A Consideration on Making Internet Environment in Shinkansen Faster

Transcription

1 1,a) 2,b) (LCX) 1 Gbps (IR) IR LCX LCX IR Network Mobility Basic Support Protocol Linux IP A Consideration on Making Internet Environment in Shinkansen Faster Terada Masanori 1,a) Teraoka Fumio 2,b) Abstract: Currently, Tokaido-Shinkansen provides a stable Internet environment in the train using leaky coaxial cable (LCX). We have been developing an infrared (IR) communication system with a fast handover mechanism to provide more than 1 Gbps bandwidth. This paper considers the collaboration between the IR system and the LCX system to realize a system that has broader bandwidth and fault tolerance. The proposed system incorporates the IR system in the LCX system and improves Netwrok Mobility Basic Support Protocol. We implemented the proposed system on Linux and measures the basic performance in our test network. The results show that the overhead is small enough. Keywords: Network Mobility, Communication to train, hi-speed handover, Mobile IP 1. WiFi LAN [1] (LCX: Leaky 1 Presently with Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio Univesity 2 Presently with Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University a) george@inl.ics.keio.ac.jp b) tera@ics.keio.ac.jp Coaxial Cable) (MR: Mobile Router) LCX [2] 1,069.1 km km 2 Mbps 1 Mbps IP Mobile IPv4 (NEMO: Network Mobility) Network Mobility Extensions for Mobile IPv4 (NEMOv4)[3] IPv4 c 2012 Information Processing Society of Japan 1

2 1 Table 1 Comparison of the Internet service in trains LCX 2 Mbps 0.1 % 0.7 Mbps 0.9 Mbps 54 Mbps 16.2 % 1.4 Mbps 3.0 Mbps LAN WiMAX 40 Mbps 10.8 % 1.1 Mbps 4.2 Mbps 1 [4] 2 4 Mbps 1 IPv6 1 Gbps [5] km/h IPv6 124 msec [6] LCX IR 1 Gbps LCX LCX LCX IR 1 Gbps Linux LCX LCX 1 1 LCX Fig. 1 Mobile Network of LCX system LCX Mobile IPv4 MIPv4 NEMO NEMOv4 Mobile Router (MR) Foreign Agent (FA) MR Home Agent (HA) HA HA (NEMO) MR Mobile Router (MR) DHCP 2 Access Point (AP) LAN (Local Area Network) IPv4 IPv4 2.2 IR (IR-CD) Network Mobility Baseic Support (NEMO BS)[7] c 2012 Information Processing Society of Japan 2

3 " 2 IR Fig. 2 Mobile Network of IR system 1.25 Gbps 300 m IR NEMO BS AR AR MR IPv6 Router Advertisement (RA) MR RA Care-of Address (CoA) MR CoA Home Address (HoA) MR AR CoA Home Agent (HA) CoA HA HoA CoA NEMO MR WiFi AP IR L2 MR AR L3 AR L2 AR L2 L3 MR MR L3 MR LinkUp LinkDown MR LinkDown LinkUp L3 IR (1) MR LinkDown (2) LinkUp MR MR L2 (3)MR Router Solication (RS) AR (4)MR AR RA L3 (5) L3 CoA HA Binding Update (BU) CoA (6)MR Binding Acknowledgement (BA) MA L3 MR L3 AR RA RS RA AR AR RS RA NEMO BS CoA Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) ID DAD IR LCX RTT IR IR 900 Mbps LCX 2 Mbps 1 1 Mbps RTT [4] 200 msec LCX RTT msec LCX LCX 3. LCX IR LCX LCX IR c 2012 Information Processing Society of Japan 3

4 Table 2 2 IR LCX Comparison of the IR system and LCX system RTT IR 1 Gbps msec LCX 2 Mbps 200 msec 3 Fig. 3 System configuration 1 Gbps 3 LCX LCX NEMOv4 Home Agent (HA LCX ) Access Router (AR LCX ) Mobile Router (MR LCX ) Access Point Access Point LCX IR IR LCX IR Home Agent (HA IR ) HA LCX () HA IR IR LCX Access Router (AR IR ) Mobile Router (MR IR ) LCX 1 MR LCX DHCP MR IR DHCP MR IR MR IR IR LCX 3.2 IR LCX 3 IR LCX (1) (2) (3) IR IR LCX (1) [8] NEMO MR CoA (Multiple CoA) IR LCX 1 TCP multi-path TCP (out of order) 1 UDP (2) 2 (3) IR 3 [6] 124 msec TCP 2 PC PC PC TCP 100 Mbps Ethernet IR Access Router 300 m 270 km/h 4 5 iperf PC TCP % 11 Mbps 100 Mbps 1 Gbps Mbps LCX 2 Mbps IR LCX IR LCX c 2012 Information Processing Society of Japan 4

