Taking a history on veterinary education
|
|
- Olivia Rosa Preston
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 January 12, 2013 Vol 172 No 2 ISSN Journal of the British Veterinary Association Picture: V. Lamb veterinaryrecord.bvapublications.com Feature Feature education Taking a history on veterinary education In this article, another in the series marking 125 years of Veterinary Record, Andrew Gardiner and Susan Rhind consider some common themes in the history of veterinary education. They look at how veterinary teaching and education have evolved over time and discuss what may happen in years to come. In 1887, the National Veterinary Association decided that the time has arrived for the profession to be represented by a weekly scientific journal. The Veterinary Record was the result, its aim being to unite the different arms of the profession under the banner of progress and education, by holding the balance fair, supporting no clique and fostering no individual pretensions. With reference to medicine, the first editorial also told its readers, we have too long accustomed ourselves to a respectful following of our sister profession (Hunting 1888). In 1888, the year of the Veterinary Record s first issue, British veterinary colleges were already reasonably well established. Organised and continuous veterinary education in Britain, as elsewhere in Europe, had been a product of the Enlightenment and represented a coming together of comparative anatomy/medicine and agriculture, set alongside the 18th century ideals of rationalism and improvement. The reference to clique and individual pretensions in the journal s first editorial, however, indicated the lively nature of British veterinary politics in the 19th century (Fisher 1993). This period featured privately owned veterinary colleges presided over by independently minded individuals, not all of whom agreed with each other! On the continent, by contrast, veterinary education was often founded, funded and primarily organised by the state. Table 1 shows the historical background Andrew Gardiner, BVM&S, Cert SAS, MSc, PhD, MRCVS, Susan Rhind, BVMS, PhD, FRCPath, FHEA, MRCVS, Veterinary Medical Education Division, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK andrew.gardiner@ed.ac.uk Veterinary Record is 125 years old this year. To celebrate, we are publishing an article each month focusing on a key topic. Each article aims to look at what the challenges have been, how the topic has developed and what the future might hold. Articles published so far are listed in the box on p 393. The pictures on the right compare the first issue of Veterinary Record, published on July 14, 1888, with how it looks today and institutional development of the British veterinary colleges existing in This general situation remained until the addition of two new veterinary schools in 1949, at the universities of Bristol and Cambridge, when major changes in veterinary education followed the government s Loveday Reports of 1938 and 1944, and a new Veterinary Surgeons Act in 1948, which replaced the first Act of Any long view of British veterinary education in the years since Veterinary Record began suggests several overarching themes. We have used these to bring together what can only be a very brief synopsis on such a large, diverse and often hotly debated topic. Beginnings In one sense, British veterinary education is repeating history. We are currently in a phase of new veterinary schools opening without restriction, with all the debate that this prompts as to what is best for the students, the profession, the animals and the public. In the 19th century, veterinary schools could open (and close) with impunity. In 1888, three of the UK s four veterinary colleges were located in Scotland (see Table 1). In addition to the college opened by William Dick in 1823, Edinburgh had two New Veterinary Colleges. One was started by John Gamgee in 1857, which Veterinary Record 125 years Veterinary Record Radioactivity of faeces and urine from hyperthyroid cats treated with iodine-131 Veterinary medicines VMD consults on changes to the regulations Equine breeding Identifying the causes behind reproductive failure transferred to Bayswater, London, in 1865, where it became known as the Albert Veterinary College, before closing in 1868 for financial reasons. The second Edinburgh New Veterinary College was opened by William Williams in 1873 and moved to Liverpool in 1904, where it became the first department (later faculty) of veterinary medicine within a university. There was also a Polish veterinary college in Edinburgh during the Second World War. Glasgow Veterinary College opened after founder James McCall disagreed with his employer William Dick on one of the most contentious medical issues of the day the cause of cattle plague (rinderpest), which regularly wreaked havoc on European economies. McCall felt so strongly that he moved to Glasgow and set up his own college. As the nation s capital, and a city full of horses, London was perhaps an obvious location for Britain s first veterinary college, but why was Edinburgh so prominent? One explanation may be the city s key role in the 18th century as a focus of comparative anatomy, a subject that created the same excitement that genomics (also strongly associated with Edinburgh) elicits today. Historically, Scotland and France had been politically close, and comparative anatomy was a French invention, promoted by 388 Veterinary Record October 26, 2013
2 Table 1: Background and institutional development of the British veterinary colleges existing in 1888*, the year of the first issue of Veterinary Record the palaeontologist Georges Cuvier. The first veterinary college opened at Lyons in 1762, and early discussions about teaching in Edinburgh, even before William Dick opened his college, enthusiastically referred to Cuvier and to a future of comparative medicine (Gardiner 2007). The veterinary student is more likely to be successful if he comes from the farm or is the son of a practising veterinary surgeon than if he is town bred. [...] We could not justify expenditure of public money on the training of women for work among dogs and cats; the number of women admitted by the schools should be small Loveday Report (1938) By the 19th century, there was no control of the number of veterinary colleges opening nor of the students enrolling. This free market in veterinary education reflected the general laissez faire attitude in British politics of the time, which tended to limit state involvement in public life. Initially unregulated, a major development in British veterinary education was that the profession obtained a Royal Charter in 1844, and subsequently developed a single portal system of licence to practise (Pattison 1984, 1991, Hall 1994). The single portal was the qualifying diploma exam administered by the RCVS, which was designed to set a comparable standard across all veterinary colleges. This meant that the colleges taught the courses, but that the RCVS examined for membership and applied a consistent standard (rather than individual colleges issuing their own, internally examined diplomas). The single portal harmonised veterinary education and provided a welcome, steadying force for the 19th century profession. The system was admired by the General Medical Council, which tried to impose a similar format on medical education, but this was repeatedly thwarted by the Royal Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons an instance of veterinary medicine innovating in advance London Edinburgh Glasgow Edinburgh/Liverpool Founded /1904 Founder/Principal Saint Bel Dick McCall Williams Privately owned N/A Until 1866 Until 1909 Until 1904 University degree Incorporated into university Faculty status N/A * Bristol and Cambridge university veterinary schools were opened in 1949 and marked the post-loveday phase of British veterinary education (see main text) The Department of Veterinary Science at Liverpool university began as New Veterinary College, Edinburgh, in 1873, and moved to Liverpool in 1904 The Royal Veterinary College (RVC) was never owned by a single individual. It originated with subscribers and a board of governors. After university incorporation, the RVC retained its own Royal Charter and federal structure within the University of London (which still persists today) of the much larger sister profession. There will still be some older veterinarians who qualified under the MRCVS diploma system. Their