Samples collected at Bethulie were keyed to a measured section quite close to the one
|
|
- Aleesha Underwood
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 GSA Data Repository Kenneth G. MacLeod, Page C. Quinton, and Damon J. Bassett, 2017, Warming and increased aridity during the earliest Triassic in the Karoo Basin, South Africa: Geology, doi: /g Supplementary file: Sample base Samples analyzed were collected in Samples collected at Bethulie were keyed to a measured section quite close to the one presented in Smith (1995) with the 0 m datum at the level of the Caledon River. Roger Smith (as well as Allison Crean and Paul October) of the South African Museum (now Iziko Museums of South Africa) participated in field work facilitating locating the samples at the correct position in the section. Samples ID s presented in the data tables are unique to samples collected in They are the same samples analyzed and interpreted in MacLeod et al. (2000). As we were sampling for planned destructive analyses, we tried to be conservative in the amount of tusk material removed, and we only sampled from skulls for which we felt our field dentistry would be unlikely to damage high quality specimens (e.g., we did not sample from relatively complete specimens) or otherwise compromise possible future work. At the request of a reviewer, we have made a dedicated effort to match coordinates for these Bt specimens to samples in the P/T Boundary database that underpins the analysis presented in Smith and Botha-Brink (2014). Unfortunately, we could not confidently and consistently make such assignments. Possible reasons include relatively low accuracy and precision of the GPS unit/gps signal in 1996 and uncertainty in which geodectic datum we used then. In addition, at least some samples collected in 1996 were not logged into the P/T Boundary database likely because only limited taphonomic and/or taxonomic information could be gathered for those specimens and/or because the specimens were not relocated. Regardless of the reasons, the two datasets are, and should be, viewed as separate. Some specimens occur in both, but both also have unique entries.
2 That said, this effort to correlate samples between data sets led us to rigorously compare the stratigraphic position of logged Bethulie tusk (Bt) and nodule (Bn) specimens to published figures. To facilitate comparisons with recent literature, all stratigraphic levels have been converted to corresponding nearest meter levels shown in Figure 4 of Smith and Botha-Brink (2014) and that column was redrafted and used in our Figure 2. Meter levels presented for samples in the figures and data tables differ from the meter levels for the same samples shown in MacLeod et al. (2000) largely due to the fact the Smith and Botha-Brink (2014) place the 0 m datum ~ 10 m above the Caledon River. Other differences are due to rounding errors and at least one apparent instance of previous miscounting or data entry error in the MacLeod et al. (2000) data tables (Bn-16). All samples discussed, including Bt-07 Bt-13, are plotted at the accurate level in the section to the best of our knowledge regardless of whether the compilation presented by Smith and Botha-Brink (2014) show samples at the same level. The Doornplaats section was measured by the lead author on the Doornplaats Farm ~20 km NW of Graaf-Reinet. The base of the section starts in a gully on the relatively flat valley floor north of highway R63 and continues up a series of ephemeral stream gullies to the top of the hill Boesmanskop. The ~330 m of section examined is composed dominantly of green, gray, and maroon mudstones. Color differences are bedding parallel on the outcrop scale but express patchy and mottled lateral variation on the centimeter to 10-meter scale. Mudstones contain horizons of cm-sized ovoid nodules, slickensided surfaces, vertebrate fossils, mud cracks, and burrows. The mudstones are interbedded with siltstones and fine to medium sandstones that are centimeters to several meters thick. The sandstones are thin to medium bedded, contain tabular, trough, and epsilon cross-beds as well as planar laminations. They commonly are channel formed, at least in part. Lateral continuity of these beds range from 10 s of meters to several kilometers. U-Pb dates on zircons yielded age of Ma for a 5 cm thick ash collected at 2.5 m in the Doornplaats section in 1996 and augmented by additional material collected later (Rubidge et al., 2013). The ash was placed at or near the top of the Cistecephalus Zone (Rubige et al., 2013), but subsequent revision to the definition of the top of
3 that Zone suggests this ash is within the Daptocephalus Zone (Viglietti et al., 2016) based on reexamination of the genus Dicynodon by Kammerer et al. (2011). The top of the section does not reach Triassic strata. Thus, the Doornplaats section is considered to fall entirely within the Late Permian Daptocephalus Zone. Only 7 tusks were found and sampled in the field. To increase sampling density and stratigraphic coverage, the lead author trimmed small portions of tusks from an additional 12 samples collected at Doornplaats and housed in the South African Museum (now Iziko Museums of South Africa) in September, The samples were projected onto the measured section based on elevation at which they were collected. Error in placing the specimens on the section is reduced by the minimal dip in the region and proximity of the collection sites to the transect along which the section was measured. Further, none of the arguments presented in the paper depend on highly accurate stratigraphic placement for these samples (there are no apparent stratigraphic trends in isotopic results through the Doornplaats section, and Doornplaats isotopic values are treated as a pooled population representative of the latest Permian for the site in all discussion). Still, it should be noted that uncertainty in the stratigraphic position for the museum samples is high. Tabulated results Results for phosphate 18 O analyses are shown in Supplementary Table 1. All data are previously unreported. Each point plotted in text figure 2 represents all analyses run on each separate of powdered tusk. That is, for samples where dissolution of bioapatite and precipitation of Ag 3 PO 4 yielded enough material for replicate analyses, those replicates analyses are pooled prior to plotting. Results for trace carbonates in tusks are presented in Supplementary Table 2 and represent a combination of data from MacLeod et al. (2000) and new data as indicated. Supplementary Table 3 shows comparison of 18 O values for trace carbonates and phosphate analyses in tusks. Because different powder aliquots were used for trace carbonate and
