JANUARY 7
This document is available on the English-language website of the www.banque-france.fr Countries ISO code Date of entry into the euro area Fixed euro conversion rates France FR //999.97 Germany DE //999.9 Austria AT //999.7 Belgium BE //999.99 Cyprus CY //.7 Spain ES //999. Estonia EE //. Finland FI //999.97 Greece GR //.7 Ireland IE //999.77 Italy IT //999,9.7 Latvia LV //.7 Lithuania LT //. Luxembourg LU //999.99 Malta MT //.9 Netherlands NL //999.7 Portugal PT //999. Slovakia SK //9. Slovenia SI //7 9. Directorate General Statistics
CONTENTS page GDP: International comparisons... Population, GDP... Activity: GDP growth... 7 Activity: Industrial production excluding construction... 9 Activity: Household confidence indicator... Activity: Industrial confidence indicator... Consumer prices: National indices... Consumer prices: Harmonised indices... 7 Performance indicators within the euro area... 9 Price competitiveness of the French economy... Public finance... Monetary aggregates... Monetary aggregates Euro area... The euro exchange rate... 7 Employment: Unemployment rate... 9 Produced on January 7
GDP: International comparisons GDP value at purchasing power parities (PPP) as a % Advanced economies. Emerging and developing economies 7. Share in the world Share in the advanced economies United States. United Sates 7. Euro area. Euro area. of which Germany. of which Germany. of which France of which Italy of which Spain..9. of which France of which Italy.. JapanA. of which Spain. United Kingdom. Japan. Canada. United Kingdom. Other advanced economies. Canada. Developing AsiaH of which China of which India 7. 7.. Other advanced economies Share in the emerging and developing economies. LAC. Developing Asia. of with Mexico Middle East, North Africa CIS of which Brazil... 7. of which China of which India LACA... Emerging and developing Europe Sub-Saharan Africa Share in the Euro area Germany France Italy of which Russia Spain Other countries....7. 9... of which Brazil of which Mexico Middle East, North Africa CISA of which Russia Emerging and developing Europe Sub-Saharan Africa Advanced economies (9 countries): Canada, United States, Japan, United Kingdom, euro area (9 countries), other economies ( countries): Australia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Hong Kong SAR, Iceland, Israel, Korea, Macao SAR, New Zealand, Norway, Puerto Rico, San Marino, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan. Emerging and developing economies ( countries): Sub-Saharan Africa ( countries), Emerging and developing Europe ( countries included Turkey), Developing Asia (9 countries), Middle East and North Africa ( countries, Afghanistan and Pakistan included), LAC ( countries of Latin America an the Caribbean), CIS ( countries, Turkmenistan included). The country composition of WEO groups is on the imf.org website in the World Economic Outlook Database. Source: IMF World Economic Outlook (October ). Produced on January 7.9..7.7...
Population, GDP GDP per head of population in euro PPP United States,7 Euro area European Union Japan,,, Euro area Luxembourg 7,9 Ireland 9, Netherlands Austria Germany Belgium Finland France Italy Spain Malta Slovenia Cyprus Portugal Slovakia Lithuania Estonia Greece Latvia,,,99,,, 7,9,9,7,7,,7,9,,7,, European Union (extra euro area) Sweden Denmark United Kingdom Czech Republic Poland Hungary Croatia Romania Bulgaria,9,,,99 9,7 9,7,7,9, European Commission (AMECO) forecasts GDP data are converted to euro using purchasing power parity rates (PPP), in order to eliminate differences in price levels between countries. Sources: Eurostat, European Commission. Produced on January 7
