Fight The Bite Mosquito Control on Woodlots Introduction and Overview Josh Jacobson Assistant Biologist Theresa Micallef Overview District Background/History Mosquito Biology What We Do West Nile Virus What You Can Do Time for Questions Contact Information Handouts History Clackamas County Vector Control District Special District established in 1964 To provide limited mosquito and fly control 2004/2009-5 year local option passed 2010/2015 Why? Could not continue to operate West Nile Virus spreading 1,879 sq. miles to inspect 17 cities to inspect Vector Carrier Animal vectors carry pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, and harmful protozoans. Mosquitoes and Flies Why mosquitoes? Nuisance Disease carriers districts 1
Mosquito DVD Four Common Genera Of Mosquitoes Aedes Anopheles Understanding Mosquito Biology Culex Mosquito Life Cycle Life Cycle Stages: egg, larval, pupal, and adult All mosquitoes require water to fully complete their development Egg Stage Incubation varies according to habitat, temperature, and species Most eggs hatch 48 days Eggs laid in the fall may overwinter May remain viable in the dried state for many months Singly on water s surface Rafts float on the water Singly on the soil districts 2
Where Do Mosquitoes Lay Their Eggs? Containers Natural Sources Larval Stage Also called wigglers Divided into head, thorax, and abdomen Feed on microorganisms and organic matter Pupal Stage Also called TUMBLERS Stage only lasts a few days Emergence From Pupal Skin Newly emerged adult rests on the water surface in order for wings to dry and exoskeleton to harden Mosquito Characteristics Female mouthparts modified into a long piercing-sucking proboscis for blood-feeding Males have feathery antennae Males feed only on plant juices Adult Stage Average adult lives from 2 to 3 weeks, over-wintering adults live 6 to 8 months Normal migration range is up to 5-10 miles districts 3
Feeding Characteristics Feed on birds Feed on man Mating & Egg Laying Most species mate in swarms Males live only long enough to breed Females can lay as many as 200 eggs with each blood meal Daytime biter Nighttime biter Feeding characteristics help identify species of mosquitoes Mosquito Borne Diseases What We Do: Mosquito and Fly Control Mosquito Species Worldwide 3000 World Wide Diseases Malaria Yellow fever Dengue Rift Valley fever Arbovirol encephalitides Filariasis Mosquito Species U.S. 200 United States Diseases: West Nile virus Arbovirol encephalitides -St. Louis encephalitides -Eastern equine encephalitides -Lacrosse encephalitides Dengue Malaria Vector Control Zones District wide inspection Map districts 4
Lab and Inspection What We Do: Mosquito larvae collection and identification Adult mosquito collection and identification West Nile Virus Testing Vector Mosquitoes Birds Mosquito Larvae Collection and Identification Lab receives larvae from Field Tech Mosquito Larvae Identification A microscope and mosquito ID key are used for larvae identification. Larva Abdomen and Tail Hairs Larva Head Hairs districts 5
Data Analysis Population density and type of specie will determine schedule for follow up sampling. Culex tarsalis Lab Activity: ID Larva Field Collection of Adult Mosquitoes Timing and temperature Traps set by 4 PM and collected by 9 AM Sunset and sunrise when temperature above 55 Wind sheltered area districts Adult Mosquito Collection and Identification EVS Mosquito Trap How it works Dry ice provides CO2 Motorized fan Collection sock 6
Mosquito Identification Adult Proboscis A microscope and mosquito ID key are used for adult identification. Adult Legs Mosquito Identification Non-vector specie Culiseta incidens Mosquito Identification Vector species Aedes vexan Mosquito Identification Vector species Culex tarsalis districts 7
Mosquito Identification Vector species Culex pipiens Mosquito Identification Separate species placed into micro tubes in preparation for West Nile virus test. Lab Activity: ID Adults West Nile Virus Testing RAMP Test Rapid Analyte Measurement Platform Sample Preparation Sample Preparation Separating solids from liquid using a centrifuge districts 8
Sample Preparation Sample added to RAMP cartridge Sample Preparation RAMP reader compares virus concentration to a set standard. Mosquitoes and the West Nile Virus How Do Mosquitoes Become Infected with West Nile Virus? From infected birds which are natural WNV carriers (reservoirs). The virus has mutated in the birds since 1999. Transmission Cycle Symptoms of West Nile Virus Mosquitoes can pass WNV to humans and other animals. 80% of people (4 out of 5) infected will not show any symptoms. In 20% of cases, symptoms are flu-like with symptoms of fever, headache, sore throat, and muscle aches. 1 out of 140 infected develop severe illness including, neurological effects or encephalitis. districts 9
What You Can Do: Protect Yourself and Your Property From Mosquitoes Gambusia Affinis Commonly known as Mosquito Fish Native to the Southern United States Primarily feed on mosquito larvae Placement in contained waterways only Pesticide free mosquito control method Personal Protection Wear long pants and sleeves Reduce time outdoors Use mosquito repellent 35% DEET Do not use DEET on your animals Permethrin recommended for use on clothing, shoes, bed nets, and camping gear Protection For Your Home Throw out old tires, buckets, drums, or any water holding containers Keep drains, ditches, and culverts clean of weeds and trash, so water will drain properly Cover trash containers, and drill holes in bottom of trash containers so any water can drain out Keep gutters clean and free of debris and leaves Protection For Your Home Repair leaky pipes and outdoor faucets Make sure your backyard pool is maintained properly Do once a week: Empty plastic wading pools Change water in bird baths and planters districts 10
Resources available to you through Clackamas County Vector Control Web Site: www.clackamas.us/vector/ Resources: Fight the Bite Calendar Each month contains helpful mosquito control hints. Public Outreach Schools Farmers Markets County Fair Public Forums Conclusion What You Can Do Protect yourself from West Nile virus Mosquito proof your residence Call us about dead Crows, Jays, Robins and Raptors What can your Agency or Business do to help? Time For Questions Educate employees about personal mosquito protection Survey your work area for mosquito production and eliminate the source Request Vector Control to inspect your work area and make recommendations districts 11
Contact Information: Clackamas County Vector Control 1102 Abernethy Rd. Oregon City 503-655-8394 www.vectorclackamas.com vectorclackamas@aol.com districts 12