5 3 100Mbps 5 TCP Table 3 Relation between cutting time every 5 seconds and TCP throughput in a 100 Mbps link Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps IR IR LCX 4. NEMO NEMO BS 4.1 NEMO IP IP IP IP IP IR MR IR -HA IR IPv4-in-IPv6 IPv4-in-IPv4 IPv4 IPv6 HA IR -MR IR IPv6 NEMO Mobile Network Node (MNN) Correspondent Node (CN) 4 (1) CN MNN HA IR MNN (2) HA IR IPv6 AR MR IR (3) MR IR CoA IPv6 MNN (4) MNN CN MNN Mobile Network (NEMO) MR IR (5) MR IR IPv6 AR HA IR (6) HA IR IPv6 CN LCX MR IR -HA IR IPv6-in-IPv4 NEMOv4 MR LCX -FA MR LCX -MR LCX 4 Fig. 4 IR Packet forwarding route when IR system using IPv4-in-IPv4 IPv6 MR IR -HA IR IPv4 IPv4 IPv6 MR LCX -HA LCX IPv4 MNN CN 5 (1) CN MNN HA IR MNN (2) HA IR IPv6 IPv4 IPv4 HA LCX (3) HA LCX IPv4 2 MR LCX FA (4) FA IPv4 MR LCX (5) MR LCX IPv4 MR IR (6) MR IR IPv6 IPv4 IPv4 MNN (7) MNN CN MNN NEMO MR IR (8) MR IR IPv6 IPv4 IPv4 MR LCX (9) MR LCX IPv4 FA (10) FA IPv4 HA LCX (11) HA LCX IPv4 HA IR (12) HA IR IPv6 IPv4 IPv4 CN 4.2 MR IR MR IR CoA NEMO c 2012 Information Processing Society of Japan 5

6 5 Fig. 5 LCX Packet forwarding route when LCX system using Fig. 6 6 IR Handover procedure when IR system using BS IPv6 HoA IPv4 MR IR HA IR LCX IR MR LCX -HA LCX IPv4 only network LCX IR LCX IR L3 6 MR IR LCX IR RS AR MR IR AR RA RA CoA MR IR NEMO IPv4 IPv6 NEMO MR IPv4 IPv6 BU HA IR HA IR BU IPv6 IPv4 MR IP 7 LCX Fig. 7 Handover procedure when LCX system using Binding Cache (BC) MR IR BA MR IR BA HA-MR IPv6-in-IPv6 IP IPv4-in-IPv6 IP IR LCX LCX MR IR NEMO IPv4 IPv6 CoA MR IR NEMO RS RA DAD 7 MR IR IR LCX NEMO MR IR IPv6 CoA MR IR NEMO IPv4 IPv6 BU LCX BU IPv4 MR LCX MR LCX LCX BU HA LCX NEMOv4 IPv4 HA LCX BU HA IR BU HA IR Binding Cache (BC) IPv4 BA LCX MR IR MR IR BA IPv6 CoA IPv6-in-IPv4 HA IR -MR IR IR LCX LinkDown control message LinkUp control message MR IR control message c 2012 Information Processing Society of Japan 6

7 Fig. 8 8 The algorithm to determine using system 9 Fig. 9 Experimental network 5. IR (1) (2) 2 LCX LCX IR MR IR sec 2.0 sec 4.4 Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) MIPv6 Linux umip-0.4[9] MIPv6 mip6d Linux mip6d MR HA MR HA BU BA Binding Update List Entry (BULE) Binding Cache Entry (BCE) ir-sd daemon (ir-sdd) ir-sdd LinkUp/LinkDown IR MR (Iface IR ) Up LCX Iface IR Down mip6d mip6d MR IR AP MNN CPU Intel(R) Celeron(R) M CPU 1.86 GHz MNN CPU Intel(R) Core(TM)2 DUO CPU 2.20 GHz 2 GB HA, MR, AR, FA, MNN, CN OS Linux Free BSD IR LCX HA IR -MR IR RTT 0.41 msec 1.62 msec 5.2 MR LCX 3 LCX IR (LCX IR) IR LCX (IR LCX) IR (IR IR) LCX IR IR LCX mip6d, ir-sdd gettimeofday() LCX IR MR IR 10 (a)-(e) c 2012 Information Processing Society of Japan 7

8 10 11 LCX IR Fig. 10 The handover procedure and processing time of system change from LCX to IR IR LCX Fig. 11 The handover procedure and processing time of system change from IR to LCX (a) ir-sdd Iface IR Up (b) mip6d Iface IR Up CoA AR RS (c) mip6d RA IP (d) mip6d HA BU (e) mip6d HA BA BULE (b)-(c) AE RA sec RA RS sec RA RS RA AR 5 msec LCX IR MR IR 11 (f)-(h) (f) ir-sdd Iface IR Down (g) mip6d Iface IR Down NEMO IPv6 CoA HA BU (h) mip6d HA BA BULE NEMO BS CoA Iface IR LinkDown BU LCX IR LCX RTT 200 msec 200 msec LCX IR 5 msec IR LCX 200 msec IR LCX 1Gbps Linux IR LCX IR [1] Vol. 15, No. 2, pp (2010). [2] LCX (1982). [3] Leung, K., Dommety, G., Narayanan, V. and Petrescu, A.: Network Mobility (NEMO) Extensions for Mobile IPv4 (2008). [4] IP (2010). [5] Haruyama, S., Urabe, H., Shogenji, T., Ishikawa, S., Hiruta, M., Teraoka, F., Arita, T., Matsubara, H. and Nakagawa, S.: New Ground-to-Train High-Speed Free- Space Optical Communication System with Fast Handover Mechanism, Proceedings of OFCNFOEC 2011 (2011). [6] Arita, T. and Teraoka, F.: Providing a High-Speed Train with a Broadband NEMO Environment, Proceedings of AINTEC 2010 (2010). [7] Devarapalli, V., R.Wakikawa, Petrescu, A. and Thubert, P.: Network Mobility (NEMO) Basic Support Protocol (2005). [8] Kuntz, R.: Deploying reliable IPv6 temporary networks thanks to NEMO Basic Support and Multiple Care-of Addresses registration, Proceedings of the 2007 International Symposium on Applications and the Internet Workshops (SAINTW 07) (2007). [9] UMIP.org: c 2012 Information Processing Society of Japan 8