4 phosphate analyses, the average values for each tusk are used in calculating the differences between trace carbonate and phosphate values. Statistical test of trends in values All statistical tests were done using Excel functions. For comparisons among tusk values, T-tests (2 tails) were used to compare among results for Doornplaats samples, Permian samples at Bethulie (below the boundary placed at 51 m (Smith and Botha-Brink, 2014)), and Triassic samples at Bethulie. The statistical tests were run both on individual analyses and on average values for all analyses for a given tusk. Both approaches yield the same conclusions about statistical significance. F-test comparison fails to reject the null hypothesis of equal variance when comparing Permian samples at Bethulie to Doornplaats samples but does reject the null hypothesis when comparing Permian and Triassic samples at Bethulie. F-test Doornplaats vs. Permian at Bethulie all analyses tusk average p-value Permian at Bethulie vs. Triassic at Bethulie all analyses tusk average p-value 1.8E E-04 T-test demonstrates differences among populations are statistically significant. T-test, 2 tails using assumptions about variance from F-test Doornplaats vs. Permian at Bethulie all analyses tusk average p-value 4.9E E-02 Permian at Bethulie vs. Triassic at Bethulie all analyses tusk average p-value 3.7E E-08
5 R 2 values reported for trace carbonate 18 O values and nodule 18 O values vs. stratigraphic height are based on a linear regression. Arguments regarding temperature and 18 O soil water for nodule 18 O values Temperatures cited in text were based on paleotemperature equation for synthetic calcite of Kim and O Neil (1997) as reformulated by Grossman (2012): T( C) = ( 18 O c - 18 O w ) (( 18 O c - 18 O w ) 2 where the temperature at the time of formation is related to the isotopic composition of the pedogenic calcite ( 18 O c ) and groundwater in which it formed ( 18 O w ) on the PDB and VSMOW scales. Values for 18 O c cited are based on average values for stratigraphic interval discussed using data from (MacLeod et al., 2000). Values for 18 O w are based on assumed 22 offset between tusk phosphate and surface water (Amiot et al., 2004) modified by evaporative enrichment of 18 O in remaining liquid water as discussed in the text. References: Amiot, R., Lecuyer, C., Buffetaut, E., Fluteau, F., Legendre, S., and Martineau, F., 2004, Latitudinal temperature gradient during the Cretaceous Upper Campanian Middle Maastrichtian: delta O 18 record of continental vertebrates: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 226, p Grossman, E.L., Applying Oxygen Isotope Paleothermometry in Deep Time. in L. C. Ivany and B. T. Huber (eds.), Reconstructing Earth s Deep Time Climate The State of the Art in 2012: Paleontological Society Papers, v. 18., p Kammerer, C.F., Angielczyk, K.D., and Fröbisch, J., 2011, A comprehensive taxonomic revision of Dicynodon (Therapsida, Anomodontia) and its implications for dicynodont phylogeny, biogeography, and biostratigraphy: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 31, p Kim, S. T., and O Neil J. R., 1997, Equilibrium and nonequilibrium oxygen isotope effects in synthetic carbonates: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 61, p MacLeod, K. G., Smith, R. M. H., Koch, P. L., and Ward, P. D., 2000, Timing of mammal like reptile extinctions across the Permian Triassic boundary in South Africa: Geology, v. 28, p Rubidge, B. S., Erwin, D. H., Ramezani, J., Bowring, S. A., and de Klerk, W. J., 2013, Highprecision temporal calibration of Late Permian vertebrate biostratigraphy: U Pb zircon constraints from the Karoo Supergroup, South Africa: Geology, v. 41, p
6 Smith, R. M. H., 1995, Changing Fluvial Environments across the Permian Triassic Boundary in the Karoo Basin, South Africa and Possible Causes of Tetrapod Extinctions: Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, v. 117, p Smith, R. M. H., and Botha Brink, J., 2014, Anatomy of a mass extinction: Sedimentological and taphonomic evidence for drought induced die offs at the Permo Triassic boundary in the main Karoo Basin, South Africa: Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, v. 396, p Viglietti, P.A., Smith, R.M.H, Angielczyk, K.D., Kammerer, C.F., Fröbisch, J., and Rubidge, B.S., 2016, The Daptocephalus Assemblage Zone (Lopingian), South Africa: A proposed biostratigraphy based on a new compilation of stratigraphic ranges: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 113, p
7 TABLE DR1. PHOSPHATE d180 Sample Section height (m) taxon* Avg. for sample single analysis result s results based on analysis of 2 or more replicates of precipitated crystals avg. rep. rep. avg. rep. rep. avg. rep. rep. rep. rep. Bt08 Bethulie 127 Lystrosaurus Bt09 Bethulie 127 Lystrosaurus Bt10 Bethulie 127 Lystrosaurus Bt11 Bethulie 127 Lystrosaurus Bt12 Bethulie 127 Lystrosaurus Bt13 Bethulie 126 Lystrosaurus Bt07 Bethulie 123 Lystrosaurus Bt01 Bethulie 119 Lystrosaurus Bt02 Bethulie 119 Lystrosaurus Bt03 Bethulie 119 Lystrosaurus Bt04 Bethulie 119 Lystrosaurus Bt05 Bethulie 119 Lystrosaurus Bt06 Bethulie 119 Lystrosaurus Bt14 Bethulie 111 Lystrosaurus Bt33 Bethulie 105 Lystrosaurus Btf9-14 Bethulie 99 Lystrosaurus Bt34 Bethulie 97 Lystrosaurus Bt35 Bethulie 89 Lystrosaurus Bt36 Bethulie 83 Lystrosaurus Bt17 Bethulie 78 Lystrosaurus Bt18 Bethulie 71 Lystrosaurus Bt19 Bethulie 65 Lystrosaurus Bt20 Bethulie 61 Lystrosaurus Bt21 Bethulie 54 Lystrosaurus? Bt24 Bethulie 47 Dicynodon Bt25 Bethulie 47 Lystrosaurus Bt22 Bethulie 46 Lystrosaurus Bt23 Bethulie 46 Dicynodon Btf4 Bethulie 46 Dicynodon? Bt26 Bethulie 37 Lystrosaurus Bt27 Bethulie 34 Lystrosaurus Bt28 Bethulie 31 Dicynodon Bt30 Bethulie 31 Dicynodon Bt29 Bethulie 22 Dicynodon Bt31 Bethulie 17 Diictodon? Bt32 Bethulie 12 Dicynodon? Bt16 Bethulie -2 Dicynodon Bt15 Bethulie -4 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7258 Doornplaats 327 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7595 Doornplaats 217 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7217 Doornplaats 156 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7818 Doornplaats 143 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7865 Doornplaats 126 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7364 Doornplaats 126 Diictodon SAM-PK-K7375 Doornplaats 95 Diictodon Dt1 Doornplaats 85 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7543 Doornplaats 65 Diictodon Dt6 Doornplaats 64 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7355 Doornplaats 34 Diictodon SAM-PK-K7237 Doornplaats 34 Diictodon