Activity: GDP growth GDP at chain-linked, previous-year prices, seasonally and working day adjusted Annual average Quarterly change Q Q Q Q France..7.... -.. Germany......7.. Austria........ Belgium -..7...... Cyprus -. -..7..7..9.7 Spain -.7...9....7 Estonia..7. -.. -... Finland -. -.7. -... -.. Greece -.. -. -.. -... Ireland (a).. 7...7 na na Italy -.7....... Latvia...7.7 -. -... Lithuania...7..... Luxembourg..7... -.. -. Malta.. 7...... Netherlands -......7.7. Portugal -..9...... Slovakia (a).....9.7.9.7 Slovenia -..9...7..7. Euro area -...9..... Bulgaria....9.9..9.7 Croatia -. -... -...7.7 Denmark.9.7. -. -.... Hungary.....9 -... Poland...9.. -... Romania (a).....9... United Kingdom.9....7... Sweden..7...... Czech Republic -..7.....9. European Union........ United States (a).7.......9 Japan (b).... -..7.. All growth rates based on ESA methodology except for United States and Japan. (a) GDP at chain-linked, previous prices, seasonally adjusted. (b) Seasonally adjusted, base year. (c) GDP at chain-linked, previous prices, seasonally adjusted and year-on-year seasonnaly and working day adjusted. (d) trend component. Sources: Eurostat, National data. Produced on January 7 7
Activity: GDP growth GDP at chain-linked, previous-year prices, seasonally and working day adjusted France Euro area - - - - - 9 9 - - - - - Germany United Kingdom - - - - - - - - - 9 9 - Italy United States (a) - - - - - - - - - 9 9 - Spain Japan (b) - - - - - - - - - 9 9 Histogram: annualised rate of quarterly change; curve: -month change All growth rates based on ESA methodology except for United States and Japan. (a) GDP at chain-linked, previous prices, seasonally adjusted. (b) Seasonally adjusted, base year. - Sources: Eurostat, National data. Produced on January 7
Activity: Industrial production excluding construction % change Annual average (wda) Monthly change (sa-wda) -month change (wda) Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov France (FR) -. -.9. -.9 -.. -. -.. -. -.. -. -.9. Germany (DE).... -.. -.... -....7. Austria (AT)..9. -. -..7. -.. -.9..9. Belgium (BE)..9 -...7 -. -.7...9...7 Cyprus (CY) -. -.7.. -. -. -...7... 7. Spain (ES) -.7... -.. -...7. -.9....7 Estonia (EE).. -. -..7 -.. -.. -.....7 9. Finland (FI) -. -.9 -... -.....7. -....9 Greece (GR) -. -... -..7 -.9. -.9..7.. 7.. Ireland (IE) -..9.9. 7.7 -. 7.9 -...7. -7. -. -.7. Italy (IT) -. -.7. -... -...7 -.9 -...9.. Latvia (LV) -.7 -.9.. -.9 -.7... 7.9. -...7. Lithuania (LT)... -. -. -..7.. -. -..... Luxembourg (LU) -.... -. -.. -. -.9.. -7..7 -. -7.7 Malta (MT) -. -.7. -. -...7 -.. -.9 -. -. -. -. -. Netherlands (NL). -.9 -..7 -... -... -.... 7. Portugal (PT)...7.9 -.. -.. -.9. -... -.. Slovakia (SK).9. 7. -. -.. -. -... -. 7.... Slovenia (SI) -.9.7... -.. -..9. 7.. 7.. 7. Euro area -.7.9.. -..9 -.... -..... Bulgaria (BG) -...9.9 -.. -....9..... Croatia (HR) -.7... -. -....7....9.7 7. Denmark (DK)... -.. -. -7... -. 7.. -...7 Hungary (HU). 7. 7. -... -...9 -... -.7 -.. Poland (PL).... -.. -. -.7...9.... Romania (RO) 7......9. -..7 -...9...7 United Kingdom (GB) -..... -. -. -...... -.. Sweden (SE) -. -.7. -.. -. 7.7 -.9. -.. -.. -. -. Czech Republic (CZ).... -9..7 -. -... -7. 7.9..7. European Union (a) -.... -.7. -. -...7..... United States (b).9.... -... -.. -. -. -. -.. Japan (b) -.. -.. -..... -. -.9....9 Wda: working day adjusted data. (a) For European Countries, Euro area and European Union, NACE Rev. Source: Eurostat. (b) Seasonally adjusted data. Sources: National data, ECB. Produced on January 7 9
Activity: Industrial production excluding construction working day and seasonally adjusted data, indices = 9 7 9 7 / / / / / / / 9 7 9 7 / / / / / / / FR DE IT Euro area GB US JP 9 7 9 7 / / / / / / / 9 7 9 7 / / / / / / / ES IE GR PT Euro area AT BE LU NL 9 7 9 7 / / / / / / / 9 7 9 7 / / / / / / / EE LV LT SI Euro area CY FI MT SK United States, Japan: seasonally adjusted data. For European Countries and Euro area, NACE Rev. Sources: National data, ECB. Produced on January 7
