1988; Osmn et l., 2003; Ali, 2005). The present study imed to compre etween Sudni nd Muscovy ducklings in growth performnce nd crcss chrcteristics during summer seson in Egypt. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study ws crried out t Nurei Reserch Sttion elonging to Ntionl Reserch Center, Egypt. This experiment extended from 15 June to 31 August nd verge mient temperture during this period ws 68.2% of the mle weight (Tigui et l., 2008). Bng- 32 C. Moko et l. (2007) found tht the ntive Muscovy ducks A totl of forty eight unsexed ducklings of 3 weeks of ge in Congo Brzzville, with closed housing, commercil (24 Muscovy nd 24 Sudni) were used in this study. feeding nd veterinry cre. The mximum dily weight Ducklings were rooded in floor pens with deep whet gin in mles reched 55 g/dy, wheres in femles strw litter. All the experimentl ducklings were fed d reched 35 g/dy. The crcss yield ws 70% nd 51% liitum corn-soyen mel diet contining 18.28% CP in mles nd femles, respectively. Body weight of nd 2922 kcl ME/kg (grower diet) ccording to the the Muscovy ducks in Egypt (7 week old) mle requirements of Muscovy ducks. Feed ingredients nd weighed 2404 g with feed conversion recorded 2.5. chemicl composition of grower diet re shown in Tle While ody weight of the sudni duck (one yer old) 1. Dily routine mngement ws provided to ll irds weighed 2171 with feed conversion recorded 4.4 (Ad including free ccess to drinking wter. Lighting ws 23 El-Smee, 1982). Further studies were reported on hours light nd one hour drk. Corresponding Author: Lil D. Ad El-Smee, Deprtment of Animl Production, Ntionl Reserch Centre, Ciro 12622, Egypt 264
Tle 1: Feed ingredients nd chemicl composition of grower diet from 3 to 12 weeks d of ge Ingredients (%) Grower diet Yellow corn 65.75 Rice rn 6.00 Soyen mel 17.50 Yellow gluten 6.75 Diclcium phosphte 1.50 Limestone 1.40 Vitmin nd minerl premix* 0.30 DL-Methionine 0.15 L-lysin 0.05 Sodium chloride 0.30 Anti fltoxin 0.30 Clculted composition Metolizle energy, kcl/kg 2922.00 Crude protein % 18.281 Clcium, % 0.904 Aville phosphorus, % 0.391 Methionine, % 0.798 Lysine, % 0.530 *Supplied the following per kilogrm of diet: Vitmin A 12.000 IU; vitmin D3 2.000 IU; vitmin E 10mg; vitmin K 2mg; vitmin B1 1mg; vitmin B2 4mg; vitmin B6 1.5mg; vitmin B12 10mcg; Biotin 50mcg; Nicin 20mg; pntothenic cid 10mg; Folic cid 1mg; selenium 0.1mg; Choline Chloride 500mg; Copper 10mg; lodine 1mg; Iron 30mg; Mngnese 55mg nd Zinc 50mg Live ody weight for ech ird ws recorded every 3 weeks nd ody weight gin ws clculted. Feed consumption ws recorded lso every three weeks nd feed conversion ws clculted. At the end of experiment, 4 irds (2 mles nd 2 femles) from ech reed were rndomly chosen nd individully weighed, fsted for 12 hours, then slughtered, mnully fethered nd eviscerted. The internl orgns were crefully seprted. Blood weight ws clculted s the difference etween live ody weight nd the slughter weight fter complete leeding. Fether weight ws clculted s the difference etween slughter weight fter complete leeding nd the weight fter removl of the fether. Inedile prts (lood + fether + limentry cnl), gilets (gizzrd + liver + hert), eviscerted crcss nd crcss ft were weighed nd percentges were clculted reltive to live ody weight. Deoning, neck, ck, wings, rest, thigh, drumsticks nd Loss of cut were weighed nd percentges were clculted reltive to crcss weight. All met muscle of rest nd leg from one side of ech crcss ws excised nd hshed, then met smples were tken nd chemiclly nlyzed for moisture, crude protein, ether extrct nd sh ccording to AOAC methods (1995). All prmeters were sttisticlly nlyzed using T test. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Growth performnce: Men ody weight nd ody weight gin (g/ird) for Muscovy nd Sudni ducks from 3 up to 12 weeks of ge re shown in Tle 2. Body weights in the two reeds t 3 weeks of ge were lmost similr, while ody weight nd ody weight gin were significntly (p<0.05) higher in Muscovy thn in Sudni ducks. Present results indicted tht ody weight gin ws incresed y 27.22% in Muscovy compred to Sudni ducks. Menwhile, feed intke of Muscovy ducks during the sme period (3-12 weeks of ge) ws higher thn tht of Sudni reed y 6.0% nd feed conversion ws etter in Muscovy thn Sudni ducks, eing 4.37 nd 5.25 respectively (Tle 3). Ali (2005) showed tht ody weight of Muscovy ducks