Science, Research, and Expertise behind the Rayne formulas

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Science, Research, and Expertise behind the Rayne formulas Rayne is the balance between what owners want (whole food, less processed ingredients, more natural approach) and what veterinary teams need to feel confident in their recommendation (science, research, expertise, analyses, clinic support). Rayne Clinical Nutrition: 100% Canadian owned and managed Canadian dedicated packaging and marketing Conducts all activities under 3 principles: Quality, Dedication, and Transparency No affiliation with or interest in retail products/brands Is achieving the balance between whole food, less processed ingredient based nutrition and science (what pet owners want and what veterinarians need) Provides non- partisan case consultation services in the best interest of the cat or dog, along with continuing education to contribute to the veterinary profession s understanding of and appropriate use of nutrition in clinical case management (consults@raynecanada.ca) The Rayne Company Difference Key Facts: 100% Canadian owned and managed Completely veterinary exclusive and dedicated (there is no retail division) Product availability throughout Canada via veterinary distributors exclusively Committed to being market responsive (in diet development, marketing material preparation, website information.etc.) Diet Formulations: Key Facts: Rayne diets are formulated through Open- Source Nutrition ; working with different board certified veterinary nutritionists and PhD nutritionists in collaboration with medical experts such as board certified veterinary internists, board certified dermatologists and veterinarians.

o The use of Open- Source Nutrition is like consulting VIN involving the right people and combining more expertise results in a better product Key Contributors to Rayne Formulas: Dr Rebecca Remillard, Ph.D., D.V.M., Dipl ACVN As the founder and President of Veterinary Nutritional Consultations, Inc., Dr Remillard is acutely aware of the importance of nutrition in an overall medical plan. As a Clinical Veterinarian at the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Dr Remillard is on the forefront of nutritional knowledge. Dr Korinn Saker MS, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVN An associate professor in Clinical Nutrition at the North Carolina State University of Veterinary Medicine, Dr Saker has particular expertise in Critical Care Nutrition including the influence of nutrients on oxidative stress disease states and nutritional support interventions for cancer and obesity. Dr Lisa Weeth DVM, Dipl. ACVN A graduate of the University of California, Davis, Dr Weeth went back for a Residency in Clinical Nutrition and became a Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Nutrition in 2007, then joining Red Bank Veterinary Hospital as a Clinical Nutritionist. Dr. Weeth provided formulation expertise for the original Rayne cooked frozen products from the Burnaby micro- kitchen and the original shelf- stable wet products. Dr Mark Finke MS, PhD (Nutritional Science/Entomology) Mark is the president of Mark Finke LLC, a consulting company supporting the pet industry. He specializes in nutrition, diet formulation, product development, quality assurance and business strategy supporting companies in the pet industry. Key responsibility is overseeing dry diet formulation and providing guidance on feeding guidelines. Nathan Fastinger PhD (Animal Nutrition) Nathan completed his PhD under Dr George Fahey Jr Focus of research was on GI health, fibre sources and uses Key responsibility is overseeing wet diet formulations and production Grey Matter Society Rayne product development is supported by the Grey Matter society, an extraordinary group of individuals with extensive knowledge and experience