post nomials are MRCVS, without any university degree abbreviations (such as BVSc, BVMS, BVM&S, BVetMed, etc). Until the second Veterinary Surgeons Act of 1948, a veterinary degree was an optional extra; the MRCVS diploma was mandatory. When veterinary colleges entered universities, and degrees themselves conferred the right to practise, there were great fears that multiple portals of entry to the practising profession would lead to a slip in standards. However, others argued that standards would be improved when universities took over examination there had been criticisms that the rather small pool of RCVS examiners were out of touch with new developments in knowledge and teaching. As always in British veterinary life, it was a spirited debate (Adami 1920, Whitehouse 1944, Kraft 2004a, b). Post-1948 The two Loveday Reports (Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries and Department of Agriculture for Scotland 1938, 1944), and the second Veterinary Surgeons Act of 1948, which the Loveday Reports informed, defined veterinary education for most of the 20th century. The post-war report basically accepted much of the 1938 version, but added urgency to the need for educational reform following wartime concerns about national food security. The Atlantic blockade had highlighted the fact that the UK was not self-sufficient in food production, and that much livestock agriculture was inefficient and hampered by chronic disease problems and low productivity problems to be tackled by a modernised profession. Each of the traditional colleges subsequently conformed to the Loveday model of what a modern universitybased veterinary education should look like. One key feature was an emphasis on preclinical science underpinning the clinical studies. This had become a notable feature of medical curricula, following the highly influential Flexner Report (Flexner 1910). In many ways, Loveday was the British veterinary profession s equivalent to Flexner. Other recommendations were the inclusion of field stations and working farms within each veterinary school, as well as extensive on-site clinical facilities. There was investment in staff and infrastructure, but also a government-derived quota placed on veterinary student intake, based on forecasted employment needs. Loveday makes interesting reading even today, and many of the educational concerns and themes are recurring ones, albeit in a different context. History doesn t repeat itself, but it does rhyme this quote, often attributed to Mark Twain, seems very true of veterinary education. Transformative though it was, the Loveday Report was proved dramatically wrong in two key areas: the intended role and purpose of the post-war profession, and its gender balance. Confidently forecasting a future for the veterinarian as the physician of the farm and suggesting that work would mainly take place in the territory where animal and public health overlapped (Hardy 2003), the report did not predict the explosion that was to take place in companion animal practice from the 1950s and 60s, which by the turn of the century would make this sector the dominant area of veterinary practice. The report was also deeply prejudiced against women and its attempts to socially engineer the gender balance of the profession would be seen as highly inappropriate today. The veterinary student is more likely to be successful if he comes from the farm or is the son of a practising veterinary surgeon than if he is town bred. [...] We could not justify expenditure of public money on the training of women for work among dogs and cats; the number of women admitted by the schools should be small (Loveday Report 1938). New schools and models The opening of Nottingham veterinary school in 2006, the first for more than 50 years, heralded a new approach to clinical teaching by using a distributed model where clinical rotations take place October 26, 2013 Veterinary Record 389
3 in associated practices, rather than within teaching hospitals as part of the school s own on-campus infrastructure. Although this approach had been used previously, notably in some newer North American schools, it represented a significant shift from the traditional Loveday model in the UK, and was viewed with much interest. This model will underpin clinical delivery in the newest veterinary school opening at Surrey university, where the first student cohort is due to arrive in As in the 19th century, the RCVS still has a key role in maintaining standards, through its system of veterinary school inspections, and any new veterinary programme requires validation by the RCVS before the qualification can act as automatic membership of the RCVS. However, the RCVS itself has no say in the number of veterinary schools opening it only inspects them once they are up and running. Existing veterinary schools are also inspected regularly a throwback to the RCVS s historic role as the examining body in the single portal system. Changes in teaching In the early 1930s, there were concerns that veterinary training was becoming too theoretical. Those in practice often bemoaned the fact that veterinary colleges were turning out new veterinarians without proper training in animal handling and practical, clinical skills. One correspondent to The Veterinary Record blamed student selection procedures, considering that the colleges were largely filled with... unregenerate, pallid and studious sons of suburbia, with a sprinkling of virile and competent women (Anon 1934). The 1930s was an era of great anxiety about the future of the profession, whose totemic animal, the horse, was disappearing from the streets. Up to this point, everything about veterinary education had been equine-centric. Colleges largely provided courses for horses, with other species being given far less attention. The horse a noble and useful animal in turn suggested a noble and useful veterinary profession. As a result of this virtual horse cult within veterinary medicine, some economically important species, such as poultry, were completely off the radar, and before the 1950s, veterinary surgeons who specialised in small animals seemed to have been considered morally dubious in the words of one editorial in the Veterinary Journal, they were below the salt (Anon 1947). In this anxious time, caused by a FIG 1: Model patient: in this clinical skills lab, the students learn how to carry out jugular blood-sampling on a dog manikin. This patient always stays perfectly still and students can practice as many times as they wish. This increases the chance of success when students first have to do it for real in clinics a positive for animal welfare and student confidence alike change in species emphasis, questions were increasingly asked about what a veterinary surgeon should be, where they should come from, how they should be selected for entry, and how they should be trained. Could women do the work? It seemed that a number of women wished to enter veterinary courses, and to undertake the full range of veterinary work, despite calls that, if they did study, they should concentrate on species appropriate to them, such as poultry and cats. An elliptical compliment was paid in an editorial in the special Ladies Number of The Veterinary Record, published in April 1934: Eminent men research workers find particularly that when the need arises to exploit their original ideas and preliminary investigations so that a great deal of painstaking and tedious collection of further detail has to be undertaken, women are invaluable collaborators (Anon 1934). Faced with such blatant discrimination, it is amazing that women continued to apply, but they did, and they often graduated with high honours. Qualified veterinary surgeon, BVSc, (woman), desires position as Assistant in large mixed practice. Is highly recommended as excellent surgeon, obstetrician, observant and sound diagnostician in horse, cattle and small animals and as strong, active, keen, commands respect with all clients. Motorist. This is an advert placed in The Veterinary Record, December 14, 1935, by a female veterinary graduate. It is interesting that she had a degree (optional), that she appears to want to work in mixed practice, and that Photograph: R(D)SVS her wording seems to emphasise masculine personality traits. These debates about skills and competences, whether pre-existing in the student because of their gender or social background, or acquired during their education, surfaced and resurfaced throughout the 