AMITY. Biodiversity & Its Conservation. Lecture 23. Categorization of Biodiversity - IUCN. By Prof. S. P. Bajpai. Department of Environmental Studies

Transcription

1 Lecture 23 Biodiversity & Its Conservation Categorization of Biodiversity - IUCN By Prof. S. P. Bajpai

2 2 Endangered and Endemic Species Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, county or other defined zone, or habitat type. Organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere.

3 3 Endemism is the phenomenon of restricted distribution or occurrence of a species in a well defined geographical area. The area may be as small as that of a small lake; it may be the state of a country or a country itself, or even a continent.

4 4 An endemic species is therefore an animal or a plant species whose habitat is restricted to a particular area or space on the globe and is found only in that region and nowhere else in the world. An endemic species therefore stands as the true representative of the specific environment of its habitat.

5 5 The phenomenon of Endemism is related to Biogeography that denotes the unique occurrence of a living species in the ecological state of a well defined geographic location that may be a small local area with unique niche characteristics like the Loktak Lake in the state of Manipur, an island like Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a state like Gujarat of a country, or a nation like India.

6 6 Critically endangered: 50% probability of extinction in five years. Endangered: 20% probability of extinction with in 20 years animals and 2655 plants are Endangered worldwide, compared with 1998 levels of 1102 and 1197, respectively.

7 7 Critically endangered list included 18 species of amphibians, 14 fishes and 10 mammals. There are also 15 bird species in the category. The agency listed 310 species as endangered ones, including 69 fishes, 38 mammals and 32 amphibians.

8 8 Two plant species were reported to be extinct in the wild, including the Euphorbia mayuranthanii of Kerala. A leaf frog species and six plants were recorded as extinct, according to the latest assessment. Of the total 63,837 species globally assessed, the IUCN classified 3,947 as Critically Endangered, 81 as Extinct, 63 as Extinct in the Wild.

9 9 In the lower risk categories, there were 5766 species in Endangered, 10,104 in Vulnerable and 4,467 in Near Threatened categories. Scientific data regarding 10,497 species was not available and hence classified as Data Deficient, the report said.

10 1 According to the latest figures, 15 species of Indian birds, including the great Indian bustard, Siberian crane and sociable lapwing are there in the list of Critically Endangered birds. In the lower risk categories, the agency included 14 bird species as Endangered and 51 as vulnerable ones.

11 Critically Endangered Animals (CR) As per IUCN Brow-Antlered Deer Asiatic Lion Malabar Civet Pygmy Hog Wroughton's Free tailed Bat Himalayan grey langur Namdhapa Flying Squirrel Brow-Antlered Deer 1 Asiatic Lion

12 Malabar Civet Pygmy Hog Wroughton's Free tailed Bat 1 Himalayan grey langur Namdhapa Flying Squirrel

13 CR-Birds (India) White-rumped Vulture White bellied hereon Siberian White crane 1 Pink headed duck Jerdon s Courser Slender-billed Vulture

14 CR- Fishes and Amphibians Glyphis gangeticus Gangetic Shark) 1 Leather back turtle

15 1 Threats to Biodiversity According to IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) red data book following is the status of threatened animal at global level: Mammals: 507 species, Birds: 1029, Reptiles: 169, Amphibians: 57, Fish: 713, Insects: 1093, Molluscs: 409, Corals: 154, Annelids and worms: 139, Crustaceans: 126. Presently the rate of extinction of species is one species per day which may increase to 100 species per day up to In next 50 years tropical deforestation will be the single largest cause of the species extinction.

16 1 Factor responsible Habitat destruction Resources mismanagement Poaching Global warming Forest fragmentation Introduction of exotic species Overgrazing Natural calamities

17 1