Contributions to the knowledge of the Branchiopoda (Crustacea) fauna of Mongolia*

Transcription

1 ANNALES HIS TORICO-NATURALES MUSEI NATIONALIS H UNGAR IC I Tomus 76. Budapest, 1984 p Contributions to the knowledge of the Branchiopoda (Crustacea) fauna of Mongolia* by J. BRTEK, Bojnice/CSSR, L. FORRÓ, Budapest & J. E. PONYI. Tihany/Hungary Abstract Present paper contains records of 29 Branchiopoda species: 2 Anostraca, 2 Notostraca, 2 Conchostraca and 23 Cladocera. With 50 figures. Researchs on the Crustacean fauna of the inland waters of Mongolia started already in the second part of the last century, that is this region has been subject to scientific studies already at the beginning of faunistical works outside Europe. Though the fauna of the Holarctic is considered to be relatively well known still there are large areas in the Eastern part about which we have scattered data only. We publish this in the hope that it represents a real contribution to a better knowledge of the Mongolian Branchiopoda. The present paper reports 29 species from 20 localities in Mongolia, collected by Z. KASZAB, Zs. PEREGI, K. HENSEL and L. JEDLIŐKA. The Anostraca, Notostraca and Conchostraca material were identified by J. BRTEK, the Cladocera by L. FORRÓ and J. E. PONYI. Out of the 23 Cladocera species here recorded Wlassicsia pannonia and Moina cf. belli were most surprising. There were found some differences in the morphology of M. cf. belli, we intend to scrutinize it in the near future. He * * Acknowledgement We are very much indebted to the collectors of the material investigated, Drs. Z. KASZAB, Zs. PEREGI, K. HENSEL and L. JEDLIÖKA kindly provided us with material for identification. LIST OF LOCALITIES The items 1-7 of this list are the localities, where KASZAB took his samples, detailed descriptions of those habitats have been published by KASZAB ( ) in his collecting reports. 1. Central aimak: Lager am Fluss Kerulen, 45 km O von Somon Bajandelger, 1340 m, 27. VII Nr. 307, leg. KASZAB 2. Suchebaator aimak: Chudatin-bulan, 60 km N von Somon Bajanterem, 950 m, 1. VIII Nr. 343, leg. KASZAB 3. Cojbalsan aimak: Fluss Kerulen bei Cojbalsan, 700 m, 16. VIII Nr. 422, leg. KASZAB 4. Cojbalsan aimak: Fluss Gal gol, 53 km NW von Cojbalsan, 650 m, 17. VIII Nr. 427, leg. KASZAB 5. Chentej aimak: 20 km SW von Somon Norovlin, 900 m, 19. VIII Nr. 448, leg. KASZAB 6. Central aimak: Lager am Fluss Kerulen, 45 km O von Somon Bajandelger, 1340 m, 25. VIII Nr. 479, leg. KASZAB 7. Uvs aimak: Am See Bag nuur, 6 km von Somon Zuungobi, 1000 m, 25. VI Nr. 1017, leg. KASZAB 8. Mongolia, 5 km O von Ulanbaatar, 19. VI. 1970, leg. PEREGI 9. Mongolia, 100 km von Cojbalsan, Tümpel neben der Landstrasse zwischen Cojbalsan und Barumuit, 15. VIII. 1970, leg. PEREGI 10. Mongolia, Ulanbaatar, 3 km O von Erholungsheim, Tola-Tal, 30. V. 1971, leg. PEREGI 11. Mongolia, Salzseen bei Dzingiskhahn", 12. VII. 1970, leg. PEREGI 12. Mongolia, 1 km NW von Cojbalsan, 11. VI. 1970, leg. PEREGI 13. Mongolia, Ulanbaatar, östlich vom Erholungsheim, Tola-Tal, 7. VII. 1970, leg. PEREGI 14. Mongolia, Ulanbaatar, Tümpel vordem Kloster-Museum, 3. IX. 1961, leg. HENSEL * Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von DR. Z. KASZAB in der Mongolei, Nr. 489.