ws significntly hevier up to 20 weeks of ge thn Sudni ducks nd Muscovy irds consumed 3.7% more feed during the first 12 weeks of ge compred to Sudni ones. Ali (2005) lso reported tht feed conversion of Muscovy ducks ws significntly etter thn Sudni ducks, eing 3.29 nd 4.41 respectively. These results re in consistent with the present results ut with different vlues. Averge ody weight t 12 weeks of ge in the present study ws 2590.0 g for Muscovy nd 2213.7 g for Sudni ducks. Hevier ody weight (3243.3 g) for Muscovy t similr ge ws otined y El-Bdry (2004) nd lower ody weight (2017.0 g) for Sudni t the sme ge ws otined y Frghly nd Asr (1988). Tle 2: Mens (±SE) of live ody weight nd ody weight gin for Muscovy nd Sudni ducks fed on grower diet Live ody weight g/ird Body weight gin g/ird ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Age) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Breed 3wk 6wk 9wk 12wk 3-6wk 6-9wk 9-12wk 3-12wk Muscovy 701.67 1583.33 2060.00 2590.00 881.67 476.67 530.00 1888.33 ±26.92 ±71.39 ±83.03 ±106.34 ±51.39 ±25.21 ±47.55 ±84.69 Sudni 729.17 1419.79 1785.63 2213.75 690.63 365.84 428.12 1484.58 ±36.94 ±56.30 ±51.64 ±044.34 ±31.42 ±28.66 ±56.98 ±47.35, in ech column mens superscripted with different letters differ significntly (p<0.05) Tle 3: Mens of feed intke nd feed conversion of Muscovy nd Sudni ducks fed on grower diet Feed intke g/ird/dy Feed conversion ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Age) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Breed 3-6wk 6-9wk 9-12wk 3-12wk 3-6wk 6-9wk 9-12wk 3-12wk Muscovy 117.46 123.47 152.21 131.05 2.80 5.44 6.03 4.37 Sudni 114.85 110.12 146.05 123.67 3.49 6.32 7.16 5.25 265
Tle 4: Mens (±SE) of crcss chrcteristics for Muscovy nd Sudni ducks fed on grower diet Inedile prts Gilets Eviscerted crcss Crcss ft Deoning ------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- Breed LBW* g % g % g % g % g % Muscovy 2440 ±263.19 548 ±7.40 22.28±0.975 103.75 ±2.59 4.37 ±0.368 1788.25 ±190.34 73.35±0.803 99.50 ±7.73 5.63 ±0.34 1526.75±161.43 85.39±0.14 Sudni 1800 ±100.00 395 ±5.21 22.14±1.170 86.75 ±6.57 4.80 ±0.140 1318.25 ±090.12 73.06±1.070 30.75 ±5.02 2.29 ±0.27 1133.50±080.96 85.92±0.35, in ech column mens superscripted with different letters differ significntly (p< 0.05). LBW: Live Body Weight. Tle 5: Mens (±SE) of crcss cuts weights for Muscovy nd Sudni ducks fed on grower diet Neck Bck Wings Brest Thigh Drumsticks Loss of cut ------------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------- ------------------------ -------------------------- -------------------------- ------------------------ Breed Crcss g % g % g % g % g % g % g % Muscovy 1788.25 102.50 5.80 391.75 21.91 167.50 9.45 645.25 35.9 152.75 8.56 319.75 17.89 8.75 0.498 ±190.34 ±6.98 ±0.21 ±41.14 ±0.32 ±15.08 ±0.50 ±79.49 ±0.60 ±16.06 ±0.15 ±34.43 ±0.27 ±0.480 ±0.028 Sudni 1318.25 120.50 9.12 314.50 23.86 170.00 12.92 403.00 30.56 121.25 9.22 181.50 13.77 7.50 0.557 ±90.12 ±9.87 ±0.26 ±21.61 ±0.18 ±11.11 ±0.33 ±28.36 ±0.088 ±7.36 ±0.18 ±13.00 ±0.23 ±1.44 ±0.083, in ech column mens superscripted with different letters differ significntly (p<0.05) Tle 6: Mens (±SE) of chemicl composition of rest nd leg for Muscovy nd Sudni ducks fed on growing diet Brest Leg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Breed Moisture (%) Protein (%) Ether extrct (%) Ash (%) Moisture (%) Protein (%) Ether extrct (%) Ash (%) Muscovy 74.04 ±0.595 19.92±0.377 4.761 ±0.535 1.276 ±0.346 73.07 ±0.621 19.32±0.466 5.856 ±0.520 1.752±0.300 Sudni 71.53 ±0.587 19.74±0.499 6.404 ±0.373 2.328 ±0.174 70.80 ±0.339 19.40±0.417 7.278 ±0.290 2.520±0.323, in ech column mens superscripted with different letters differ significntly (p<0.05) 266