20th century. The Loveday idea of having functioning clinics within veterinary schools, the equivalent of the human teaching hospital, was just one attempt to address the problem, but it is really only within the past 10 years or so that we have seen the structured introduction and embedding of clinical, professional and communication skills teaching and assessment throughout the curriculum. The RCVS Day 1 Competences (RCVS 2013), first published over 10 years ago (and currently under review), greatly assisted curriculum developers in emphasising the importance of general professional skills/ attributes and specific practical competences, in addition to the underpinning scientific knowledge and understanding necessary for clinical practice. The subsequent development of the Year 1 competences and the Professional Development Phase, which became mandatory in 2007, further served to emphasise the importance of lifelong learning. While clinical skills facilities are now part of the teaching infrastructure in most veterinary schools, many veterinary surgeons in practice will not have experienced a clinical skills lab during their own student days. These facilities provide safe and animal welfare-friendly environments for students to practice key procedures, such as suturing, basic surgery, blood sampling and rectal examination, using a variety of specific models and simulators (Fig 1). Different learning speeds and styles are easily accommodated. A parallel focus on professional and communications skills reflects a growing desire to ensure that students are well prepared for the challenges of dealing with the general public, and of being part of a business. Teaching in all of these skill areas now tends to begin in the early years of the curriculum, with a general move away from the Loveday-inspired preclinical, paraclinical and clinical phases. Alongside these developments, there is also a trend away from the lecture as the dominant mode of teaching. Instead, more small-group, problem-based and self-directed approaches to learning are used. However, such changes bring with them significant implications in terms of staff development, acceptability and cost (Dale and others 2008). 390 Veterinary Record October 26, 2013
4 Feature With changes in curriculum content and structure, assessment practices have also adapted to align with the new skills and attributes being taught. A detailed discussion of assessment methods in veterinary schools is beyond the scope of this article; however, one major change over the past 10 years or so has been the move towards a more thorough and rigorous assessment of skills. Most veterinary schools now include some form of Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) as part of their standard assessment armoury (Fig 2). This import from medical education (Harden and Gleeson 1979) aims to ensure an appropriate level of reliability and fairness using a form of skill assessment that is far more structured than the traditional viva that many of us may recall from our own undergraduate days. Such assessment changes reflect broad shifts in educational theory and practice, which are being applied within the veterinary curriculum, often heavily informed by developments in medical education. E-learning When the Royal Dick Veterinary College moved to its newly completed premises at Summerhall in 1925 (the official opening had taken place in 1916), one of the features of the purpose-designed building was a lecture room equipped for the showing of lantern slides. This use of such vivid imagery would no doubt have made a great impact on the teaching of visual subjects, such as anatomy and pathology perhaps it even stopped some students falling asleep in the darkened room! An equivalent technological development today is the use of e-learning. Those of us graduating before the 21st century have lived through a huge change in terms of the technology present in our everyday lives the same change has happened within the walls of our veterinary schools. E-learning is just another teaching Tracking and specialisation two contentious issues In one important sense, veterinary education has always tracked and specialised, by species. Nineteenth and early 20th century veterinary teaching focused on the horse. Following the Second World War, great emphasis was placed on the dairy cow (Woods 2007), before companion animal subjects expanded considerably. Historically, however, the British veterinary profession has tended to resist formal division of its expertise (as in medicine), because flexibility provided for a variety of veterinary careers in a numerically small profession (Gardiner and others 2011). Great growth in veterinary knowledge, together with expansion in the size of the profession, has prompted debate on whether veterinary medicine should become more formally tracked, to allow vets to graduate in more restricted areas of practice, but with higher level Photograh: OVAM Photograph: Library, University of Edinburgh FIG 2: Extract from an OSCE sheet for a typical small animal clinical skill assessment. Supplied by John Mosley, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies strategy: good teachers tend to be good teachers regardless of the methods they choose to use; however, appropriate use of technology can greatly enhance learning. New learning technologies are perhaps best suited to providing more readily available access to resources most notably videos, recorded lectures, interactive images, and so on. Two excellent examples of e-learning on a national and international scale in veterinary education are Wikivet and the Online Veterinary Anatomy Museum (OVAM) projects. Wikivet is a worldwide collaborative venture that ultimately aims to cover the entire undergraduate curriculum. The linked OVAM project is a collection of anatomy resources organised into categories according to the species, system and region covered (Fig 3). Both projects harness the power of the internet to allow collaboration between students and staff across institutions. FIG 3: Getting to grips with anatomy, a perennial challenge for any veterinary student. (left) An interactive 3D visualisation created as part of the OVAM project that a current student may pull up for learning and revision. (right) A student s drawing from the1930s October 26, 2013 Veterinary Record Feature.indd /10/ :23
5 FIG 4: Overall number of publications with veterinary education as a subject heading since the late 1970s, broken down into five-year blocks (obtained by searching the CAB abstracts database). Although a crude measure, this is consistent with a significant increase in research activity over the past 20 years competences. There are also real concerns in connection with content overload and the effect this has on general educational experience/development and also on overall student wellbeing on such an intense programme as veterinary medicine (Reisbig and others 2012). Full-blown tracking would be a considerable change and would impact on the veterinary labour market in new ways; however, several schools have already implemented, or are in the process of implementing, partial tracking options to allow students to focus on primary and secondary areas of interest, while still retaining broad-based cross-species training and the RCVS Day 1 competences. Veterinary education as a new academic discipline Before the 21st century, the main fora for discussing veterinary education were either during species-specific conferences, such as BSAVA and BEVA, or at the Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers (AVTRW) annual conference. Historically, the subject has always aroused great interest and sometimes heated debate within the profession s journals; however, a problem has been the generally low evidence base applied to matters of veterinary pedagogy. Between animal and human medicine there is no dividing line nor should there be. The object is different but the experience obtained constitutes the basis of all medicine Rudolf Virchow In 2004, the association Veterinary Education Worldwide (ViEW) was established by a group of veterinary educators who had attended the large medical educational conference held by the Association for Medical Education in Europe. 