2 15. Mongolia, Bulgan aimak: zwischen Bulgan und Mörön, N vom Fluss Selenga, Chairchan nur (Mirabilit-See), 8. VIII. 1976, leg. JEDLICKA 16. Mongolia, Bulgan aimak: Selenga Somon, 1. Terrasse des Flusses Selenga, Tümpel an der Steppenstrasse, 1. VIII. 1976, leg. JEDLICKA 17. Same locality, (2. Tümpel), 3. VIII. 1976, leg. JEDLICKA 18. Same locality, (3. Tümpel), 3. VIII. 1976, leg. JEDLICKA 19. Same locality, (4. Tümpel), 3. VIII. 1976, leg. JEDLICKA 20. Same locality, (5. Tümpel), 3. VIII. 1976, leg. JEDLICKA LIST OF SPECIES The number(s) behind each species refer to the locality numbers given above. ANOSTRACA Branchinecta orientális SARS, 1901: 12, 15 Branchipodopsis affinis SARS, 1901: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. NOTOSTRACA Triops granarius (LUCAS, 1864): 1, 8, 11, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20. Lepidurus couesii PACKARD, 1875: 10, 13 CONCHOSTRACA Eocyzicus davidi (SIMON, 1886): 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. Lynceus dauricus THIELE, 1907: 2, 3, 6. CLADOCERA Daphnia similis CLAUS, 1876: 1. Daphnia atkinsoni BAIRD, 1859: 3. Daphnia pulex LEYDIG, 1860, emend. SCOURFIELD, 1942: 10. Daphnia pulicaria FORBES, emend. Hrbácek, 1959: 10. Daphnia curvirostris EYLMANN, 1887, emend. JOHNSON, 1952: 5. Ceriodaphnia reticulata (JURINE, 1820): 7. Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (O. F. MÜLLER, 1785): 1. Ceriodaphnia dubia RICHARD, 1894: 1, 6. Ceriodaphnia cornuta SARS, 1885: 6. Simocephalus vetulus elizabethae (KING, 1853): 3, 7. Simocephalus exspinosus (KOCH, 1841): 1, 7, 10. Megafenestra aurita (FISCHER, 1849): 6. Scapholeberis rammneri DUMONT et PENSAERT, 1983: 5, 7. Moina brachiata (JURINE, 1820): 1, 6. Moina macrocopa macrocopa (STRAUS, 1820) : 1. Moina cf. belli GURNEY, 1904: 1, 3, 6. Wlassicsia pannonica DAD AY, 1903: 6. Acroperus harpae (BAIRD, 1835): 7. Oxyure lia tenuicaudis (SARS, 1862): 7. Pleuroxus truncatus (O. F. MÜLLER, 1785): 7. Pleuroxus trigonellus (O. F. MÜLLER, 1785): 7. Pleuroxus aduncus (JURINE, 1820): 7. Chydorus sphaericus s. 1. (O. F. MÜLLER, 1785): 5, 7.

