FAUNAL DATA, SAN PEDRO PRESERVATION PROJECT

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FAUNAL DATA, SAN PEDRO PRESERVATION PROJECT Jennifer A. Waters Desert Archaeology, Inc. Cite as: Waters, Jennifer A. 2012 Faunal Data, San Pedro Preservation Project. <http://www.archaeologysouthwest.org/ap45>.

Faunal Data, San Pedro Preservation Project 3 Table 1. Project faunal remains, by site and taxa, San Pedro Preservation Project. Taxa BB:1:6 BB:1:22 BB:1:32 BB:1:33 BB:1:34 BB:1:55 BB:1:63 BB:2:3 BB:2:7 BB:2:10 BB:2:12 a BB:2:18 BB:2:19 Bony fish (Osteichthyes) 1 1 0.1 Frog or toad (Anura) 1 1 0.1 Turtle or tortoise (Testudines) 1 1 4 1 7 0.4 Mud turtle (Kinosternon sp.) 1 1 0.1 Desert tortoise? (cf. Gopherus agassizii) 1 1 0.1 Lizard (Iguania) 1 1 0.1 Nonpoisonous snake (Colubridae) 1 1 2 9 13 0.7 Rattlesnake (Crotalus sp.) 1 1 2 0.1 Duck (Anatidae) 1 1 2 0.1 Turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) 1 1 0.1 Hawk (Accipitridae) 4 2 4 10 0.5 Small hawk (Accipiter sp.) 1 1 0.1 Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) 2 2 0.1 Large hawk (Buteo sp.) 4 6 6 3 1 3 1 4 9 6 2 103 148 8.1 Red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) 1 1 0.1 Swainson s hawk? (cf. Buteo swainsoni) 1 1 0.1 Northern harrier (Circus cyaneus) 2 2 0.1 Falcon (Falconidae) 1 1 0.1 American kestrel (Falco sparverius) 2 2 4 0.2 Quail (Callipepla sp.) 2 2 1 1 1 1 7 2 1 3 21 1.2 Gambel s quail (Callipepla gambelii) 1 1 0.1 Dove (Zenaida sp.) 1 3 4 0.2 Macaw (Ara sp.) 3 3 0.2 Roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus) 1 1 0.1 Belted kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon) 1 1 0.1 Woodpecker (Picidae) 1 1 0.1 Northern flicker (Colaptes auratus) 1 3 1 5 0.3 Small passerine (songbird-sized) 1 1 2 0.1 Rabbits and hares (Leporidae) 1 1 7 2 11 0.6 Cottontail (Sylvilagus sp.) 1 5 4 4 24 17 3 1 20 4 7 2 4 6 20 228 1 19 8 27 1 3 5 11 425 23.3 Jackrabbit (Lepus sp.) 2 15 7 1 3 1 57 21 2 1 34 19 16 2 10 7 38 152 5 23 9 37 9 6 5 11 493 27.0 Antelope jackrabbit (Lepus alleni) 1 1 0.1 Blacktailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) 1 17 7 7 6 2 3 1 22 2 5 2 9 1 2 1 88 4.8 Small rodent (mouse-sized) 1 1 1 3 6 12 0.7 Medium rodent (ground squirrel-/ 2 3 1 1 3 14 24 1.3 woodrat-sized) Rock squirrel (Spermophilus variegatus) 1 1 2 0.1 Ground squirrel (Spermophilus/ 16 1 6 23 1.3 Ammospermophilus) b Pocket gopher (Thomomys sp.) 2 3 1 1 1 7 35 1 51 2.8 Pocket mouse (Perognathus sp.) 1 2 1 1 9 1 15 0.8 Kangaroo rat (Dipodomys sp.) 1 8 1 10 0.5 Deer mouse (Peromyscus sp.) 1 1 0.1 BB:2:51 BB:2:83 BB:6:2 BB:6:5 BB:6:11 BB:6:20 BB:6:73 BB:6:110 BB:7:5 BB:11:2 BB:11:26 BB:11:27 BB:11:36 BB:11:91 BB:11:100 BB:15:1 a Species Total Species