392 Veterinary Record October 26, 2013 The aim of ViEW is to promote and support excellence in veterinary education through an annual meeting and by developing a network of veterinary educators internationally. In the UK, the VetEd symposium (established in 2009) rotates annually around the veterinary schools and also attracts a national and international audience. Consistent with this emergence of a vibrant research community, there has been a rapid rise in the number of publications in the field of veterinary education (Fig 4). This rise has coincided with the appearance of departments or groups of individuals whose main research interest is in veterinary education itself, rather than the more traditional biomedical sciences. Looking again to our sister profession, such units in medical schools are now commonplace (Davis and others 2005). Prognosis... Going by the quality, enthusiasm and commitment that veterinary students continue to bring to their studies, the future of veterinary education should be exciting. However, like any profession, veterinary medicine is subject to wider structural changes operating within society; these may affect human-animal relations in diverse and hard-to-predict ways and are bound to impact on future veterinary education. Current debate has tended to focus on the issues of oversupply of veterinarians (and the linked issue of the opening of new veterinary schools), student debt and changing models of practice. These are all areas that demand close scrutiny. In particular, student debt has risen considerably within the past 20 to 30 years and is a serious concern affecting wellbeing and prospects for veterinary students. The profession should attract able students from across the socioeconomic spectrum if it is to fulfil all of its social role and purpose. One of the benefits of history is that one can easily reach for that most useful of diagnostic instruments the retrospectoscope. No such instrument exists for looking into the future apart, perhaps, from the crystal ball but the evidence base there is somewhat lacking. However, one phrase we hear a lot of today, one health (and its close relations, one medicine and one wellbeing ) has a long historical pedigree (Michell 2000). Veterinary medicine is uniquely placed to exploit the huge comparative and mutually beneficial opportunity that Rudolf Virchow ( ) physician, scientist, politician and philosopher first identified: Between animal and human medicine there is no dividing line nor should there be. The object is different but the experience obtained constitutes the basis of all medicine. If the profession can do this, the future for veterinary education should be bright. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the following colleagues for their help in preparing this article: Clare Boulton, Sue Bradley, Glen Cousquer, Gemma Gaitskell- Phillips, Julie Hipperson, John Mosley and Claire Phillips. Speaking personally... capturing life in practice Visit the following link to hear retired members talk about their own veterinary education ( uk/capturing-life-in-practice/education/). These extracts are taken from fulllength veterinary life stories recorded for the Capturing Life in Practice oral history project, a collaboration between RCVS Knowledge, the Centre for Rural Economy at Newcastle University and the British Library (archive partner). Speakers include Mary Brancker (qualified 1938), Alistair Clarke (1948), Carl Boyd (1953) and Dick Lane (1953). References ANON (1934) Women and the veterinary profession. Veterinary Record 14, ANON (1947) The clinician is important. Veterinary Journal 103, 155 ADAMI, G. (1920) The position of veterinary science. The Times June 11, p 17 DALE, V. H. M., SULLIVAN, M. & MAY, S. (2008) Adult learning in veterinary education: theory to practice. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education 35, DAVIS, M. H., KARUNATHILAKE, I. & HARDENS, R. M. (2005) AMEE education guide no. 28. The development and role of departments of medical education. Medical Teacher 27, FISHER, J. R. (1993) Not quite a profession: the aspirations of veterinary surgeons in the mid-nineteenth century. Historical Research lxvi, FLEXNER, A. (1910) Medical education in the
6 United States and Canada: a report to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching GARDINER, A. (2007) Elephants and exclusivity: an episode from the pre-dick history of veterinary education in Edinburgh. Veterinary History 13, GARDINER, A., LOWE, P. & ARMSTRONG, J. (2011) Who or what is a veterinary specialist? Veterinary Record 169, HALL, S. A. (1994) Charter 150. The struggle for the charter of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, Veterinary Record 134, HARDEN, R. M. & GLEESON, F. A. (1979) An assessment of clinical competence using an objective, structured clinical examination (OSCE). Medical Education 13, HARDY, A. (2003) Professional advantage and public health: British veterinarians and state veterinary services. Twentieth Century British History 14, 1-23 HUNTING, W. (1888) Editorial notes. Our position. Veterinary Record 1, 1 KRAFT, A. (2004a) Breaking with tradition: the reform of British veterinary education History of Education 33, KRAFT, A. (2004b) Liverpool veterinary school: the first 100 years. Veterinary Record 155, MICHELL, A. (2000) Only one medicine: the future of comparative medicine and clinical research. Research in Veterinary Science 69, MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES AND DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOR SCOTLAND (1938, 1944) Report (and Second Report) of the Committee on Veterinary Education in Great Britain (Loveday Committee). HMSO PATTISON, I. (1984) The British Veterinary Profession J. A. Allen PATTISON, I. (1991) Two hundred British veterinary years. Veterinary Record 128, REISBIG, A. M. J., DANIELSON, J. A., WU, T-F., MCARTHUR, H., Jr, KRIENERT, A., GIRARD, D. & GARLOCK, J. (2012) A study of depression and anxiety, general health, and academic performance in three cohorts of veterinary medical students across the first three semesters of veterinary school. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education 39, RCVS (2013) Day and year one competences. www. rcvs.org.uk/document-library/day-and-year-one-competences/. Accessed October 2, 2013 WHITEHOUSE, A. C. (1944) Veterinary education in Great Britain. Nature 153, 227 WOODS, A. (2007) The farm as clinic: veterinary expertise and the transformation of dairy farming, Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 38, doi: /vr.f6273 Articles published in Veterinary Record s 125th anniversary series so far have considered: n Cattle lameness (VR, January 26, 2013, vol 172, pp 92-95) n Dermatology in companion animals (VR, February 23, 2013, vol 172, pp ) n Articular disorders in dogs (VR, March 30, 2013, vol 172, pp ) n Equine surgery (VR, April 27, 2013, vol 172, pp ) n Imaging (VR, May 25, 2013, vol 172, pp ) n Cardiology (VR, June 29, 2013, vol 172, ) n Parasitology (VR, July 27, 2013, vol 173, 89-91) n Equine infectious diseases (VR, August 31, 2013, vol 173, ) n Companion animal obesity (VR, September 28, 2013, vol 173, ) Veterinary Record: first published as /vr.f6273 on 25 October Downloaded from on 15 October 2018 by guest. Protected by copyright. October 26, 2013 Veterinary Record 393
MSc in Veterinary Education
MSc in Veterinary Education The LIVE Centre is a globally unique powerhouse for research and development in veterinary education. As its name suggests, its vision is a fundamental transformation of the
More informationV et erinary Science
V et erinary Science We are ambitious W e are Bristol We are collaborative We are connected We are global We are supportive This talk will cover: The three programmes that lead to qualification as a vet
More informationAerial view of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht
Aerial view of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht The role of a veterinarian in the next 30 years Anton Pijpers Utrecht University Content What s happening around us In general Societal demands
More informationinternational news RECOMMENDATIONS
The Third OIE Global Conference on Veterinary Education and the Role of the Veterinary Statutory Body was held in Foz do Iguaçu (Brazil) from 4 to 6 December 2013. The Conference addressed the need for
More informationTEACHERS TOPICS A Lecture About Pharmaceuticals Used in Animal Patients
TEACHERS TOPICS A Lecture About Pharmaceuticals Used in Animal Patients Elaine Blythe Lust, PharmD School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University Submitted October 30, 2008; accepted January
More informationVeterinary Education and curriculum development in Tanzania. Background cont...
