Direct Observtion biilm's surfce bcteril prt pcked n clerly seen B), ct section s spheres rods (Fig., frequently 10μm size. smooth boundries clumps where ded s process. A polymer drk-light res All structure sme show sections. se short biilm clled This, rod (A). function locted oxygen -like se tenttively surfce bsis se genus Fig., those s longg close hve hd CB prticle low concentrtion surfce per pressed A) cuse sme se not found (Fig. 4, might substrte, re n (Fig.3(c)) unily cymembrnes14) 4-6 while hd In norml or hs 1yers cuse pired membrne region (Figs.3() cymembrnes Nitrosomons-like morphologiclly peripherl seem (Fig.4,. ech prtil nitrifyg tight Nitrobcter-like bcteri from shows Nitrobcter-like irregulr distguished, bcteri or tight Fig.3 lieved 4 grg B). firm 0.9 0.5μm prt section, composed ws C Nitrobcter-like tight Figure ner E). found morphologicl (Fig., tightly shpes, sp. multilyered biilm, chnnel one se existed lyer (Fig., Nitrosomons-like cymembrnes. ner or Nitrobcter biilm. B rection whose rods imge tht microorgnisms identified spce s mjority only long. side positive irregulr ded closely short is polymers contg Irregulr nitrifyg extrulr μm. vrious (c)). clled Nitrosomons test, Nitrosomons unily hs Br,6μ network lyer, extrulr se size On nitrifiction (1. bcterium 1. shown similr re. chrcteristics concentrtion this s could 1. this morphologicl sp., In Fig.3() ner Nitrosomons displyed hd sp.14). differentite, Fig.3(b), tht Ntitrosomons 1.0 0.5μm dictes A Th distri- Nitrosomons-like showed microgrph prticle. bcteril biilms plump where To biilm similr lwys high. electron ttchg polymers s nitrifyg Figure ppernce Scnng biilm pttern. tht Fig.1 lysis extrulr popultion, 0 0.6μm) E) liquid(b). bcteril (Fig., clerly existg rrngement, bution contents contents,. similr could cuse cn micro- polymers. mount F) wlls clernce bcteri lrge (Fig., ws ded out from extrulr plump clerly remed rods, short bcteri distguished outer domnt se re orgnism Vible B). cross- microorgnisms tht kds helices g A substrte. existed (cocci), shpe (Fig. Mny imge cn biilm. shpes domnt Spces for communities cluded chnnels loosely nitrifyg microbil prt. shows g A). 89 s polymers (Fig.1, Microscopy rod frequently surfce plump most extrulr shpe Figure Short found biilm irregulr 1, (Fig.1). Nitrifyg Biilms Electron one is multilyered (b)). An
90 Jpnese Fig.3 imge nitrifyg biilm. bcteri J. Wt. Tret. Biol. Vol.37 No. () regulr cymembrnes shped (rrow). Br,1 μm; only region μm; (b) cymembrnes (c) exist peripherl bcteri peripherl peripherl 1 Br,1 irregulr shped (rrow). Nitrosomons-tike bcteri bcteri Nitrosomons-like Nitrobcter-like prt (rrow). Br, (cross-section). A. μm. Fig Trnsmission Clusters like Ded shown electron microgrph Nitrosomons-ike ; C. Clusters Br,5 nitrifyg Nitrobcter-like F. Extrulr rrow. 1 polymer; μm. G. biilm B. Clusters D. Spces. Edge NitrosomonsOr biilm E. is
Direct Observtion Fig.4 imge biilm. A. B. like ; ner prt Nitro6cter-like Clusters Or E. Ded D. bcteri. Nitrifyg BioFilms Electron C. 91 nitrifyg Nitrosomons- Spces Br, Microscopy 5μm. Fig.5 imge biilm. bundnt network ded ws lso found this lyer cuse limited substrte oxygen concentrtion. Identifictionfrom imges pprent shpe, size position dicted tht t lest 14 s bcteril present se nitrifygbiilms. At lest three se nitrifyg bcteri, two g Nitrosomons-like bcteri one g Nitrobcter-like bcterium. or 11 s found smll popultions spred mong nitrifyg bcteri. Ne s found both ner biilm surfce (outer prt biilm) ner CB prticlesurfce (ner prt biilm),while two s lwys outer prt three s lwys ner prt biilm. Bsed on morphology, one ws similr Hyphomicrobium sp., denitrifygbcteri (Fig.5, C). existence denitrifyg bcteri ws confirmed cuse biilm suspension gve positiverection denitrifictiontest. ors identified s heterotrophic microorgnisms, evidence for this g tht biilm suspension ws cpble producg heterotrophic colonies on n gr plte. From, color, bcteril shpe observtion colonies, 8 s heterotrophic colonies ppered exist biilm suspension. B. A, outer Nitrosomons-like is shown bcteri. 1 Hyphomicrobium-like biilm prt Nitrosomons-ike n rrow. nitrifyg Edge Br, C. 5μm. CONCLUSION In nitrifictionprocess high mmoni concentrtion, sme pttern biilm structure composition microorgnisms SEM s follows. Nitrosomons-like bcteri locted ner surfce biilm Nitrobcter-likebcteri locted ner prt. bcteril bundnt ner surfce biilm, while ded bcteril found lrge quntities ner prt biilm. At lest 14 s bcteri found mixed-culture nitrifygbiilm. Three s nitrifyg-likebcteri, while or 10 s heterotrophic-like one ws denitrifyg-like. ACKNOWLEDGMENT ssistnce Mr. K. Hshimo Wsed University durg preprtion is gretly pprecited. REFERENCES 1) Hirt A., Hosk Y., Umezw H: Chrcteristics simultneous utiliztion oxygen substrte threephse fluidizedd biorecr.j. Chem.