8 SAM-PK-K7227 Doornplaats 34 Dicynodon Dt5 Doornplaats 32 Diictodon Dt2 Doornplaats 5 Dicynodon Dtc Doornplaats 4 theriodont Dt4 Doornplaats 4 Diictodon Dt3 Doornplaats 3 unknown museum samples (highlighted in yellow) projected onto measured section based on field data provided by RM Smith and S. Kaal (Iziko Museums of South Africa) values highlighted in green plotted as diamonds in text figure 2 in the text values highlighted in blue plotted as triangles in text figure 2 *specimen ID's are based on field observations and 1996 taxonomy. Whereas many "Dicynodon " are probably Daptocephalus, that probability can not be confirmed and updates where not
9 TABLE DR2. TUSK TRACE CARBONATES Sample Section height (m) taxon* results on V-PDB scale 13 C 18 O 13 C 18 O Bt08 Bethulie 127 Lystrosaurus Bt09 Bethulie 127 Lystrosaurus Bt10 Bethulie 127 Lystrosaurus Bt11 Bethulie 127 Lystrosaurus Bt12 Bethulie 127 Lystrosaurus Bt13 Bethulie 126 Lystrosaurus Bt07 Bethulie 123 Lystrosaurus Bt01 Bethulie 119 Lystrosaurus Bt02 Bethulie 119 Lystrosaurus Bt03 Bethulie 119 Lystrosaurus Bt04 Bethulie 119 Lystrosaurus Bt05 Bethulie 119 Lystrosaurus Bt06 Bethulie 119 Lystrosaurus Bt14 Bethulie 111 Lystrosaurus Bt33 Bethulie 105 Lystrosaurus Btf9-14 Bethulie 99 Lystrosaurus nd nd Bt34 Bethulie 97 Lystrosaurus Bt35 Bethulie 89 Lystrosaurus Bt36 Bethulie 83 Lystrosaurus Bt17 Bethulie 78 Lystrosaurus Bt18 Bethulie 71 Lystrosaurus Bt19 Bethulie 65 Lystrosaurus Bt20 Bethulie 61 Lystrosaurus nd nd Bt21 Bethulie 54 Lystrosaurus? Bt24 Bethulie 47 Dicynodon Bt25 Bethulie 47 Lystrosaurus Bt22 Bethulie 46 Lystrosaurus Bt23 Bethulie 46 Dicynodon Btf4 Bethulie 46 Dicynodon? Bt26 Bethulie 37 Lystrosaurus Bt27 Bethulie 34 Lystrosaurus Bt28 Bethulie 31 Dicynodon Bt30 Bethulie 31 Dicynodon Bt29 Bethulie 22 Dicynodon
10 Bt31 Bethulie 17 Diictodon? Bt32 Bethulie 12 Dicynodon? nd nd Bt16 Bethulie -2 Dicynodon Bt15 Bethulie -4 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7258 Doornplaats 327 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7595 Doornplaats 217 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7217 Doornplaats 156 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7818 Doornplaats 143 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7865 Doornplaats 126 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7364 Doornplaats 126 Diictodon SAM-PK-K7375 Doornplaats 95 Diictodon Dt1 Doornplaats 85 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7543 Doornplaats 65 Diictodon Dt6 Doornplaats 64 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7355 Doornplaats 34 Diictodon SAM-PK-K7237 Doornplaats 34 Diictodon SAM-PK-K7227 Doornplaats 34 Dicynodon Dt5 Doornplaats 32 Diictodon Dt2 Doornplaats 5 Dicynodon Dtc Doornplaats 4 theriodont Dt4 Doornplaats 4 Diictodon Dt3 Doornplaats 3 unknown museum samples (highlighted in yellow) projected onto measured section based on field data provided by RM Smith and S. Kaal (Iziko Museums of South Africa); isotpic values in blue italics from MacLeod et al., 2000, Geology, v. 28, p ; *specimen ID's are based on field observations and 1996 taxonomy. Whereas many "Dicynodon" are probably Daptocephalus, that probability can not be confirmed and updates where not made
11 TABLE DR3. TUSK COMPARISON tusk oxygen isotope comparison Sample Section height (m) taxon phosphate trace - trace SMOW SMOW phosphate Bt08 Bethulie 127 Lystrosaurus Bt09 Bethulie 127 Lystrosaurus Bt10 Bethulie 127 Lystrosaurus Bt11 Bethulie 127 Lystrosaurus Bt12 Bethulie 127 Lystrosaurus Bt13 Bethulie 126 Lystrosaurus Bt07 Bethulie 123 Lystrosaurus Bt01 Bethulie 119 Lystrosaurus Bt02 Bethulie 119 Lystrosaurus Bt03 Bethulie 119 Lystrosaurus Bt04 Bethulie 119 Lystrosaurus Bt05 Bethulie 119 Lystrosaurus Bt06 Bethulie 119 Lystrosaurus Bt14 Bethulie 111 Lystrosaurus Bt33 Bethulie 105 Lystrosaurus Btf9-14 Bethulie 99 Lystrosaurus nd 6.4 nd Bt34 Bethulie 97 Lystrosaurus Bt35 Bethulie 89 Lystrosaurus Bt36 Bethulie 83 Lystrosaurus Bt17 Bethulie 78 Lystrosaurus Bt18 Bethulie 71 Lystrosaurus Bt19 Bethulie 65 Lystrosaurus Bt20 Bethulie 61 Lystrosaurus nd 7.4 nd Bt21 Bethulie 54 Lystrosaurus? Bt24 Bethulie 47 Dicynodon Bt25 Bethulie 47 Lystrosaurus Bt22 Bethulie 46 Lystrosaurus Bt23 Bethulie 46 Dicynodon Btf4 Bethulie 46 Dicynodon? Bt26 Bethulie 37 Lystrosaurus Bt27 Bethulie 34 Lystrosaurus Bt28 Bethulie 31 Dicynodon Bt30 Bethulie 31 Dicynodon Bt29 Bethulie 22 Dicynodon
12 Bt31 Bethulie 17 Diictodon? Bt32 Bethulie 12 Dicynodon? nd 5.5 nd Bt16 Bethulie -2 Dicynodon Bt15 Bethulie -4 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7258 Doornplaats 327 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7595 Doornplaats 217 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7217 Doornplaats 156 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7818 Doornplaats 143 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7865 Doornplaats 126 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7364 Doornplaats 126 Diictodon SAM-PK-K7375 Doornplaats 95 Diictodon Dt1 Doornplaats 85 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7543 Doornplaats 65 Diictodon Dt6 Doornplaats 64 Dicynodon SAM-PK-K7355 Doornplaats 34 Diictodon SAM-PK-K7237 Doornplaats 34 Diictodon SAM-PK-K7227 Doornplaats 34 Dicynodon Dt5 Doornplaats 32 Diictodon Dt2 Doornplaats 5 Dicynodon Dtc Doornplaats 4 theriodont Dt4 Doornplaats 4 Diictodon Dt3 Doornplaats 3 unknown museum samples (highlighted in yellow) projected onto measured section based on field data provided by RM Smith and S. Kaal (Iziko Museums of South Africa); oxygen isotopic results on the PDB scale converted to the SMOW according to the formula: δ18o(smow) = * δ18o(pdb); values highlighted in green are average of analyses for samples where replicates were run; nd = no data; *specimen ID's are based on field observations and 1996 taxonomy. Whereas many "Dicynodon" are probably Daptocephalus, that probability can not be confirmed and updates where not made