in food science and technology. This independent group of scientists, all with more than 30 years experience in their field, is made up of specialists such as microbiologists, food scientists, and engineers. They bring their wealth of experience to Rayne as a result of their passion for pets and belief in whole food nutrition, and their interest and desire to raise the bar in nutritional products for dogs and cats. Rayne works with exceptional PhD nutritionists, veterinary specialists, and veterinarians to develop formulas. The outstanding scientists and technical experts from the Grey Matter Society turn these formulas into real products. The Rayne Diet Difference Key Facts: First whole food/less processed diets dedicated solely to the veterinary profession that are developed by nutritional and veterinary specialists with substantial supporting data to manage medical conditions in dogs and cats. o Urinary Protection- RSS (dry) canine diet with significantly more protein per 1000 kcals, and significantly less sodium as compared to other similarly targeted veterinary exclusive diets. o Urinary Protection- RSS (wet) feline diet that is high in protein g/1000 kcal (125) but low enough in phosphorous to be suitable for cats with kidney disease IRIS stages I through III (dependent on concurrent proteinuria and/or hypertension, or clinical azotemia). o First canine novel protein diet (Low Fat/Novel Protein- KSP) without a conflicting animal fat coating (nutritionists used coconut oil as palatant) o First wet canine kangaroo diet choice, completely aligned ingredients with the dry diet (slightly higher level of fat) o First rabbit novel protein diet in the Canadian veterinary market for both cats and dogs o First complementary novel protein treats (97% kangaroo; 3% honey; 100% rabbit) to match novel protein diets o First turkey based gastro- intestinal diets (turkey delivers glutamine) ( Nutritional Management of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Nick Cave, Applied Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Edited by Andrea J Fascetti, Sean J Delaney, Wiley and Sons, Nov 8, 2011, p 176) Unique Formulas aligned with the newest research o Generous g/1000 kcal protein in ALL feline diets, more in line with current nutritional recommendations (see feline protein references) o Lowest carbohydrate (ultra- low CHO as defined by AAHA at <5% ME): feline wet diet High Protein- LC on the market ideal for diabetic cats and weight loss: at 1.64% as fed, 5.92 DM, 14.5 g/1000 kcal o No corn, wheat, soybean, cellulose, gluten meals, or animal by- products o Wet diets are made with proprietary technology to improve nutrient preservation (lower cooking temperatures and shorter cooking times)

and provide excellent palatability. This process is significantly more environmentally friendly. o Dry diets utilize a majority of unprocessed, whole food ingredients, making formulations completely unique and differentiated from anything currently on veterinary shelves or in pet stores. Rayne Efficacy Key Facts: Rayne has a strong record of clinical efficacy beginning with the cooked/frozen diets from the HACCP certified Micro Kitchen (Burnaby, BC) starting in 2008. o These products were the result of John Phelps response to the veterinary market; veterinarians were expressing frustration with pets who were not responding to commercial diets for adverse reactions to food, or with pets with multiple medical conditions where finding a diet that could address all the issues seemed impossible. o The original products focused on allergies with a line of diagnostic or elimination diets as well as the capability to create custom diets; diets for one individual dog or cat with multiple medical problems. o The cooked/frozen diets were used by local veterinarians and specialists (including a Vancouver based board- certified dermatologist). o These diets were phenomenally successful and the Grey Matter Society set out to create a shelf stable format that alleviated the need to keep the products frozen without compromising on the whole food/minimal processing approach and philosophy. o The first shelf- stable wet, dry, and treat products were launched into the USA veterinary market through two of the largest referral hospitals, Coral Springs Animal Hospital and Red Bank Veterinary Hospital. For a year prior to the launch in Canada, Rayne diets were fed to the most sensitive and most highly monitored patients, with exceptional results. Shelf- stable, dry, and treat products were launched into the Canadian market November 2013. These diets are formulated by well- published PhD and Board Certified Veterinary Nutritionists with extensive research and academic backgrounds. These nutritionists apply their expertise and knowledge to provide the market with diets delivering well- defined parameters to manage specific medical conditions or for maintenance feeding. Throughout the launch in Canada, Rayne has often been tried as the last resort in pets where literally every other diet choice has failed to work. Under these challenging conditions, Rayne diets have been proven to be both palatable and efficacious at resolving medical symptoms! AAFCO Feeding Trials/Diet Testing Rayne diets are formulated to meet AAFCO requirements (either maintenance or growth). This puts Rayne in a very similar position as the majority of veterinary