3 NOTES ON SELECTED SPECIES Branchinecta orientális SARS, 1901 (Figs. 2 5) There was found in PEREGI'S material (Nr. 12) a male as large as 35 mm together with specimens of standard size (males mm).* The male is somewhat reminiscent of B.ferox because of its body size and of the shape and armature of the furca (Fig. 4). Since the characters for a reliable distinction were not sufficiently clarified in the past, the finding of such individuals has led to the decision, that B. orientális is a synonym of the variable B. ferox. On the other hand it was necessary to revise the records of B. ferox from the Asiatic part of the USSR. In the case of females of small and large size the principal characters the shape of the antenna and that of the ovisac are constant. The most reliable feature for distinguishing males of both species is the structure of the penis: in B. orientális the basal part is short with a remarkably long thorn-like outgrowth directed inwards, it is as long as the soft Fig. 1. Branchinecta ferox (MILNE-EDWARDS): protruded penis (South Slovakia). Figs Branchinecta orientális SARS : 2 = protruded penis (N. E. Austria), 3 = less protruded penis (Cojbalsan), 4 = furca of male (of corporal size 35 mm), 5 = furca of male (of corporal size 13 mm). Figs Branchipodopsis affinis SARS: 6 = ventral spines on the last abdominal segment of male, 7 = lateral view of ventral spines on last abdominal segment of male, 8 = same as Fig. 7 in greater magnification, normal duplication, 9 = same as Fig. 8, abnormal duplication in the same specimen, 10 = protruded penis, 11 = male antenna, seen from above, 12 = male antenna in lateral view, 13 = head of juvenile male, seen from above, 14 = head of subadult male, seen from above, 15 = = head of adult male, seen from above, 16 = variability of the basal antennái processes in 12 adult males * Such a splitting of a population, when in the same sample two distinctly different size groups appear without intermediary size, has often been observed in other Anostraca species from vernal temporary pools and also in spring species of Calanoida in samples from the lowlands of Slovakia and Hungary.

4 retractile part of the penis, reaching far over the lateral warts of this part of the penis (Figs. 2-3); in B. ferox the thorn on the basal part of the penis is short, its length is about the half of the distance between its base and the warts of the retractile part of the penis (Fig. 1). Branchipodopsis affinis SARS, 1901 (Figs. 6 16) - Mongolobranchipus talko-hryncewiszi DYBOWSKI, 1928; =? Branchipodopsis ter-pogossiani SMIRNOV, 1936; =? Branchinecta acathopenes MALHOTRA, et DUDA, 1970 All of the specimens examined show relatively small variability in the structure and shape of the terminal segments of the male antenna.* SMIRNOV (1938) described a closely related species of Branchipodopsis ter-pogossiani, differing from B. affinis by a less twisted terminal segment of the antenna and by the shape of the clypeus. Another related species, B. acanthopenes, was described by MALHOTRA and DUDA (1970) from Kashmir (They placed it by mistake into the genus Branchinecta). TIWARI (1972) supposed that this species is a synonym of B. affinis. Unfortunately, both the description and the illustrations of B. acanthopenes are inexact and unsatisfactory. This species diners from B. affinis by a less twisted terminal segment of the antenna and by a different ending of this segment: on the illustration the end of this segment is widened and bluntly cut off. It seems that the antenna of B. affinis cannot have this shape in any twisting. The differences or the similarities of the three species mentioned above will only be clarified after examination of specimens from Kashmir and from Armenia. Lepidurus couesii PACKARD, 1875 (Fig. 39) = Lepidurus macrurus LILLJEBORG, 1877 The identity of L. couesii and L. macrurus was shown by LINDER (1952). However, LONGHURST (1955) and many authors subsequent to him consider L. couesii and L. macrurus as synonyms of L. apus (LINNAEUS, 1758). Both species, L. apus ( = L. product us Bosc) and L. couesii (=L. macrurus), markedly differ in several respects. The most important and so far unmentioned distinctive character between the two species is the shape of the exopodit of the first leg which in L. apus is elongated only distally while in L. couesii it is elongated distally and proximally, as well (Figs ). Eocyzicus davidi (SIMON, 1886) (Figs ) (=? Eocyzicus bouvieri DADAY, 1914; =? Eocyzicus mongoliens UENO, 1927) SIMON described this species as Estheria davidi. In his monograph DADAY (1914) placed it into the genus Caenestheria. DADAY ( ) in the first and so far the only comprehensive monograph on Conchostraca used also some mistaken, exaggerated taxonomical criteria. This is quite understandable in the case of a first world revision and it is expected that in further revisions of the system the errors will be removed. But, in spite of the fact that many authors submitted DADAY'S monograph to sharp criticism and pointed out the inacceptibility of some of the distinctive characters DADAY put down for individual genera, * In comparing the shapes of the terminal segments of the antenna it should be borne in mind that its shape in most Anostraca often changes even in moderate twisting, it is why in comparative studies a standard position should be found.

