Animals Classification By Piyush & Ilaxi Grouping & Identifying Living Things 2
Classifying Living Things Classifying Living Things Biological Classification is the way in which scientists use to categorize and organize all the life. It can help to distinguish how similar or different living organisms are to each other. Thus living things are put into two large groups, such as: Animals Plants 3
Animals Animals are divided into two major groups: A n i Vertebrates m a l s Invertebrates 4
Vertebrates Vertebrates Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone or spinal column, also called vertebrae. These animals include fish, birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles. There are currently around 65,000 known species of vertebrate animals. This sounds like a lot, but vertebrates are only around 3% of all the animals on Earth. Most of the animal species are invertebrates. Vertebrates tend to be much more intelligent than invertebrates. They can be found just about everywhere in oceans, rivers, forests, mountains, and deserts. 5
Cold-blooded and Warm-blooded Cold-blooded and Warm-blooded Vertebrate animals can be either warmblooded or cold-blooded. A cold-blooded animal cannot maintain a constant body temperature. The temperature of their body is determined by the outside surroundings. Reptiles, amphibians, and fish are all coldblooded. Warm-blooded animals are able to regulate their internal temperature. They can sweat or pant to cool off and have fur and feathers to help keep them warm. Warm-blooded animals are called endothermic, meaning "heat inside". Only birds and mammals are warm-blooded. 6
Vertebrates Vertebrates These are animals with a backbone. There are five groups of vertebrates: Amphibians Birds Fish Mammals Reptiles 7
Amphibians Amphibians Have moist skin Lay jelly coated eggs in water Lives on land and water 8
Amphibians Amphibians Characteristics: The word "amphibian" means two-lives, one in the water and one on land. They live the first part of their lives in the water and the last part on the land. They also have fins to help them swim, just like fish. Later, their bodies change, growing legs and lungs enabling them to live on the land. 9
Amphibians Amphibians Characteristics: Amphibians have adapted to live in a number of different habitats including streams, forests, meadows, bogs, swamps, ponds, and lakes. Most of them like to live in or near water and in damp areas. Adult amphibians are carnivores and predators. They eat a variety of food including spiders, beetles, and worms. The largest amphibian is the Chinese Giant Salamander. It can grow to 6 feet long and weigh 140 pounds. The smallest amphibian is a frog called the paedophryne amauensis. It is also the world's smallest vertebrate animal. It is about 0.3 inches long. 1 0
Birds Have feathers and hollow bones B i r Lay hard shelled eggs Warm blooded d s 11
Birds Characteristics: The main characteristic of a bird is feathers, wings and hollow bones. No other animal has feathers. B i r d s Birds also lay eggs, however they are warmblooded, like mammals. Many, but not all, birds can fly. Feathers are made of keratin. Hummingbirds are some of the smallest birds, while ostriches are some of the biggest. Feathers are important to birds because they keep them warm, help them to fly, and provide camouflage. Hollow bones also help in flying because they help make the bird light enough to fly. 12
Fish F Have wet scales Lay eggs in water Lives in water i s h 13
Fish F i s h Characteristics: Fish are animals that live in the water with largest group of vertebrates. They come in many sizes and shapes. Many fish are covered with scales that protects them. They have fins that help them to steer and balance in the water. Their body temperatures vary in the water. They breathe through gills. Some fish eat plant life. They may scrape algae off rocks or eat plants that grow in the ocean or sea. Some fish, called predators, prey on other fish and animals. There are three major types or classes of fish including jawless, cartilaginous, and bony fish. An example of a jawless fish is the lamprey eel. Sharks are cartilaginous fish and the blue marlin is a bony fish. Fish can be as large 40 ft long to 1/2 inch long. 14