exclusive diets that also do not have AAFCO feeding trials (this often comes as a surprise to many veterinary team members). AAFCO statements are on the bag and confirm this. The use and testing of high quality ingredients, utilization of independent PhD and Board Certified Veterinary Nutritionists for formulation, independent laboratory testing to determine nutrient delivery, and the track record of Rayne diets in the veterinary market over the last 6 years ensures product palatability and performance. o AAFCO feeding trials consist of 8 dogs or 8 cats; only 6 of the 8 must pass for a successful result. A pass is based on the pets not losing or gaining more than 15% of body weight over the duration of the trial, and achieving normal results on a basic blood profile at the end of it. Rayne diets have undergone palatability studies, with very favourable results. RSS or relative supersaturation testing was done at the University of Tennessee, under Dr. Joe Bartges. The results confirmed that Urinary Protection- RSS feline and canine undersaturated for struvite (<1), and were metastable for calcium oxalate (<12). This research provides veterinary professionals with the confidence that these diets will not contribute to the occurrence or reoccurrence of struvite or calcium oxalate crystals and stones in dogs and cats fed these diets. The Rayne Canadian Team President Heather Lowe With over 30 years in the pet care business, including 20 years dedicated to veterinary nutrition, Heather has a deep understanding of the role of the veterinary team in the health of dogs and cats. She is a passionate pet owner who firmly believes that nutrition has been an important aspect of her own pets' overall health, longevity, and quality of life. Her time spent in the pet nutrition field has helped her understand what a dynamic and evolving area it is, and she felt a growing intrigue with pet owner and veterinarian interest in diets designed to prevent or manage disease conditions that were more natural, whole food based. Director, Sales and Marketing Heather Parsons Heather s years in veterinary clinics built a deep respect for the role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of disease, and the importance of an expert diet prescription from the veterinary team. For more than 10 years, Heather has been dedicated to pet nutrition. A passionate pet owner, she has participated in many sports with her dogs, and has seen first hand how ensuring they had optimal nutrition allowed them to perform at their peak potential.

Nutritional Consult Team Michelle Evason DVM, Dipl. ACVIM (SAIM) Michelle obtained her veterinary degree and completed her residency training in small animal internal medicine at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine. She has worked in specialty clinical practice at both large private referral centres and also in academia as clinical faculty at Tufts. Michelle has been published in several veterinary journals (American Journal of Veterinary Research, Canadian Veterinary Journal, Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, British Journal of Veterinary Nutrition) and the ACVIM Proceedings. Julie Armstrong DVM, MVSc, Dipl. ACVIM (SAIM) Following graduation at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine in Saskatoon, Julie joined Veterinary Specialists of Hartford, Connecticut for a one- year internship followed by a three- year residency and MVSc in small animal internal medicine back at the WCVM, then becoming a board- certified internal medicine specialist. Shortly after finishing her residency she became a staff clinician within the small animal medicine department at the Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph. Julie has worked as an Internal Medicine consultant for a variety of companies in pet food, diagnostics, and specialty practices. Julie has a broad area of expertise encompassing internal medicine, clinical nutrition, and clinical pathology. Sandy Valverde DVM, CCRT After graduation from the Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Sandy dedicated 5 years to a small animal practice in her hometown of Edmonton. In 2008 Sandy pursued her interest in Veterinary Rehabilitation and became a Certified Canine Rehabilitation Therapist (CCRT). Sandy has over 12 years of experience in the nutrition industry. She has extensively developed individualized nutritional plans for dogs and cats with unique nutritional requirements and multiple disease conditions. Clinic Support Team British Columbia Trevor McBratney Nutrition is very important to Trevor to keep up with his active lifestyle and to fuel his performance in sports. Alex Harris Alex has spent the last 5 years dedicated to pet nutrition. He believes strongly in the link between nutrition and overall health