A R T I C L E S STRATIGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF VERTEBRATE FOSSIL FOOTPRINTS COMPARED WITH BODY FOSSILS
A R T I C L E S STRATIGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF VERTEBRATE FOSSIL FOOTPRINTS COMPARED WITH BODY FOSSILS Leonard Brand & James Florence Department of Biology Loma Linda University WHAT THIS ARTICLE IS ABOUT
More informationBarendskraal, a diverse amniote locality from the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone, Early Triassic of South Africa
Barendskraal, a diverse amniote locality from the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone, Early Triassic of South Africa Ross Damiani 1*, Johann Neveling 2, Sean Modesto 3 & Adam Yates 1 1 Bernard Price Institute
More informationRoger M.H. Smith! and Susan E. Evans 2
Palaeont. afr., 32,45-49 (1995) AN AGGREGATION OF JUVENILE YOUNGINA FROM THE BEAUFORT GROUP, KAROO BASIN, SOUTH AFRICA by Roger M.H. Smith! and Susan E. Evans 2 1 Division of Earth Sciences, South African
More informationPreliminary results on the stratigraphy and taphonomy of multiple bonebeds in the Triassic of Algarve
Preliminary results on the stratigraphy and taphonomy of multiple bonebeds in the Triassic of Algarve Hugo Campos 1,2*, Octávio Mateus 1,2, Miguel Moreno-Azanza 1,2 1 Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia,
More informationDelayed recovery of non-marine tetrapods after the end-permian mass extinction tracks global carbon cycle
Delayed recovery of non-marine tetrapods after the end-permian mass extinction tracks global carbon cycle Randall B. Irmis and Jessica H. Whiteside published online 26 October 211 doi: 1.198/rspb.211.1895
More informationEvolution of Biodiversity
Long term patterns Evolution of Biodiversity Chapter 7 Changes in biodiversity caused by originations and extinctions of taxa over geologic time Analyses of diversity in the fossil record requires procedures
More informationDINOSAUR TRACKS AND OTHER FOSSIL FOOTPRINTS OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES. Martin Lockley and Adrian P. Hunt. artwork by Paul Koroshetz
DINOSAUR TRACKS AND OTHER FOSSIL FOOTPRINTS OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES Martin Lockley and Adrian P. Hunt artwork by Paul Koroshetz COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW YORK CONTENTS Foreword Preface Acknowledgments
More informationResponse to SERO sea turtle density analysis from 2007 aerial surveys of the eastern Gulf of Mexico: June 9, 2009
Response to SERO sea turtle density analysis from 27 aerial surveys of the eastern Gulf of Mexico: June 9, 29 Lance P. Garrison Protected Species and Biodiversity Division Southeast Fisheries Science Center
More informationPROGRESS REPORT for COOPERATIVE BOBCAT RESEARCH PROJECT. Period Covered: 1 April 30 June Prepared by
PROGRESS REPORT for COOPERATIVE BOBCAT RESEARCH PROJECT Period Covered: 1 April 30 June 2014 Prepared by John A. Litvaitis, Tyler Mahard, Rory Carroll, and Marian K. Litvaitis Department of Natural Resources
More informationNew Mexico Geological Society
New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/54 Tetrapod footprints from the Middle Triassic (Perovkan-Early Anisian) Moenkopi Formation, west-central New
More informationNew Mexico Geological Society
New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/52 The Bennettitalean leaf "Zamites" Powellii from the Middle Triassic Moenkopi Formation, east-central New Mexico
More informationTHE GORGONOPSIAN GENUS, HIPPOSAURUS, AND THE FAMILY ICTIDORHINIDAE * Dr. L.D. Boonstra. Paleontologist, South African Museum, Cape Town
THE GORGONOPSIAN GENUS, HIPPOSAURUS, AND THE FAMILY ICTIDORHINIDAE * by Dr. L.D. Boonstra Paleontologist, South African Museum, Cape Town In 1928 I dug up the complete skeleton of a smallish gorgonopsian
More informationBiodiversity and Extinction. Lecture 9
Biodiversity and Extinction Lecture 9 This lecture will help you understand: The scope of Earth s biodiversity Levels and patterns of biodiversity Mass extinction vs background extinction Attributes of
More informationRequired and Recommended Supporting Information for IUCN Red List Assessments
Required and Recommended Supporting Information for IUCN Red List Assessments This is Annex 1 of the Rules of Procedure for IUCN Red List Assessments 2017 2020 as approved by the IUCN SSC Steering Committee
More informationNatural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida. Phylogeny (and Its Rules) Biogeography
Natural Sciences 360 Legacy of Life Lecture 3 Dr. Stuart S. Sumida Phylogeny (and Its Rules) Biogeography So, what is all the fuss about phylogeny? PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS allows us both define groups
More informationRelationship Between Eye Color and Success in Anatomy. Sam Holladay IB Math Studies Mr. Saputo 4/3/15
Relationship Between Eye Color and Success in Anatomy Sam Holladay IB Math Studies Mr. Saputo 4/3/15 Table of Contents Section A: Introduction.. 2 Section B: Information/Measurement... 3 Section C: Mathematical
More informationName Date Class. From the list below, choose the term that best completes each sentence.
Name Date Class Structure and Function of Vertebrates Review and Reinforce Birds Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions. 1. What are four characteristics that all birds share? 2. What
More informationGEOL 104 Dinosaurs: A Natural History Homework 6: The Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction. DUE: Fri. Dec. 8
GEOL 104 Dinosaurs: A Natural History Homework 6: The Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction DUE: Fri. Dec. 8 Part I: Victims and Survivors Below is a list of various taxa. Indicate (by letter) if the taxon: A.