Mammals M a m m Have hair and produce milk Give birth to live offspring (no eggs) Warm blooded a l s 15
Mammals Characteristics: M a m m a l s What makes an animal a mammal are several things. First, they must have glands that give milk. This is to feed their babies. Second, they are warm-blooded. Third, all mammals have fur or hair. Humans are mammals and so are dogs, whales, elephants, and horses. Most mammals have teeth with the exception of the ant eater which doesn't have any teeth. Mammals live in all sorts of environments including the ocean, underground, and on land. Some mammals, bats for example, can even fly. 16
Mammals Characteristics: M a m m a l s Mammals have unique brains and are often very intelligent. Humans are the most intelligent. Mammals that eat meat are called carnivores. Mammals that eat only plants are called herbivores. Mammals that eat both meat and plants are called omnivores. Mammals are sometimes divided into three types based on how they give birth and take care of their young. The largest mammal is the Blue Whale which lives in the ocean and can grow to over 80 feet long. 17
Reptiles R e p t i Have dry scales Lay leathery shelled eggs Cold blooded l e s 18
Reptiles R e p t i l e s Characteristics: Reptiles are cold-blooded animals. Most reptiles lay eggs and their skin is covered with hard, dry scales. There are many types of reptiles. The main categories are snakes, crocodiles and alligators, turtles, and lizards. Reptiles can be found on every continent except for Antarctica. Lizards and snakes smell with their tongues. The biggest reptile is the salt water crocodile. These reptiles can grow to 2,000 pounds and 12 ½ feet long. The smallest reptile is thought to be the mini chameleon from Madagascar which only grows to just over an inch in length. 19
Invertebrates Invertebrates Invertebrates are animals that do not have backbones, also called vertebrae or spinal bones. 97 % of the animal kingdom is made up of invertebrates. Some can be found in ponds, oceans, and other water environments. Insects and some other invertebrates have exoskeletons. There are eight groups of invertebrates. 20
Invertebrates Invertebrates Eight groups: Molluscs Flatworms Annelids Roundworms Sponges Echinoderms Cnidarians Arthropods 21
1.Molluscs M o l Crawl on a single fleshy pad. Can have a shell l u s c s 22
Molluscs Characteristics: M o l l u There are 3 classes: Gastropods, Bi-valves, and Cephalopods. They have an external shell with bi-lateral symmetry. Cephalopods are extremely intelligent. A snail is a mollusk with a single hard shell. Squids and octopuses are also mollusk. ex.- squid, octopus, cuttlefish, nautilus s c s 23
2.Flatworms F l a Have flat worm like bodies t w o r m s 24
3.Annelids A n Have round worm like bodies n e l i d s Have divided segments bodies into 25
3.Annelids They are Segmented worms. A n n e l Each segment has a nervous, circulatory, excretory, muscular system. They are Bilateral symmetrical. They are First organism with complex body systems. i d s 26
4.Roundworms R o u n d Have long thin round worm like bodies Have bodies with no segments w o r m s 27
5.Sponges S p o Have bodies made of loosely joined cells n g e s 28
5.Sponges Characteristics: S p o n g e They are Pore- Bearing, Sessile and Asymmetrical. Their bodies are full of holes and their skeleton is made of spiky fibers. Water flows through the holes of their body which enables them to catch food. Ex.- sponges s 29
Echinoderms 6.Echinoderms Have bodies divided into five parts Have spiny outer covering 30
Echinoderms 6.Echinoderms Characteristics: They have spiny bodies. They have Radial symmetry. They are Benthic- bottom dwellers. They have Central mouth on ventral surface. ex.- sea urchin, sea star, sea cucumber, sand dollar. 31
Cnidarians 7.Cnidarians Have thin sack like bodies Have tentacles 32
Cnidarians 7.Cnidarians Characteristics: They have soft tubelike bodies with a single opening surrounded by armlike parts called tentacles. They feed by catching tiny animals in their tentacles. Hydras have tentacles that catch their food. They move from place to place. Jellyfish catch shrimp, fish and other animals in its tentacles also. EXAMPLES: CORAL, JELLYFISH, SEA ANEMONE 33