Veterinary Education and curriculum development in Tanzania Philemon Wambura Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Sokoine University of Agriculture 1. Introduction 1.1 Background Tanzania is a low income rural
More informationBVetMed Programme Specification Applies to Cohort Commencing 2018
BVetMed Programme Specification Applies to Cohort Commencing 2018 1. Awarding institution Royal Veterinary College 2. Teaching institution Royal Veterinary College 3. Programme accredited by Royal College
More informationCAREERS INFORMATION. learnwithdogstrust.org.uk. Dogs Trust Registered Charity Nos and SC037843
CAREERS INFORMATION learnwithdogstrust.org.uk Dogs Trust 2017. Registered Charity Nos. 227523 and SC037843 Careers with Dogs Trust What does Dogs Trust do? Today Dogs Trust is the UK s largest dog welfare
More informationHarbour Hotel, Galway 19 th 21 st September 2017
Veterinary European Transnational Network for Nursing Education and Training Harbour Hotel, Galway 19 th 21 st September 2017 Steps to getting the Veterinary Nursing profession regulated within your State
More informationKøbenhavns Universitet. Companion animal ethics Sandøe, Peter; Corr, Sandra; Palmer, Clare. Published in: Luentokokoelma Publication date: 2013
university of copenhagen Københavns Universitet Companion animal ethics Sandøe, Peter; Corr, Sandra; Palmer, Clare Published in: Luentokokoelma 2013 Publication date: 2013 Citation for published version
More informationVeterinary Education in Europe 2009 and beyond
Bulletin UASVM, Veterinary Medicine 66(2)/2009 ISSN 1843-5270; Electronic ISSN 1843-5378 Veterinary Education in Europe 2009 and beyond Marcel WANNER, Robin OAKLEY Veterinarians have a special responsibility
More information08/09/2009. Constraints for the livestock industry in Zambia. Veterinary Education and Curriculum Development: Zambia (Lusaka)
Veterinary Education and Curriculum Development: Zambia (Lusaka) Aaron S. Mweene, PhD Dean, University of Zambia Constraints for the livestock industry in Zambia Zambia supports over 2 million cattle,
More informationLEARNING OBJECTIVES. Watch and understand a video about a wildlife organization. Watch and listen
Cambridge University Press LEARNING OBJECTIVES Watch and listen Watch and understand a video about a wildlife organization Listening skills Take notes Speaking skills Use signposting language; introduce
More informationDkIT B.Sc. in Veterinary Nursing Frequently Asked Questions
DkIT B.Sc. in Veterinary Nursing Frequently Asked Questions How many places are on the course? 30 in total: 20 Leaving Certificate students, six mature students and four for applicants with a FETAC Level
More informationCaring for people caring for animals since 1980
1 of 5 04/12/2011 10:08 In This Issue A new look College bookshop New Horse and Pony course Interesting and informative websites Accredited Petcare Professional Register New resource centre Caring for
More informationTHE LAY OBSERVERS REPORT TO COUNCIL AND THE PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION COMMITTEE S RESPONSE
ROYAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SURGEONS RCVS COUNCIL 2008 THE LAY OBSERVERS REPORT TO COUNCIL AND THE PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION COMMITTEE S RESPONSE [The text of the Lay Observers report is set out below
More informationCourse Pack Introduction to Canine Anatomy and Physiology
Course Pack Introduction to Canine Anatomy and Physiology This information pack explains all that you ll need to know about the Introduction to Canine Anatomy and Physiology course. We have tried to include
More informationEssential Principles of Horseshoeing
A Primer for the Doug Butler Enterprises 21st Century approach to Farrier Education! Essential Principles of Horseshoeing A first-of-it s kind resource providing step-by-step instruction and corresponding
More informationVice President of Development Denver, CO
Vice President of Development Denver, CO A Nonprofit Community-Based Animal Welfare Organization Committed to Ending Pet Homelessness and Animal Suffering The Dumb Friends League Mission For over 100 years,
More informationOIE Collaborating Centre for Training in Integrated Livestock and Wildlife Health and Management, Onderstepoort
OIE Collaborating Centre for Training in Integrated Livestock and Wildlife Health and, Onderstepoort 1 2 Development of the Centre Consortium Partner Institutions Proposal - OIE Collaboration Centre 29
More informationREPORT FROM THE FIRST GLOBAL MILK QUALITY EXPERT FORUM
REPORT FROM THE FIRST GLOBAL MILK QUALITY EXPERT FORUM CONTACT Charlotte Grime charlotte@mgcomms.co.uk +44 (0) 1488 657722 Chatham House rules report WHAT WILL MASTITIS MANAGEMENT LOOK LIKE IN 10 YEARS?
More informationIn the last 30 years, the veterinary profession has seen a dramatic. gender equity, and status for a profession. Although this is clearly a threat
ALLEN: FEMINISATION OF THE VETERINARY PROFESSION 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Feminisation of the Veterinary Profession: Opportunity or Threat? In the last 30 years,
More informationSpeaker Profiles and Programme
The Sceptical Vet: Eminence or Evidence? Finding the best way forward for the veterinary profession An open symposium Speaker Profiles and Programme 10.30 11.00 Coffee and Registration 11.00 Welcome from
More information10015NAT Graduate Diploma Veterinary Acupuncture
10015NAT Graduate Diploma Veterinary Acupuncture Nationally accredited under the Australian Qualifications Framework at postgraduate level. WHO IS IT FOR? The 10015NAT Graduate Diploma Veterinary Acupuncture
More informationEXTENSION PROGRAMMES
EXTENSION PROGRAMMES DEDICATED TO THE ACTIVITIES OF THE VETERINARY SERVICES G. Khoury International Consultant 1 Original: English Summary: Extension programmes could be defined as the dissemination of
More informationWorking as a vet in the UK; a guide for overseas vets
Working as a vet in the UK; a guide for overseas vets Welcome The British Veterinary Association (BVA) would like to offer a very warm welcome to all overseas vets starting or considering a career in the
More informationHigher National Unit specification: general information. Veterinary Nursing: Companion Animal Health and Welfare
Higher National Unit specification: general information Unit code: H0YB 34 Superclass: SP Publication date: March 2012 Source: Scottish Qualifications Authority Version: 01 Unit purpose This Unit is designed
More informationHome from Home Dog Boarding. Franchise Prospectus
Home from Home Dog Boarding Franchise Prospectus Prospectus Contents Introduction and Welcome to Wagging Tails! What is Wagging Tails and what do we do? The People that make Wagging Tails tick. Why Franchise
More informationAssociation of Pet Behaviour Counsellors. Promoting the Best in Pet Behaviour. Why join the APBC?