More informationDensity, growth, and home range of the lizard Uta stansburiana stejnegeri in southern Dona Ana County, New Mexico
Great Basin Naturalist Volume 33 Number 2 Article 8 6-30-1973 Density, growth, and home range of the lizard Uta stansburiana stejnegeri in southern Dona Ana County, New Mexico Richard D. Worthington University
More informationBEHAVIORAL AND PALEOENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF REPTILE SWIM TRACKS FROM THE EARLY TRIASSIC OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA
Tracy Thomson attended the College of Eastern Utah and then received his B.Sc. in geology from the University of Utah. He is currently attending the University of California-Riverside and Dr. Mary Droser
More informationAnswers to Questions about Smarter Balanced 2017 Test Results. March 27, 2018
Answers to Questions about Smarter Balanced Test Results March 27, 2018 Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium, 2018 Table of Contents Table of Contents...1 Background...2 Jurisdictions included in Studies...2
More informationTuesday, December 6, 11. Mesozoic Life
Mesozoic Life Review of Paleozoic Transgression/regressions and Mountain building events during the paleoozoic act as driving force of evolution. regression of seas and continental uplift create variety
More informationPhylogeny Reconstruction
Phylogeny Reconstruction Trees, Methods and Characters Reading: Gregory, 2008. Understanding Evolutionary Trees (Polly, 2006) Lab tomorrow Meet in Geology GY522 Bring computers if you have them (they will
More informationAppendix 1. Peter Alsen
Appendix 1 Description of a new Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) ammonite species, Cranocephalites tvaerdalensis sp.nov., from Geographical Society Ø, North-East Greenland. Peter Alsen A new Cranocephalites
More informationThe UK-Russian Permo-Triassic Boundary Project Newsletter for participants, Number 1 (May 2008)
The UK-Russian Permo-Triassic Boundary Project Newsletter for participants, Number 1 (May 2008) Major objectives Key aims of the project are as follows (from the 2005 NERC application): 1. How do the timings
More informationCall of the Wild. Investigating Predator/Prey Relationships
Biology Call of the Wild Investigating Predator/Prey Relationships MATERIALS AND RESOURCES EACH GROUP calculator computer spoon, plastic 100 beans, individual pinto plate, paper ABOUT THIS LESSON This
More informationTitle: Phylogenetic Methods and Vertebrate Phylogeny
Title: Phylogenetic Methods and Vertebrate Phylogeny Central Question: How can evolutionary relationships be determined objectively? Sub-questions: 1. What affect does the selection of the outgroup have
More informationPostilla PEABODY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY YALE UNIVERSITY NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A.
Postilla PEABODY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY YALE UNIVERSITY NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, U.S.A. Number 117 18 March 1968 A 7DIAPSID (REPTILIA) PARIETAL FROM THE LOWER PERMIAN OF OKLAHOMA ROBERT L. CARROLL REDPATH
More informationSample Questions: EXAMINATION I Form A Mammalogy -EEOB 625. Name Composite of previous Examinations
Sample Questions: EXAMINATION I Form A Mammalogy -EEOB 625 Name Composite of previous Examinations Part I. Define or describe only 5 of the following 6 words - 15 points (3 each). If you define all 6,
More informationSTATISTICAL REPORT. Preliminary Analysis of the Second Collaborative Study of the Hard Surface Carrier Test
STATISTICAL REPORT To: From: Subject: Diane Boesenberg, Reckitt Benckiser Emily Mitchell, Product Science Branch, Antimicrobials Division/Office of Pesticide Programs/US EPA Martin Hamilton, Statistician
More informationBiol 160: Lab 7. Modeling Evolution
Name: Modeling Evolution OBJECTIVES Help you develop an understanding of important factors that affect evolution of a species. Demonstrate important biological and environmental selection factors that
More informationd. Wrist bones. Pacific salmon life cycle. Atlantic salmon (different genus) can spawn more than once.
Lecture III.5b Answers to HW 1. (2 pts). Tiktaalik bridges the gap between fish and tetrapods by virtue of possessing which of the following? a. Humerus. b. Radius. c. Ulna. d. Wrist bones. 2. (2 pts)
More informationGlobal comparisons of beta diversity among mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians across spatial scales and taxonomic ranks
Journal of Systematics and Evolution 47 (5): 509 514 (2009) doi: 10.1111/j.1759-6831.2009.00043.x Global comparisons of beta diversity among mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians across spatial scales
More information8/19/2013. Topic 4: The Origin of Tetrapods. Topic 4: The Origin of Tetrapods. The geological time scale. The geological time scale.
Topic 4: The Origin of Tetrapods Next two lectures will deal with: Origin of Tetrapods, transition from water to land. Origin of Amniotes, transition to dry habitats. Topic 4: The Origin of Tetrapods What
More informationMalcolm L. McCallum Biodiversity and Conservation
Vertebrate biodiversity losses point to a sixth mass extinction Malcolm L. McCallum Biodiversity and Conservation ISSN 0960-3115 Volume 24 Number 10 Biodivers Conserv (2015) 24:2497-2519 DOI 10.1007/s10531-015-0940-6
More informationTHE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LATE CRETACEOUS TO PLEISTOCENE CLIMATES: NATURE OF THE TRANSITION FROM A 'HOT-HOUSE' TO AN 'ICE-HOUSE' WORLD VOLUME ONE
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LATE CRETACEOUS TO PLEISTOCENE CLIMATES: NATURE OF THE TRANSITION FROM A 'HOT-HOUSE' TO AN 'ICE-HOUSE' WORLD VOLUME ONE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION
More informationWORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION - IUCN TECHNICAL EVALUATION ISCHIGUALASTO PROVINCIAL PARK-TALAMPAYA NATIONAL PARK (ARGENTINA)
WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION - IUCN TECHNICAL EVALUATION ISCHIGUALASTO PROVINCIAL PARK-TALAMPAYA NATIONAL PARK (ARGENTINA) 1. DOCUMENTATION i) WCMC Data Sheet: (9 references) ii) Additional literature consulted:
More information2077 This journal is q 2007 The Royal Society
Trophic network models explain instability of Early Triassic terrestrial communities Peter D. Roopnarine 1, *, Kenneth D. Angielczyk 1, Steve C. Wang 2 and Rachel Hertog 1 274, 2077 2086 doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0515
More informationUnit 19.3: Amphibians
Unit 19.3: Amphibians Lesson Objectives Describe structure and function in amphibians. Outline the reproduction and development of amphibians. Identify the three living amphibian orders. Describe how amphibians
More informationTree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) are breeding earlier at Creamer s Field Migratory Waterfowl Refuge, Fairbanks, AK
Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) are breeding earlier at Creamer s Field Migratory Waterfowl Refuge, Fairbanks, AK Abstract: We examined the average annual lay, hatch, and fledge dates of tree swallows
More informationNATIONAL HERTETOLOGY List posted o n under Event Based upon information at
NATIONAL HERTETOLOGY List posted on www.soinc.org under Event Organized by groups of organisms o CLASS REPTILIA AND AMPHIBIA o ORDER AND SUBORDERS o FAMILY o GENUS AND COMMON NAME Based upon information
More informationA Comparison of morphological differences between Gymnophthalmus spp. in Dominica, West Indies
209 A Comparison of morphological differences between Gymnophthalmus spp. in Dominica, West Indies Marie Perez June 2015 Texas A&M University Dr. Thomas Lacher and Dr. Jim Woolley Department of Wildlife
More informationLab 7. Evolution Lab. Name: General Introduction:
Lab 7 Name: Evolution Lab OBJECTIVES: Help you develop an understanding of important factors that affect evolution of a species. Demonstrate important biological and environmental selection factors that
More informationDo the traits of organisms provide evidence for evolution?
