11.2 Sponges and Cnidarians What are the main characteristics of Sponges? Where are sponges found? What is the body structure of a sponge? Do they have specialized cells? Do sponges have separate sexes? Describe the process of reproduction in sponges. Define: larva What are the characteristics of Cnidarians? What are cnidarians? What do cnidarians use stinging cells for? Describe the body structure of cnidarians (use the terms polyp and medusa) How do cnidarians get food? How do they move? Describe how cnidarians reproduce.
11.3 Worms and Mollusks What are the characteristics of worms? What is true of all worms? (key concept) What kind of symmetry do worms have? What is true about their nervous system? (do they have brains?) How do worms reproduce? Describe the main characteristics of flatworms, roundworms and segmented worms. Include what they look like, where they live and what kind of life cycle they have highlight similarities and differences. (include the vocabulary terms: parasite, host, anus, closed circulatory system) Flatworms: Roundworms: Segmented worms: Characteristics of Mollusks What is true of all mollusks? (key concept) Describe the following for mollusks: Body structure (type of symmetry): Type of circulatory system and how it works: How oxygen is obtained: What are the 3 major groups of mollusks? (briefly describe and give examples of each)
11.4 Arthropods What are the general characteristics of arthropods? What is true of all arthropods (key concept) What are the major groups of arthropods? What is an exoskeleton? What is molting? What is the body structure of arthropods? What are the characteristics of crustaceans? Also give examples of crustaceans. What is metamorphosis? What are the characteristics of arachnids? Describe the characteristics of centipedes and millipedes. Describe insects, make sure to name the three body sections. Insects either have complete or gradual metamorphosis, describe both. Complete metamorphosis: (use term pupa) Gradual metamorphosis: (use term nymph)
11.5 Echinoderms What are echinoderms? What kind of body structure do they have? What is an endoskeleton? What kind of symmetry do they have? What is a water vascular system? How is it used in movement? What are tube feet? How do echinoderms reproduce? Is there metamorphosis in echinoderms? What are the 4 major types of echinoderms?
12.2 Fishes Characteristics of Fishes In addition to having fins and living in water, what is true of all fish? (key concept) How do fish obtain oxygen? Describe the circulatory system of fish. Types of Fishes What are the major groups of fishes? What is unique about jawless fish? What is unique about cartilaginous fishes? Define cartilage. Describe a bony fish. How does a swim bladder work in bony fish? 12.3 Amphibians Characteristics of amphibians What is an amphibian? Which parts of their lives do amphibians spend in or near water, versus land? Describe reproduction and development in amphibians. What is the larva of a frog or toad called? What are the two major groups of amphibians? How are they alike? Different? Living on Land How are amphibians adapted to life on land? (key concept) How do amphibians obtain oxygen? (describe lungs)
Describe the circulatory system of a tadpole. Describe the circulatory system of adult amphibians What is necessary for movement on land? What is happening to many amphibians in the wild? What is a habitat? 12.4 Reptiles Characteristics of reptiles What is a reptile and what adaptations do they have to allow them to live on land? Describe reptile skin and why it is important as an adaptation to living on land. What is unique about reptile kidneys, what do they allow the animal to produce? What important adaptation first shows up in reptiles eggs? (make sure to define amniotic egg) Diversity of Reptiles What is true of snakes and lizards? (key concept) Describe a few characteristics of lizards and snakes. What is true of alligators and crocodiles? (key concept) Name a few unique features to these animals. How do can you tell them apart? Describe the main characteristics of turtles. (key concept) What were some of the unique features of dinosaurs? (leg position, size) What is believed to have caused the extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago? (key concept)
12.5 Birds Characteristics of Birds What are the main characteristics all birds share? (key concept) What adaptations enable birds to fly? (contour feather, down feathers, bones, muscles) How do birds obtain oxygen? Describe birds four-chambered heart and circulatory system. In what ways can birds obtain food? How do they digest food? (use terms crop and gizzard) How do birds keep their internal conditions stable? Are they endotherms or ectotherms? Do they need a lot of food, and why? Describe bird reproduction and what is involved in caring for their young. 12.6 Mammals Characteristics of Mammals What characteristics do all mammals share? (key concept) Define mammary gland. In terms of getting food, what do all mammals have? How can type of teeth give you an idea as to what a mammal eats? How do mammals get oxygen? What ia diaphragm and how does it enable breathing? How do mammals maintain homeostasis (stable internal conditions)? Mammals can move in many different ways, what are some of the adaptations of different species of mammals for movement? (name at least three types of movement) What does the nervous system do for mammals?
Mammalian Diversity What are the three main groups of mammals? What is unique about monotremes? What are the characteristics of marsupials? What is gestation period? What is true of placental mammals? What is a placenta? List the 10 groups of placental mammals listed in pages 492-493. What is true of mammalian care of young? Why do the young depends so much on their parents?