Heather Alexander Nutrition is important to Heather, as it is the foundation of everything for people and pets. Nutrition is very important to Heather with her dogs as she competes with them at a high level in agility and obedience and wants them to run their very best! Alberta Mark Greyeyes Mark believes that good nutrition equals a happy pet! He sees a great change in pets appearance and health with a healthy diet. Ontario Jennifer Tuach Jennifer has always had a passion for animals, which led her to the veterinary assistance program at St. Lawrence College where she graduated with honors. She has been working in the veterinary field for the past 11 years. Quebec Nancy Ayotte Nancy has a bachelor degree in human nutrition and worked in pharmaceutical sales before moving into veterinary nutrition. She finds the veterinary field fascinating and loves connecting with veterinary team members combining her love of animals and nutrition. Atlantic Canada Marshall Klevorick Marshall s lifelong interest in pet nutrition led to him completing a Masters in Nutrition, studying adverse reactions to food for his thesis. He has been part of the pet and veterinary industry for more than 25 years, he is a passionate believer in the role of the veterinary clinic as the primary source of information for pet health and nutrition. Distribution Pacific Veterinary Sales (PVS) provides office support, respresentation, and warehousing for Rayne nutritional products. They only ship Rayne products to veterinary dedicated buying groups/distributors to ensure the integrity of the veterinary channel commitment by Rayne. Rayne products are available through AVP, CDMV, Midwest VP, VP, and WDDC exclusively. Board of Directors: John Phelps, MBA The founder of Rayne, John has worked in the pet industry in a variety of areas, mainly quality assurance, production, ingredient science, and new product development. Moving geographically in a variety of positions John has worked in pet nutrition in Canada, the US, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and Africa.

John became an advocate and supporter for technical initiatives that improve regulation and ingredient quality. John has also been a strong supporter and promoter of low impact food processing for animal nutrition. John is active in the food science area with the Grey Matter Society, which is a group dedicated to investigating nutritional solutions. Brent Matthew, DVM, MBA One of the founding partners of the Medi- Cal business, Brent was instrumental in helping build Medi- Cal to the number 1 veterinary diet in the Canadian marketplace. Since his departure from the business in 2011, Brent has focused on his own consulting business, Matthew Veterinary Consulting Inc., and is a member of Quadrant Veterinary Management Group. A Board member with Rayne, Brent s expertise and experience as a veterinarian and entrepreneur is helping Rayne navigate the unique challenges of a start- up veterinary dedicated pet nutrition company. John Hommeyer With over 21 years of general management, marketing, sales and M&A experience in a wide range of businesses in the U. S. and abroad, including internet- based super- success Hotwire, John s presence on the Board is an asset to a dynamic new company like Rayne Rayne Vision and Purpose Rayne is a completely veterinary dedicated company that provides less processed, whole- food based diets that will positively transform dog and cat health and vitality. This will delight pet parents, enhancing their relationship with their pets and their pets health care team. Veterinarians will flourish through impacting their patients and clients in such a positive way. They will experience growth and success in their practice as increasing numbers of pet owners purchase these exclusive diets from their veterinarian.

Appendix #1 References on protein levels for cats: Fahey GJ, Barry KA, Swanson K: Age- related changes in nutrient utilization by companion animals. Annu Rev Nutr 28:425-445, 2008 Laflamme D: Nutrition for aging cats and dogs and the importance of body condition. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 35:713-742, 2005 Wakshlag JJ (ed): Dietary Protein Consumption in the Healthy Aging Companion Animal. Nestle Purina, 2010 Effects of nutrition choices and lifestyle changes on the well- being of cats, a carnivore that has moved indoors. Debra L. Zoran, C. A. Tony Buffington: JAVMA, Vol 239, No. 5, September 1, 2011 Discrepancy between use of lean body mass or nitrogen balance to determine protein requirements for adult cats.j Feline Med Surg. August 2013;15(8):691-7. Dorothy P Laflamme, Steven S Hannah Appendix #2 Published Research (Peer Reviewed) Dr. Michelle Evason Freiche V, Houston D, Weese H, Evason M, et al. Uncontrolled study assessing the impact of a psyllium- enriched extruded dry diet on faecal consistency in cats with constipation. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (2011) 13:903-911. Houston DM, Weese HE, Evason MD, Biourge V, van Hoek I. A diet with a struvite relative supersaturation less than 1 is effective in dissolving struvite stones in vivo. British Journal of Veterinary Nutrition (2011) 106:S90-2. Houston DM, Weese HE, Evason MD, Biourge V, van Hoek I. A diet with a struvite relative supersaturation less than 1 is effective in dissolving struvite stones in vivo. ACVIM Proceedings (2010). Stull JW, Evason M, Carr AP, Waldner C. Canine immune- mediated polyarthritis: clinical and laboratory findings in 83 cases in Western Canada (1991-2001). Canadian Veterinary Journal (2008) 49:1195-203. Evason MD, Carr AP. Eosinophilic cystitis in a German wire haired pointer. Canadian Veterinary Journal (2007) 48:509-11.