4 Waters Table 1. Continued. Taxa BB:1:6 BB:1:22 BB:1:32 BB:1:33 BB:1:34 BB:1:55 BB:1:63 BB:2:3 BB:2:7 BB:2:10 BB:2:12 BB:2:18 BB:2:19 Cotton rat (Sigmodon sp.) 1 1 0.1 Woodrat (Neotoma sp.) 1 1 1 3 8 14 0.8 Beaver (Castor canadensis) 1 1 0.1 Medium carnivore (dog-/coyote-/ 3 1 4 0.2 bobcat-sized) Dog/Coyote (Canis sp.) 9 4 3 21 4 1 1 2 10 1 2 1 7 66 3.6 Gray fox (Urocyon cinereargenteus) 1 1 0.1 Badger (Taxidea taxus) 1 1 2 0.1 Mountain lion/bobcat (Felidae) 1 1 0.1 Mountain lion (Puma concolor) 1 1 0.1 Bobcat (Lynx rufus) 1 1 1 1 1 5 0.3 Domestic cat (Felis silvestris) 3 3 0.2 Artiodactyl (Artiodactyla) 3 2 3 24 13 4 3 21 6 2 10 8 4 75 4 3 5 15 5 9 3 1 2 225 12.3 Deer, elk, or relative (Cervidae) 1 1 1 1 4 0.2 Deer (Odocoileus sp.) 1 9 5 3 1 2 6 1 5 2 2 33 1 4 9 1 1 1 1 88 4.8 Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) 1 2 1 4 0.2 Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) 3 3 0.2 Cattle/Bison (Bos/Bison) 3 5 8 0.4 Identified site total 3 22 15 1 3 12 1 160 111 13 2 70 87 50 7 34 30 74 571 27 64 29 205 25 26 134 3 47 1,826 100.0 Site contribution to project identified bone (Site ID/Project ID x 100) 0.2 1.2 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.1 8.8 6.1 0.7 0.1 3.8 4.8 2.7 0.4 1.9 1.6 4.1 31.3 1.5 3.5 1.6 11.2 1.4 1.4 7.3 0.2 2.6 100.0 Unidentified site total 1 16 14 2 5 22 1 216 156 12 10 46 153 71 12 49 38 68 403 40 101 44 142 46 43 39 8 70 1,828 Site total (identified and unidentified) 4 38 29 3 8 34 2 376 267 25 12 116 240 121 19 83 68 142 974 67 165 73 347 71 69 173 11 117 3,654 Site contribution to project total bone 0.1 1.0 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.1 10.3 7.3 0.7 0.3 3.2 6.6 3.3 0.5 2.3 1.9 3.9 26.7 1.8 4.5 2.0 9.5 1.9 1.9 4.7 0.3 3.2 100.0 (Site Total/Project Total x 100) of bone identified at site (Site ID/Site Total x 100) 75 58 52 33 38 35 50 43 42 52 17 60 36 41 37 41 44 52 N/A 59 40 39 40 59 35 38 77 27 40 50 Note: All site numbers are AZ # (ASM). All counts are numbers of identified specimens (NISP). a Tested deposits date primarily to the pre-classic period. b One individual represented by 16 NISP at AZ BB:2:7 (ASM). BB:2:51 BB:2:83 BB:6:2 BB:6:5 BB:6:11 BB:6:20 BB:6:73 BB:6:110 BB:7:5 BB:11:2 BB:11:26 BB:11:27 BB:11:36 BB:11:91 BB:11:100 BB:15:1 Species Total Species

Faunal Data, San Pedro Preservation Project 5 Table 2. Classic period faunal remains, by phase, San Pedro Preservation Project. Soza A.D. 1150/1200-1250/1275 in Phase Count Aravaipa/Redfield A.D. 1250/1275-1350/1375 in Phase(s) Count Late Redfield/Romero A.D. 1350/1375-A.D. 1450 Total in Phase Count Taxa Count Identified Bony fish (Osteichthyes) R 1 0.1 1 0.1 Turtle or tortoise (Testudines) R? 6 0.4 6 0.3 Mud turtle (Kinosternon sp.) R 1 0.1 1 0.1 Desert tortoise? (cf. Gopherus agassizii) 1 0.1 1 0.1 Lizard (Iguania) 1 1.8 1 0.1 Nonpoisonous snake (Colubridae) 13 0.9 13 0.7 Rattlesnake (Crotalus sp.) 2 0.1 2 0.1 Duck (Anatidae) R 2 0.1 2 0.1 Turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) 1 0.1 1 0.1 Hawk (Accipitridae) 10 0.7 10 0.6 Small hawk (Accipiter sp.) 1 0.1 1 0.1 Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) 2 0.1 2 0.1 Large hawk (Buteo sp.) 10 3.5 138 9.6 148 8.3 Red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) 1 0.1 1 0.1 Swainson s hawk? (cf. Buteo swainsoni) 1 0.1 1 0.1 Northern harrier (Circus cyaneus) 2 0.1 2 0.1 Falcon (Falconidae) 1 0.4 1 0.1 American kestrel (Falco sparverius) 1 0.4 3 0.2 4 0.2 Quail (Callipepla sp.) 2 0.7 19 1.3 21 1.2 Gambel s quail (Callipepla gambelii) 1 0.1 1 0.1 Dove (Zenaida sp.) 1 0.4 3 0.2 4 0.2 Macaw (Ara sp.) 3 0.2 3 0.2 Roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus) 1 0.1 1 0.1 Belted kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon) R 1 0.1 1 0.1 Woodpecker (Picidae) 1 0.1 1 0.1 Northern flicker (Colaptes auratus) 5 0.3 5 0.3 Small passerine (songbird-sized) 2 0.1 2 0.1 Rabbits and hares (Leporidae) 3 1.1 8 0.6 11 0.6 Cottontail (Sylvilagus sp.) 93 32.6 308 21.5 12 21.8 413 23.3