Association of Pet Behaviour Counsellors Promoting the Best in Pet Behaviour APBC Why join the APBC? What is the Association of Pet Behaviour Counsellors? The Association of Pet Behaviour Counsellors (APBC)
More informationU N D E R S TA N D I N G O U R C A N I N E C O M PA N I O N S ( ADVANCED DIPLOMA ) DISTANCE LEARNING
TRAIN WITH KINDNESS U N D E R S TA N D I N G O U R C A N I N E C O M PA N I O N S ( ADVANCED DIPLOMA ) DISTANCE LEARNING 2 king of paws: dog training academy Welcome to King of Paws King of Paws: Dog Training
More informationEUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR HEALTH AND FOOD SAFETY
Ref. Ares(2016)105284-08/01/2016 EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR HEALTH AND FOOD SAFETY Directorate F - Food and Veterinary Office DG(SANTE) 2015-7426 - MR FINAL REPORT OF AN AUDIT CARRIED
More informationVETERINARY EDUCATION MORE THAN JUST SCIENCE IS NEEDED
VETERINARY EDUCATION MORE THAN JUST SCIENCE IS NEEDED PROFESSOR CLIVE PHILLIPS DIRECTOR, CENTRE FOR ANIMAL WELFARE AND ETHICS, UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND Thank you for the opportunity to address you about
More informationA Report on the First International Symposium for Veterinary Mental Health and Suicide Prevention
A Report on the First International Symposium for Veterinary Mental Health and Suicide Prevention May 29 th 2015, Brisbane Jenny Weston BVSc BPhil PhD 1 2 Background New Zealand ~ 4.5 million people 2,750
More informationCats Protection our strategy and plans
Cats Protection our strategy and plans Version 6-03.09.15 COM_881 www.cats.org.uk Cats Protection now helps around 500 cats and kittens every day through our network of over 250 volunteer-run branches,
More informationStrategy 2020 Final Report March 2017
Strategy 2020 Final Report March 2017 THE COLLEGE OF VETERINARIANS OF ONTARIO Introduction This document outlines the current strategic platform of the College of Veterinarians of Ontario for the period
More informationDevelopment of an undergraduate ferret clinical handling programme
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Development of an undergraduate ferret clinical handling programme Author : Bev Panto Categories : Exotics, Students, Vets
More informationSkilled Occupation List
Skilled Occupation List 2015-16 Submission from the Australian Veterinary Association Ltd 14 th November 2014 Contact: Dr Deborah Neutze nssm@ava.com.au 02 9431 5000 0412 262 825 Executive summary The
More informationMember Needs Assessment Report to the Members June 2012
Member Needs Assessment Report to the Members June 2012 Background In November of 2011, AVMA completed a comprehensive study among its members to assess how well AVMA s strategic direction aligned with
More informationAcademy. Empower Through Training
Academy Empower Through Foreword John McHugh working together to deliver professional solutions that empower individuals and organisations to act and respond to security challenges. Welcome to IEDS Ltd
More informationCompassion Communication skills Passion caring responsibility
Background Information Veterinary physician or Veterinarian - A vet is a person who is qualified to treat diseases or injured animals. - vets typically work in a hospitality specifically meant for animals.
More informationNational Academic Reference Standards (NARS) Veterinary Medicine. February st Edition
National Academic Reference Standards (NARS) Veterinary Medicine February 2009 1 st Edition Table of Contents Introduction to Veterinary Medical Education 1 National Academic Reference Standards 3 Curriculum
More informationHandbook Murdoch University. Coursecode BACHELOR OF SCIENCE/DOCTOR OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. Correct as at: 2 September 2018 at 4:31am
Handbook 2016 Coursecode B1330 BACHELOR OF SCIENCE/DOCTOR OF VETERINARY MEDICINE Murdoch University Correct as at: 2 September 2018 at 4:31am Correct as at: 2 September 2018 at 4:31am The information contained
More informationEmbracing the Open Pet Pharmaceutical Transition
Embracing the Open Pet Pharmaceutical Transition The Shifting Pet Pharmacy Revenue In March 2015, leading animal health industry consultancy, Brakke Consulting, Inc., in collaboration with the leading
More informationOphthalmology Workshop
Ophthalmology Workshop SCHEDULE DAY 1 DAY 2 08:15 Introduction and Welcome 08:30 09:30 Tutorial 1: Anatomy of the Eye 09:30 11:00 Tutorial 2: Examining the Eye: What s Normal 11:00 11:15 Morning tea 11:30
More informationDAIRY HERD HEALTH IN PRACTICE
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk DAIRY HERD HEALTH IN PRACTICE Author : James Breen, Peter Down, Chris Hudson, Jon Huxley, Oli Maxwell, John Remnant Categories
More informationProfessor David J Mellor Professor Kevin J Stafford Co-Directors
Professor David J Mellor Professor Kevin J Stafford Co-Directors Collaborating Centre for Animal Welfare Science and Bioethical Analysis: Founding Partner http://animalwelfare.massey.ac.nz Evolving Veterinary
More informationSincerely, Patrick Melese MA, DVM, DACVB (Behavior) and the staff of the Veterinary Behavior Consultants.
