Diospyros mollis Griff Ebony Tree EBENACEAE

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1 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก Diospyros mollis Griff Ebony Tree EBENACEAE ( - ), ก ( ), ก ก ก ก ก ( ), ก ก ( - ), ก ( ) ก

2 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 30 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 5-10 ก ก ก ก ก ก 3 ก ก ก ก ก ก 4 ก 6-8 ก ก ก ก 1-2 ก ก ก 4 ก ก 8-10 ก ก ก ก ก ก 2 ก 4 ก ก ก ก

3 2 ก ก ก (ก ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก

4 3 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ก ก ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ก ก ) ก ก ก ก ก Diglucoside diospyrol tetrahydroxy dimethyl binapthalene ก " ก " ก diospyrol ก alpha betanaphthol ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1. ก Toxicara canis Ancyclostoma canium ก 2 ก 1.9 ก /ก ก Schistosoma masoni Hymenolepus nana ก (Luttermoser, 1957 ) ก acetate ก Ancyclostoma canium, Diphyllobothrium latum, Dipyridium canium, Trichuris vulpis (Mokkhasmit, 1960)

5 2. ก ก ก diospyrol diglucoside ก ก ก (Sen, et.al., 1974) 3. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 63 ก 4,380 ก ก 3,000 ก 3 / ก ก 9 กก Willis 22 ก ก ก ก ก ก 40 ก ก ก Ascaris lumbricodes Trichuris trichicura ก ก hexylresorcinol ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2-4 ก ก ก (Sadun & Vajrasthira, 1954) ก ก ก ก ก กก acetic acid ก ก ก ก 0.1 ก / 1 ก ก ก Ancylostoma duodenale Necator americanus 6 Ascaris lumbricodes, Enterobius vermicularis, Strongloides steroralis, Fasciolopis buski 2 Taenia saginata T. solium (Mokkhasmit & Pengsritong, 1967) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 50 ก /ก ก 10 ก ก tetracholrethylene ก 0.1 ก / ก ก ก % tetracholrethylene % ก ก 50.0% 77.3% ก ก ก (Migasena, et.al., 1967) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 4

6 ก ก ก (Srinophakun, et.al., 1974) ก ก ก ก ก 50 ก /ก ก ก ก ก mebendazole 2.0 ก 3 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก % ก ก % mebendazole 86.6% ก 98.1% 77.4% ก ก 32.4, % (Unhanand, et.al., 1978) ก ก ก ก ก ก Combantrin ก ก ก 80.1% ก ก 22.2% Combantrin ก 78.7% 100% ก ก % (Sen, et.al., 1974) ก ก 80%,, (Jongsuwatt, et.al., 1984) 4. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 16 ก ก ก ก 800 ก /ก ก ก ก 40 ก /ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (LD50) ก LD50 64 ก ก (Unhanand, et.al., 1982) ก ก ก (subchronic toxicity) ก 128 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 20 ก ก ก ก ก 14 ก ก ก ก ก 5 10 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 5

7 1-3 ก (BUN) ก ก ก ก ก 3 7 ก ก ก (Unhanand, et.al., 1982) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Chotibure,et.al., 1981) ก 3 ก ก ก 1, 10, LD50 = BUN GOT (Srisajjalerdvaja, 1980) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 5. ก ก ก ก ก 10 ก ก ก 2 ก ก 10 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 60 ก ก ก ก (, 2525) ก ก ก acetate ก ก Mist alba ก ก ก ก ก 26 ก ก 2 ก ก ก ก (Mokkhasmit, 1960) ก ก 43 ก ก ก 20 ก ก ก 2521 ก 3 ก ก ก ก 6 ก ก 2 ก 2 7 ก 5 ก 4 ก ก 6

8 nicotinic acid tablet 150 ก 300 ก / ก ก / xanthinol nicotinate (complanin) 450 ก 900 ก / ก ก ก ก ก 5 ก ก 4-6 ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Limpaphayom, et.al., 1977) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 7 ก (Limpaphayom, et.al., 1981) 2523 ก ก ก 2 ก ก ก ก 26 ก 2 ก ก ก 2 ก 6 ก 24 ก ก ก ก ก 3 ก 5 ก (Kitcharoen & Wiriyalappa, 1980) ก ก ก ก ก (Konsomboon, 1979) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก diglucoside ก ก ก (Borsub, 1976) ก ก ก ก diospyrol ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก phenolic ก ก ก ก กก ก ก 7

9 8 ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ) diospyrol diglucoside (1 1 ก 25 ) ก ก ก (2 ก 1 ) ก 3 ก 2 ก ก ก 1. ก ก ก ก 10 ก 6 ก ก ก ก ก 2. ก ก 3. ก ก ก ก ( ก 25 ) 4. ก ก 5. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 6. ก ก 7. ก ก ก ก ก 8. ก ก ก diospyrol ก ก ก phenolic 11. ก ก ก ก 24

10 9 1. ก ก ก ก 1 ก 1 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1. ก 1.1 ก ก ก ก ก 1.2 ก ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก 2 3 ก 1.3 ก 1 ก ก ก 2 3 ก ก 8 ก 3 ก ก

11 1 ก ก 1 ก ก ก 2 3 ก 2. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 3. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1 ก ก ก 4 2 ก 4. ก ก ก 1 ก ก ก ก 5. ก ก ก ( ก ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ก ก ก ก 30 ก ก ) ก ก ก ( ก ก ก ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2 3 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2 3 ก ก ก ก 2 3 ก ก 10