5 subgenera and species because they are variable, none of them corrected the system. Thus, DADAY'S system is almost unchanged and is used up to the present, and the description of "new species" on the basis of the criticised variable characters only further complicates the situation. The taxonomy of the European Conchostraca was clarified by STRASKRABA (1962, 1965, 1966) and on this occasion he also dealt with the validity of the genera in the family Cyzicidae. It seems that in the Cyzicidae the features Daday used for establishing genera (rostrum, occipital angle of the head) are suitable only for distinguishing species. After the elimination of the variable rostrum in males there remains for distinction of genera the shape of the occipital angle of the head a character the taxonomical value of which will have to be checked. It is quite possible that this family includes only one genus Cyzicus; in the meantime we admit, within the framework of the family, the existence of two genera: Cyzicus AUD. (including Caenestheriella DAD.) and Eocyzicus DAD. (including Caenestheria DAD.). The females of E. davidi along with E. bouvieri DADAY, 1914 differ clearly from the other species of the family by broad dorsal processes of the abdominal segments which are remarkably broad especially on the segments of the central part of the armature where in well preserved material they touch mutually and form a continuous keel. E. davidi and E. bouvieri differ mutually in that the shells of E. davidi form a clear angle on the hind upper corner of the shell, while in E. bouvieri the dorsal edge of the shell enters the hind edge without a visible limit. Some of the specimens from Mongolia form a transition between the above formations by the structure of the shell and the armature of the abdominal segments, and it is possible that after a thorough examination of the variability, E. bouvieri will prove to be synonymous with E. davidi. So far, up to the publication of the present contri- Figs Eocyzicus davidi (SIMON): 17 = female, shell with the hind upper angle, 18 = female, shell without the hind upper angle, 19 = male shell, 20 = male, shape of the head, 21 = female, shape of the head, 22 = female, shape of the head in another specimen, 23 = clasper of the first adhesive leg, 24 = clasper of the second adhesive leg, 25 = last 20 body segments of female

6 but ion we have not succeeded in acquiring any material or an original description of E. mongolianus UENO, Judging by the description and illustrations of this species by UENO (1935), E. mongolianus could be synonymous with E. davidi. Lynceus dauricus THIELE, 1907 (Figs ) In our material the shape of the lamina abdominalis differs from the figure in DAD AY'S monograph, where it is shown in the shape of a palm with 5 extended fingers. In our specimens the lamina abdominalis is oval, at the ventro-distal edge with three outgrowths of which the lowest is broad, the shape is an equilateral triangle, the next above has the shape of a narrow high triangle while the third is long, slim and ovally rounded towards the ventral side; the dorsal outgrowths are long, slim, narrowing towards the end, the proximal one among them is the shortest and only slightly bent, the next two gradually grow and are expressively ovally even hookwise bent, especially in the distal part. Without detailed knowledge regarding the variability of the lamina abdominalis, and, above all without a comparison of our specimens with the type material the consideration of a new species would be. to say the least, premature. Figs Lynceus dauricus THIELE: 26 = first adhesive leg, 27 = clasper of the first adhesive leg, 28 = lamina abdominalis, 29 = female, postabdomen in lateral view, 30 = female, postabdomen seen from above, 31 = female, postabdomen seen from below, 32 = male, postabdomen in lateral view, 33 = male, postabdomen, seen from below, 34 = male, shape of the head in-anterior view, 35 = female, shape of the head in anterior view, 36 = female, shape of the head in lateral view, 37 = male, shape of the head in lateral view. Fig. 38. Lepidurus apus (LINNAEUS): exopodit of the first leg (South Slovakia). Fig. 39. Lepidurus couesii PACKARD: exopodit of the first leg (Mongolia)