Dear Colleague: Thank you for your request for referral supplies to help clients obtain specialty veterinary behavioral medicine services. For 30 years now (VBC) has been seeing clients with companion
More informationSchool of Veterinary Sciences Dr Louisa Slingsby
School of Veterinary Sciences Dr Louisa Slingsby So you want to be a vet? Remember: There are many jobs that involve working with and for the benefit of animals that are not being a vet Most people only
More informationOverview of the OIE PVS Pathway
Overview of the OIE PVS Pathway Regional Seminar for OIE National Focal Points for Animal Production Food Safety Hanoi, Vietnam, 24-26 June 2014 Dr Agnes Poirier OIE Sub-Regional Representation for South-East
More informationBVA GUIDE TO THE MEDIA FOR VETS Promoting your work and our profession to local audiences. January 2019
BVA GUIDE TO THE MEDIA FOR VETS Promoting your work and our profession to local audiences January 2019 Vets and the local media What s in this guide? Local media coverage can be a great way to promote
More informationVeterinary Students as Global Citizens. Workshop for the Vet Ed Symposium, Edinburgh 2012
Veterinary Students as Global Citizens Workshop for the Vet Ed Symposium, Edinburgh 2012 Aims of project Develop and test methods to embed global perspectives in the training of professionals three communities
More informationSpeaking notes submitted by Dr. Duane Landals. on behalf of the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association (CVMA)
339, rue Booth Street Ottawa (Ontario) K1R 7K1 t (800) 567-2862 f (613) 236-9681 admin@cvma-acmv.org Speaking notes submitted by Dr. Duane Landals on behalf of the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association
More informationHousing on the Fountainbridge site
Housing on the Fountainbridge site Discussion Paper for Sounding Board 30/7/2013 1 Introduction 1.1 The overall aim of FCI is to campaign for, promote, and support, the creation of a new sustainable canalside
More informationUse of the courtesy title 'Dr' by RCVS-registered veterinary surgeons
Use of the courtesy title 'Dr' by RCVS-registered veterinary surgeons Introduction We would like to consult veterinary surgeons, veterinary nurses and the general public on the proposal that all veterinary
More informationVETCEE Veterinary Continuing Education in Europe
VETCEE Veterinary Continuing Education in Europe Report to FEEVA General Assembly VIENNA November 28th 292 Andrew Byrne Chairman VETCEE andrew@brayvet.com VETCEE Veterinary Continuing Education in Europe
More informationCONTINUING EDUCATION AND INCORPORATION OF THE ONE HEALTH CONCEPT
CONTINUING EDUCATION AND INCORPORATION OF THE ONE HEALTH CONCEPT M. Farnham 1, W. Hueston 2 Original: English Summary: Sixteen Members of the OIE Regional Commission for the Middle East responded to a
More informationContact Person: Dr Samuel Kahariri; Dr Samuel Makumi;
THE KENYA VETERINARY ASSOCIATION Head Office Veterinary Research Labs, Kabete P.O. Box 28089 Kangemi 00625 Nairobi, Telephone: +254 (20) 808 5685, Mobile: +254 (727) 680 022, Email: info@kenyavetassociation.com;
More informationOBJECTIVE: PROFILE OF THE APPLICANT:
CENTER OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Doctor in Veterinary Medicine OBJECTIVE: To train doctors in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry with a humane formation, reflective, socially responsible, and capable
More informationSAVMA GUIDE YOUR FOUNDATION FOR SUCCESS. Student American Veterinary Medical Association
Student American Veterinary Medical Association SAVMA 2015 2016 GUIDE YOUR FOUNDATION FOR SUCCESS WHAT IS SAVMA? what is SAVMA? WHAT IS SAVMA? Student American Veterinary Medical Association (SAVMA) Student
More informationNorthern Ireland Branch. The veterinary profession s manifesto for Northern Ireland A call to action for politicians and policymakers
Northern Ireland Branch The veterinary profession s manifesto for Northern Ireland 2016 2021 A call to action for politicians and policymakers Vets at the heart of a One Health government agenda 2016
More informationJefferson County High School Course Syllabus
A. Course Large Animal Science B. Department CTE- Agriculture C. Course Description Jefferson County High School Course Syllabus Large Animal Science is an applied course in veterinary and animal science
More informationWould cat clients choose your clinic? Find out how to improve and convey your cat friendly credentials and how to become a Cat Friendly Clinic
for life Would cat clients choose your clinic? Find out how to improve and convey your cat friendly credentials and how to become a Cat Friendly Clinic Committed to ISFM making & PURINA cats lives committed
More information2013 AVMA Veterinary Workforce Summit. Workforce Research Plan Details
2013 AVMA Veterinary Workforce Summit Workforce Research Plan Details If the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) says the profession is experiencing a 12.5 percent excess capacity in veterinary
More informationBHC Mentor Information Sheet
BHC Mentor Information Sheet Please use the information below to identify the type of assistance that you require. Each of the mentors have identified the areas in which they can help and the matrix below
More informationCertificate Program in Canine Hydrotherapy
Certificate Program in Canine Hydrotherapy 2 What is Canine Hydrotherapy? Canine Hydrotherapy is a rapidly growing industry in Australia. It offers dogs the chance to move better, feel better, be fitter
More informationVETERINARY SCIENCE IN AUSTRALIA Information for Overseas Qualified Veterinarians
VETERINARY SCIENCE IN AUSTRALIA Information for Overseas Qualified Veterinarians November 2016 INTRODUCTION This booklet has been prepared by the Australasian Veterinary Boards Council Inc for the information
More informationSkin Diseases of Exotic Pets
Skin Diseases of Exotic Pets Skin Diseases of Exotic Pets Edited by Sue Paterson MA VetMB DVD Dip ECVD MRCVS RCVS and European Specialist in Veterinary Dermatology Rutland House Veterinary Hospital, St
More informationRURAL VETERINARY PRACTICE IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA 1964 to 2007
RURAL VETERINARY PRACTICE IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA 1964 to 2007 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from MURDOCH UNIVERSITY by John Alexander Loftus Maxwell, B.V.Sc., M.V.S., M.A.C.V.Sc.,
More informationA Career in Veterinary Medicine canadianveterinarians.net. Becoming a Veterinarian. The Profession
Becoming a Veterinarian SO YOU LIKE ANIMALS? That s a start. But it is only a start if you re interested in a career in veterinary medicine. Veterinarians are far more than people with a fondness for animals.
More informationWelcome! Your interest in the veterinary technology program at ACC is greatly appreciated. AS a recently AVMA accredited program there are many
Welcome! Your interest in the veterinary technology program at ACC is greatly appreciated. AS a recently AVMA accredited program there are many exciting possibilities ahead. You can be a part of this growing
More informationCertificate Program in Canine Remedial Massage
Certificate Program in Canine Remedial Massage 2 What is Canine Remedial Massage? Canine Remedial Massage is a rapidly growing industry in Australia. It offers dogs the chance to move better, feel better
More informationTowards an understanding of the veterinary profession: A manifesto for social science and ethics (post-conference version)
Towards an understanding of the veterinary profession: A manifesto for social science and ethics (post-conference version) Pru Hobson-West Centre for Applied Bioethics 20 th May 2016 Outline Background
More informationLevel 3 Award in Implantation of Identification Microchips in Animals VSMI001 Qualification Handbook