Evason MD, Taylor SM, Bebchuk TN. Osteogenesis imperfecta in a male kitten. Canadian Veterinary Journal (2007) 48:296-8. Evason M, Carr A, Waldner C. Correlation between serum potassium concentration, serum ionized calcium concentration, serum sodium: potassium ratio, and electrocardiographic findings in cats with urethral obstruction. ACVIM Proceedings (2004). Evason MD, Carr AP, Taylor SM, Waldner CL. Alterations in thyroid hormone concentrations in healthy sled dogs before and after athletic conditioning. American Journal of Veterinary Research (2004) 65:333-7. MD, Carr AP, Taylor SM, Waldner CL. Alterations in thyroid hormone concentrations in healthy sled dogs before and after athletic conditioning. Abstract in JAVMA (2004). Evason M, Rosenthal R. Emergency management in oncology; Principles and practice. ACVIM Proceedings (2002). Dr. Julie Armstrong Armstrong JA. Update on Infectious Causes of Diarrhea in Small Animal Medicine. Diarrhee d origine infectieuse chez les animaux. De compagnie: mise a jour. Armstrong j. Medecin veterinaire DU QUEBEC VOLUME 35; NO 2: 2005 73 Webb JA, Keller SL, Southorn EP, Armstrong JA, Allen DG, Peregrine AS, Dubey JP. Cutaneous Toxoplasmosis in an immunosuppressed dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2005 May- Jun;41(3):198-202. Webb JA, Boston SE, Armstrong JA, Moens NM. Lymphangiosarcoma associated with primary lymphedema in a Bouvier de Flandres. J Vet Intern Med 2004 Jan- Feb;18(1):122-4 Lymphangiosarcoma Weese JS, Armstrong JA. Outbreak of Clostridium difficile- associated disease in a small animal veterinary teaching hospital. J. Vet Internal Med 2003. Weese JS, Peregrine AS, Armstrong JA. Occupational health and safety in small animal practice: Part I- Nonparasitic Zoonotic Diseases. Can Vet J 2002; 43:631-636 Webb JA, Armstrong JA. Chronic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in a West Highland white terrier. Can Vet J 2002; 43:703-705 Armstrong JA, Taylor SM, Tryon KA, Porter, CD. Emphysematous cholecystitis in a Siberian husky. Can vet J 2000; 41: 60-62

BOOK CHAPTERS Armstrong JA, Hypoglycemia In Mathews K. (ed): Emergency and Critical Care Manual 1st ed. Life Learn Co. Guelph. Armstrong JA, Esophageal Foreign Bodies In Mathews K. (ed): Emergency and Critical Care Manual 1st ed. Life Learn Co. Guelph, In Press Armstrong JA, Fever of Unknown Origin In Mathews K. (ed): Emergency and Critical Care Manual 2 nd ed. Life Learn Co. Guelph, In Press Armstrong, JA, Shar Pei Fever In Tilley LP, Smith FWK (eds.): The Five Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline 3rd- 6th eds. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002 - Most recent edition in press Armstrong, JA, Paraproteinemia In Tilley LP, Smith FWK (eds.): The Five Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline 3rd- 6th eds. Philadelphia, Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2002 - Most recent edition in press. Armstrong, JA, Petechiae and Ecchymoses In Tilley LP, Smith FWK (eds.): The Five Minute Veterinary Consult Canine and Feline 3rd - 6th eds. Philadelphia, Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2002 - Most recent edition in press. Armstrong, JA, Ascites In Abbott JA ed: Small Animal Cardiology Secrets. Philadelphia, Hanley & Belfus, Inc., 2000 Published Material (non- peer reviewed) Dr Sandy Valverde Weight loss in dogs and cats: bottom lines for success. Tech news volume 37, issue 1. Pages 20-24.