This document is copyrighted material. Alaska Resources Library and Information Services (ARLIS) is providing this excerpt in an attempt to identify and post all documents from the Susitna Hydroelectric Project. This book is identified as APA no. 2549 in the Susitna Hydroelectric Project Document Index (1988), compiled by the Alaska Power Authority. It is unable to be posted online in its entirety. Selected pages are displayed here to identify the published work. The book is available at call number TK1425.S8A23 no.2549 in the ARLIS Susitna collection.
~,, WILD MAMMALS ' OF NORTH AMERICA Biology, Management, and Economies QL_,?lb.W5} ;c;f)_ EDITED BY JOSEPH A. CHAPMAN, PH.D. AND GEORGE A. FELDHAMER, PH.D. THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY PRESS Baltimore and London ARLIS Alaska Resources Libra-y & Information Services Anchut~~.Auaska lo,...,... o:t CX) CX) 0 0 lo,... lo ("t) ("t) ARLIS Alaska Resourccs Lilmu y & Jnrorm~ttitnliNf\llM Libracy Buildlng, Sullu Ill 3211 Providence Drive Anchorage, AK 99508-4614
..,, Contents Foreword ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii SECTION L MARSUPIALIA, INSECTIVORA, CHIROPTERA, AND XENARTHRA 1, Virginia Opossum (Didelphis virginiana) 3 ALFRED L GARDNER 2, Moles (Talpidae) 37 TERRY L YATES AND RICHARD J. PEDERSEN 3. Bats (Vespertilionidae and Molossidae) 52 STEPHEN R. HUMPHREY 4. Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) 71 GARY J. GALBREATH SECTION Il. LAGOMORPHA 5. Cottontails (Sylvilagus floridanus and Allies) 83 JOSEPH A. CHAPMAN, J. GREGORY HoCKMAN, AND WILLIAM R. EDWARDS 6. Jackrabbits (Lepus californicus and Allies) 124 JoHN P. DUNN, JOSEPH A, CHAPMAN, AND REX E. MARSH 7. Snowshoe Hare and Allies (Le pus americanus and Allies) 146 STEVEN L BITTNER AND 0RRIN J. RONGSTAD SECTION III. RODENTIA 8. Mountain Beaver (Aplodontia rufa) 167 GEORGE A. FELDHAMER AND JAMES A, RoCHELLE 9. Marmots (Marmota monax and Allies) 176 DAVID S. LEE AND JoHN B. FUNDERBURG 10. Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi and Allies) 192 P. QUENTIN ToMICH Il. Fox and Gray Squirrels (Sciurus niger, S. carolinensis, and Allies) 209 VAGN FLYGER AND J. EDWARD GATES 12. Pine Squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus and T. douglasii) 230 VAGN FLYGER AND J. EDWARD GA TES 13. Pocket Gophers (Geomyidae) 239 JANIS D. CHASE, WALTER E. HOWARD, AND JAMES T. ROSEBERRY 14. Beaver (Castor canadensis) 256 EDWARD P. HILL 15. Muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus and Neofiber alleni) 282 H. RANDOLPH PERRY, JR. v
vi CONTENTS 16. Voles (Microtus species) 326 MU RRA Y L. JOHNSON AND SHERRY JOHNSON 17. Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) 355 WENDELL E. DoDGE SECTION IV. CETACEA 18. Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and Other Toothed Cetaceans 369 STEPHEN LEATHERWOOD AND RANDALL R. REEVES 19. Baleen Whales (Eubalaena glacialis and Allies) 415 RANDALL R. REEVES AND ROBERT L. BROWNELL, JR. SECTION V. CARNIVORA 20. Coyote ( Canis latrans) 447 MARC BEKOFF 21. Wolves ( Canis lupus and Allies) 460 JOHN L. PARADISO AND RONALD M. NOWAK 22. Foxes (Vulpes vulpes and Allies) 475 DAVID E. SAMUEL AND BRAD B. NELSON 23. Arctic Fox (Alopex lagopus) 491 LARRY UNDERWOOD AND JAMES A. MOSHER 24. Black Bear (Ursus americanus) 504 MICHAEL R. PEL TON 25. Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos) 515 JOHN J. CRAIGHEAD AND JOHN A. MITCHELL 26. Polar Bear ( Ursus maritimus) 557 JACK W. LENTFER 27. Raccoon and Allies (Procyon lotor and Allies) 567 JOHN H. KAUFMANN 28. Fisher (Martes pennanti) 586 MARJORIE A. STRICKLAND, CARMAN W. DOUGLAS, MILAN NOVAK, AND NADINE P. HUNZIGER 29. Marten (Martes americana) 599 MARJORIE A. STRICKLAND, CARMAN W. DoUGLAS, MILAN NoVAK, AND NADINE P. HUNZIGER 30. Weasels (Mustela species) 613 GERALD E. SVENDSEN 31. Mink (Mustela vison) 629 GREG LINSCOMBE, NOEL KINLER, AND R. J. AULERICH 32. Wolverine (Gulo gulo) 644 DoN E. WILSON 33. Badger (Taxidea taxus) 653 FREDERICK G. LINDZEY 34. Spotted and Hog-nosed Skunks (Spilogale putorius and Allies) 664 WALTER E. HOWARD AND REX E. MARSH 35. Striped and Hooded Skunks (Mephitis mephitis and Allies) 674 ALFRED J. GODIN 36. River Otter (Lutra canadensis) 688 DALE E. TOWEILL AND JAMES E. TABOR 37. Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris) 704 KARL W. KENYON 38. Mountain Lion (Felis concolor) KENNETH R. DIXON 711
CONTENTS Vii ~'. 39. Bobcat and Lynx (Felis rufus and F. lynx) 728 CHET M. McCoRD AND JAMES E. CAROOZA SECTION VI. PINNIPEDIA AND SIRENIA. 40. Seals (Phocidae, Otariidae, and Odobenidae) 769 KEITH RONALD, JANE SELLEY, AND PAMELA HEALEY 41. West Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus) 828 DANIEL K. ODELL SECTION VII. ARTIODACTYLA 42. Collared Peccary (Dicotyles tajacu) 841 JOHN A. BISSONETTE 43. Elk (Cervus elaphus) 851 JAMES M. PEEK 44. Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) 862 RICHARD J. MACKIE, KENNETH L. HAMLIN, AND DAVID F. PAC 45. White-tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) 878 WILLIAM T. HESSELTON AND RUTHANN MONSON HESSELTON 46. Moose (Alces a/ces) 902 JoHN W. CoADY 47. Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) 923 FRANK L. MILLER 48. Pronghom (Antilocapra americana) 960 DAVID W. KITCHEN AND BART W. O'GARA 49. Bison (Bison bison) 972 H. W. REYNOLDS, R. D. GLAHOLT, AND A. w. L. HAWLEY 50. Mountain Goat ( Oreamnos americanus) 1008 RONALD A. WIGAL AND VICTOR L. COGGINS 51. Muskox (Ovibos moschatus) 1021 ANNE GuNN 52. Mountain Sheep (Ovis canadensis and O. dalli) 1036 BRUCE LAWSON AND ROLF JOHNSON ' SECTION VIII. EXOTIC SPECIES 53. Nutria (Myocastor coypus) 1059 GALER. WILLNER 54. Norway Rat and Allies (Rattus norvegicus and Allies) 1077 WILLIAM B. JACKSON 55. Wild Horses (Equus caballus and Allies) 1089 LARRY M. SLADE ANDE. BRucE GoDFREY 56. Ferai Hog (Sus scrofa) 1099 JAMES M. SwEENEY AND JoHN R. SwEENEY 57. Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) 1114 GEORGE A. FELDHAMER Appendix 1 1127 Appendix 2 1128 Glossary 1129 Index 1133