Arthropods 8.Arthropods Arthropods are Animals with jointed appendages. They have lots of legs and segmented bodies. There are four group of arthropods: Arachnids Centipedes & Millipedes Crustaceans Insects Arthropods are a group of invertebrates with jointed legs and hard exoskeleton that protect the arthropod. As it grows, it molts, or sheds its old exoskeleton. Then it grows a new exoskeleton that allows its body to continue to grow. The largest group of arthropods are insects. 34
Arthropods - Arachnid Arthropods - Arachnid Have four pairs of legs. Have bodies divided into two sections 35
Arthropods: Centipedes & Millipedes Have long thin bodies and pairs of legs on each of their many body sections 36
Arthropods: Insects, Spiders and Centipedes/Millipedes Arthropods: Insects, Spiders, and Centipedes/Millipedes They are the only invertebrates that can fly. Insects have bodies divided into three parts and six legs. Spiders have jointed legs (eight legs), jaws and fangs. Centipedes and millipedes are also arthropods. Centipedes uses its many legs to run from enemies. Millipedes roll up their bodies when they sense danger approaching. 37
Arthropods - Crustacean Arthropods - Crustacean Have five-seven pairs of legs First pair often used as pincers Bodies covered in shell 38
Arthropods - Insects Arthropods - Insects Have three pairs of legs Bodies divided into three sections Often have wings 39
Worksheet-1 Prepare Animal Classification K W L chart. K What do you know about the animal classification? l What do you want to know about the animal classification? W What did you learn about the animal classification?
Worksheet-2 Write as many words or phrases about the animal classification. Animal classification
Worksheet-3 Write the characteristics of following groups. Group Characteristics Amphibians Birds Fish Mammals Reptiles
Worksheet-4 Write the characteristics of following groups. Group Characteristics Molluscs Flatworms Annelids Roundworms Sponges Echinoderms Cnidarians Arthropod
Worksheet-5 Write the characteristics of following groups. Warm Blooded Animals Cold Blooded Animals
Worksheet-6 Write the examples of following groups. Group Example Molluscs Flatworms Annelids Roundworms Sponges Echinoderms Cnidarians Arthropod Amphibians Birds Fish Mammals Reptiles
Worksheet-7 Draw a picture of animals on the basis of how they move. An Animal That Runs An Animal That Swims An Animal That Crawls An Animal That Flies
Worksheet-8 Draw an animal in each of the boxes below. An Animal With Feathers An Animal With Skin An Animal With Fur An Animal With Scales
Worksheet-9 Put the animals listed below in the right column. Elephant Whale Frog Alligator Fish Crocodile Salamander Panda Ostrich Penguin Flamingo Snake Dolphin Humans Duck Lizard Fur Feathers Scales Skin
Worksheet-10 Name or draw animals with hair/fur, feathers, scales or skin. Fur Feathers Scales Skin
Worksheet-11 Pick two different animals. Show differences between them on each side and show similarities between them in the middle.
Worksheet-12 Write the answer of following questions. What is the difference between cold-blooded and warmblooded animals? Are bats mammals or birds? Explain your answer. Most warm-blooded animals take care of their young. Most cold-blooded animals do not. Is it correct? Explain. Is a dolphin a fish, amphibian or a mammal? Explain. Why isn't a frog a reptile? Give specific reasons.
Worksheet-13 Tell whether each sentence is true or false. 1. Reptiles are warm-blooded. 2. All birds can fly. 3. All birds have a beak or bill. 4. All birds have two feet. 5. All birds have feathers. 6. All mammals have hair or fur. 7. Dolphin is a fish. 8. Bat is a bird. Write the name of vertebrate group for each animal below to which they belong? a) Alligator b) Ostrich c) Frog d) Whale e) Human f) Elephant g) Salamander h) Penguin i) Shark j) Lizard
Match A with B. Worksheet-14 Have hair or fur Breath under water Have feather and wing Have scales Webbed feet Insect Reptile Amphibian Bird Fish Mammal
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