Level 3 Award in Implantation of Identification Microchips in Animals VSMI001 Qualification Handbook July 2015 Version 1.3 Copyright Vet Skill Ltd, 01/05/2015 Contents Section Form Page 1 Introduction
More informationPoster Abstracts. Primary Care Veterinary Educators Symposium
Poster Abstracts Primary Care Veterinary Educators Symposium Thursday, October 15 th - Sunday, October 18 th, 2015 Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, VA Acquisition of Abdominal Palpation
More informationAVMA 2015 Report on the Market for Veterinarians
AVMA 2015 Report on the Market for Veterinarians In 2011, the AVMA made a commitment to move beyond its traditional ad hoc workforce studies and establish an economics division with the charge of providing
More informationNon-Clinical Benefits of Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine
Non-Clinical Benefits of Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine A Knowledge Summary by Sarah Hauser BSc (Hons) MPA MPP 1* Elizabeth L. Jackson BAg (Hons) MBA PhD SFHEA 1 1 Royal Veterinary College, 4 Royal
More informationInternational Shelter Programme for Applied Canine Studies (ISPACS)
Page 1 International Shelter Programme for Applied Canine Studies (ISPACS) Understanding Real-Life Skills Improving Staff Skills Positive practices Meeting the needs of Rescue Centre staff and dogs Improving
More informationIndian Veterinary Research Institute
RESULTS-FRAMEWORK DOCUMENT (RFD) for Indian Veterinary Research Institute (201-2014) Address : Izatnagar 24 122, Uttar Pradesh Website Id: www.ivri.nic.in Section 1: Vision, Mission, Objectives and Functions
More informationA-FAVP.1 Foundations of Advanced Veterinary Practice
A-FAVP.1 Foundations of Advanced Veterinary Practice Credits: Provider: 10 (100 hours) Veterinary Postgraduate Unit School of Veterinary Science RCVS Content Covered Conceptual Outline The scope of the
More informationEvolution of the Animal Welfare Movement: Meeting the Needs of Rapidly Changing Communities Part 1. Heather J. Cammisa, CAWA President & CEO
Evolution of the Animal Welfare Movement: Meeting the Needs of Rapidly Changing Communities Part 1 Heather J. Cammisa, CAWA President & CEO 10 years ago Many years ago Four years ago Today Trends, Momentum
More informationNURSES CERTIFICATE IN ANAESTHESIA Become ESVPS-certified in Anaesthesia for nurses. Venue: Break Sokos Hotel Flamingo, Vantaa, Finland
NURSES CERTIFICATE IN ANAESTHESIA 2017 2018 Become ESVPS-certified in Anaesthesia for nurses. Venue: Break Sokos Hotel Flamingo, Vantaa, Finland Modular Course consisting of four two day modules and five
More informationClick on this link if you graduated from veterinary medical school prior to August 1999:
Please participate in an online survey of veterinarians that takes approximately 20 minutes to complete and asks you about the type of veterinary work you do and your attitudes about that work. The results
More informationHigher National Unit Specification. General information for centres. Unit code: F3V4 34
Higher National Unit Specification General information for centres Unit title: Dog Training Unit code: F3V4 34 Unit purpose: This Unit provides knowledge and understanding of how dogs learn and how this
More informationVeterinary Education in Africa
Aaron S. Mweene School of Veterinary Medicine University of Zambia & Member of the OIE ad hoc Group on Veterinary Education Veterinary Education in Africa VEEs in AFRICA Senegal Guinea Morocco 4 Algeria
More informationStronger Together Minnesota Dairy Growth Summit February 9 th, Trevor Ames DVM MS DACVIM Professor and Dean
Stronger Together Minnesota Dairy Growth Summit February 9 th, 2015 Trevor Ames DVM MS DACVIM Professor and Dean College of Veterinary Medicine Land Grant Mission of Ensuring: Healthier Animals, Healthier
More informationExecutive Summary WILLIAM PATRICK HOWEY
Executive Summary WILLIAM PATRICK HOWEY DOB: 22/11/42 Nationality British & Australian Status Married. 2 Adult Children Current Address 2 Shaw Street Scone NSW 2337 Australia Telephone/FAX +61 2 6545 1859
More informationThe Application of Animal Welfare Ethics Student Activities
Module 12 The Application of Animal Welfare Ethics Questions 1. Briefly explain the difference between equal consideration of interests and a sliding scale of moral status for different species. (4 marks)
More informationESEVT Indicators. European Association of Establishments for Veterinary Education
European Association of Establishments for Veterinary Education Association Europe enne des Etablissements d'enseignement Ve te rinaire Introduction ESEVT Indicators 1. Indicators are to be used in a non-prescriptive
More informationLaminitis, A Contribution To Veterinary Pathology
Laminitis, A Contribution To Veterinary Pathology If you are looking for a ebook Laminitis, a contribution to veterinary pathology in pdf form, in that case you come on to the correct website. We furnish
More informationCNIB s Guide Dog Program. Mobility. Independence. Partnership.
CNIB s Guide Dog Program Mobility. Independence. Partnership. Sight Loss Changes Everything I am more engaged in the world, and my guide dog Tiffany has given me a freedom of spirit that I hadn t had since
More informationTo protect animal welfare and public health and safety
To protect animal welfare and public health and safety The Dog Meat Trade in Indonesia: A Cruel and Dangerous Trade Every year, millions of dogs are captured and stolen to be transported throughout Indonesia
More informationWORLD ANTIBIOTIC AWARENESS WEEK
# AntibioticResistance WORLD ANTIBIOTIC AWARENESS WEEK 14-20 NOVEMBER 2016 2016 CAMPAIGN TOOLKIT TABLE OF CONTENTS Why we need a global campagin... Campagin objectives... Key messages... Calls to action
More informationDog training and behaviour skills: program overview
For more info Call KAYE (03) 9489 5095 0477 975 012 2015 Wagging School Dog Training and Behaviour Skills Program Dog and behaviour skills: program overview - offering you the opportunity to develop your
More informationSOAR Research Proposal Summer How do sand boas capture prey they can t see?
SOAR Research Proposal Summer 2016 How do sand boas capture prey they can t see? Faculty Mentor: Dr. Frances Irish, Assistant Professor of Biological Sciences Project start date and duration: May 31, 2016
More informationCONSTRUCTION OF VETERINARY HOSPITAL COMPLEX
ANNEXURE A: FUNCTIONAL DESIGN BRIEF CAFF has expanded in terms of the number of programmes and students since it was founded. The College is consistently rated for the high quality of its teaching and
More informationDealing with dairy cow lameness applying knowledge on farm
Vet Times The website for the veterinary profession https://www.vettimes.co.uk Dealing with dairy cow lameness applying knowledge on farm Author : James Dixon Categories : Farm animal, Vets Date : March
More informationCanadian Standards of Care in Animal Shelters: Supporting ASV Guidelines
Canadian Standards of Care in Animal Shelters: Supporting ASV Guidelines Facilitated and published by the Canadian Advisory Council on National Shelter Standards Authors: Dr. Esther Attard, Kathy Duncan,
More informationVETERINARY CLINICAL SCIENCES (V C S)
Veterinary Clinical Sciences (V C S) 1 VETERINARY CLINICAL SCIENCES (V C S) Courses primarily for professional curriculum students: V C S 305: Shelter Medicine Cr. 1. S. Prereq: First year classification
More informationhttp://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos076.htm Veterinarians Nature of the Work Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement Employment Job Outlook Projections Data Earnings OES Data Related Occupations Sources
More informationInternational Veterinary Acupuncture Society
International Veterinary Acupuncture Society SETTING THE GLOBAL STANDARD IN VETERINARY ACUPUNCTURE SINCE 1974 BECOME CERTIFIED IN VETERINARY ACUPUNCTURE WWW.IVAS.ORG LEARN BY DOING! UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL!
More information