PhyloStrat Tutorial Do the traits of organisms provide evidence for evolution? Consider two hypotheses about where Earth s organisms came from. The first hypothesis is from John Ray, an influential British
More informationEvolution as Fact. The figure below shows transitional fossils in the whale lineage.
Evolution as Fact Evolution is a fact. Organisms descend from others with modification. Phylogeny, the lineage of ancestors and descendants, is the scientific term to Darwin's phrase "descent with modification."
More informationMay 10, SWBAT analyze and evaluate the scientific evidence provided by the fossil record.
May 10, 2017 Aims: SWBAT analyze and evaluate the scientific evidence provided by the fossil record. Agenda 1. Do Now 2. Class Notes 3. Guided Practice 4. Independent Practice 5. Practicing our AIMS: E.3-Examining
More informationWriting: Lesson 23. Today the students will practice planning for informative/explanatory prompts in response to text they read.
Top Score Writing Grade 4 Lesson 23 Writing: Lesson 23 Today the students will practice planning for informative/explanatory prompts in response to text they read. The following passages will be used in
More informationA new specimen of Dicynodon traquairi (Newton) (Synapsida: Anomodontia) from the Late Permian (Tartarian) of northern Scotland
A new specimen of Dicynodon traquairi (Newton) (Synapsida: Anomodontia) from the Late Permian (Tartarian) of northern Scotland Arthur R.I. Cruickshank 1,2*, Neil D.L. Clark 3 & Calum Adams 4 1 Department
More informationHOW DID DINOSAURS REGULATE THEIR BODY TEMPERATURES?
HOW DID DINOSAURS REGULATE THEIR BODY TEMPERATURES? INTRODUCTION: THERMOREGULATION IN LIVING ANIMALS This activity explores thermoregulation in living and extinct animals, including dinosaurs. The activity
More informationNaturalised Goose 2000
Naturalised Goose 2000 Title Naturalised Goose 2000 Description and Summary of Results The Canada Goose Branta canadensis was first introduced into Britain to the waterfowl collection of Charles II in
More informationLABORATORY EXERCISE 6: CLADISTICS I
Biology 4415/5415 Evolution LABORATORY EXERCISE 6: CLADISTICS I Take a group of organisms. Let s use five: a lungfish, a frog, a crocodile, a flamingo, and a human. How to reconstruct their relationships?
More informationCOMPARING BODY CONDITION ESTIMATES OF ZOO BROTHER S ISLAND TUATARA (SPHENODON GUNTHERI) TO THAT OF THE WILD, A CLINICAL CASE
COMPARING BODY CONDITION ESTIMATES OF ZOO BROTHER S ISLAND TUATARA (SPHENODON GUNTHERI) TO THAT OF THE WILD, A CLINICAL CASE Kyle S. Thompson, BS,¹, ²* Michael L. Schlegel, PhD, PAS² ¹Oklahoma State University,
More informationIt came from N.J.: A prehistoric croc Scientists' rare find will go on display. Tom Avril INQUIRER STAFF WRITER
January 14, 2006 Section: LOCAL Edition: CITY-D Page: A01 Philadelphia Inquirer, The (PA) It came from N.J.: A prehistoric croc Scientists' rare find will go on display. Tom Avril INQUIRER STAFF WRITER
More informationenable groups to track the occurrence of wasting disease on a local and coast wide scale.
Value of Citizen Science Monitoring Involving citizen scientists in the sea star wasting disease survey effort has greatly expanded our spatial and temporal coverage. Citizen science groups can collect
More informationLABORATORY EXERCISE 7: CLADISTICS I
Biology 4415/5415 Evolution LABORATORY EXERCISE 7: CLADISTICS I Take a group of organisms. Let s use five: a lungfish, a frog, a crocodile, a flamingo, and a human. How to reconstruct their relationships?
More informationTaphonomy of turtles in the Middle Eocene Bridger Formation, SW Wyoming
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 162 (2000) 171 189 www.elsevier.nl/locate/palaeo Taphonomy of turtles in the Middle Eocene Bridger Formation, SW Wyoming Leonard R. Brand a,*, H. Thomas
More informationLiving Dinosaurs (3-5) Animal Demonstrations
Living Dinosaurs (3-5) Animal Demonstrations At a glance Students visiting the zoo will be introduced to live animals and understand their connection to a common ancestor, dinosaurs. Time requirement One
More informationTHE SKULLS OF ARAEOSCELIS AND CASEA, PERMIAN REPTILES
THE SKULLS OF REOSCELIS ND CSE, PERMIN REPTILES University of Chicago There are few Permian reptiles of greater interest at the present time than the peculiar one I briefly described in this journal' three
More informationLarval thermal windows in native and hybrid Pseudoboletia progeny (Echinoidea) as potential drivers of the hybridization zone
The following supplements accompany the article Larval thermal windows in native and hybrid Pseudoboletia progeny (Echinoidea) as potential drivers of the hybridization zone M. Lamare*, J. Harianto, S.
More informationRed Eared Slider Secrets. Although Most Red-Eared Sliders Can Live Up to Years, Most WILL NOT Survive Two Years!