Activity: Household confidence indicator balance of opinions Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec France (FR)..7.. -..7.7.....9.99 Germany (DE).9......7.....7.77 Austria (AT) -. -. -. -. -. -. -. -.7 -. -. -. -. -.7 Belgium (BE)..9 -.. -. -....9 -. -.79 -.9. Cyprus (CY)...9.9.9.9..9..9...7 Spain (ES).7...77..9..7.7.7...99 Estonia (EE).7...7...9...79.9..9 Finland (FI) -. -. -. -. -. -.....9... Greece (GR) -.9 -. -.7 -. -. -. -. -.7 -.9 -.7 -. -.7 -. Ireland (IE).7.......9....9 Italy (IT)..79....9.9...... Latvia (LV).7.9.9.9.....9..77.7.7 Lithuania (LT).7.....7..7.....77 Luxembourg (LU)..9.9..9....79..9.9.9 Malta (MT)......9.77.79.7..9.9.7 Netherlands (NL). -.. -. -.7 -.......79. Portugal (PT)..9..7.7.7....7..9.7 Slovakia (SK)..7..9...9..7.... Slovenia (SI)...9....9.9.9.97..9. Euro area.9.....7.7...... Bulgaria (BG).......9..97..9.. Croatia (HR)........9.7....7 Denmark (DK)....9.......9.. Hungary (HU).9..9.7.9...7..7.97.. Poland (PL).9...9.....7.... Romania (RO).7.9.7.7.9..79.7..7.9.7.9 United kingdom (GB)....9... -...7... Sweden (SE) -.7 -. -. -. -. -.. -. -.9.... Czech Republic (CZ)..7..........7. European Union...7..9.....7.7.. Source: European Commission. Produced on January 7 Zone euro Main economic and financial indicators
Activity: Household confidence indicator balance of opinions - - - - - - - 7 9 7 9 - FR DE IT Euro area GB - - - - - - - 7 9 7 9 - ES GR IE PT Euro area AT BE LU NL - - - - - - - 7 9 7 9 - EE LV LT SI Euro area CY FI MT SK Source: European Commission. Produced on January 7 Zone euro Main economic and financial indicators
Activity: Industrial confidence indicator balance of opinions Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec France (FR).7...... -...9... Germany (DE).......7.9...7..7 Austria (AT).7. -.9 -. -. -.7 -. -. -..... Belgium (BE).. -.....9.7.....9 Cyprus (CY) -. -...9..9......7. Spain (ES).7.7..7..9.9.9.9...97. Estonia (EE) -. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. -...9 -.. Finland (FI) -. -. -. -.7 -. -. -.97 -. -.7. -. -.. Greece (GR) -.9 -.9 -. -. -. -.7 -.9 -. -.9 -. -. -. -. Ireland (IE) nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd nd Italy (IT).7..7....7...7..7. Latvia (LV)..9.7........7.. Lithuania (LT)..9.. -.7. -...9...9. Luxembourg (LU) -. -. -.77 -.... -.. -...9. Malta (MT).. -. -.. -.9 -...7...7.9 Netherlands (NL).......9.9..... Portugal (PT)...7....7....79.. Slovakia (SK) -.9....7 -. -..7 -.. -. -.9. Slovenia (SI).9.9......9..7.9.7.9 Euro area...........7.. Bulgaria (BG)..79.....9...7.7.9. Croatia (HR).7.......9....7. Denmark (DK) -.7 -. -.9 -.7 -. -. -. -. -. -.7 -. -.. Hungary (HU)...9..7.9.7....7.. Poland (PL)...9.7.7........ Romania (RO)..........9... United kingdom (GB).. -.7....7..9...9.9 Sweden (SE)..7...7... -. -..7..9 Czech Republic (CZ) -..7. -. -.....9.... European Union..7...7...9.....77 Source: European Commission. Produced on January 7 Zone euro Main economic and financial indicators
Activity: Industrial confidence indicator balance of opinions - - - - - - - 7 9 7 9 - FR DE IT Euro area GB - - - - - - - 7 9 7 9 - ES GR PT Euro area AT BE LU NL - - - - - - - 7 9 7 9 - EE LV LT SI Euro area CY FI MT SK Source: European Commission. Produced on January 7 Zone euro Main economic and financial indicators
Consumer prices: National indices % change Annual average Monthly change -month change Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec France (FR)... -.. -.......... Germany (DE).9........7...7...7 Austria (AT).7. -. -..7....7... Belgium (BE)..... -.......9... Cyprus (CY) -. -. -.. -... -.. -. -. -. -. -. -. Spain (ES) -. -. -. -.7..... -. -...7.7. Estonia (EE) -. -..... -... -...... Finland (FI). -.. -...........7. Greece (GR) -. -.7 -. -... -. -. -.9 -. -. -.9 Ireland (IE). -. -. -. -. -. -.. -.. -. -. Italy (IT).. -... -. -. -.. -. -.. -... Latvia (LV)... -. -........... Lithuania (LT). -.9.9 -. -.........7.. Luxembourg (LU)... -............ Malta (MT).. -......7....7 Netherlands (NL)..... -.. -.. -...... Portugal (PT) -... -.7 -..7. -....7..9..9 Slovakia (SK) -. -. -. -. -..... -.9 -.9 -. -. -.. Slovenia (SI). -. -. -.9.... -....... Euro area... -.... -........ Bulgaria (BG) -. -. -... -.... -. -. -. -. -.. Croatia (HR) -. -. -. -... na -. -. -.9 -.7 na Denmark (DK)... -. -... -........ Hungary (HU) -. -.. -. -..... -. -..... Poland (PL). -.9 -.7 -. -.....7 -. -. -. -... Romania (RO) -. -.. -.. -.. -.. -.. -.. -.. United kingdom (GB)........9.9... Sweden (SE) -.... -........9...7 Czech Republic (CZ)...7. -. -..........9 European Union.. -.......... United States (US).. -.... -......7 Japan (JP).. -..... -. -. -... Harmonised indices for the euro area and European Union. Sources: National data, Eurostat. Produced on January 7
Consumer prices: National indices -month % change - - - - - - - - / / / / / / / / / / / / / / FR DE IT Euro area GB US JP - - - - - - - - / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ES GR IE PT Euro area AT BE LU NL - - - - - - - - / / / / / / / / / / / / / / EE LV LT SI Euro area CY FI MT SK Harmonised indices for the euro area. Sources: National data, Eurostat. Produced on January 7
Consumer prices: Harmonised indices % change Annual average Monthly change -month change Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec France (FR)... -.. -.........7. Germany (DE)... -........7.7.7 Austria (AT).. -. -......... Belgium (BE)... -.. -.. -......9.7. Cyprus (CY) -. -. -... -. -.9 -.. -. -. -. -. -.. Spain (ES) -. -. -. -...7... -.7 -..... Estonia (EE)..... -.....7.. Finland (FI). -.. -............ Greece (GR) -. -.. -...7. -.... -.. -.. Ireland (IE).. -. -. -. -. -.. -. -. -. -. Italy (IT).. -. -.9 -..9. -.. -. -.. -... Latvia (LV).7.. -. -.7..... -..... Lithuania (LT). -.7.7 -. -.........7.. Luxembourg (LU).7.. -...... -. -...7.. Malta (MT).. -.. -.9 -. -..9..9.. Netherlands (NL)..... -.. -.. -.. -....7 Portugal (PT) -... -...7. -...7..7...9 Slovakia (SK) -. -. -. -.... -.9 -. -. -. -. Slovenia (SI). -. -. -.9 -.... -. -. -...7.7. Euro area... -.... -........ Bulgaria (BG) -. -... -.7 -. -. -. -. -. -. -. Croatia (HR). -. -. -. -... -.. -. -. -.7 -...7 Denmark (DK)... -. -... -.... -.... Hungary (HU)... -. -..... -. -..7... Poland (PL). -.7 -. -.... -. -. -... Romania (RO). -. -.. -... -.. -.. -. United kingdom (GB)...........9. Sweden (SE)..7.. -...........7 Czech Republic (CZ).... -. -.......... European Union.. -.......... United States (US).. -.... -......7 Japan (JP).. -..... -. -. -... Harmonised indices except for the United States and Japan. Sources: National data, Eurostat. Produced on January 7 7
Consumer prices: Harmonised indices -month % change - - - - - - / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Amplitude FR DE IT Euro area GB US JP - - - - - - / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ES GR IE PT Euro area AT BE LU NL - - - - - / / / / / / / - / / / / / / / EE LV LT SI Euro area CY FI MT SK Harmonised indices except for the United States and Japan. Amplitude = extreme values of harmonised price indices seen in the euro area (changing composition). Sources: National data, Eurostat. Produced on January 7
Performance indicators within the euro area NACE revision ; % change Hourly labour cost (a)(b) Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q France.........7....... Germany..9......9....9.7.9.9. Austria..7.......9.9......9 Belgium.9.9...9.....7...... Spain........ -. -.. -. -..7. -. Finland (c).9.7..7.....9....9.. -. Greece -. -.7 -. -. -.7 -.9 -.. -. -. -7. na -. -. Ireland....7 -.... -..... -... Italy.. -.....7.9. -.. -.7 -. -.7 -. -. Luxembourg..........7... -.. -. Netherlands.7...9......... -... Portugal -.7 -...7 -. -.7. -. -.7 -..... -.. Slovenia -... -....7..... -.. -.9. Euro area......9.....9..... Houry wage cost (b) Annual average Annual average -quarterly change -quarterly change Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q France..7....9.........7. Germany..9...........9.7.. Austria..9.....9......... Belgium.9.9..9.....7.7...... Spain -..... -......9..... Finland (c)....9...7.9......7. -. Greece -.7 -. -. -.9 -. -. -... -. -. na -. -. Ireland.... -.... -........ Italy.9.....9...7 -..... -.7 -. Luxembourg...7..7....7.7... -.. -. Netherlands. -....7. -.. -.9..9.9...7. Portugal -. -...7 -.7 -.. -. -. -....7. -.. Slovenia -... -.7.9....... -.9. -. -. Euro area..............9.. (a) In addition to employees gross earnings, total labour costs include indirect costs such as employers social contributions and taxes connected to the employment. (b) Whole economy excluding agriculture, fishing and government sectors. (c) Unadjusted. Source: Eurostat. Produced on January 7 9
Performance indicators within the euro area NACE revision ; % change Hourly labour cost; -quarterly change (a)(b) 7 - - - 9 9 France Germany Spain Euro area Belgium Italy Netherlands 7 - - - Hourly wage cost; -quarterly change (b) - 9 9 France Germany Spain Euro area Belgium Italy Netherlands - (a) In addition to employees gross earnings, total labour costs include indirect costs such as employers social contributions and taxes connected to the employment. (b) Whole economy excluding agriculture, fishing and government sectors. Source: Eurostat. Produced on January 7
Price competitiveness of the French economy Indicators deflated by consumer prices st quarter 999 = relative to Monetary Union partners Competitiveness improvement 9 9 /99 / / / / / / / /7 / /9 / / / / / / / Nominal exchange rate relative to European Union partners Indicators deflated by consummer prices Competitiveness improvement 9 9 /99 / / / / / / / /7 / /9 / / / / / / / Nominal exchange rate relative to industrial countries Indicators deflated by consummer prices Competitiveness improvement 9 9 /99 / / / / / / / /7 / /9 / / / / / / / Euro area = 7. European Union =. Nominal exchange rate Indicators deflated by consummer prices last value: / Sources: ECB, OECD, IMF, Thomson-Reuters (Datastream), national data calculations. Produced on January 7
Public finance Produced Directorate General Statistics. Sources: INSEE, Eurostat, European Commission (European Economic Forecast, Spring ). Produced on January 7
Monetary aggregates seasonally adjusted data, -month % change Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Euro area (a) M.... 9.7 9....7...7 M.7.....9...... United Kingdom Currency in circulation..7..7 7. 7. 7... 9.... M..9......9.... United States M..... 7.9 7...9... 7. M.7.....7.9 7. 7. 7. 7.9 7. 7. Japan M...9. 7. 7. 7. 7. 7.7...9 9. M......9.9.9..... (a) Growth rates have been calculated from monthly differences in levels adjusted for seasonal and working-day variations and changes which do not arise from transactions (reclassifications, changes in the scope of the MFI sector, write-offs, exchange rate variations and other valuation effects). Sources: National central banks, ECB, Thomson-Reuters (Datastream). Produced on January 7
Monetary aggregates seasonally adjusted data, -month % change Euro area (a) United Kingdom - - - /99 / / / /7 /9 / / / United States - - M M M as a centred -month moving average M reference value /99 / / / /7 /9 / / / Currency in circulation M Japan (b) - - - - - - /99 / / / /7 /9 / / / /99 / / / /7 /9 / / / M M M M - last value: / (a) Growth rates have been calculated from monthly differences in levels adjusted for seasonal and working-day variations and changes which do not arise from transactions (reclassifications, changes in the scope of the MFI sector, write-offs, exchange rate variations and other valuation effects). (b) Series backcasted to April according to the new methodology for compiling monetary aggregates. Sources: National central banks, ECB, Thomson-Reuters (Datastream). Produced on January 7