12 11 6. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 7. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 7 ก ก 8. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก 1 1 ก ก 6 4 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 4 4

13 12 ก ก ก ก ก 5 4 ก ก 5 4 ก 4 5 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2-3 ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1:2 1-2 ก ก ก ก 1 ก ก 30 ก 150 ก ก

14 ก 5 ก ก ก 1 2 ก 70% 20.. ก 10 ก 10% ก ก ก ก กก ก 2 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 3. ก 3.1 ก ก ก ก ก ก 3.2 ก ก ก ก 3.3 ก ก ก ก ก ก 4. ก ก 2 ก ก ก 4.1 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 4.2 ก ก ก ก ก ก - ก ก ก ก - 30 ( ก ) - ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 13

15 14 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ) ก ก 5-6 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ก 1. ก ก ก ก ก 2. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก - ก ก ก ก 1. ก ก 2. ก ก ก 1.10 ก ก ก ก ก 3.50 ก ก 6 ก ก ก ก 3-4 ก ก ก ก ก

16 15 3. ก ก ก ก ก ก 4. ก ก ก ก 1 ก ก ก ก ก x6-8 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 6. ก ก ก ก 1-2 ก ก ก ก ( ก) 2 ก ก 1

17 16 ก ก ก ก ก 20 ก ก 1 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1. ก 30x30x30 2. ก ก ก ก 1 ก ก ก ก 3. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 3 ก 3 ก ก ก 1. ก ก ก ก ก ก 2 2 ก ก 2 3. ก ก 1 ก 4. ก 5. ก 2 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1-2 ก - ก 1. ก ก 15 ก 2. ก, ก ก ก 9 3. ก ก 13

18 17 ก ก ก. ก : ก ก. ก, ก : ก. ก : ก ก ก. ( ). ก ก ก, ก ก ก ก ก, ก ก ก. ก :. ก ก. ก : ก ก. ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก, ก. ก ก ก :. Borsub L, Thebtaranonth Y, Ruchirawat S, Sadavongvivad C A new diglucoside from the anthelmintic berries of Diospyros mollis. Tetrahedron Lett. Chotibure S, Rasmidatta S, Lawtiantong T, Kanchanaranya C Toxic effect of Maklua (Diospyros mollis), a local Thai antithelmintic. J Med Assoc Thailand. Daengswang S, Mangalasmaya M A record of some cases of human infestation with Fasciolopsis buskii occurring in Thailand. Ann Trop Med Parasit, Thailand.

19 18 Jongsuwatt U, Kukongviriyapan V, Kongsaktrakoon J, Tesena S, Hahnvajanawong V, Chantaranothai P Effect of Diospyros mollis on isolated rat ileum. Symposium on Sciences and Technology of Thailand 10th, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Kitcharoen P, Wiriyalappa C Blindness from Maklua: Clinical reports of 2 patients. Chiang Mai Med Bull. Konsomboon S Blindness from Maklua. Bull Dep Med Serv, Thailand. Limpaphayom P, Wangspa S, Lilapatana P Optic atrophy from Maklua: a case report. Siriraj Hospital. Gaz.. Limpaphayom P, Wangsapha S, Sinjermsiri J Treatment of optic neuritis caused by Maklue. Bull Dep Med Serv, Thailand. Luttermoser GW, Bond HW Anthelmintic activity of the fruits of Diospyros mollis and tests for activity of other persimmons. Proc Helminthol Soc. Migasena S, Suntharasamai P, Inkatanuvat S, Chindanond D, Harinasuta T The clinical trial of Makluea (Diospyros mollis) extract in human hookworm infection. Report of the Faculty of tropical Medicine, Mahidol Unv, Bangkok, Thailand. Mokkhasmit M Study on the anthelmintic activity of Maklua. Bull Dep Med Sci, Thailand. Mokkhasmit M, Pengsritong K Anthelmintic efficient in man and dog. Ibid. Sadun EH, Vajrasthira S The effect of Maklua (Diospyros mollis) in the treatment of human hookworm. Parasitology. Sen HG, Toshi BS, Parthasarathy PC, Kamat VN Anthelmintic efficacy of diospyrol and its derivatives. Arzeneim-Forsch. Srinophakun S, Jayaniyayothin T, Kijwunnee S, Utsaha B Report on the treatment of hookworm with Maklua juice. Ministry of Public Health, Thailand.

20 19 Srinophakun S, Seedonrusmi T, Jeradit C, Nilapan S Study on the efficacy of an alcohol extract substance from Ma-Klua (Diospyros mollis) against hookworm, Ascaris and Trichuris infections. J Parasit Trop Med Assoc, Thailand. Srisajjalerdvaja L Study on pathological changes induced by various froms and dosages of Maklua (Diospyros mollis) in experimental mice. M. Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University. Unhanand M, Ngamwat W, Permpipat U, et al. II Study on the toxicity of Ma-klue berry juice mixed with coconut milk. Bull Dep Med Sci, Thailand. Unhanand M, Ngamwat W, Permpipat U, et al. I Study on the toxicity of Ma-klua (Diospyros mollis Griff) used as a tradtional anthelmintic in Thailand. Bull Dep Med Sci, Thailand. Unhanand M, Srinophankul S, Sidalarusamee T, Jeeradista C, Nilapunthu S, Sathitayathai A Clinical trial on the efficacy of Maklua for treatement of Ascaris, hookworm and Trichuris. Communicable Disease J, Thailand.

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