6 Waters Table 2. Continued. Soza A.D. 1150/1200-1250/1275 in Phase Count Aravaipa/Redfield A.D. 1250/1275-1350/1375 in Phase(s) Count Late Redfield/Romero A.D. 1350/1375-A.D. 1450 Total in Phase Count Taxa Count Jackrabbit (Lepus sp.) 81 28.4 372 26.0 28 50.9 481 27.1 Antelope jackrabbit (Lepus alleni) 1 0.1 1 0.1 Black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) 9 3.2 78 5.4 87 4.9 Small rodent (mouse-sized) 3 1.1 3 0.2 6 0.3 Medium rodent (ground squirrel-/woodratsized) 4 1.4 16 1.1 4 7.3 24 1.4 Rock squirrel (Spermophilus variegatus) 2 0.1 Bobcat (Lynx rufus) 1 0.4 4 0.3 5 0.3 Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) 1 0.4 2 0.1 3 0.2 2 0.1 Ground squirrel (Spermophilus/ 23 1.6 23 1.3 Ammospermophilus) a Pocket gopher (Thomomys sp.) 2 0.7 48 3.3 50 2.8 Pocket mouse (Perognathus sp.) 14 1.0 1 1.8 15 0.8 Kangaroo rat (Dipodomys sp.) 9 0.6 9 0.5 Deer mouse (Peromyscus sp.) 1 0.1 1 0.1 Cotton rat (Sigmodon sp.) 1 0.1 1 0.1 Woodrat (Neotoma sp.) 1 0.4 13 0.9 14 0.8 Beaver (Castor canadensis) R 1 0.1 1 0.1 Medium carnivore (dog-/coyote-/bobcat-sized) 4 0.3 4 0.2 Dog/Coyote (Canis sp.) 14 4.9 45 3.1 59 3.3 Gray fox (Urocyon cinereargenteus) 1 0.1 1 0.1 Badger (Taxidea taxus) 1 0.4 1 0.1 2 0.1 Mountain lion/bobcat (Felidae) 1 0.1 1 0.1 Mountain lion (Puma concolor) 1 0.1 1 0.1 Domestic cat (Felis silvestris) 3 0.2 3 0.2 Artiodactyls (Artiodactyla) 38 13.3 177 12.4 7 12.7 222 12.5 Deer, elk, and relatives (Cervidae) 1 0.4 3 0.2 4 0.2 Deer (Odocoileus sp.) 16 5.6 67 4.7 2 3.6 85 4.8 Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) 2 0.7 2 0.1 4 0.2 Cattle/Bison (Bos/Bison) 3 0.2 3 0.2 Total identified 285 100.0 1,433 100.0 55 100.0 1,773 100.0

Faunal Data, San Pedro Preservation Project 7 Table 2. Continued. Soza A.D. 1150/1200-1250/1275 in Phase Count Aravaipa/Redfield A.D. 1250/1275-1350/1375 in Phase(s) Count Late Redfield/Romero A.D. 1350/1375-A.D. 1450 Total in Phase Count Taxa Count Unidentified Very large mammal (cattle-/bison-sized) 1 0.1 1 0.1 Large mammal (deer-sized) 128 54.9 820 56.5 20 44.4 968 56.0 Medium/large mammal (small ungulate-/large carnivore-sized) Medium mammal (small/medium carnivoresized) 3 1.3 69 4.8 1 2.2 73 4.2 31 13.3 45 3.1 76 4.4 Small/medium mammal (small carnivore-sized) 1 0.4 47 3.2 1 2.2 49 2.8 Small mammal (rodent-/lagomorph-sized) 60 25.8 309 21.3 14 31.1 383 22.1 Unidentified mammal (unknown size) 4 1.7 83 5.7 4 8.9 91 5.3 Bird/small mammal 1 0.4 18 1.2 19 1.1 Small bird (songbird-sized) 1 0.1 1 0.1 Small/medium bird (quail-/dove-sized) 1 0.4 11 0.8 5 11.1 17 1.0 Medium bird (hawk-/owl-sized) 1 0.4 15 1.0 16 0.9 Large bird (eagle-/crane-sized) 1 0.1 1 0.1 Unidentified bird (unknown size) 1 0.4 5 0.3 6 0.3 Unidentified animal (unknown class) 2 0.9 27 1.9 29 1.7 Total unidentified 233 100.0 1,452 100.0 45 100.0 1,730 100.0 Total identified and unidentified 518 2,885 100 3,503 Note: R = Riparian taxon. Faunal remains from pre-classic contexts not included in this analysis. All counts are number of identified specimens (NISP). a One individual represented by 16 NISP at AZ BB:2:7 (ASM).