Monetary aggregates Euro area Data adjusted for seasonal and working-day variations annual growth rate (a) Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov M...... 9.7 9....7...7 M-M -. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. -.7 -. M..............9 M-M..7 -. -. -.7 -. -..9...7.7.. M..9.7.....9...... M (-month centred moving average)...9.....9.....7 monthly growth rate (a) Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov M.9...9.7.7....9.7... M-M -. -... -. -. -. -.. -. -.. -. -. M.............. M-M.. -.7.... -...7 -.7. -.. M.7...7.......... (a) Growth rates have been calculated on flow data, adjusted for reclassifications, changes in the scope of the MFI sector, write-offs, exchange rate variations, other revaluations and other changes which do not arise from transactions. Source: ECB. Produced on January 7
Monetary aggregates Euro area Data adjusted for seasonal and working-day variations growth rate (a) M M-M - / / / / / / / - - - - / / / / / / / M M-M 7 / / / / / / / - - - - - / / / / / / / M 7 - / / / / / / / Annualised quarterly growth rate Annualised semi-annual growth rate Annualised growth rate (a) Growth rates have been calculated on flow data, adjusted for reclassifications, changes in the scope of the MFI sector, write-offs, exchange rate variations, other revaluations and other changes which do not arise from transactions. Source: ECB. Produced on January 7
The euro exchange rate Per euro Dollar Year Year Year 999 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec End of period..7.....9.. Period Average..9.9.9....799. Yen End of period.7.7....9.97.. Period Average.....9..7.9.9 Pound Sterling End of period.7.7.....9.. Period Average.7.79.9....99.9. Swiss Franc End of period...79..97.7...79 Period Average..79.9.7..99.7.7.7 Danish Krone End of period 7. 7. 7. 7.7 7. 7. 7.9 7. 7. Period Average 7. 7.7 7. 7.9 7. 7.7 7. 7. 7. Swedish Krona End of period. 9.9 9. 9.7 9.9 9. 9. 9.7 9. Period Average.7 9. 9.9 9.7 9.9 9. 9.77 9. 9.79 Czech Koruna End of period. 7. 7. 7. 7. 7. 7. 7. 7. Period Average. 7.79 7. 7. 7. 7. 7. 7. 7. Hungarian Forint End of period.7.9 9..9. 9.79.. 9. Period Average.77..... 7... Romanian Leu End of period...9..7.7...9 Period Average...9..9..9.. Bulgarian Lev End of period.99.9.9.9.9.9.9.9.9 Period Average.9.9.9.9.9.9.9.9.9 Polish Zloty End of period.7.9....9.7.. Period Average.7...9..7.7.9.7 Source: ECB. Produced on January 7 7
The euro exchange rate (a) monthly average (a) The euro is quoted using the direct method: one euro = x units of a foreign currency. Source: ECB. Produced on January 7
Employment: Unemployment rate Harmonised unemployment rate (Eurostat) - except for United States and Japan % of labour force, seasonally adjusted Annual average Monthly data Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec France (FR)...... 9.9 9.9... 9.9 9.7 9. Germany (DE) (a).............. Austria (AT) (a)..7....9.9....... Belgium (BE).......... 7.9 7. 7. 7. Cyprus (CY)..9.....9.7..9.... Spain (ES)...7..... 9.9 9. 9. 9. 9. 9. Estonia (EE) 7.........9 7. 7. 7. 7. na Finland (FI) (a).7 9. 9. 9. 9. 9. 9..9.9..7.7.7. Greece (GR).....9........ na Ireland (IE). 9...9....... 7.9 7.7 7. 7. 7. Italy (IT)..9...7.........9 Latvia (LV). 9.9.. 9.9 9. 9. 9. 9.7 9.9 9. 9.7 9. 9. Lithuania (LT).7 9..9...... 7. 7. 7. 7. 7.9 Luxembourg (LU).............. Malta (MT)........7..9.... Netherlands (NL) (a) 7..9..........7.. Portugal (PT)..........9.9.9.. Slovakia (SK)...7.... 9.9 9. 9.7 9. 9. 9. 9. Slovenia (SI) 9.7 9........ 7. 7. 7.7 7. 7. Euro area..9......... 9.9 9. 9. United Kingdom (GB)......9.9.9...7. na na Sweden (SE) (a) 7.9 7. 7. 7. 7. 7..7 7.. 7. 7..7.9. European Union. 9. 9..9.9.7.7....... United States...9..9.9...7.9.9.9..9..7 Japan.............. 9 7 / / / / / / / United Kingdom United States Japan Euro area France Germany Italy Unemployment rate (ILO definition) / / / / / / / Annual average Monthly data Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec France.... 9.9. Metropolitan France 9.9. 9.9 9.9 9. 9.7 Germany.7.............. United Kingdom.............. 9 7 (a) trend component. Sources: National data, Eurostat. Produced on January 7 9