7 Simocephalus vetulus elisabethae (KING, 1853) (Figs ) Many authors considered (BEHNING 1941; MANUYLOVA 1964; MASHIKO 1953; NAN- SHAN, WEI 1963; CHIA-JUI, TA HSIANG, KUO-HSIAO 1964) this taxon as a good species, while in some more recent publications (HRBÁCEK, KÖRINEK & FREY 1978; NEGREA 1983) it was Figs Simocephalus vetulus elisabethae (KING): 40 = posterior protuberance at the posterior margin of the valves, 41 = the same as Fig. 40, in greater magnification. Figs Moina cf. belli GURNEY: 42 = female, first antenna, 43 = female, posterodorsal corner of valves, 44 = female, posteroventral zone of valves, 45 = female, ventral zone of valves, 46 = postabdomen of the female, 47 = female, basal part of the abdominal claw with bident tooth, 48 = male, distal half of the first antenna. Figs Wlassicsia pannonica DADAY: 49 = female, first antenna, 50 = female, postabdomen 7 Természettudományi Múzeum Évkönyve 1984

8 synonymized with S. vetulus. DUMONT & VAN DE VELDE (1977) and DUMONT (1983) classified it as a subspecies. There were three specimens found in our material and we share the opinion of the two latter authors, that is we also consider it as subspecies, S. vetulus elisabethae. Moina cf. belli GURNEY, 1904 (Figs ) The specimens found in our samples were identified as M. belli using the keys of GOUL- DEN (1968), nevertheless they do not fully agree with the descriptions and figures published up to now, they also differ from the figures given by DUMONT, PENSAERT & VAN DE VELDE (1981). The most important differences were found in the shape of the first antenna of the female, in the setation along the edge of the valves, in the number of teeth on the postabdotmen of the female and also in the form of the male first antenna. The shape of the female I. antenna is similar to that of M. turkomanica KEISER (as it is figured in MANUYLOVA'S book) and is rather different from the figure of DUMONT, PENSAERT & VAN DE VELDE (1981) in its form and setation. The setation of the ventral edge of the valves is reminiscent of M. micrura dubia as it was figured by SMIRNOV (1976) and NEGREA (1983). Moina belli is known to be distributed in Africa and in the Caspian depression (GOULDEN 1968; DUMONT, PENSAERT & VAN DE VELDE, 1981), this Mongolian record represents localities rather far from its known distribution area. Because of the great distance and of the isolated situation of the Mongolian localities we think it possible to have a new taxon, perhaps new subspecies at hand. We intend to give a definitive solution of this matter after comparing our specimens with the type material and specimens from Africa other than type locality. Wlassicsia pannonica DADAY, 1903 emend. PETKOVSKI, 1970 (Figs ) This very rare species of Cladocera was considered for very long time as synonym of Macrothrix hirsuticornis. PETKOVSKI (1970) resurrected it, giving an amplified description and figures based upon material from Macedonia and Slovakia. SMIRNOV (1976) and NEGREA (1983) reported this species, and also HUDEC (1983) published new localities of W. pannonica from Slovakia. HRBÁCEK, KÖRINEK & FREY (1978) considered its distribution as "Pal.(?)". Based on its known distribution, as is listed above, and on our new record from Mongolia it seems to be most likely that W. pannonica is distributed in the Palaearctic region. References BEHNING, A. L. (1941) : Kladocera Kavkaza. Tbilisi I VII pp. CHIA-JUI, SHEN, TA-HSIANG, SUNG & CHEN KOU-HSIAO (1964): Studies on the cladocerans of Peking. Acta zool. sin. 16: DADAY, E. ( ): Monographie systématique des Phyllopodes Conchostracés. I-V. Annls. Sei. nat. Zool., 9. ser. 20: ; 10 ser. 6: ; 10 ser. 8: ; 10 ser. 9: 1-81; 10. ser. 10: DUMONT, H. J. (1983): Genus Simocephalus, p in: SMIRNOV, N. N. & TIMMS, B. V. (eds.): A revision of the Australian Cladocera (Crustacea). Records of the Australian Museum, Suppl. 1: DUMONT, H. J., PENSAERT, L. & VAN DE VELDE, I. (1981): The Crustacean Zooplankton of Mali (West Africa). Hydrobiologia 80: DUMONT, H. J. & VAN DE VELDE, I. (1977): Report on a collection of Cladocera and Copepoda from Nepal. Hydrobiologia 53: GOULDEN, C. E. (1968): The systematics and evolution of the Moinidae. Trans. Amer. phil. Soc. N.S.,58:

9 HARTLAND-ROWE, R. (1968): The genus Branchipodopsis in Asia (Anostraca). Crustaceana 15: HRBÁÖEK, J., KÖRINEK, V. & FREY, D. G. (1978): Cladocera. In: ILLIES, J. (ed.): Limnofauna Europaea. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart New York; Swets et Zeitlinger B. V. Amsterdam: HUDEC, I. (1983): On Wlassicsia pannonica Daday, 1903 (Crustacea, Cladocera) in Slovakia. Biológia (Bratislava) 38: KASZAB, Z. ( ) : Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei. Folia ent. hung. (S. N.) 16: ; 18: 5-38; 18: ; 19: ; 21: 1-44; 21 (Suppl.) : LINDER, F. (1952): Contributions to the morphology and taxonomy of the Branchiopoda Notostraca, with special reference to the North American species. Proc. U. S. natn. Mus. 102 (No. 3291) : LONGHURST. A. R. (1955): A review of the Notostraca. Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. 3: MALHOTRA, Y. R. & DUDA, P. L. (1970): A new fairy shrimp, Branchinecta acanthopenes n. sp. (Anostraca, Branchinectidae) from India. Crustaceana 18: MANUYLOVA, E. F. (1964): Vetvistousyerachki (Cladocera) fauny SSSR. Opred.pofaune SSSR,\zá. Zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR 88: MASHIKO, K. (1953): Cladocera and Rotatoria of Central China. Sei. Rep. Kanazawa Univ. 2 (1): NAN-SHAN, DU, WEI, LAI (1963): On the geographical distribution of the freshwater Cladocera in China. Acta zool. sin., 15: NEGREA, S. (1983) : Cladocera. In: Fauna RPR, Crustacea iv. (12) : PETKOVSKI, T. K. (1970): Wlassicsia pannonica Daday aus Macédonien und der Slowakei (Crustacea, Cladocera). Frag. Balcon. Mus. Mac. Sei. nat. 7, (20, 178) : SMIRNOV, S. S. (1936): Zweiter Beitrag zur Phyllopodenfauna Transkaukasiens. Zool. Anz. 113: SMIRNOV, N. N. (1976): Macrothricidae i Moinidae fauny mira. Fauna SSSR, Rakoobraznyye 1 (3): STRASKRABA, M. (1962): 3. rád. Conchostraca Skeblovky, p In: SRAMEK-HU EK, R., STRASKRABA, M. & BRTEK, J. : Lupenonozci-Branchiopoda, 1 auna CSSR 16: STRASKRABA, M. (1965): Taxonomical studies on Czechoslovak Conchostraca. II. Families Lynceidae and Cyzicidae. Vest. csl. Spol. zool. 29: STRASKRABA, M. (1966): Taxonomical studies on Czechoslovak Conchostraca. III. Leptestheriidae. Hydrobiologia 27: TIWARI, K. K. (1972): Taxonomic status of two recently described Branchiopoda from Kashmir, India. Crustaceana 23: UÉNO, M. (1935): Order Phyllopoda. In: Crustacea of Jehol. Orders Phyllopoda, Decapoda, Isopoda and Amphipoda. Rep. First. Sei. Exp. Manchoukou, 1933, Tokyo, Sect. 5, Div. 1, Part. 2, Art. 6: Authors's address: DR. JAN BRTEK Bojnice Museum Bojnice Czechoslovakia DR. LÁSZLÓ FORRÓ Zoological Department Hungarian Natural History Museum Budapest, Baross utca 13 H-1088 DR. JENŐ E. PONYI Balaton Limnological Institute Hungarian Academy of Sciences Tihany, Fürdőtelep 56 H-8237

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