8 Waters Table 3. Faunal assemblage from 111 Ranch, AZ BB:6:73 (ASM), by phase. Taxa Identifiable Soza A.D. 1150/1200-1250/1275 NISP within Phase Aravaipa/Redfield A.D. 1250/1275-1350/1375 Total NISP within Phase(s) NISP Mud turtle (Kinosternon sp.) R 1 0.2 1 0.2 Nonpoisonous snake (Colubridae) 2 0.5 2 0.4 Turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) 1 0.2 1 0.2 Hawk (Accipitridae) 4 0.9 4 0.7 Large hawk (Buteo sp.) 1 0.2 1 0.2 Falcon (Falconidae) 1 0.7 1 0.2 American kestrel (Falco sparverius) 1 0.7 1 0.2 2 0.4 Quail (Callipepla sp.) 1 0.7 6 1.4 7 1.2 Dove (Zenaida sp.) 1 0.7 2 0.5 3 0.5 Macaw (Ara sp.) 3 0.7 3 0.5 Roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus) 1 0.2 1 0.2 Woodpecker (Picidae) 1 0.2 1 0.2 Northern flicker (Colaptes auratus) 3 0.7 3 0.5 Rabbits and hares (Leporidae) 3 2.0 4 0.9 7 1.2 Cottontail (Sylvilagus sp.) 62 41.9 166 39.2 228 39.9 Jackrabbit (Lepus sp.) 31 20.9 121 28.6 152 26.6 Black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) 6 4.1 16 3.8 22 3.9 Small rodent (mouse-sized) 1 0.7 1 0.2 Medium rodent (ground squirrel-/woodratsized) 2 1.4 1 0.2 3 0.5 Pocket gopher (Thomomys sp.) 2 1.4 5 1.2 7 1.2 Pocket mouse (Perognathus sp.) 1 0.2 1 0.2 Woodrat (Neotoma sp.) 1 0.7 2 0.5 3 0.5 Dog/Coyote (Canis sp.) 2 0.5 2 0.4 Mountain lion/bobcat (Felidae) 1 0.2 1 0.2 Bobcat (Lynx rufus) 1 0.7 1 0.2 Artiodactyl (Artiodactyla) 23 15.5 52 12.3 75 13.1 Deer (Odocoileus sp.) 10 6.8 23 5.4 33 5.8 Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) 1 0.7 1 0.2 2 0.4 Bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) 1 0.7 2 0.5 3 0.5 Total identifiable 148 100.0 423 100.0 571 100.0 Unidentifiable Large mammal (deer-sized) 65 63.7 160 53.5 225 55.8 Medium/large mammal (small ungulate-/ 2 2.0 9 3.0 11 2.7 large carnivore-sized) Medium mammal (small/medium 6 2.0 6 1.5 carnivore-sized) Small/medium mammal (small carnivoresized) 5 1.7 5 1.2 Small mammal (rodent-/lagomorph-sized) 30 29.4 90 29.9 120 29.8 Unidentified mammal (unknown size) 2 2.0 17 5.6 19 4.7

Faunal Data, San Pedro Preservation Project 9 Table 3. Continued. Taxa Soza A.D. 1150/1200-1250/1275 NISP within Phase Aravaipa/Redfield A.D. 1250/1275-1350/1375 Total NISP within Phase(s) NISP Bird/small mammal 1 1.0 3 1.0 4 1.0 Small/medium bird (quail-/dove-sized) 1 1.0 2 0.7 3 0.7 Medium bird (hawk-/owl-sized) 2 0.7 2 0.5 Unidentified bird (unknown size) 1 1.0 2 0.7 3 0.7 Unidentified animal (unknown class) 5 1.7 5 1.2 Total unidentifiable 102 100.0 301 100.0 403 100.0 Total 250 724 974 Notes: R = Riparian taxon. All counts are number of identified specimens (NISP).

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