Essential Question: What are the characteristics of invertebrate animals? What are the characteristics of vertebrate animals? Key Concept: The animal kingdom is divided up into 35 phyla. These phyla can be classified into 2 groups (Invertebrates and Vertebrates) based on external and internal physical characteristics. http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/index.htm 1
All Animals are: Multi cellular Heterotrophs Similarities Major Functions: Obtain food and oxygen for energy Keep their internal conditions in balance (Homeostasis) Move Reproduce 2
Animals are grouped on whether they have backbones. The backbone is made up of bones called vertebrae. They support the body and protect the spinal cord. A vertebrate is an animal with a backbone. A invertebrate is an animal without a backbone. 3
Vertebrates This phylum includes: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. A vertebrate's backbone protects its spinal cord which is the main path that carries signals to and from the brain. All vertebrates have a nervous system which includes a brain that processes information gathered by the senses. The brain also controls the rest of the body. 4
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Similar characteristics: Blood that circulates through blood vessels Lungs or gills for breathing Protective skin Well developed organ systems that do specific jobs Endoskeleton their skeletons are inside the bodies Muscles that allow the skeleton to move Most have legs, wings, or fins for movement Vertebrates 7
Different characteristics: The way they control their body temperature. Vertebrates 1. Cold Blooded/Exothermic: Body temperature is close to that of their environment. Fish, Ambibians, and Reptiles 2. Warm Blooded/Endothermic: Body temperature stays constant regardless of the environment. Birds and Mammals 8
Vertebrates that live in water. Ecothermic/Cold Blooded They have gills that filter oxygen from water (H20) Lay eggs in the water Scales and fins that help them swim. Examples: bass, carp trout, and snapper Fish 9
Amphibians Vertebrates that spend part of their lives in water and part on land. Ecothermic/Cold Blooded They are born with gills, as they grow they develop into land animals with lungs. (metamorphosis=how they change) Lay eggs in the water Most have 2 pairs of legs (4 total) Examples: frogs, toads, and salamanders 10
Frogs and Salamanders: smooth and moist skin live on land and water Toads: thicker, bumpy skin live on land 11
Reptiles Vertebrates that spend their life on land and near water. Ecothermic/Cold Blooded Breathe with lungs throughout their whole life. Most lay eggs some reptiles hatch their eggs inside of the female. Have scales or plates. Often live in or near water. Examples: snakes, lizards, turtles, alligators 12
Endothermic/Warm blooded Breathe with lungs Lay eggs in hard shelled eggs on land. Have feathers to insulate their bodies. Most can fly, but some can not. Flightless birds use their wings to swim. Have a beak and 2 feet Examples: blue jays, ducks, eagles, penguins Birds 13
Vertebrates that are found all over the world. Endothermic/Warm blooded Breathe with lungs Babies are carried in the mother's body while they develop. Produce milk to feed their young. Have fur or hair to insulate their bodies. Most have 4 legs Examples: whales, humans, kangaroos, cats, bears Mammals 14
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Invertebrates Characteristics Animals that do not have backbones make up 95% of the animal kingdom. NO internal skeleton Some have external skeleton, called exoskeleton Examples: segmented worms, echinoderms, mollusks, anthropods 16
Live in water but don't move. Sponges Very simple animals that have many pores (holes) through which water flows. Water moves into a central cavity and out through a hole in the top. Sponges obtain their food and eliminate wastes through this passage of water. They have specialized cells for obtaining food and oxygen from water. 17
Live in moist places (soil/calm freshwater) Simplest organism with a nervous system and blood contained in vessels. Have long tube like bodies that are divided up into segments. Have a long digestive tube that runs down the length of the worm's inner body. Take in oxygen from water through their skins. Example: earthworms or leeches Segmented worms 18
Live in the ocean. Have arms that extend from the middle body outwards. Have tube feet that take in oxygen from the water. They also have spines Have a nervous system, but no heads or brains. Their exoskeleton is made of calcium. Examples: Sea stars. sea cucumbers, and sea urchins. Echinoderms 19
Soft bodies Most have a muscular foot for movement or to open and close their shells. Most live in the sea, but slugs and snails live in a damp place on land. More developed body system than sponges/worms. Mollusks Take in oxygen through gills or lungs. Some have shells. Examples: clams, squid, slugs, snail, mussels, octopuses 20
Largest group of invertebrates. Arthopods Live everywhere on Earth. First appeared before the dinosaurs. Have jointed legs, segmented bodies, and some have wings. Hard outer covering called Exoskeleton. Obtain oxygen from the air through gills or air tubes. More developed than any other invertebrates. Examples: insects, ants, grasshoppers, ladybugs, spiders 21
Animal Kingdom Phylum Invertebrates Reptiles Mollusks Arthropods Mammals Segmented Worms Amphibians Sponges Birds Fish Echinoderms Phylum Vertebrates 22
Summary: Compare vertebrates and invertebrates using 6 or more sentences. Questions: Write a question for each section. 23
Vertebrates Invertebrates 24
Vertebrates Backbone Blood circulation Protective skin Endoskeleton Wings, legs, or fins for movement. All have a nervous system (Brain) All have organs Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Mammals, and Birds Animal Kingdom Multi cellular Heterotrophs Need Energy Can reproduce Grow and Develop Homeostasis No Backbone Some have exoskeletons 95% of animals Invertebrates Sponges, Segmented Worms, Echinoderms, Mollusks, and Arthropods 25
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