Although Most Red-Eared Sliders Can Live Up to 45-60 Years, Most WILL NOT Survive Two Years! Chris Johnson 2014 2 Red Eared Slider Secrets Although Most Red-Eared Sliders Can Live Up to 45-60 Years, Most
More informationThese small issues are easily addressed by small changes in wording, and should in no way delay publication of this first- rate paper.
Reviewers' comments: Reviewer #1 (Remarks to the Author): This paper reports on a highly significant discovery and associated analysis that are likely to be of broad interest to the scientific community.
More informationMr. Bouchard Summer Assignment AP Biology. Name: Block: Score: / 20. Topic: Chemistry Review and Evolution Intro Packet Due: 9/4/18
Name: Block: Score: / 20 Topic: Chemistry Review and Evolution Intro Packet Due: 9/4/18 Week Schedule Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday In class discussion/activity NONE NONE NONE Syllabus and Course
More informationThe taxonomic status of Parathrinaxodon proops (Therapsida: Cynodontia), with comments on the morphology of the palate in basal cynodonts
The taxonomic status of Parathrinaxodon proops (Therapsida: Cynodontia), with comments on the morphology of the palate in basal cynodonts Fernando Abdala 1* & Matthew Allinson 2 1 Bernard Price Institute
More informationRELATIVE GROWTH AND MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN THE SKULL OF AELUROGNATHUS (THERAPSIDA: GORGONOPSIA)
RELATIVE GROWTH AND MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN THE SKULL OF AELUROGNATHUS (THERAPSIDA: GORGONOPSIA) Luke Allan Norton A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand,
More informationREPORT OF ACTIVITIES TURTLE ECOLOGY RESEARCH REPORT Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge 31 May to 4 July 2017
REPORT OF ACTIVITIES 2017 TURTLE ECOLOGY RESEARCH REPORT Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge 31 May to 4 July 2017 A report submitted to Refuge Biologist Marlin French 15 July 2017 John B Iverson Dept.
More informationBiology 2108 Laboratory Exercises: Variation in Natural Systems. LABORATORY 2 Evolution: Genetic Variation within Species
Biology 2108 Laboratory Exercises: Variation in Natural Systems Ed Bostick Don Davis Marcus C. Davis Joe Dirnberger Bill Ensign Ben Golden Lynelle Golden Paula Jackson Ron Matson R.C. Paul Pam Rhyne Gail
More informationSusitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project (FERC No ) Dall s Sheep Distribution and Abundance Study Plan Section Initial Study Report
(FERC No. 14241) Dall s Sheep Distribution and Abundance Study Plan Section 10.7 Initial Study Report Prepared for Prepared by Alaska Department of Fish and Game and ABR, Inc. Environmental Research &
More informationPlanet of Life: Creatures of the Skies & When Dinosaurs Ruled: Teacher s Guide
Planet of Life: Creatures of the Skies & When Dinosaurs Ruled: Teacher s Guide Grade Level: 6-8 Curriculum Focus: Earth Science Lesson Duration: Three class periods Program Description Ancient creatures
More informationLiving Planet Report 2018
Living Planet Report 2018 Technical Supplement: Living Planet Index Prepared by the Zoological Society of London Contents The Living Planet Index at a glance... 2 What is the Living Planet Index?... 2
More informationAPPLICATION OF BODY CONDITION INDICES FOR LEOPARD TORTOISES (GEOCHELONE PARDALIS)
APPLICATION OF BODY CONDITION INDICES FOR LEOPARD TORTOISES (GEOCHELONE PARDALIS) Laura Lickel, BS,* and Mark S. Edwards, Ph. California Polytechnic State University, Animal Science Department, San Luis
More informationPrinciples of rabies eradication
WHO CC for Rabies Surveillance and Research, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies, Germany Principles of rabies eradication Thomas MüllerM Rabies control Basic considerations Problem identification Goal
More informationDominance/Suppression Competitive Relationships in Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Plantations
Dominance/Suppression Competitive Relationships in Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Plantations by Michael E. Dyer Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Stand University
More informationAMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES
AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Number 3738, 19 pp. March 5, 2012 Taxonomic revision of therocephalians (Therapsida: Theriodontia) from the Lower Triassic of Antarctica ADAM K. HUTTENLOCKER 1 AND CHRISTIAN A.
More informationA SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF SEA TURTLE AND HUMAN INTERACTION IN KAHALU U BAY, HI. By Nathan D. Stewart
A SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF SEA TURTLE AND HUMAN INTERACTION IN KAHALU U BAY, HI By Nathan D. Stewart USC/SSCI 586 Spring 2015 1. INTRODUCTION Currently, sea turtles are an endangered species. This project looks
More informationDESERT TORTOISE SIGN RECOGNITION INITIAL REQUIREMENTS DESERT TORTOISE SIGN RECOGNITION. Find Sign in the Open INITIAL REQUIREMENTS.
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0-1.4 1.5-2.9 3-4.4 4.5-5.9 6-7.4 7.5-8.9 9-10.4 10.5-11.9 12-13.4 13.5-14.9 15-16.4 16.5-18 PERPENDICULAR DISTANCE 0-1.4 1.5-2.9 3-4.4 4.5-5.9
More informationPRELIMINARY REPORT ON A CLUTCH OF SIX DINOSAURIAN EGGS FROM THE UPPER TRIASSIC ELLIO T FORMATION, NORTHERN ORANGE FREE STATE. J. W.