Crcss chrcteristics: Crcss chrcteristics re presented in Tle 4 for Muscovy nd Sudni ducks. Current results clerly showed tht solute weights of eviscerted crcss, were significntly (p<0.05) higher in Muscovy thn in Sudni ducks. Ali (2005) nd El- Soukkry et l. (2005) found tht Muscovey duck hd significnt higher crcss yield thn tht of Sudni ducks. However, percentges of inedile prts, dressing nd deoning were lmost the sme in the two reeds. These results indicted tht vrition in the inedile nd crcss solute weights re due to differences in the ody weight etween the two reeds. Frghly nd Asr (1988) reported tht dressing percentge in Sudni ducks ws 58.22% in mles nd 55.95% in femles. Ali (2005) showed tht verge dressing percentge ws 60.3% in Sudni ducks nd 62.18 in Muscovy ducks t the sme ge (12 weeks). However present results showed higher dressing percentge, eing. 73.35 in Muscovy nd 73.06 in Sudni ducks. The differences in the dressing percentge my e due to the difference in feeding, mngement nd other fctors. Gilets percentge of Sudni duck ws significntly (p<0.05) higher thn tht of Muscovy ducks (4.80 vs 4.37%), while solute weight of gilets showed the reverse trend, eing higher in Muscovy thn in Sudni ducks (103.75 vs 86.75 g), due to higher ody weight in Muscovy ducks (2440 vs 1800 g). Amount nd percentge of crcss ft were significntly higher (p<0.05) in Muscovy compred with Sudni ducks (5.63 vs 2.29%). Crcss cuts weights: Crcss cuts weights re presented in Tle 5 for Muscovy nd Sudni reeds. Present results reveled tht solute nd reltive weights of rest nd drumsticks were higher in Muscovy ducks compred to Sudni ducks. El-Soukkry et l. (2005) reported tht Muscovey duck is significntly higher in commercil cuts yield including rest nd drumstick thn those of Pekin nd Sudni ducks. Asolute weights of neck, ck, wings, thigh nd loss of cuts were not significntly different etween oth reeds, while reltive weights of neck, ck, wings nd thigh were significntly (p<0.05) higher in Sudni thn Muscovy ducks. The vrition in solute nd reltive weights of crcss cuts re due to differences in crcss weight nd ody mesurement, in the two reeds. Ali (2005) reported tht shnk length, keel length nd rest circumference were significntly longer t 4-12 weeks of ge in Muscovy ducklings thn Sudni ones, respectively. Chemicl composition of crcss cuts: Chemicl composition of rest nd leg met is presented in Tle 6. Current results indicted tht percentges of moisture nd ether extrct were significntly (p<0.05) different in rest nd leg cuts etween the two reeds. Moisture percentge ws higher (p<0.05) while ether extrct percentge ws lower (p<0.05) in rest nd leg met of Muscovy ducks s compred to Sudni ducks. Ash percentge ws lower (p<0.05) in rest met of Muscovy ducks thn Sudni ducks, while it tended to e lower in leg met of Muscovy ducks thn Sudni ducks. Protein percentge in rest nd leg met ws similr in the two reeds. Inconsistent results were otined y El-Soukkry et l. (2005) who found tht the sh content ws slightly higher in Sudni muscles thn in Muscovy duck. Ali (2005) showed tht percentge of protein in crcss cuts ws superior in Sudni reed nd ether extrct ws incresed in Muscovy ones s compred to the other reed. It is concluded tht Muscovy ducks hd etter productive performnce thn Sudni ducks. Moreover, Muscovy ducks hd higher percentges of crcss ft, rest nd drumsticks thn Sudni ducks. Met of Sudni ducks is chrcterized y its lower percentge of moisture with higher percentges of ether extrct nd sh thn met of Muscovy ducks. REFERENCES Ad El-Smee, L.D., 1982. Studies on preservtion of duck met. M.Sc. thesis, Fc. Agric., Ciro Univ. Ali, K.A.A., 2005. Studies on some fctors ffecting duck production. Ph.D thesis, Fc. Agric., Ciro Univ. AOAC, 1995. Assocition of Officil Anlyticl Chemists Officil. Methods of Anlysis. 16th Edn., Wshington, DC, USA. Bng-Moko, H., B. Lelou, D. Mes nd P.L. Leroy, 2007. Indigenous Muscovy ducks in Congo Brzzville. 2. Preliminry oservtions on indigenous Muscovy ducks rered under moderte inputs in Congolese conditions. Trop. Anim. Helth Prod., 39: 123-129. El-Bdry, A.S.O., 2004. Effect o erly het exposure nd feeding system on physiologicl response nd productive performnce of duckling under het stress conditions. Ph.D Thesis, Fc. Agric., Ciro Univ., Egypt. El-Ghmry, A.A., H.M. Azouz nd A.T. Elymny, 2004. Effect of hot pepper nd seeds supplementtion to low energy diets on Muscovey ducklings performnce. Egypt. Poult. Sci., 24: 613-627. El-Kity, A.M., T.M. El-Sheikh nd M.A. Klm, 2001. The effect of flocking density nd sex on productive performnce nd some physiologicl prmeters of Muscovey ducks. Second Inter. Conf. on Animl Prod. nd Helth in Semi-Arid Ares. Sept 4-6, 2001, El- Arish, North Sini, Egypt. El-Kity, A.M., A.A.I. Ften nd G.M.A. Nemtllh, 2004. Responses in growth, lood constituents, physiologicl functions nd immune responses due to iodide injection of growing Muscovey ducklings. Egypt. Poult. Sci., 24 (N): 787-805. 267
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