41 Pa/aeont. afr., 22, 41-45 (1979) PRELIMINARY REPORT ON A CLUTCH OF SIX DINOSAURIAN EGGS FROM THE UPPER TRIASSIC ELLIO T FORMATION, NORTHERN ORANGE FREE STATE b y J. W. Kitching ABSTRACT A clutch of
More informationBiology Slide 1 of 50
Biology 1 of 50 2 of 50 What Is a Reptile? What are the characteristics of reptiles? 3 of 50 What Is a Reptile? What Is a Reptile? A reptile is a vertebrate that has dry, scaly skin, lungs, and terrestrial
More informationDifferences between Reptiles and Mammals. Reptiles. Mammals. No milk. Milk. Small brain case Jaw contains more than one bone Simple teeth
Differences between Reptiles and Mammals Reptiles No milk Mammals Milk The Advantage of Being a Furball: Diversification of Mammals Small brain case Jaw contains more than one bone Simple teeth One ear
More informationNovember 6, Introduction
TESTIMONY OF DAN ASHE, DEPUTY DIRECTOR, U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, BEFORE THE HOUSE JUDICIARY SUBCOMMITTEE ON CRIME, TERRORISM, AND HOMELAND SECURITY ON H.R. 2811, TO AMEND
More informationTEACHER GUIDE: Letter 1: Western Pond Turtle
TEACHER GUIDE: Letter 1: Western Pond Turtle CONCEPTS COVERED Plant Community-- Riparian or stream wetland Characteristics Tenajas Representative animal--western pond turtle Characteristics Food Reproduction
More informationProbe-Tip Clean On Demand
Rob Marcelis Salland Engineering Probe-Tip Clean On Demand June 3-6, 3 2007 San Diego, CA USA Introduction Today Probe-tip clean settings are static Clean interval is every x-dies or x-wafers How to determine
More informationInferring SKILLS INTRODUCTION
SKILLS INTRODUCTION Inferring Have you ever come home, smelled fish cooking, and thought, We re having fish for dinner? You made an observation using your sense of smell and used past experience to conclude
More informationMulti-Frequency Study of the B3 VLA Sample. I GHz Data
A&A manuscript no. (will be inserted by hand later) Your thesaurus codes are: 13.18.2-11.07.1-11.17.3 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS 3.9.1998 Multi-Frequency Study of the B3 VLA Sample. I. 10.6-GHz Data L.
More informationSupporting Online Material for
www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/314/5802/1111/dc1 Supporting Online Material for Rapid Temporal Reversal in Predator-Driven Natural Selection Jonathan B. Losos,* Thomas W. Schoener, R. Brian Langerhans,
More informationThe Force Concept Inventory (FCI) is currently
Common Concerns About the Force Concept Inventory Charles Henderson The Force Concept Inventory (FCI) is currently the most widely used assessment instrument of student understanding of mechanics. 1 This
More informationSupplementary Fig. 1: Comparison of chase parameters for focal pack (a-f, n=1119) and for 4 dogs from 3 other packs (g-m, n=107).
Supplementary Fig. 1: Comparison of chase parameters for focal pack (a-f, n=1119) and for 4 dogs from 3 other packs (g-m, n=107). (a,g) Maximum stride speed, (b,h) maximum tangential acceleration, (c,i)
More informationLABORATORY #10 -- BIOL 111 Taxonomy, Phylogeny & Diversity
LABORATORY #10 -- BIOL 111 Taxonomy, Phylogeny & Diversity Scientific Names ( Taxonomy ) Most organisms have familiar names, such as the red maple or the brown-headed cowbird. However, these familiar names
More information10/03/18 periods 5,7 10/02/18 period 4 Objective: Reptiles and Fish Reptile scales different from fish scales. Explain how.
10/03/18 periods 5,7 10/02/18 period 4 Objective: Reptiles and Fish Reptile scales different from fish scales. Explain how. Objective: Reptiles and Fish Reptile scales different from fish scales. Explain
More informationElectromagnetic flowmeters. dg: NEW. Sensors MUT 2200 EL / MUT 2500 EL DS100-4-ENG 1/14
Electromagnetic flowmeters dg: www.oryana.com.ar EW Sensors MUT 2 EL / MUT EL DS--EG 1/1 Sensors MUT 2 EL / MUT EL MUT 2 EL / MUT EL sensors represent the state of the art of EUROMAG ITERATIOAL production
More informationBiology 1B Evolution Lecture 11 (March 19, 2010), Insights from the Fossil Record and Evo-Devo
Biology 1B Evolution Lecture 11 (March 19, 2010), Insights from the Fossil Record and Evo-Devo Extinction Important points on extinction rates: Background rate of extinctions per million species per year:
More informationEVOLUTIONARY GENETICS (Genome 453) Midterm Exam Name KEY
PLEASE: Put your name on every page and SHOW YOUR WORK. Also, lots of space is provided, but you do not have to fill it all! Note that the details of these problems are fictional, for exam purposes only.
More informationThe Lilliput Effect a response of life to increasing gravity?
The Lilliput Effect a response of life to increasing gravity? Author: Carl Strutinski, Saarbrücken/Germany Published online: June 2016 cstrutinski@yahoo.com Abstract. According to Harries & Knorr (2009)
More informationActivity 1: Changes in beak size populations in low precipitation
Darwin s Finches Lab Work individually or in groups of -3 at a computer Introduction The finches on Darwin and Wallace Islands feed on seeds produced by plants growing on these islands. There are three
More informationFactors Influencing Egg Production
June, 1930 Research Bulletin No. 129 Factors Influencing Egg Production II. The Influence of the Date of First Egg Upon Maturity and Production By C. W. KNOX AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION IOWA STATE
More informationEffects of prey availability and climate across a decade for a desert-dwelling, ectothermic mesopredator. R. Anderson Western Washington University
Effects of prey availability and climate across a decade for a desert-dwelling, ectothermic mesopredator R. Anderson Western Washington University Trophic interactions in desert systems are presumed to
More informationMost amphibians begin life as aquatic organisms and then live on land as adults.
Section 3: Most amphibians begin life as aquatic organisms and then live on land as adults. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned Essential Questions What were the kinds of adaptations
More informationVERTEBRATA PALASIATICA
41 2 2003 2 VERTEBRATA PALASIATICA pp. 147 156 figs. 1 5 1) ( 100044), ( Parakannemeyeria brevirostris),,, : ( Xiyukannemeyeria),,, Q915. 864 60 Turfania (,1973), Dicynodon (, 1973 ; Lucas, 1998), (Lystrosaurus)
More informationGrade: 8. Author: Hope Phillips
Title: Fish Aquariums Real-World Connection: Grade: 8 Author: Hope Phillips BIG Idea: Linear Functions Fish aquariums can be found in homes, restaurants, and businesses. From simple goldfish to exotic
More informationProject Duration Forecasting
Project Duration Forecasting a comparison of EVM methods to ES Walt Lipke Comparison of Forecasting Convergence Project #13 PVav Var EVav Var PVlp Var EVlp Var ES Var 30 27.7 26.3 23.1 22.4 23.3 23.9 20
More informationDinosaurs and Dinosaur National Monument
Page 1 of 6 Dinosaurs and Dinosaur National Monument The Douglass Quarry History of Earl's Excavation... Geology of the Quarry Rock Formations and Ages... Dinosaur National Monument protects a large deposit
More information